DE102019207481A1 - Method for increasing the availability of an electrical braking torque of at least one electrical machine - Google Patents
Method for increasing the availability of an electrical braking torque of at least one electrical machine Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/22—Dynamic electric resistor braking, combined with dynamic electric regenerative braking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
- B60L15/2009—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
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- B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
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- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
- B60T1/02—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
- B60T1/10—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels by utilising wheel movement for accumulating energy, e.g. driving air compressors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
- B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
- B60T13/58—Combined or convertible systems
- B60T13/585—Combined or convertible systems comprising friction brakes and retarders
- B60T13/586—Combined or convertible systems comprising friction brakes and retarders the retarders being of the electric type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D61/00—Brakes with means for making the energy absorbed available for use
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
- B60L2260/10—Temporary overload
- B60L2260/16—Temporary overload of electrical drive trains
- B60L2260/162—Temporary overload of electrical drive trains of electrical cells or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T2270/00—Further aspects of brake control systems not otherwise provided for
- B60T2270/60—Regenerative braking
- B60T2270/604—Merging friction therewith; Adjusting their repartition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Verfügbarkeit eines elektrischen Bremsmoments mindestens einer elektrischen Maschine (10, 20) unabhängig vom Ladezustand einer mit dieser gekoppelten mindestens einen Batterie (32), die über ein Batteriemanagementsystem (34) betrieben wird. Es werden nachfolgende Verfahrensschritte durchlaufen: die mindestens eine elektrische Maschine (10, 20) wird im Generatormodus betrieben. Die Übermittlung des Auftretens eines Ereignisses der „Notbremsung“ erfolgt an das Batteriemanagementsystem (34) mindestens einer einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisenden Batterie (32); es erfolgt eine Änderung des Betriebsmodus' der mindestens einen einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisenden Batterie (32) durch das Batteriemanagementsystem (34) derart, dass während des Ereignisses „Notbremsung“ die mindestens eine einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisenden Batterie (32) mit Strömen und Spannungen betrieben wird, die über diejenigen hinausgehen, die im Normalbetrieb der mindestens einen einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisenden Batterie (32) vorliegen. Alternativ wird der im Generatormodus der mindestens einen elektrischen Maschine (10, 20) erzeugte Strom in mindestens einem Brems-Shunt (40) in Wärme umgewandelt.The invention relates to a method for increasing the availability of an electrical braking torque of at least one electrical machine (10, 20) regardless of the state of charge of an at least one battery (32) coupled to it, which is operated via a battery management system (34). The following method steps are carried out: the at least one electrical machine (10, 20) is operated in generator mode. The occurrence of an “emergency braking” event is transmitted to the battery management system (34) of at least one battery (32) having a high state of charge; the operating mode of the at least one battery (32) having a high state of charge is changed by the battery management system (34) such that the at least one battery (32) having a high state of charge is operated with currents and voltages during the "emergency braking" event that go beyond those that are present in normal operation of the at least one battery (32) having a high state of charge. Alternatively, the current generated in the generator mode of the at least one electrical machine (10, 20) is converted into heat in at least one brake shunt (40).
Description
Technisches GebietTechnical area
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Verfügbarkeit eines elektrischen Bremsmoments mindestens einer elektrischen Maschine eines Fahrzeugs unabhängig vom Ladungszustand einer mit dieser gekoppelten mindestens einen Batterie, die über ein Batteriemanagementsystem betrieben wird.The invention relates to a method for increasing the availability of an electrical braking torque of at least one electrical machine of a vehicle, regardless of the state of charge of an at least one battery coupled to it, which is operated via a battery management system.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Batteriebetriebene Elektrofahrzeuge (BEV) und Plug-In-Hybrid-Fahrzeuge (PHEV) können im Generatorbetrieb der diese antreibende mindestens einen elektrischen Maschine ein Bremsmoment auf die Räder übertragen. Dieses Bremsmoment kann unabhängig vom oder parallel zu dem Moment angelegt werden, welches eine Reibbremse aufbringt. Die dabei erzeugte mechanische Energie wird von der elektrischen Maschine in eine drei-phasige elektrische Wechselspannung und unter Zwischenschaltung eines Umrichters in Gleichspannung umgewandelt. Mit dieser umgewandelten Gleichspannung wird die Traktionsbatterie eines batteriebetriebenen Elektrofahrzeugs (BEV) und/oder eines Plug-In-Hybrid-Fahrzeugs (PHEV) aufgeladen.Battery-operated electric vehicles (BEV) and plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV) can transmit a braking torque to the wheels of the at least one electric machine that drives them in generator mode. This braking torque can be applied independently of or in parallel with the torque that a friction brake applies. The mechanical energy generated in this process is converted by the electrical machine into a three-phase electrical alternating voltage and, with the interposition of a converter, into direct voltage. The traction battery of a battery-operated electric vehicle (BEV) and / or a plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV) is charged with this converted DC voltage.
Fahrzeuge können heute autonom bremsen, zum Beispiel im Bereich „active safety“, um Fußgänger durch eine von einem Fahrassistenzsystem ausgelöste Notbremsung zu schützen. Das Bremsmoment einer Reibbremse baut sich innerhalb eines Zeitfensters von 200 bis 300 Millisekunden auf, bis das maximal erreichbare Bremsmoment zur Verfügung steht.Vehicles can now brake autonomously, for example in the area of "active safety" in order to protect pedestrians by emergency braking triggered by a driver assistance system. The braking torque of a friction brake builds up within a time window of 200 to 300 milliseconds until the maximum achievable braking torque is available.
Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention
Erfindungsgemäß wird ein Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Verfügbarkeit eines elektrischen Bremsmoments mindestens einer elektrischen Maschine eines Fahrzeugs unabhängig vom Ladezustand einer mit dieser gekoppelten mindestens einen Batterie vorgeschlagen, die über ein Batteriemanagementsystem betrieben wird. Beim erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen Verfahren werden die nachfolgenden Verfahrensschritte durchlaufen:
- a) Betreiben der mindestens einen elektrischen Maschine im Generatormodus,
- b) Übermitteln des Auftretens eines Ereignisses „Notbremsung“ an das Batteriemanagementsystem einer einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisenden mindestens einen Batterie,
- c) Änderung des Betriebsmodus' der mindestens einen einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisenden Batterie durch das Batteriemanagementsystem derart, dass während des Ereignisses „Notbremsung“ die mindestens eine einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisende Batterie mit Strömen und Spannungen betrieben wird, die über diejenigen hinausgehen, die im Normalbetrieb der mindestens einen einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisenden Batterie vorliegen, oder alternativ
- d) im Generatormodus der mindestens einen elektrischen Maschine erzeugter Strom wird in mindestens einen Brems-Shunt in Wärme umgewandelt.
- a) operating the at least one electrical machine in generator mode,
- b) Transmission of the occurrence of an "emergency braking" event to the battery management system of at least one battery with a high state of charge,
- c) Change of the operating mode of the at least one battery having a high state of charge by the battery management system in such a way that during the event "emergency braking" the at least one battery having a high state of charge is operated with currents and voltages that go beyond those that are normal in at least one battery having a high state of charge is present, or alternatively
- d) Current generated in the generator mode of the at least one electrical machine is converted into heat in at least one brake shunt.
Durch die erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagene Lösung kann bei Auslösung eines Notbremsmanövers durch die elektrische Maschine das maximale Bremsmoment zur Verfügung gestellt werden, sodass wertvoller Bremsweg hinsichtlich des sich ergebenden Bremswegs eingespart werden kann, da das Bremsmoment, welches durch die elektrische Maschine aufgebracht wird, verzögerungsfrei zur Verfügung gestellt werden kann, im Gegensatz zu dem obenstehend erwähnten Zeitfenster, welches zur Bereitstellung des maximalen Bremsmoments der Reibbremse erforderlich ist.With the solution proposed according to the invention, when an emergency braking maneuver is triggered by the electrical machine, the maximum braking torque can be made available, so that valuable braking distance can be saved with regard to the resulting braking distance, since the braking torque that is applied by the electrical machine is made available without delay can be, in contrast to the above-mentioned time window, which is required to provide the maximum braking torque of the friction brake.
In Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen Verfahrens wird das Auftreten des Ereignisses „Notbremsung“ von einem Steuergerät des Fahrzeugs an das Batteriemanagementsystem über ein Bussystem übermittelt. Bei der erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen Lösung wird gemäß Verfahrensschritt c) bei der Änderung des Betriebsmodus' der mindestens einen einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisenden Batterie in einen Betriebsmodus gewechselt, der die Bereitstellung einer maximalen Stromaufnahme gegenüber dem Schutz der mindestens einen einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisenden Batterie priorisiert. Durch diese Betriebsstrategie wird in Kauf genommen, dass es möglicherweise zu einer Beeinträchtigung der Lebensdauer der Batterie kommen kann, jedoch das Ereignis „Notbremsung“ und dem Schutz von Menschen eine höhere Priorität eingeräumt wird.In a further development of the method proposed according to the invention, the occurrence of the “emergency braking” event is transmitted from a control unit of the vehicle to the battery management system via a bus system. In the solution proposed according to the invention, according to method step c), when the operating mode of the at least one battery having a high state of charge is changed, there is a change to an operating mode that prioritizes the provision of a maximum current consumption over the protection of the at least one battery having a high state of charge. This operating strategy accepts that the service life of the battery may be impaired, but the "emergency braking" event and the protection of people are given higher priority.
Bei der erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen Lösung wird in dem Betriebsmodus, in welchem die mindestens eine einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisende Batterie bei Auftreten des Ereignisses „Notbremsung“ wechselt, eine permanente Degradation der mindestens einen einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisenden Batterie in Kauf genommen.In the solution proposed according to the invention, permanent degradation of the at least one battery with a high state of charge is accepted in the operating mode in which the at least one battery having a high state of charge changes when the event “emergency braking” occurs.
Alternativ kann bei dem erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen Verfahren ohne Beeinträchtigung der Lebensdauer der Batterie insbesondere dann, wenn diese einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweist, vermieden werden, wenn im Generatormodus der mindestens einen elektrischen Maschine des Fahrzeugs erzeugter Strom mittels eines Brems-Shunts, der gegebenenfalls als Einmal-Brems-Shunt ausgeführt ist, elektrischer Strom in Wärme umgewandelt wird.Alternatively, in the method proposed according to the invention, without impairing the service life of the battery, in particular if it has a high state of charge, it can be avoided if current generated in the generator mode of the at least one electrical machine of the vehicle by means of a braking shunt which is optionally designed as a single-use braking shunt, electrical current is converted into heat.
Dem erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen Verfahren weiter folgend, kann bei der alternativen Möglichkeit gemäß Verfahrensschritt d) der mindestens eine Brems-Shunt an der mindestens einen einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisenden Batterie verbaut sein. Es besteht jedoch auch die Möglichkeit, gemäß Verfahrensschritt d) mindestens einen Brems-Shunt an einem zusätzlichen Steuergerät des Fahrzeugs zu verbauen. Beide Einbauorte für den mindestens einen Brems-Shunt sind prinzipiell möglich.Further following the method proposed according to the invention, in the alternative option according to method step d), the at least one brake shunt can be installed on the at least one battery having a high state of charge. However, according to method step d), there is also the possibility of installing at least one brake shunt on an additional control unit of the vehicle. Both installation locations for the at least one brake shunt are possible in principle.
Bei der Alternative gemäß Verfahrensschritt d) der Umwandlung überschüssigen Stroms in Wärme bei Auftreten des Ereignisses „Notbremsung“ erfolgt die Übermittlung des Auftretens dieses Ereignisses vom Steuergerät des Fahrzeugs an das Batteriemanagementsystem und an das zusätzliche Steuergerät über einen Koordinator, sodass die Information über das Auftreten des Ereignisses „Notbremsung“ gleichzeitig am Batteriemanagementsystem und am zusätzlichen Steuergerät vorliegt.In the alternative according to method step d) of converting excess electricity into heat when the "emergency braking" event occurs, the occurrence of this event is transmitted from the vehicle's control unit to the battery management system and to the additional control unit via a coordinator, so that the information about the occurrence of the "Emergency braking" event is present at the same time on the battery management system and on the additional control unit.
Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention
Durch die erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagene Lösung wird in vorteilhafter Weise erreicht, dass das Fahrzeug beim Auftreten des Ereignisses „Notbremsung“ mit einem maximal erzeugbaren Bremsmoment abgebremst wird. Bei Auftreten dieser Notfallsituation wirken das mit einer geringen Zeitverzögerung erzeugte Bremsmoment der Reibbremse einerseits mit dem unmittelbar wirksamen elektrischen Bremsmoment der mindestens einen elektrischen Maschine andererseits zusammen, sodass der Bremsweg minimiert wird.The solution proposed according to the invention advantageously ensures that the vehicle is braked with a maximum brake torque that can be generated when the “emergency braking” event occurs. When this emergency situation occurs, the braking torque of the friction brake, which is generated with a slight time delay, interacts on the one hand with the directly effective electrical braking torque of the at least one electrical machine on the other, so that the braking distance is minimized.
Das maximal erzeugbare generatorische Bremsmoment kann nur dann gestellt werden, wenn der im Modus Generatorbetrieb erzeugte Strom auch durch die mindestens eine Batterie aufgenommen werden kann. Es ist für Batteriezellen gemeinhin schädlich, über einen längeren Zeitraum mit einer zu hohen Spannung betrieben zu werden. Ab einem bestimmten Ladungszustand der Batterie ist es nicht mehr möglich, die durch das generatorisch erzeugte Bremsmoment elektrische Energie in diese aufzunehmen, da ansonsten die Batteriespannung auf Dauer zu hoch wird. In diesem Fall sorgt das Batteriemanagementsystem der betreffenden Batterie dafür, dass die Schütze geöffnet werden. Dadurch allerdings kann das elektrische Bremsmoment nicht aufrechterhalten werden. Bei der erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen Lösung wird jedoch durch die Information an das Batteriemanagementsystem, dass es sich um ein außergewöhnliches Ereignis, d. h. das Auftreten des Ereignisses „Notbremsung“ handelt, dafür Sorge getragen, dass der Betriebsmodus der Batterie geändert wird und für die Zeitspanne des Auftretens des Ereignisses „Notbremsung“ auch für eine einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisende Batterie eine Belastung über die normalen Strom- und Spannungsgrenzen hinaus ermöglicht wird. Dadurch steht auch bei einer einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisenden Batterie das volle Rekuperationsmoment der elektrischen Maschine zur Verfügung.The maximum regenerative braking torque that can be generated can only be set if the current generated in generator mode can also be absorbed by the at least one battery. It is generally harmful for battery cells to be operated at too high a voltage for a long period of time. When the battery has reached a certain state of charge, it is no longer possible to absorb the electrical energy generated by the braking torque as a generator, since otherwise the battery voltage will become too high in the long run. In this case, the battery management system of the battery in question ensures that the contactors are opened. However, this means that the electrical braking torque cannot be maintained. In the solution proposed according to the invention, however, the information to the battery management system indicates that it is an exceptional event, i.e. H. the occurrence of the "emergency braking" event, care must be taken that the operating mode of the battery is changed and, for the period of the occurrence of the "emergency braking" event, a load beyond the normal current and voltage limits is possible even for a battery with a high state of charge becomes. As a result, the full recuperation torque of the electric machine is available even when the battery has a high charge state.
Beim erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen Verfahren wechselt die einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisende Batterie ihren Betriebsmodus, ausgelöst durch die Meldung des Auftretens des Ereignisses „Notbremsung“ durch das Steuergerät des Fahrzeugs an das Batteriemanagementsystem. Dieses Wechseln des Betriebszustands ermöglicht es, dass die einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisende Batterie eine maximale Stromaufnahme bereitstellt und demzufolge der Schutz der Batterie in diesem Fall eine niedrigere Priorität hat. Auch eine permanente Degradation, d. h. eine Lebensdauerschädigung der Batterie bis hin zu einem Defekt, kann in Kauf genommen werden.In the method proposed according to the invention, the battery having a high state of charge changes its operating mode, triggered by the notification of the occurrence of the “emergency braking” event by the vehicle control unit to the battery management system. This change in the operating state makes it possible for the battery, which has a high state of charge, to provide maximum power consumption, and consequently the protection of the battery has a lower priority in this case. Permanent degradation, i.e. H. a lifetime damage to the battery up to a defect can be accepted.
Das erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagene Verfahren kann auch bei Antrieben mit mehreren elektrischen Maschinen eingesetzt werden.The method proposed according to the invention can also be used in drives with several electrical machines.
Die alternative Lösung gemäß Verfahrensschritt d) des erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen Verfahrens sieht vor, dass im Generatorbetrieb erzeugter elektrischer Strom durch mindestens einen Shunt, insbesondere einen Einmal-Brems-Shunt in Wärme umgewandelt wird. Gemäß der alternativen Lösung wird eine Lebensdauerschädigung von einen hohen Ladungszustand aufweisenden Batterien vermieden. Aus Kostengründen könnten in der alternativen Variante des erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen Verfahrens günstige Einmal-Brems-Shunts eingesetzt werden, die nach einem Notbremsmanöver in einer Werkstatt wieder ausgetauscht werden könnten. In Bezug auf die alternative Lösung des erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagenen Verfahrens gemäß Verfahrensschritt d) sei angemerkt, dass der Einbauort des mindestens einen Brems-Shunts entweder in der Nähe der Batterie oder in einem zusätzlichen Steuergerät vorgenommen werden kann. Werden die Brems-Shunts, insbesondere ausgestaltet als Einmal-Brems-Shunts, an einem zusätzlichen Steuergerät des Fahrzeugs verbaut, wird durch einen Koordinator die Information hinsichtlich des Auftretens des Ereignisses „Notbremsung“ sowohl an das Batteriemanagementsystem als auch an das zusätzliche Steuergerät des Fahrzeugs versandt.The alternative solution according to method step d) of the method proposed according to the invention provides that electrical current generated in generator mode is converted into heat by at least one shunt, in particular a one-time braking shunt. According to the alternative solution, lifetime damage to batteries having a high state of charge is avoided. For cost reasons, in the alternative variant of the method proposed according to the invention, inexpensive single-use brake shunts could be used, which could be exchanged again in a workshop after an emergency braking maneuver. With regard to the alternative solution of the method proposed according to the invention according to method step d), it should be noted that the installation location of the at least one brake shunt can be made either near the battery or in an additional control unit. If the brake shunts, in particular designed as one-time brake shunts, are installed on an additional control unit of the vehicle, a coordinator sends the information regarding the occurrence of the "emergency braking" event to both the battery management system and the additional control unit of the vehicle .
FigurenlisteFigure list
Anhand der Zeichnung wird die Erfindung nachstehend eingehender beschrieben.
- Die einzige Figur zeigt die Komponenten eines elektrischen Antriebssystems beispielsweise eines elektrischen Fahrzeugs.
- The single figure shows the components of an electric drive system, for example an electric vehicle.
Ausführungsformen der ErfindungEmbodiments of the invention
In der nachfolgenden Beschreibung der Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden gleiche oder ähnliche Elemente mit gleichen Bezugszeichen bezeichnet, wobei auf eine wiederholte Beschreibung dieser Elemente in Einzelfällen verzichtet wird. Die Figur stellt den Gegenstand der Erfindung nur schematisch dar.In the following description of the embodiments of the invention, the same or similar elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, a repeated description of these elements being dispensed with in individual cases. The figure represents the subject matter of the invention only schematically.
Aus der schematischen Darstellung gemäß
Sämtliche Ströme, die über die elektrischen Maschinen
Das Auftreten eines Ereignisses „Notbremsung“ wird über ein Steuergerät
Das Batteriemanagementsystem
In dem Batteriemanagementsystem
Alternativ kann durch das erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagene Verfahren im Generatormodus der elektrischen Maschine
Der Einbauort des mindestens einen Brems-Shunts
In der in
Das zusätzliche Steuergerät
Aus der Darstellung gemäß
In Abwandlung der in
Es kann beispielsweise innerhalb eines Systems
In einer weiteren Systempermutation, System
In einer weiteren Systempermutation, als System
In einer Systempermutation, als System
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die hier beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele und die darin hervorgehobenen Aspekte beschränkt. Vielmehr ist innerhalb des durch die Ansprüche angegebenen Bereichs eine Vielzahl von Abwandlungen möglich, die im Rahmen fachmännischen Handelns liegen.The invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiments described here and the aspects emphasized therein. Rather, within the range specified by the claims, a large number of modifications are possible that are within the scope of expert knowledge.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (3)
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DE102019207481.2A DE102019207481A1 (en) | 2019-05-22 | 2019-05-22 | Method for increasing the availability of an electrical braking torque of at least one electrical machine |
PCT/EP2020/063038 WO2020234022A1 (en) | 2019-05-22 | 2020-05-11 | Method for increasing the availability of an electric braking torque of at least one electric machine |
EP20725510.0A EP3972870A1 (en) | 2019-05-22 | 2020-05-11 | Method for increasing the availability of an electric braking torque of at least one electric machine |
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DE102019207481.2A DE102019207481A1 (en) | 2019-05-22 | 2019-05-22 | Method for increasing the availability of an electrical braking torque of at least one electrical machine |
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DE102019207481.2A Pending DE102019207481A1 (en) | 2019-05-22 | 2019-05-22 | Method for increasing the availability of an electrical braking torque of at least one electrical machine |
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DE (1) | DE102019207481A1 (en) |
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DE10226308A1 (en) * | 2002-06-13 | 2003-12-24 | Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen | Electrodynamic drive device for vehicle with combustion engine is connected to on-board electric load, excess electrical energy fed to load if defined electrical energy storage device charge reached |
US8062169B2 (en) * | 2007-04-30 | 2011-11-22 | Caterpillar Inc. | System for controlling a hybrid energy system |
US7971666B2 (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2011-07-05 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | System and method of extending regenerative braking in a hybrid electric vehicle |
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WO2020234022A1 (en) | 2020-11-26 |
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