DE102019107016A1 - Device for at least partial drying of a printing material - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for at least partial drying of a printing material, comprising at least one dryer with at least one energy output device with at least one action area. The at least one area of action is at least partially surrounded by a waveguide and the at least one waveguide is configured with at least one inlet opening and / or at least one outlet opening. The at least one energy output device comprises at least one radiation source, with at least one reinforcement device with at least one first effective surface being attached to the at least one input opening and / or the at least one output opening of the at least one waveguide, the length of the at least one reinforcement device being at least 5% of the Depth of the at least one waveguide inwardly into the at least one waveguide.

Description

The invention relates to a device for at least partially drying a printing material according to the preamble of claim 1.

Different printing processes are used in printing machines, for example rotary printing, offset printing, planographic printing, letterpress printing, screen printing or gravure printing or non-impact printing processes. Non-impact printing processes (NIP = non-impact printing) are printing processes that manage without a fixed, i.e. physically unchangeable, printing form. Such printing processes can produce different print images in each printing process. Examples of non-impact printing processes are ionographic processes, magnetographic processes, thermographic processes and, in particular, inkjet printing processes or inkjet printing processes. Such printing processes usually have at least one image-generating device, for example at least one print head. In the case of the inkjet printing process, such a print head is designed, for example, as an inkjet print head and has at least one and preferably several nozzles, by means of which at least one printing fluid, for example in the form of ink droplets, can be transferred to a printing substrate in a targeted manner. The printing material should be as constant as possible from the image-generating device, on the one hand in order to be able to coordinate the image generation over time and on the other hand to avoid damage to the image-generating device.

The printing material that has been provided with a printing fluid is usually dried in a later process. Various devices are known to enable such a drying process. For example, an energy output device is arranged that can remove solvents and / or trigger crosslinking reactions. Common drying methods are, for example, hot air drying and drying with IR radiation. The disadvantage of IR radiation is, for example, the different absorption of IR radiation of different colors. Uneven drying can take place. In addition, the effects of most drying processes cannot be stopped immediately, which can lead to overheating of the.

In inkjet printing or inkjet printing, individual drops of at least one printing fluid are ejected from nozzles of print heads and transferred to a printing substrate in such a way that a printed image is produced on the printing substrate. Different print images can be created by individually controlling a large number of nozzles. There is no fixed printing form, so it is possible to design each individual print product individually. As a result, personalized printed products can be produced and / or, due to the saving of printing forms, small editions of printed products can be produced at low cost.

An exact match of a printed image on the front and back of a substrate printed on both sides is called a register (DIN 16500-2). In multi-color printing, one speaks of register (DIN 16500-2) when individual print images of different colors are put together exactly to match one image. Suitable measures must also be taken in connection with inkjet printing in order to maintain register and / or register.

The possibility of individually defining print images may result in non-periodically recurring amounts of solvent that are applied to the substrate but are to be removed during drying and / or non-periodically recurring patterns of printing fluid that are to be crosslinked.

As an alternative drying method, the printing fluid can be dried by dielectric heating, for example by means of microwave radiation. The increased kinetic energy of the molecules generates heat, which evaporates the water and / or other solvents. With this selective drying process, only the areas on which there is solvent are dried. The substrate and / or the other printing material are protected. Furthermore, energy can be saved, since only the application areas where dipoles are located are heated.

Through the DE 10 2015 204 980 A1 a printing machine with at least one dryer is known, the at least one dryer having at least one first gas outlet nozzle with a gas discharge device and the gas outlet nozzles being offset from one another and being able to be operated separately from one another.

By DE 44 33 904 A1 a device for heating a printing web by means of microwaves is known. The apparatus comprises a chamber having an entrance opening and an exit opening for passing a web through the chamber. The microwave source is isolated from reflecting microwaves in the interior of the chamber by means of two porous carbon fabric plates. A narrow slot with metal sheets protruding outwards prevents air, solvent and microwave energy from escaping from the chamber.

By EP 17 38 916 A1 a device for drying a printing material is known, the printing material with between each printing step Microwaves are applied and in this area the drying is intensified by a flow. The stationary microwaves are generated with a microwave source, preferably a magnetron, with a power between 6 kW and 25 kW and with a resonator.

The invention is based on the object of creating at least one dryer for at least partial drying of the printing material.

The object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1.

The advantages that can be achieved with the invention are, in particular, that the efficiency of the drying process is increased by arranging a reinforcement device which is arranged so as to protrude into the interior of a waveguide. In addition, the efficiency can be further improved by using a shield for the at least one dryer. Particularly wet areas of the printing material and / or the printed image that need to be dried particularly hard are dried at least to the extent that a relatively low but uniform dryer output is then sufficient, which is applied over the entire width of the printing material.

Another advantage of the invention is that the inclination of the at least one waveguide can improve the energy input through a changed angle of incidence of the electromagnetic wave into the substrate and / or the printing material with the printing fluid.

Another advantage is that, due to the inclination of the at least one waveguide, several dryers can be arranged offset next to one another over the working width of the printing machine and parts of the dryer can be switched off.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are described in more detail below.

• 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer Druckmaschine;
• 2 eine schematische Darstellung eines Düsenbalkens;
• 3 eine schematische Darstellung eines Trockners;
• 4 eine schematische Darstellung einer Energieabgabeeinrichtung;
• 5 eine schematische Seitenansicht im Schnitt eines Hohlleiters mit der V erstärku ngsvorrichtu ng
• 6 eine schematische Seitenansicht im Schnitt alternativer Ausführungsformen des Hohlleiters in einem ovalen Querschnitt a) und einem kreisrunden Querschnitt b);
• 7 eine schematische Seitenansicht des zumindest einen Hohlleiters mit einem Abschirmgehäuse;
• 8 schematische Ansicht mehrerer geneigter Hohlleiter nebeneinander;
• 9 schematische Draufsicht mehrerer Energieabgabeeinrichtungen nebeneinander.

Show it:

• 1 a schematic representation of a printing machine;
• 2 a schematic representation of a nozzle bar;
• 3 a schematic representation of a dryer;
• 4th a schematic representation of an energy output device;
• 5 a schematic side view in section of a waveguide with the reinforcement device
• 6th a schematic side view in section of alternative embodiments of the waveguide in an oval cross section a ) and a circular cross-section b);
• 7th a schematic side view of the at least one waveguide with a shielding housing;
• 8th schematic view of several inclined waveguides side by side;
• 9 schematic plan view of several energy delivery devices side by side.

A printing fluid or also color referred to in the preceding and in the following inks, printing inks and / or lacquers, as well as other materials that are produced by a printing machine 01 or at least one printing unit 200 the printing press 01 on a substrate 02 transferred and / or are transferrable. The printing fluid, preferably in a finely structured form and / or not only over a large area, establishes a texture on the printing material that is preferably visible and / or perceptible through sensory impressions and / or that can be detected by machine 02 . In particular, a printing fluid, in particular in the form of drops, located in a volume of the print head, in particular the inkjet print head, can leave the volume of the print head through a nozzle.

As a printing press 01 here is at least one printing fluid on a printing substrate 02 Understanding the applying or applying machine. The printing press 01 has, for example, at least one source of printing material 100 , at least a first printing unit 200 , preferably at least a first pre-dryer 351 or first main dryer 351 , for example at least a first after-dryer 301 , for example at least a second printing unit 400 , for example at least a second pre-dryer 351 or second main dryer 351 and for example at least one second after-dryer 331 and for example at least one post-processing device 500 on. The printing press 01 can be used as a printing machine that works according to the inkjet or inkjet process - as a whole or possibly in addition to other non-impact and / or printing form-based processes 01 be designed, in particular as an inkjet printing machine 01 .

At least one first printing unit 200 is preferred as at least one first inkjet printing unit 200 educated. The printing press 01 is therefore preferred as an inkjet printing machine 01 educated. The invention is described below using an inkjet printing machine 01 described. However, the invention can also be used for other non-impact printing processes or completely different printing processes, such as, for example, rotary printing, offset printing, letterpress printing, screen printing or gravure printing, provided that there are no contradictions. The printing press is preferred 01 as a web printing machine 01 designed, more preferably as a roll inkjet printing machine 01 . The printing press 01 is for example as a rotary printing press 01 designed, for example as a web-fed rotary printing machine, in particular a web-fed rotary inkjet printing machine 01 . In the case of a web press 01 is the substrate source 100 for example as a roll unwinding device 100 , especially as a roll changer 100 , educated. In the case of the printing press 01 as a sheet-fed printing machine 01 or sheet-fed rotary printing press is the printing material source 100 for example designed as a sheet feeder. In the substrate source 100 at least one substrate is preferred 02 aligned, preferably with respect to at least one edge of this printing material 02 . The substrate 02 is, for example, at least one web-like printing material 02 , i.e. a substrate web 02 , for example a paper web 02 or a textile web 02 or a slide 02 , for example a plastic film 02 or a metal foil 02 .

One axial direction A. or cross direction A. is preferably one direction A. that are parallel to an axis of rotation 102 a substrate roll 101 and / or to an axis of rotation 202 ; 404 at least one of a central printing cylinder 201 ; 401 and / or to a rotation axis of a general rotatable, in particular in the first printing unit 200 arranged guide element 201 ; 401 for printing material 02 extends. The cross direction A. is more preferably a direction that is parallel to a longest side of the nozzle bar 206 ; 403 runs. The cross direction A. is preferably orthogonal to at least one and preferably each transport direction T oriented. The direction of transport T In the case of a curved transport path, the direction that runs tangentially to a respective reference point next section and / or point of the intended transport path is preferably in each case. This respective reference point is preferably at the point and / or on the component that is related to the transport direction T is related. One transport direction T is preferably the transport direction T that are parallel in the direction of the width and / or the shortest side of the nozzle bar 206 ; 403 extends. A transport route for the at least one printing material 02 and in particular the substrate web 02 runs following the at least one printing material source 100 preferably by the at least one first printing unit 200 where the substrate 02 and in particular the substrate web 02 preferably by means of at least one coating agent or printing fluid, in particular at least one ink and / or printing ink, at least on one side and preferably in connection with the at least one second printing unit 400 preferably two-sided with at least one print image 03 is provided.

After passing the at least one first printing assembly 200 runs through the transport route of the printing material 02 and in particular the substrate web 02 for example the at least one first after-dryer 301 to dry the applied printing fluid. The at least one first after-dryer is preferred 301 Part of a dryer unit 300 . The at least one post-processing device 500 is for example as at least one folding device 500 and / or as a winder 500 and / or as at least one bow separator 500 and / or as at least a plan display 500 educated. In the at least one folding device 500 is the preferred substrate that is printed on both sides 02 preferably processed into individual print products.

The following is a web press 01 described in more detail. Corresponding details can also be applied to other printing machines 01 , for example sheet-fed printing presses, provided they do not conflict with this. The substrate 02 preferably has a width, that is to say an extension in the axial direction A. from 700 mm to 2,000 mm, but can also have any smaller or preferably larger width.

A working width of the printing machine 01 is a dimension that is preferably orthogonal to the intended transport path of the printing material 02 through the at least one first printing unit 200 extends, more preferably in the axial direction A. or cross direction A. . The working width of the printing machine 01 preferably corresponds to a maximum width that a printing material 02 may have to still use the printing press 01 to be processed, so a maximum with the printing machine 01 processable substrate width.

At least one first printing unit 200 is preferred to the roll unwinding device 100 regarding the transport route of the printing material 02 subordinate. At least one first printing unit 200 has, for example, at least one first guide element 201 , in particular a first central printing cylinder 201 or short central cylinder 201 on. If in the following from a central cylinder 201 we are talking about a central printing cylinder 201 meant. The substrate web 02 preferably wraps around the first central cylinder in a printing operation 201 at least partially. An angle of wrap is preferably at least 180 ° and more preferably at least 270 °. The wrap angle is that in Angle measured in the circumferential direction of a cylinder jacket surface of the first central cylinder 201 along which the substrate 02 and in particular the substrate web 02 with the first central cylinder 201 is in contact.

Under a printing unit 200 a device is to be understood by means of which a web or sheet-like printing material 02 is or can be provided with at least one pressure fluid on at least one of its sides. At least one first printing unit 200 the printing press 01 preferably has at least one pressure point 207 on. Under a pressure point 207 a preferably complete area is to be understood here, in the contact between a respective same printing fluid and a printing material 02 is produced or can be produced. The concept of the pressure point 207 should also be used when the printing fluid is not pressed between the printing substrate 02 on the one hand and a component that transfers the printing fluid, on the other hand, onto the printing material 02 is applied, for example by an impingement of freely movable printing fluid on the printing material 02 , for example flying drops of the printing fluid. Preferably includes a pressure point 207 all areas that are necessary for a certain pressure point to hit, in particular this pressure point 207 associated printing fluids on the printing material 02 are provided. In the case of a printing unit operating according to the inkjet printing process 200 includes, for example, a pressure point 207 all areas that are necessary for a printing fluid to hit a first side of the printing material 02 are provided.

At least one first printing unit 200 preferably has several pressure points 207 on, each of which is assigned a respective pressure fluid, for example at least three pressure points 207 , preferably four pressure points 207 , more preferably at least five pressure points 207 , more preferably at least six pressure points 207 and even more preferably at least seven pressure points 207 .

Every pressure point 207 preferably has at least one application point 203 on. Every job site 203 is preferably at least one imaging device 204 assigned, in particular at least one print head 204 and more preferably at least one row of print heads 208 . Every job site 203 preferably extends in the transverse direction A. , more preferably over the entire working width of the printing machine 01 . In the case of an inkjet printing machine 01 is the at least one imaging device 204 preferably as at least one print head 204 , especially inkjet printhead 204 educated. Imaging facilities 204 such as print heads 204 usually have a limited dimension, particularly in the transverse direction A. . This results in a restricted area of the printing material 02 , to that of a respective printhead 204 Printing fluid can be applied. Therefore, multiple imaging devices are commonly used 204 or print heads 204 in the transverse direction A. arranged one behind the other. Such with respect to the transverse direction A. printheads arranged one behind the other 204 are called print head series 208 designated. The following are broken print head rows 208 and continuous printhead rows 208 described. In the special case of a print head that extends over the entire working width 204 should this also as a print head row 208 apply, in particular as a continuous print head row 208 .

Usually such are single printheads 204 do not have jets up to the edge of their housing. Therefore, preferably at least two and more preferably exactly two are in the transverse direction A. extending printhead rows 208 along the for the substrate 02 provided transport path offset from one another. Such printhead rows 208 are for example interrupted print head rows 208 . In each case two such, in particular interrupted, print head rows 208 together form a double row of print heads 204 . By arranging the print heads appropriately 204 of the two interrupted rows of printheads 208 is preferably the entire working width of the printing machine 01 and / or the at least one first printing unit 200 from nozzles of the printheads 204 reachable. Preferred are in a direction orthogonal to the transverse direction A. , especially in the direction of transport T along the intended transport path of the printing material 02 and / or in the circumferential direction based on the at least one central cylinder 201 several rows of printheads 208 , more preferably at least four double rows and even more preferably at least eight double rows of print heads 204 arranged one after the other.

Each nozzle is preferably a clearly defined target area on the direction A. the width of the substrate web 02 and preferably in the transverse direction A. related and preferably to the direction A. especially the axis of rotation 202 of the at least one first central cylinder 201 related assigned. Each target area of a nozzle is preferably clearly defined at least in the printing mode. Each target area of a nozzle is preferred, in particular in relation to the circumferential direction of the at least one first central cylinder 201 at least clearly defined in the printing company. In particular, a target area of a nozzle is that, in particular, essentially rectilinear spatial area which extends from this nozzle in an ejection direction of this nozzle. An impingement area is preferably an area that allows printing fluid to come into contact with the printing material 02 is provided, in particular for drops of pressure fluid with the Substrate 02 . Every nozzle of every printhead 204 an impact area is preferably assigned, in particular in a direct inkjet printing process. A point of impact of a printhead 204 is preferably a sum of all impact areas of nozzles of this print head 204 . A job site 203 is preferably a sum of impact areas of, in particular, functionally combined print heads 204 that together cover the entire working width of the printing machine 01 overstretch. In the case of pairs of interrupted print head rows designed as double rows 208 is an order office 203 preferably a sum of impact areas of the print heads 204 that together form the double row.

A printing unit 200 can only have one pressure point, for example 207 include, for example for the color black. This preferably has at least one first printing unit 200 but we describe several pressure points 207 on. The pressure points 207 can be spatially directly adjacent to one another or else be spaced from one another, for example separated by color. Under the term of a pressure point 207 should also fall a section that - z. B. without interruption by another color - several successive application areas 203 has the same color. In the event of just one pressure point 207 this is the first and last print point at the same time 207 of the relevant printing unit 200 For example, in the case of an indirect inkjet printing process, there is a print point 207 a contact area between a transfer body and the printing material 02 .

This preferably has at least one first printing unit 200 at least one printhead 204 on, which is more preferred than at least one inkjet printhead 204 is trained. Any printhead 204 preferably has a plurality of nozzles from which drops of printing fluid, in particular ink drops, are ejected and / or can be ejected. This preferably has at least one first printing unit 200 at least one nozzle bar 206 on. A nozzle bar 206 is a component that is preferably at least 80% and more preferably at least 100% of the working width of the printing machine 01 extends and / or preferably as a carrier of the at least one print head 204 serves. There is, for example, a single nozzle bar or, preferably, several nozzle bars 206 per printing unit 200 arranged. It also preferably has at least one printing unit 200 at least three nozzle bars 206 on, even more preferably at least four nozzle bars 206 . The at least one first nozzle bar 206 extends preferably orthogonally to the intended transport path of the printing material 02 over the entire working width of the printing machine 01 , especially in the transverse direction A. .

Preferably, the at least one nozzle bar has 206 at least one printhead each 204 and preferably multiple print heads each 204 on. In the case where the at least one nozzle bar 206 only one printhead at a time 204 this printhead extends 204 preferably over an entire working width of the printing machine 01 . In the case where the at least one nozzle bar 206 multiple printheads each 204 these are printheads 204 preferably as at least one print head row 208 or more preferably as at least one double row of print heads 204 formed and extends the at least one print head row 208 or double row of printheads 204 preferably over an entire working width of the printing machine 01 . In the case of a double row of print heads 204 is the at least one row of nozzles of the respective nozzle bar 206 preferably on at least two interrupted rows of print heads 208 divided up. The at least one nozzle bar 206 preferably has at least one row of nozzles. The at least one row of nozzles faces in the axial direction A. viewed preferably over the entire working width of the printing machine 01 and / or width of the barrel of the at least one first central cylinder 201 nozzle openings at regular intervals, for example.

Preferably, the at least one nozzle bar has 206 in the conveying direction of a printing material guide and / or in the circumferential direction with respect to the at least one first central cylinder 201 several rows of nozzles. Each print head preferably has 204 a plurality of nozzles, which are more preferably in a matrix of several rows in the transverse direction A. and / or several columns, preferably in the conveying direction of the printing material feed and / or in the circumferential direction of the at least one first central cylinder 201 are arranged, such columns are arranged, for example, obliquely to the conveying direction of the printing material guide and / or the circumferential direction, for example by a resolution of a print image 03 to increase.

The at least one printhead 204 works to generate ink droplets preferably according to the drop-on-demand process, in which ink droplets are specifically generated when required. Preferably, at least one heating element is used per nozzle, which generates an evaporation of pressurized fluid within a reservoir. Alternatively, at least one piezo element is used per nozzle, which when a voltage is applied can reduce a volume filled with printing ink by a certain proportion at high speed.

A conveyor line, in particular a conveyor line for printing material 02 preferably includes those devices that provide a transport path for the printing material 02 set, for example Rollers, cylinders, guide elements and the like. A conveyor section of the at least one first printing unit 200 that extends from one along the for the substrate 02 intended transport route first printing point 207 of the at least one first printing unit 200 up to one along the for the substrate 02 intended transport route last printing point 207 of the at least one first printing unit 200 extends, is used as the printing line of the at least one first printing unit 200 designated. The intended transport path is that area of space that the printing material 02 in the event of his presence, in particular in a regular printing company, would possibly take. The conveying path of the at least one first printing unit 200 preferably comprises those devices that make the transport path through the at least one first printing unit 200 set, in particular both the intended transport route regardless of the presence of the printing material 02 as well as the actual transport route when the substrate is present 02 . The part of the intended transport path for the printing material determined by the printing path 02 is referred to as the printing section of the intended transport route.

This preferably has at least one printing unit 200 along the printing section of the for printing material 02 provided transport path on a support point or several support points. Support points are preferably characterized in that at support points the intended transport path with respect to its transport direction T influenced, for example changed. These support points are defined, for example, by respective guide elements. In the case of a central cylinder 201 this has at least one first printing unit 200 for example only the central cylinder 201 as a supporting point defining guide element 201 on. Guiding elements 201 and / or the central cylinder 201 are preferably part of the substrate guide. Guide elements are preferably those devices that are used for the printing material 02 Limiting and redirecting the intended transport path and especially in the case of the presence of the printing material 02 preferably at least partially with the printing material 02 stay in contact.

The printing press preferably has 01 in addition to the at least one first printing unit 200 at least a first dryer 351 on, being the axial direction A. parallel to the axis of rotation 202 at least one guide element 201 for printing material 02 within the at least one first printing unit 200 is oriented. The at least one guide element 201 is for example at least one roller and / or at least one rod and / or at least one cylinder. Such a cylinder is used, for example, in the case of a first printing unit operating according to the offset printing process 200 a forme cylinder in question. This is preferably at least one guide element 201 the at least one central cylinder 201 . The axial direction A. is for example parallel to an axis of rotation of at least one central cylinder 201 .

The at least one first dryer preferably has 351 at least three, more preferably at least five, more preferably at least seven, even more preferably at least ten and even more preferably at least fifteen energy output devices 352 each at least one radiation source 353 exhibit. For example, each energy delivery device 352 exactly one radiation source 353 on. In another embodiment, each energy delivery device 352 at least two or more radiation sources 353 on. The at least three energy output devices preferably have 352 respective areas of action that are in the axial direction A. are at least partially offset from one another. The area of the at least one energy output device is used as the area of action above and below 352 described, in which an at least partial drying takes place. The at least one waveguide preferably comprises 362 the respective area of action. The at least one energy delivery device 352 preferably extends over the entire working width of the printing machine 01 . Several energy delivery devices 352 are in the working width and the transverse direction A. arranged offset in such a way that the individual areas of action of the respective energy output devices 352 together at least the entire working width of the printing machine 01 cover at least once.

Preferably the dryer stands out 351 alternatively or additionally in that at least one of the radiation sources 353 or more preferably a plurality of the radiation sources 353 or even more preferably each of the radiation sources 353 a radiation source 353 for the controlled and / or regulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range of the electromagnetic spectrum and / or in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum, in particular in the near infrared range, and / or in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum and / or in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The electromagnetic radiation by means of at least one radiation source is preferred 353 , preferably at least one generator 353 for high-frequency waves, for example at least one microwave generator 353 , for example at least one magnetron 353 , generated. It preferably has at least one magnetron 353 a power between 300 W (three hundred watts) and 100 kW (one hundred kilowatts), the operating frequency preferably between 0.5 GHz (zero point five gigahertz) and 300 GHz (three hundred gigahertz).

The electromagnetic radiation that may be used accordingly preferably has at least one wavelength which is in the range between 100 nm (one hundred nanometers) and 1 m (one meter) and which is more preferably, for example, in the ultraviolet range ( 10 nm to 380 nm, ten nanometers to three hundred and eighty nanometers) and / or in the visible range ( 380 nm to 780 nm, three hundred and eighty nanometers to seven hundred and eighty nanometers) and / or in the infrared range ( 780 nm to 1 mm, seven hundred and eighty nanometers to one millimeter), especially in the near infrared range ( 780 nm to 3 µm, seven hundred and eighty nanometers to three micrometers) and / or in the microwave range ( 1 mm to 1 m, one millimeter to one meter) of the electromagnetic spectrum lies or lie. The electromagnetic radiation that may be used also preferably has at least one wavelength which is in the range between 8 cm (eight centimeters) and 35 cm (sixteen centimeters). The radiation more preferably has a frequency, preferably a resonance frequency, of a dipole molecule, in particular of water. The radiation of the resonance frequency in water is 2450 MHz (two thousand four hundred and fifty megahertz), which results in a wavelength of approx.12.2 cm (twelve point two centimeters), or 915 MHz (nine hundred and fifteen megahertz), which results in a wavelength of approx. 7 cm (thirty-two point seven centimeters) equals.

At least one of the at least three energy output devices is preferred 352 independently of at least one other of the at least three energy output devices 352 operable. A plurality of the at least three energy output devices is also preferred 352 independently of at least a plurality of the other of the at least three energy output devices 352 operable. Each of the at least three energy output devices is even more preferred 352 independent of all other of the at least three energy delivery devices 352 operable.

Operability is to be understood in particular as being able to be activated and / or deactivated and / or controlled and / or regulated. In this context, independence means in particular that the intensities of at least two different energy output devices 352 to the substrate 02 emitted and / or emitted radiation in their simultaneously occurring time course for different energy emitting devices 352 are individually controllable and / or regulatable running differently. At least such energy output devices are preferred 352 can be operated independently of one another, the areas of action of which are also arranged offset to one another.

The at least one dryer is preferred 351 regarding the for printing material 02 intended transport route as close as possible to a last place of application 203 of the corresponding first printing unit 200 arranged. For example, is with respect to a plurality of application sites 203 in each case directly after this respective order point 203 and in front of the next order point 203 at least a dryer 351 arranged. By arranging a respective first gas outlet nozzle 354 and a respective first gas discharge device 356 the influence of gas flows on the respective area between application points is preferred 203 limited and at the job sites 203 itself has no influence on gas flows and thus, for example, in the case of inkjet print heads 204 reduces the risk of inadvertently deflected drops of the printing fluid.

Along the transport path of the substrate web 02 is for example at least a second printing unit 400 arranged. The transport route of the substrate web 02 through the at least one second printing unit 400 preferably runs analogously to the transport path through the at least one first printing unit 200 . Within the at least one second printing unit 400 are preferably several print heads 402 on the second central cylinder 401 aligned. At least one second printing unit 400 is preferably analogous to the at least one first printing unit 200 , in particular with regard to at least one nozzle bar 403 , at least one, as an ink jet print head 402 trained printhead 402 and their arrangement in double rows, the execution and resolution of the printing process, the arrangement, alignment and control of the nozzles and the mobility and adjustability of the at least one nozzle bar 403 and the at least one printhead 402 means of at least one adjustment mechanism with a corresponding electric motor. Regarding the transport route of the substrate web 02 is after the at least one second printing unit 400 and / or after at least one application point 203 of the at least one second printing unit 400 preferably at least a second dryer 351 or pre-dryer 351 and then the at least one second after-dryer 331 the at least one dryer unit 300 arranged. The structure of the at least one second dryer 351 preferably resembles the structure of the at least one first dryer 351 . The structure of the at least one second after-dryer 331 preferably resembles the structure of the at least one first after-dryer 301 . The first dryer 351 and / or the second dryer 331 are, for example, relatively close to a respective application site 203 arranged. From a functional point of view, however, it is after the corresponding printing unit 200 ; 400 arranged, even if it may be spatially seen closely adjacent and / or mounted on the same frame.

The at least one dryer preferably has 351 at least one first gas outlet nozzle 354 on that along the for the substrate 02 provided transport path in one for the printing material 02 intended transport direction T viewed after the area of action, at least one of the at least three energy output devices 352 is arranged. The at least one first gas outlet nozzle is preferred 354 designed as at least one slot nozzle. The at least one first gas outlet nozzle preferably has 354 an exit direction C. which has at least one component that is opposite to that of one of the at least one first gas outlet nozzle 354 next position for the substrate 02 intended transport route intended transport direction T for printing material 02 is oriented. One on a respective one of the at least one first gas outlet nozzle 354 The related comparison direction is preferably a direction that of a transport direction T at one of these first gas outlet nozzles 354 next position for the substrate 02 provided transport path is directed exactly in the opposite direction, in particular that runs antiparallel to it. The respective exit direction also preferably deviates C. the at least one first gas outlet nozzle 354 from the respective comparison direction of this respective one of the at least one first gas outlet nozzle 354 by at most 15 °, more preferably at most 10 °, even more preferably at most 5 ° and even more preferably at most 1 °.

The printing press is preferred 01 alternatively or additionally in that the at least one dryer 351 at least one first gas discharge device 356 having along the for the printing material 02 intended transport route for the substrate 02 intended transport direction T seen in front of the at least one first gas outlet nozzle 354 and more preferably in this transport direction T seen in front of the area of action at least one and for example all of the at least three energy output devices 352 is arranged. The at least one gas discharge device 356 is preferred as at least one actively acting gas discharge device 356 and / or suction device 356 educated. Alternatively or additionally, there is at least one first gas discharge device 356 preferably as at least one passively acting gas discharge device 356 and / or as at least one guide surface 356 educated.

The printing press is preferred 01 alternatively or additionally in that along the for the printing material 02 intended transport route for the substrate 02 intended transport direction T seen after the at least one first gas outlet nozzle 354 at least one second gas outlet nozzle is arranged and that further preferably along that for the printing material 02 intended transport route for the substrate 02 intended transport direction T seen between the at least one first gas outlet nozzle 354 and at least one second gas discharge device is arranged in the at least one second gas outlet nozzle. The at least one second gas outlet nozzle is preferably designed in exactly the same way as the at least one first gas outlet nozzle 354 . The at least one second gas discharge device is preferably designed in the same way as the at least one first gas discharge device 356 .

The printing press is preferred 01 alternatively or additionally in that along the for the printing material 02 intended transport route for the substrate 02 intended transport direction T seen after the at least one second gas outlet nozzle, at least one third gas outlet nozzle is arranged and that further preferably along the line for the printing material 02 intended transport route for the substrate 02 intended transport direction T seen between the at least one second gas outlet nozzle and the at least one third gas outlet nozzle, at least one third gas discharge device is arranged. The at least one third gas outlet nozzle is preferably designed in exactly the same way as the at least one first gas outlet nozzle 354 and / or the at least one second gas outlet nozzle. The at least third gas discharge device is preferably designed in the same way as the at least one first gas discharge device 356 and / or like the at least one second gas discharge device.

The printing press is preferred 01 alternatively or additionally in that at least two, more preferably at least three, even more preferably at least five, even more preferably at least seven, even more preferably at least ten and even more preferably at least fifteen first gas outlet nozzles 354 are arranged, their respective areas of action in the axial direction A. are at least partially offset from one another. The same applies analogously to the second and third gas outlet nozzles. An offset arrangement is to be understood in particular to mean that one points in the axial direction A. related center point of the corresponding gas outlet nozzle 354 in the direction of the offset is at a distance from a corresponding center point of a corresponding first, second or third gas outlet nozzle arranged offset thereto 354 .

Each energy output device preferably has 352 at least one radiation source 353 in indirect contact with at least one resonator 366 on. The at least one area of action of the respective energy output device is preferred 352 between the at least one radiation source 353 and the at least one resonator 366 arranged. Each energy output device preferably has 352 between the at least one radiation source 353 and the area of action at least one circulator 364 and / or at least one automatic tuner 363 on.

The at least one radiation source 353 and the at least one resonator 366 are arranged so that a wave, preferably a standing wave, in which at least one waveguide 362 can be generated. The resonator is preferably located 366 for this purpose inside the at least one waveguide 362 . The at least one radiation source 353 is preferably on the opposite side in direct and / or indirect contact of the at least one waveguide 362 arranged so that is preferred throughout the waveguide 362 , more preferably at least in the area of action, propagate electromagnetic waves.

The at least one resonator 366 or cavity resonator 366 comprises at least one short-circuit slide, preferably made of a material that reflects electromagnetic waves, preferably aluminum. The short-circuit slide is preferably at more than half the operating frequency of the at least one radiation source 353 designed to be displaceable. The short-circuit slide is preferably arranged in such a way that a wave, preferably a standing wave, is at least partially in the at least one waveguide 362 , more preferably at least in the area of action.

The at least one automatic tuner 363 is preferably between the at least one waveguide 362 and / or the at least one radiation source 353 arranged. The at least one automatic tuner 363 has, for example, three capacitive pins for automatic impedance matching at a distance of preferably a quarter wavelength each A. of electromagnetic radiation.

The at least one circulator 364 is preferably between the at least one radiation source 353 and at least one automatic tuner 363 arranged. The at least one circulator 364 has a first input, for example 367 through which the radiation from the at least one radiation source 353 entrance and a second entrance 368 from which the input radiation emerges. Reflected radiation from the area affected by the second entrance 368 occurs, is in the direction of at least one exit 369 distracted. At least one exit 369 then a reflection-free conclusion is preferred 371 arranged, which is filled with a radiation-absorbing, more preferably microwave-absorbing medium, for example water.

The at least one waveguide 362 is designed as a hollow body with, for example, six side walls, preferably with a rectangular cross section. There is preferably at least one waveguide 362 made of a material reflecting electromagnetic waves, in particular metal, preferably aluminum. The reflection, in particular the degree of reflection of the radiation, of the at least one waveguide 362 should be at least 40%, preferably at least 60%, in particular at least 75%. Such a reflection can be achieved in particular with an aluminum surface. For example, the reflection of an aluminum-coated surface can be approximately 80% or more. At least one side wall has a radiation entrance 365 , for example over parts of the side wall, preferably over the entire side wall, for the electromagnetic waves of the at least one radiation source that is in at least indirect contact 353 , on. The wall thickness of the at least one waveguide is preferred 362 a maximum of 1 cm, more preferably a maximum of 0.5 cm.

The at least one waveguide 362 has a length L362 a depth T362 and a height H362 on. The length L362 is preferably the length of the longest edge in one direction x . The depth T362 is preferably the length of a further edge in one direction y and preferably orthogonal to the direction x . In a first embodiment the direction spans x and the direction y a plane on that is parallel to another plane that runs through the transverse direction A. and the direction of transport T is stretched, runs. The height H362 of the at least one waveguide 362 is preferably the length of the edge, which is preferably orthogonal to the plane passing through the direction x and the direction y is stretched is. Preferably form the directions y , Direction x and direction z a Cartesian coordinate system. The height H362 of the at least one waveguide 362 is, for example, 45 mm to 80 mm at a radiation frequency of the at least one radiation source 353 of 2450 MHz (two thousand four hundred and fifty megahertz) and 60 mm to 150 mm with a radiation frequency of the at least one radiation source 353 MHz (three hundred fifty-three megahertz) of 915 MHz (nine hundred and fifteen megahertz).

On at least one side wall of the at least one waveguide 362 there is at least one entrance opening 372 with a length L372 and a height H372 , preferably a slot. On the opposite side wall and / or the at least one inlet opening 372 opposite is at least one exit opening 375 also with a length L375 and a height H375 . Is preferably in a training of the at least one waveguide 362 with several overflows over the working width, for example with a meandering design of the at least one waveguide, with each overflow over the working width at least one inlet opening 372 and at least one exit port 375 . With a continuous entrance opening 372 is any overflow across the working width as an additional entrance opening 372 to see.

The at least one entrance opening 372 and / or the at least one outlet opening 375 are geometrically through a cutout on the respective side wall of the at least one waveguide 362 educated. This cutout includes an outer surface 374 ; 377 on the outer wall of the at least one waveguide 362 and an inner surface 373 ; 376 on the inner wall of the at least one waveguide 362 with the same curvature and / or with the same directional extent as the rest of the side wall. For example, the inner surface lies 373 ; 376 with a rectangular cross section in the plane of the extent of the inner wall of the at least one waveguide 362 . In particular in the case of an oval and / or circular cross-section, the inner surface has 373 ; 376 the corresponding curvature of the remaining inner wall of the at least one waveguide 362 . The at least one inner surface is preferred 373 the at least one entrance opening 372 and the at least one inner surface 376 the at least one exit opening 375 same size. The at least one outer surface is further preferred 374 the at least one entrance opening 372 and the at least one outer surface 377 the at least one exit opening 375 same size. The height H372 and / or the height H375 is for example between 1 mm and 50 mm (one to fifty millimeters), preferably between 3 mm and 12 mm (three millimeters and twelve millimeters), more preferably between 5 mm and 7 mm (five millimeters and seven millimeters). A direction parallel to a straight line connecting a centroid S373 the at least one inner surface 373 the at least one entrance opening 372 with a centroid S376 the inner surface 376 the at least one exit opening 375 forms with a direction parallel to the length L372 the one entrance opening 372 and / or parallel to the length L375 the at least one exit opening 375 at least one level E. .

The length L372 the at least one entrance opening 372 corresponds to the length of the longest edge of the respective entrance opening 372 . The length L375 the at least one exit opening 375 corresponds to the length of the longest edge of the exit opening 375 .

The length L372 and / or the length L375 are preferably parallel to the transverse direction A. oriented. The height H372 and / or the height H375 correspond to the maximum of the normal distances to the baseline of the length L372 and / or the length L375 the at least one entrance opening 372 and / or the at least one outlet opening 375 . The at least one height is preferred H372 and / or the height H375 the at least one entrance opening 372 and / or exit opening 375 orthogonal to the transport direction T and / or orthogonal to the transverse direction A. . The at least one inlet opening is preferred 372 and / or the at least one outlet opening 375 arranged centrally on the respective side surface. The center of gravity is further preferred S373 the respective inner surface 373 the entrance opening 372 and / or the centroid S376 the inner surface 376 the exit opening 375 in the center of gravity of the respective side surface. The at least one entrance opening 372 and / or the at least one outlet opening 375 are at least big enough that the substrate 02 through the entrance opening 372 and / or exit opening 375 can be passed through. For example, the length and / or the length extends L372 over at least 80% of the length L362 of the at least one waveguide 362 . Length is preferred L372 the at least one entrance opening 372 and / or the length L375 the at least one exit opening 375 maximum 3 m (three meters). More preferably have several waveguides 362 side by side across the working width in the transverse direction A. the lengths L372 and or L375 adds up to a maximum of 3 m (three meters).

In a further embodiment, the at least one waveguide is 362 formed with an oval cross-section or circular cross-section. The direction x in this case is preferably parallel to the axial direction and the length L362 of the respective waveguide 362 the length of the axial direction of the at least one waveguide 362 . The center of gravity S374 the outer surface 374 the at least one entrance opening 372 and / or a centroid S377 the outer surface 377 the at least one exit opening 375 are preferably arranged diametrically on the lateral surface.

In a preferred embodiment, the at least one waveguide has 362 a slope with at least one angle of inclination a opposite the at least one entrance opening 372 and / or the at least one outlet opening 375 on. The at least one angle of inclination a is preferably a maximum of 45 °, more preferably a maximum of 35 °. The at least one angle of inclination a lies between a direction that is parallel to the length L372 the at least one entrance opening 372 and / or the length L375 the at least one exit opening 375 and the direction x of the at least one waveguide 362 . The length L372 the at least one entrance opening 372 and / or the length L375 the at least one exit opening 375 extend at least partially, more preferably, completely over the respective side wall and / or the lateral surface of the at least one waveguide 362 . The at least one waveguide 362 in this embodiment is mechanically separated by the at least one inlet opening 372 and / or the at least one outlet opening 375 before, wherein the distance of the at least one mechanically separated waveguide 354 preferred the height H362 the at least one entrance opening 372 and / or the at least one outlet opening 375 corresponds. In this embodiment, the at least one is a resonator 366 and the at least one radiation source which is indirectly in contact 353 each on the other side passing through at least one level E. are separated, arranged.

The at least one inlet opening is preferred 372 and / or the at least one outlet opening 375 at least one reinforcement device 379 made of a material reflecting electromagnetic waves, for example a metal, preferably made of aluminum. The material of the at least one reinforcement device 379 exhibits at least the same reflection behavior of electromagnetic waves as the material of the at least one waveguide 362 on. The at least one reinforcement device preferably has 379 at least a first effective surface 380 , more preferably at least one further second active surface 381 on. The at least one first active surface 380 and / or the at least one second active surface 381 is at the at least one entrance opening 372 and / or the at least one outlet opening 375 appropriate. In a preferred embodiment, the at least one first active surface is 380 and / or the second active surface 381 arranged parallel and / or opposite one another. The at least one reinforcement device preferably extends 379 at least over part of the length L372 and / or over parts of the height H372 the at least one entrance opening 372 and / or at least over parts of the length L375 and / or over parts of the height H375 the at least one exit opening 375 . The at least one reinforcement device preferably extends 379 over the entire length L372 and / or height H372 the at least one entrance opening 372 and / or over the entire length L375 and / or height H375 the at least one exit opening 375 . The at least one reinforcement device 379 has at least a first length Li379 that protrudes inward, and at least a second length La379 that protrudes outwards.

The at least a first length Li379 the at least one reinforcement device 379 with at least one effective surface 380 , more preferably at least two active surfaces 380 ; 381 , is at least 5% of the depth T362 of the at least one waveguide 362 , preferably at least 10% of the depth T362 of the at least one waveguide 362 , more preferably at least 20% of the depth T362 of the at least one waveguide 362 , inwards into the at least one waveguide 362 arranged protruding. The at least a second length La379 the at least one reinforcement device 379 , with at least one effective surface 380 , more preferably two active surfaces 380 ; 381 , protrudes at least 5% from the depth T362 of the at least one waveguide 362 , preferably at least 10% of the depth T362 of the at least one waveguide 362 , more preferably at least 20% of the depth T362 of the at least one waveguide 362 , outward.

In the preceding and following is with the length Li379 into the interior of the at least one waveguide 362 is arranged protruding, the length of a perpendicular line on one of the inner surfaces 373 ; 376 summarized. The at least one perpendicular line runs from one of the inner surfaces 373 ; 376 through the center of gravity S373 ; S376 the respective inner surface 373 ; 376 into the interior of the respective waveguide 362 . In the preceding and in the following is with the length La379 that protrudes outwards is the length of a perpendicular line on one of the outer surfaces 374 ; 377 Are defined. The at least one perpendicular line runs from one of the outer surfaces 374 ; 377 through the center of gravity S374 ; S377 the respective outer surface 374 ; 377 outwards from the respective waveguide 362 .

If there are several energy delivery devices 352 directly next to each other, for example in contact with the at least one waveguide lying next to one another 362 , is the at least one reinforcement device 379 preferably inward into the interior of the at least one waveguide 362 arranged protruding. The at least one reinforcement device is further preferred 379 only on the two outermost waveguides 362 , on the side without an adjacent waveguide 362 , arranged protruding outwards.

In a preferred embodiment, the at least one energy output device has 352 , in particular the at least one waveguide 362 , at least a shield 382 on. In one embodiment, the shield is 382 , preferably an electromagnetic wave absorbing material, preferably graphite, for example a porous graphite plate, directly at the at least one inlet opening 372 and / or at least one outlet opening 375 of the at least one waveguide 362 appropriate. The material of the shield 382 is preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 75%, more preferably at least 80%, of the incident radiation from the at least one radiation source 353 arranged absorbing.

The at least one shield is preferred 382 at least over part of the length L372 and / or the length L375 and / or the height H372 and / or the height H375 , more preferably over the entire length L372 and / or the entire length L375 and / or the entire height H372 and / or the entire height H375 , appropriate. In a further preferred embodiment, the shield is 382 outside of the at least one reinforcement device 379 attached and extends the outwardly protruding reinforcement device 379 further. If there are several energy delivery devices 352 directly next to each other, for example in contact with the at least one waveguide lying next to one another 362 , is the shield 382 preferably only on the two outermost hollow ladders 362 , on the side without an adjacent waveguide 362 , appropriate.

In addition or as an alternative, a further shield is used 383 directly outside on the at least one waveguide 362 attached and for example by at least one shielding housing 383 that on the at least one waveguide 362 is attached, trained. At least one shielding case 383 is in the transverse direction A. on the at least one side surface and / or the jacket surface with the at least one inlet opening 372 and / or at least one outlet opening 375 of the at least one waveguide 362 appropriate. The at least one more shield 383 has a material in which the reflection, in particular the degree of reflection, of the electromagnetic waves differs by less than 20% from the reflection of the material of the at least one waveguide 362 differs. There is preferably at least one further shield 383 made of aluminium. The shield case 383 has at least a first shield housing opening 384 and / or at least one second shielding housing opening 385 that of at least one entrance opening 372 and / or the at least one outlet opening 375 of the at least one waveguide 362 opposite is on. In a preferred embodiment, at least the one first shielding housing has opening 383 at least one guide element 386 on. The at least one guide element 386 has for example a roller 386 for the substrate 02 through the dryer 351 on. The at least one shield housing opening 383 preferably has at most the same size as the at least one inlet opening 372 and / or the at least one outlet opening 375 on. In particular, there is a cross-sectional area of the at least one shielding housing opening 383 preferably the same size as the inner surface 376 and / or the at least one outer surface 377 the at least one entrance opening 372 and / or at most the same size as the at least one inner surface 376 and / or the at least one outer surface 377 the at least one exit opening 375 of the at least one waveguide 362 . In a preferred embodiment, the at least one first shielding housing opening is 384 , further preferably also the at least one second shielding housing opening 385 , further through the use of at least one shielding plate 387 and / or at least one further shielding roller 387 reduced by at least 20%. If there are several energy delivery devices 352 right next to each other in the transverse direction A. arranged offset to one another, for example in contact with the adjacent at least one waveguide 362 , is the further shielding 383 preferably only on the two outermost hollow ladders 362 with respect to the transverse direction A. , on the side without an adjacent waveguide 362 , appropriate.

The at least one energy delivery device 352 , more preferably the at least three energy output devices 352 , are in the axial direction A. at least partially offset from one another in such a way that the at least one inlet opening 372 and / or the at least one outlet opening 375 of the at least one waveguide 362 and cover at least parts, more preferably the entire working width. The at least one resonator 366 and / or the at least indirect contact with a radiation source 353 is preferably located on the other side of the plane E. .

In a first partial process of the first drying process designed as an irradiation process, preference is given to at least three, more preferably at least five, even more preferably at least seven, even more preferably at least ten and even more preferably at least fifteen different, each at least one radiation source 353 having energy delivery devices 352 of the at least one first dryer 351 in a controlled and / or regulated manner electromagnetic radiation in the direction of the printing material 02 sent out and more preferably to the printing material 02 and / or dispensed the pressurized fluid. As described, the at least three energy output devices have 352 preferably respective areas of action on the one in relation to the transport direction T orthogonal axial direction A. are at least partially offset from one another. The intensities of at least two different energy output devices are preferred 352 in the direction of the substrate 02 sent out and more preferably to the printing material 02 and / or the radiation emitted by pressure fluid in its simultaneously occurring time course for different of the energy emitting devices 352 running differently individually controlled and / or regulated.

List of reference symbols

01

Printing machine, inkjet printing machine, roll printing machine, roll inkjet printing machine

02

Printing material, printing material web, paper web, textile web, foil, plastic film, metal foil

03

Print image

100

Printing material source, roll unwinding device, roll changer

101

Substrate roll

102

Axis of rotation ( 101 )

200

Printing unit, inkjet printing unit, first

201

Printing central cylinder, central cylinder, first, guide element, first

202

Axis of rotation ( 201 )

203

Order office

204

Imaging device, printhead, inkjet printhead, first

205

-

206

Nozzle bar, first

207

Pressure point

208

Printhead row

300

Dryer unit

301

Post dryer, first

331

Post dryer, second

351

Dryer main dryer, pre-dryer, first; Dryer main dryer, pre-dryer, second

352

Energy delivery device

353

Radiation source, generator, microwave generator, magnetron

354

Gas outlet nozzle, first

355

-

356

Gas discharge device, suction device, guide surface, first

357

-

358

-

359

-

360

-

361

-

362

Waveguide

363

Tuner, automatically

364

Circulator

365

Radiation input

366

Resonator, cavity resonator

367

Entrance, first

368

Entrance, second

369

output

370

-

371

Degree, reflection-free

372

Entrance opening

373

Inner surface ( 372 )

374

Outer surface ( 372 )

375

Exit opening

376

Inner surface ( 375 )

377

Outer surface ( 375 )

378

-

379

Reinforcement device

380

Effective area, first

381

Effective area, second

382

shielding

383

Shielding, further, shielding housing

384

Shield case opening, first

385

Shielding housing opening, second

386

Guide element, roller

387

Shielding plate

400

Printing unit, second

401

Printing central cylinder, central cylinder, second

402

Printhead, inkjet printhead, second

403

Nozzle bar, second

404

Axis of rotation

500

Post-processing device, folding device, winding device, sheet cutter, flat delivery

A.

Direction, axial, transverse direction, axial

C.

Exit direction ( 354 )

T

Transport direction

a

Inclination angle

x

direction

y

direction

z

direction

S373

Centroid

S374

Centroid

S376

Centroid

S377

Centroid

Li379

Length inside

La379

Length outside

L362

length

H362

height

T362

depth

L372

length

H372

height

L375

length

H375

height

E.

level

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 102015204980 A1 [0008]
• DE 4433904 A1 [0009]
• EP 1738916 A1 [0010]

Claims (29)

Device for at least partial drying of a printing material (02), consisting of at least one dryer (351) with at least one energy output device (352) with at least one area of action, the at least one area of action being at least partially encompassed by at least one waveguide (362) and the at least one waveguide (362) is configured with at least one inlet opening (372) and / or at least one outlet opening (375) and wherein the at least one energy output device (352) comprises at least one radiation source (353), characterized in that at the at least one inlet opening (372) and / or the at least one outlet opening (375) of the at least one waveguide (362) at least one reinforcement device (379) with at least one first active surface (380) is attached. Device according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the at least one waveguide (362) has at least one angle of inclination (a) with a maximum of 45 ° opposite the at least one inlet opening (372) and / or the at least one outlet opening (375), the at least one angle of inclination (a) between a direction which runs parallel to a length (L372) of the at least one inlet opening (372) and / or to a length (L375) of the at least one outlet opening (375) and the direction (x) of the at least one waveguide (362). Device according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the at least one waveguide (362) is designed with a rectangular cross section or a circular cross section or an oval cross section. contraption Claim 1 or 2 or 3 , characterized in that a length (Li379) of the at least one reinforcement device (379) is arranged at least 5% from the depth (T362) of the at least one waveguide (362) inwardly into the at least one waveguide (362). Device according to Claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4th , characterized in that the length (Li379) of the at least one reinforcement device (379) is arranged at least 10% from the depth (T362) of the at least one waveguide (362) inwardly into the at least one waveguide (362). Device according to Claim 4 or 5 , characterized in that the length (Li379) is arranged protruding into the interior of the at least one waveguide (362), the length (Li379) defining the length of a perpendicular line on one of the inner surfaces (373; 376) and wherein the at least a perpendicular line runs from one of the inner surfaces (373; 376) through the center of gravity (S373; S376) of the respective inner surface (373; 376) into the interior of the respective waveguide (362), the inner surfaces (373; 376) starting from a cutout the inner wall of the at least one waveguide (362) is encompassed with the same curvature and / or with the same directional extent as the rest of the side wall. Device according to Claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4th or 5 or 6th , characterized in that at least one reinforcement device (379) with at least two active surfaces (380; 381) is attached to the at least one inlet opening (372) and / or at least one outlet opening (375) of the at least one waveguide (362). Device according to Claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4th or 5 or 6th or 7th , characterized in that the at least one first active surface (380) and the at least one second active surface (381) are arranged parallel and / or opposite one another. Device according to Claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4th or 5 or 6th or 7th or 8th , characterized in that the height (H372) of the at least one inlet opening (372) and / or the height (H375) of the at least one outlet opening (375) is between 1 mm and 50 mm (one millimeter and fifty millimeters). Device according to Claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4th or 5 or 6th or 7th or 8th or 9 , characterized in that the material of the at least one amplification device (379) has at least the same reflection behavior of electromagnetic waves as the material of the at least one waveguide (362), the reflection, in particular the degree of reflection, of the radiation of the at least one waveguide (362) is at least 40%. Device according to Claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4th or 5 or 6th or 7th 8 or 9 or 10, characterized in that the at least one reinforcement device (379) consists of aluminum. Device according to Claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4th or 5 or 6th or 7th or 8th or 9 or 10 or 11 , characterized in that the at least one energy output device (352) has at least one shield (382). Device according to Claim 12 , characterized in that in the case of several energy output devices (352) directly next to one another, for example upon contact with the adjacent one at least one waveguide (362), the shield (382) is preferably only attached to the two outermost waveguides (362), on the side without adjacent waveguides (362). Device according to Claim 12 or 13 , characterized in that the at least one shield (382) is attached to the outside of the at least one reinforcement device (379). Device according to Claim 12 or 13 or 14th , characterized in that the at least one shield (382) is attached directly to the at least one inlet opening (372) and / or the at least one outlet opening (375) subsequently. Device according to Claim 12 or 13 or 14th or 15th , characterized in that the material of the at least one shield (382) is arranged to be absorbent at least 50% of the incident radiation from the at least one radiation source (353). Device according to Claim 12 or 13 or 14th or 15th or 16 , characterized in that the at least one shield (382) consists of graphite. Device according to Claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4th or 5 or 6th or 7th or 8th or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12th or 13 or 14th or 15th or 16 or 17th , characterized in that at least one further shield (383) is attached to the outside of the at least one waveguide (362) and is designed as a shielding housing (383). Device according to Claim 18 , characterized in that the at least one further shield (383) in the case of several energy output devices (352) directly next to one another, for example when contacting the adjacent at least one waveguide (362), the further shield (383) only on the two outermost waveguides (362) , on the side without an adjacent waveguide (362). Device according to Claim 18 or 19th , characterized in that the at least one further shield (383) has a material in which the reflection of the electromagnetic waves, in particular the degree of reflection, of the material differs by less than 20% from the reflection of the material of the at least one waveguide (362) . Device according to Claim 18 or 19th or 20th , characterized in that the at least one further shield (383) consists of aluminum. Device according to Claim 18 or 19th or 20th or 21st , characterized in that the at least one shielding housing (383) has at least a first shielding housing opening (384) and / or a second shielding housing opening (385). Device according to Claim 22 , characterized in that the at least one first shielding housing opening (384) has at least one guide element (386), for example a roller (386), for the printing material (02) through the dryer (351). Device according to Claim 22 or 23 , characterized in that the at least one first shielding housing opening (384) and / or the at least one second shielding housing opening (385) is at least the same size as the at least one input opening (372) and / or the at least one output opening (375) of the at least one waveguide (362), wherein in particular a cross-sectional area of the at least one shielding housing opening (383) is preferably at most the same size as the inner surface (376) and / or the at least one outer surface (377) of the at least one inlet opening (372) and / or at most the same Size as the at least one inner surface (376) and / or the at least one outer surface (377) of the at least one outlet opening (375) of the at least one waveguide (362). Device according to Claim 22 or 23 or 24 , characterized in that the at least one first shielding housing opening (384) and / or the at least one second shielding housing opening (385) is reduced by at least 20% through the use of at least one shielding plate (387) and / or at least one further shielding roller (387) . Device according to Claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4th or 5 or 6th or 7th or 8th or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12th or 13 or 14th or 15th or 16 or 17th or 18th or 19th or 20th or 21st or 22nd or 23 or 24 or 25th , characterized in that the at least one resonator (366) and the at least one indirectly in contact radiation source (353) are each located on the other side of a plane (E). Device according to Claim 26 , characterized in that a direction parallel to a straight line connecting the center of gravity (S373) of the at least one inner surface (373) of the at least one inlet opening (372) with the centroid (S376) of the at least one inner surface (376) of the at least one outlet opening (375) forms with a direction parallel to the length (L375) of the one inlet opening (372) and / or the length (L375) of the at least one outlet opening (375) which forms the at least one plane (E). Device according to Claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4th or 5 or 6th or 7th or 8th or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12th or 13 or 14th or 15th or 16 or 17th or 18th or 19th or 20th or 21st or 22nd or 23 or 24 or 25th or 26th or 27 , characterized in that the at least one radiation source (353) has radiation with a frequency, preferably a resonance frequency, of a dipole molecule. Device according to Claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4th or 5 or 6th or 7th or 8th or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12th or 13 or 14th or 15th or 16 or 17th or 18th or 19th or 20th or 21st or 22nd or 23 or 24 or 25th or 26th or 27 or 28 , characterized in that the at least one radiation source (353) radiation with a resonance frequency of water of 2450 MHz (two thousand four hundred and fifty megahertz) with a wavelength of approximately 12.2 cm (twelve point two centimeters) or 915 MHz (nine hundred and fifteen megahertz) with a Has a wavelength of approximately 32.7 cm (thirty-two point seven centimeters).

Images