DE102018213274A1 - air conditioning - Google Patents

Abstract

Air conditioning unit with a device housing 1 with an exhaust air opening 11, supply air opening 12, exhaust air opening 13 and outside air opening 14, a supply air and exhaust air fan 21, 22, in recirculation mode of an outside air exhaust air flow (AU-FO) and exhaust air supply air flow (AB-ZU) one after the other and in the outside air operation of the exhaust air exhaust air flow (AB-FO) and outside air supply air flow (AU-ZU) cross-flow heat exchangers 31, 32 arranged one above the other with in the flow paths of the outside air supply air flow (AU-ZU) and the exhaust air exhaust air flow (AB-FO) Heat exchanger bypass flaps 81, 82 for transferring thermal energy between the air streams, a hybrid refrigeration system 5 with a compressor 50, an evaporator 55 and a condenser 52 and a water / water glycol refrigerant heat exchanger as a further condenser, a reheating device 9, a device for adiabatic Spray humidification 41, 42, flaps 61 - 64; 71, 72; 81, 82 for controlling the air flows and a device for regulating the humidity and temperature of at least some of the air flows.

Description

The invention relates to an air conditioner according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for operating such an air conditioner according to claim 10.

For the air conditioning of rooms with high internal heat loads, which are caused, for example, by electronic data processing systems, telephone exchanges and similar heat sources, air conditioning units are essential to ensure the operational readiness of these systems by regulating the temperature and humidity in the rooms to be air conditioned. Because of the year-round operation of the air conditioning units, considerable demands are still placed on the economy of these units, so that in addition to the mechanical cooling systems with condensers, evaporators and heat pipes, adiabatic spray humidification is used to reduce the energy consumption while primarily ensuring the air conditioning of the rooms with constant temperature and humidity for cooling and free cooling depending on the heat loads in the rooms to be air-conditioned and the external conditions.

In adiabatic spray humidification, moisture is added to the air flow to lower the room temperature to reduce the energy consumption while maintaining the capacity for air conditioning, heat is removed by evaporation and thus a cooling effect is achieved without the involvement of a refrigeration system. With free cooling, when the outside air temperatures are low, outside air is fed directly into the room to be air-conditioned and exhaust air is routed to the exhaust air, possibly with increased air throughput by increasing the speed of the fans.

In the DE 10 2017 202 250 A1 An air conditioner with a housing is proposed which has openings for outside air, supply air, exhaust air and exhaust air and in which air treatment devices such as filters, heat pumps and a refrigeration system with a condenser, evaporator and compressor are arranged. To generate outside air, recirculating air or mixed flows in and out of the room to be air-conditioned, a supply air fan is provided near the supply air connection and an exhaust air fan and a flap system with several individual flaps in the vicinity of the exhaust air connection that block the air flows through the air conditioner controls the way that the air flows can be guided through the air treatment devices or around the air treatment devices, the evaporator being arranged in the flow direction upstream of the supply air fan and the condenser of the refrigeration system in the flow direction upstream of the exhaust air fan.

In order to ensure effective temperature and humidity control of the room with high heat loads, in which people are at least temporarily, with high energy efficiency depending on the climatic conditions in the outdoor area, a two-stage counterflow heat exchanger for transferring thermal energy between an outdoor air and exhaust air flow is required and an exhaust air supply air flow in the recirculation mode of the air conditioning unit and a two-stage adiabatic spray humidification device in the flow path of the outside air exhaust air flow are provided, with which a two-stage transfer of thermal energy between the outside air exhaust air flow and the exhaust air supply air flow with a two-stage adiabatic spray humidification in the flow path of the outside air exhaust air flow This enables a graduated air conditioning of a room without the moisture in the exhaust air supply air flow being increased due to the adiabatic cooling of the outside air exhaust air flow and thus the humidity content in the room to be air-conditioned is adversely affected. Depending on the climatic conditions in the outside space and the heat loads occurring in the room to be air-conditioned, the room climate can be kept essentially constant with little energy consumption, including the counterflow heat exchanger and / or the adiabatic cooling, and an adequate fresh air supply for people in the room to be air-conditioned can be ensured become.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an air conditioner of the type mentioned at the outset which, with little production outlay and high energy efficiency as a function of the climatic conditions in the outside space, provides effective temperature and humidity control in a room with high thermal loads, in which people are at least temporarily guaranteed and can be operated all year round with the greatest possible economy.

This object is achieved by the features of claim 1.

The solution according to the invention provides an air conditioner which, with high energy efficiency as a function of the climatic conditions in the outside space, enables effective temperature and humidity control of a room with high heat loads, in which people are at least temporarily, and which can be operated all year round with great economy, since in the recirculation mode of the outside air exhaust air flow and exhaust air supply air flow one behind the other and in the outside air operation of the exhaust air exhaust air flow and outside air supply air flow arranged side by side Cross-flow heat exchangers with heat exchanger bypass flaps are arranged in the flow paths of the outside air supply air flow and the exhaust air exhaust air flow.

Preferably, first and second supply air bypass flaps are arranged next to one another and separately from one another at the air outlets of a first cross-flow heat exchanger, and first and second exhaust air bypass flaps are arranged next to one another and separately from one another at the air outlets of a second cross-flow heat exchanger, via which, in recirculating air operation, the outside air exhaust air flow and the exhaust air - Supply air flow, in recirculation mode for the controlled admixture of outside air in the extract air supply air flow and extract air in the outside air exhaust air flow and in outside air operation for free cooling of the outside air supply air flow and the extract air exhaust air flow in order to achieve the desired humidity and temperature in the room to be air-conditioned adjust. The first supply air bypass flap is in the flow direction of the exhaust air supply air flow behind a first outlet of the first cross-flow heat exchanger, the first exhaust air bypass flap in the flow direction of the outside air exhaust air flow is behind a first outlet of the second cross-flow heat exchanger having the second heat exchanger bypass flap, the second supply air Bypass valve in the flow direction of the exhaust air supply air flow behind a second outlet of the first cross-flow heat exchanger and the second exhaust air bypass valve in the flow direction of the outside air exhaust air flow is arranged behind a second outlet of the second cross-flow heat exchanger.

A first bypass flap passing the outside air exhaust air flow past the first and second crossflow heat exchangers between the exhaust air opening and the supply air opening of the device housing and a second bypass flap passing the exhaust air supply air flow past the first and second crossflow heat exchangers between the outside air opening and the exhaust air opening of the device housing enable recooling -Air air flow bypassing the cross-flow heat exchanger and ensure a reduction in pressure loss due to the bypassing of the air flow through the cross-flow heat exchanger with little recooling effect with and without mechanical cooling of the exhaust air supply air flow by activating the mechanical cooling if necessary.

A one-step direct adiabatic spray humidification in the flow path of the exhaust air flow before the inlet of the second cross-flow heat exchanger and a two-stage indirect adiabatic spray humidification in the flow path of the outside air exhaust air flow between the outlet of the first cross-flow heat exchanger and the inlet of the second cross-flow heat exchanger enables a thermodynamic treatment of the air flows by means of a very efficient Energy-saving adiabatic cooling for humidifying and pre-cooling the exhaust air flow when the outside air temperature is high compared to the supply air temperature.

Due to the arrangement of the exhaust air opening and the supply air opening on the one hand and the exhaust air opening and outside air opening on the other side on each side of the device housing and the exhaust air opening above the supply air opening and the exhaust air opening above the outside air opening, the air conditioner is suitable for use in computer systems because the supply air opening of the device housing is positioned in this way can that it that it opens into the space of a raised floor that accommodates electrical and electronic devices. This enables the air conditioner to be optimally connected to the conditions of a data center by removing warm air from the upper area of the room to be air-conditioned on one side of the air conditioner, introducing it directly into the upper area of the air conditioner and processing it there and then again in the lower area the room to be air-conditioned is supplied where a raised floor for receiving cooling air from the raised floor electrical and electronic devices is usually built. On the other side of the air conditioner, outside air is sucked in for lower cooling in the lower area and discharged as heated exhaust air from the air conditioner to the outside area in the upper area.

Mechanical cooling or dehumidification can be carried out using a conventional refrigeration system with an evaporator, compressor and condenser, as well as a further condenser for heating the supply air during dehumidification, or a combination register as a reheat in front of the supply air opening. Alternatively, a hybrid refrigeration system with a condenser, a cold water register and a hot water register or a combination register as a reheat for heating the supply air during dehumidification as well as a cold water and hot water circuit can be provided, which have a cold water and a hot water heat exchanger in the with the condenser and a Compressor-connected refrigerant circuit are integrated

For moisture control and mechanical cooling or post-cooling, the evaporator of a refrigeration system or the cold water register of a hybrid refrigeration system, the supply air fan and a reheating device as a condenser of a refrigeration system or as hot water register of a hybrid refrigeration system are preferably in the flow path directed from the outside air opening to the supply air opening behind the first cross-flow heat exchanger immediately before the supply air opening. The exhaust air fan and the condenser of the refrigeration system are arranged between the second cross-flow heat exchanger and the exhaust air opening.

Since in the course of climate change and the reduction of the greenhouse potential, an exit from refrigerants with fluorinated hydrocarbons is required, which have a direct global warming potential (GWP - Global Warming Potential) of 2500 and higher, but the alternative refrigerants with low GWP are easily combustible Air conditioning units with an integrated refrigeration system must take precautions that, in the event of a leak in the refrigeration system, rule out any risk to devices and persons in the rooms to be air-conditioned.

A further object of the present invention is therefore to provide an air conditioner of the type mentioned at the outset which, with high energy efficiency, ensures the highest level of operational safety while complying with regulatory requirements.

This object is achieved in that at least the condenser and the parts of the hybrid refrigeration system carrying the refrigerant, but preferably the entire hybrid refrigeration system, are arranged between the exhaust air fan and the exhaust air opening.

This arrangement of the hybrid refrigeration system ensures maximum efficiency and operational safety in compliance with regulatory requirements by cooling the supply air flow with cold water, a cold water / antifreeze mixture or brine, which is arranged with the parts of the hybrid that carry the refrigerant on the exhaust air side -Refrigeration system are generated so that, on the one hand, the use of a refrigerant enables efficient heat exchange, but at the same time it ensures that the refrigerant is blown out via the exhaust air in the event of a leak or accident, while, on the other hand, a cold water register on the supply air side ensures efficient cooling of the supply air all year round guaranteed. A monitoring device installed on the exhaust air side can also emit an optical and / or acoustic alarm in the event of a leak or accident.

• - mindestens einen Kompressor, der über eine ein Kältemittel führende Kältemittelleitung mit einem Kondensator verbunden ist,
• - einen die Kältemittelleitung mit einer Kaltwasserleitung thermisch koppelnden Kaltwasserwärmetauscher als Verdampfer, der über die Kaltwasserleitung mit dem Kaltwasserregister im Strömungsweg des Zuluftstromes verbunden ist, wobei der Verdampfer und die das Kältemittel führenden Teile der Hybrid-Kälteanlage im Strömungsweg des Fortluftstromes angeordnet sind, und
• - einen Warmwasserwärmetauscher als zusätzlichen Kondensator, der über eine Warmwasserleitung mit dem im Strömungsweg des Zuluftstromes angeordneten Warmwasserregister als Nacherwärmungseinrichtung verbunden ist.

The hybrid refrigeration system contains

• at least one compressor which is connected to a condenser via a refrigerant line carrying a refrigerant,
• - A cold water heat exchanger thermally coupling the refrigerant line with a cold water line as an evaporator, which is connected via the cold water line to the cold water register in the flow path of the supply air flow, the evaporator and the parts of the hybrid refrigeration system carrying the coolant being arranged in the flow path of the exhaust air flow, and
• - A hot water heat exchanger as an additional condenser, which is connected via a hot water pipe to the hot water register arranged in the flow path of the supply air flow as a reheating device.

All components of the refrigeration system are integrated in the air conditioner housing.

The configuration of an air conditioner described above enables operation of the air conditioner under different ambient conditions and setpoints of the temperature, the relative humidity and the CO ₂ content of the air in the room to be air-conditioned with the features of claims 16 to 29.

• 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Klimageräts mit einem Gerätegehäuse mit Außenluft-, Zuluft-, Abluft- und Fortluftanschlüssen, einem Fortluft- und Zuluftventilator, Kreuzstromwärmetauschern, adiabatischen Sprühbefeuchtungseinrichtungen, einem Kondensator, einem Kaltwasserregister oder Verdampfer und einer als Warmwasserregister, Kondensator oder Kombiregister ausgebildeten Nacherwärmungseinrichtung, sowie Klappen zur Steuerung der Luftströme;
• 2 das Klimagerät gemäß 1 mit einer Hybrid-Kälteanlage mit einem Kompressor und einem Kaltwasser- und Warmwassertauscher, an die der Kondensator, das Kaltwasserregister und die Nacherwärmungseinrichtung angeschlossen sind und
• 3 bis 11 in das Klimagerät gemäß 1 eingetragene Luftströme zur Klimatisierung eines Raumes bei unterschiedlichen Umgebungsbedingungen und Sollwerten der Temperatur und Luftfeuchtigkeit im zu klimatisierenden Raum.

Using the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing, for better understanding of the features and advantages of the air conditioning unit according to the invention, its configuration and several operating states for different ambient conditions and setpoints of the temperature and air humidity in the room to be air-conditioned are to be explained. Show it:

• 1 a schematic representation of an air conditioner with a device housing with outside air, supply air, exhaust air and exhaust air connections, an exhaust air and supply air fan, cross-flow heat exchangers, adiabatic spray humidification devices, a condenser, a cold water register or evaporator and a reheating device designed as a hot water register, condenser or combination register, and Flaps for controlling air flows;
• 2 the air conditioner according to 1 with a hybrid refrigeration system with a compressor and a cold water and hot water exchanger, to which the condenser, the cold water register and the reheating device are connected and
• 3 to 11 according to the air conditioner 1 Air flows entered to air-condition a room under different environmental conditions and setpoints of temperature and humidity in the room to be air-conditioned.

The schematic in 1 Air conditioner shown has a device housing 1 on that in the connection to the room to be air-conditioned an exhaust air opening 11 and one below the exhaust vent 11 arranged supply air opening 12 as well as an outside air opening to the outside 14 and one above the outside air vent 14 arranged exhaust air opening 13 having. Via the exhaust air opening 11 becomes an exhaust air flow FROM discharged from the room to be air-conditioned while via the supply air opening 12 on supply air flow TO is supplied to the room to be air-conditioned. An exhaust air flow FO passes through the exhaust air opening 13 to the outside while via the outside air opening 14 an outside air flow AU is supplied to the air conditioner. By arranging the exhaust air opening 11 and supply air opening 12 on one side and the exhaust air opening 13 and outside air opening 14 on the other side of the device housing 1 and the positioning of the supply air opening 12 below the exhaust vent 11 can the supply air opening 12 can easily be aligned with the space leading to electronic devices, in particular a computer system, designed as a double floor, while the heated exhaust air is expediently removed at the top and can thus be fed directly to the device via the exhaust air opening.

This arrangement of the housing openings results in two main flow paths in the recirculation mode of the air conditioner, one of which is the outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO is directed away from the room to be air-conditioned, during the exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO is directed into the room to be air-conditioned, and in the outside air mode an outside air supply air flow directed into the room to be air-conditioned AU-TO and an exhaust air exhaust air flow directed away from the room to be air-conditioned AB FO ,

The air conditioner has several units for air flow generation and thermodynamic air treatment, as well as several controllable flaps, through which various air flows are generated, treated with regard to their temperature and moisture content, filtered and in recirculation mode as outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO from the outside air vent 14 via two cross-flow heat exchangers arranged one behind the other 31 . 32 for exhaust air opening 13 and as an exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO from the exhaust vent 11 via the cross-flow heat exchanger 31 . 32 to the supply air opening 12 are directed, while in the outside air mode an outside air supply air flow directed into the room to be air-conditioned AU-TO and an exhaust air exhaust air flow directed away from the room to be air-conditioned FROM - FO via the cross-flow heat exchangers arranged side by side 31 . 32 be directed.

The units for air flow generation consist of a near the supply air opening 12 arranged and thus the exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO suction, preferably directly driven and continuously controllable or adjustable supply air fan 21 as well as one near the exhaust air opening 13 arranged and thus the outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO aspirating, also preferably directly driven and continuously controllable or adjustable exhaust air fan 22 ,

• - den je nach Betriebsart hintereinander geschalteten bzw. übereinander angeordneten ersten und zweiten Kreuzstromwärmetauschern 31, 32, in denen im Umluftbetrieb ein Energieaustausch zwischen dem Abluft-Zuluftstrom AB-ZU und dem Außenluft-Fortluftstrom AU-FO stattfindet, während im Außenluftbetrieb zur freien Kühlung mit und ohne Zuschaltung der mechanischen Kühlung mittels des Verdampfers und Kondensators einer Kälteanlage bzw. eines Kaltwasserregister 51 und Kondensators 52 einer Hybrid-Kälteanlage 5 der Außenluft-Zuluftstrom AU-ZU sowie der Abluft-Fortluftstrom AB-FO über Bypassklappen durch den ersten und zweiten Kreuzstromwärmetauscher 31, 32 ohne Energieaustausch geleitet werden,
• - dem im Strömungsweg des Abluft-Zuluftstromes AB-ZU bzw. Außenluft-Zuluftstrom AU-ZU angeordneten Verdampfer der Kälteanlage oder Kaltwasserregister 51 der Hybrid-Kälteanlage 5 und dem im Strömungsweg des Außenluft-Fortluftstrom AU-FO bzw. Abluft-Fortluftstrom AB-FO angeordneten Kondensator 52 der Kälteanlage bzw. Hybrid-Kälteanlage 5,
• - der als Warmwasserregister, Kondensator oder Kombiregister als Reheat bei Entfeuchtung ausgebildeten Nacherwärmungseinrichtung 9 zur Nacherwärmung und genauen Feuchte- und Temperaturregelung der Zuluft ZU,
• - adiabatischen Sprühbefeuchtungseinrichtungen 41, 42, mit denen eine adiabate Kühlung durch Versprühen und/oder Verdunsten von Wasser erfolgt, wobei eine einstufige direkte adiabatische Sprühbefeuchtungseinrichtung 41 vor einem Eingang des ersten Kreuzstromwärmetauschers 31 in Strömungsrichtung des Abluft-Zuluftstromes AB-ZU und eine zweistufige indirekte adiabatische Sprühbefeuchtungsstufe 42 zwischen einem Ausgang des ersten Kreuzstromwärmetauschers 31 und einem Eingang des zweiten Kreuzstromwärmetauschers 32 in Strömungsrichtung des Außenluft-Fortluftstromes AU-FO angeordnet ist und
• - einem im Strömungsweg des Abluft-Zuluftstromes AB-ZU hinter der Abluftöffnung 11 angeordneten Abluftfilter 15 sowie einem im Strömungsweg des Außenluft-Fortluftstromes AU-FO hinter der Außenluftöffnung 14 angeordneten Außenluftfilter 16.

The units for thermodynamic air treatment consist of

• - The first and second cross-flow heat exchangers connected in series or one above the other depending on the operating mode 31 . 32 , in which an exchange of energy between the exhaust air supply air flow in recirculation mode DOWN TO and the outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO takes place during outdoor air operation for free cooling with and without switching on the mechanical cooling by means of the evaporator and condenser of a refrigeration system or a cold water register 51 and capacitor 52 a hybrid refrigeration system 5 the outside air supply air flow AU-TO and the exhaust air exhaust air flow AB FO via bypass flaps through the first and second cross-flow heat exchangers 31 . 32 conducted without energy exchange,
• - That in the flow path of the exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO or outside air supply air flow AU-TO arranged evaporator of the refrigeration system or cold water register 51 the hybrid refrigeration system 5 and that in the flow path of the outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO or exhaust air exhaust air flow AB FO arranged capacitor 52 the refrigeration system or hybrid refrigeration system 5 .
• - The reheating device designed as a hot water register, condenser or combination register as a reheat for dehumidification 9 for reheating and precise humidity and temperature control of the supply air TO .
• - adiabatic spray humidifiers 41 . 42 , with which adiabatic cooling takes place by spraying and / or evaporation of water, with a single-stage direct adiabatic spray humidification device 41 in front of an entrance of the first cross-flow heat exchanger 31 in the flow direction of the exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO and a two-stage indirect adiabatic spray humidification stage 42 between an outlet of the first cross-flow heat exchanger 31 and an input of the second cross-flow heat exchanger 32 in the flow direction of the outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO is arranged and
• - one in the flow path of the exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO behind the exhaust vent 11 arranged exhaust air filter 15 and one in the flow path of the outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO behind the outside air opening 14 arranged outside air filter 16 ,

There is a supply air damper to control the air flows in the air conditioning unit 61 between the one output of the first cross-flow heat exchanger 31 and the evaporator / cold water register 51 or supply air fan 21 through which the exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO flows, and a supply air bypass flap 62 between the other output of the first cross-flow heat exchanger 31 and the Evaporator / cold water coil 51 for admixing an outside air partial flow AU in the supply air flow TO arranged to supply fresh air to the room to be air-conditioned in the presence of people. One in recirculation mode from the outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO exhaust air flow through 63 is between the one output of the second cross-flow heat exchanger 32 and the capacitor 52 or exhaust air fan 22 and an exhaust air bypass valve 64 is between the other output of the second cross-flow heat exchanger 32 and the capacitor 52 or exhaust air fan 22 for admixing an exhaust air partial flow FROM in the exhaust air flow FO arranged to adjust the volume flow balance by a partial volume of the exhaust air flow FROM the exhaust air flow FO is added. The supply air and exhaust air dampers 61 . 63 as well as supply air and exhaust air bypass flaps 62 . 64 are preferably continuously adjustable independently of each other.

To reduce the air flow through or to bypass the first and second cross-flow heat exchangers 31 . 32 are first and second circulating air bypass flaps 71 . 72 between the exhaust vent 11 and the supply air opening 12 of the device housing 1 and between the outside air opening 14 and the exhaust air opening 13 of the device housing 1 provided with which through the cross-flow heat exchanger 31 . 32 formed air resistance can be switched off.

At one input of the first cross-flow heat exchanger 31 and at one output of the second cross-flow heat exchanger 32 are first and second heat exchanger bypass flaps 81 . 82 arranged, the position of which determines whether a volume flow is passed through the cross-flow heat exchanger or bypasses the cross-flow heat exchanger.

2 shows a schematic representation of the connection of the cold water register 51 , the capacitor 52 and the reheating device 9 the hybrid refrigeration system 5 , where instead of in 2 shown configuration of the air conditioner with two cross-flow heat exchangers 31 . 32 and adiabatic spray humidifiers 41 . 42 a different device configuration was selected and with the hybrid refrigeration system 5 can be connected, for example an arrangement with a counterflow heat exchanger instead of the crossflow heat exchanger, a cold water register with and without a downstream humidification device and a hot water register in front of the supply air opening or the like.

The hybrid refrigeration system 5 contains a refrigerant circuit, and a cold and hot water circuit, via a cold water exchanger 55 as an evaporator for the refrigeration circuit and a hot water exchanger 90 are thermally interconnected as a capacitor. The refrigerant circuit contains a compressor 50 , a refrigerant line 53 and a throttle valve 54 as well as the refrigerant lines of the cold water exchanger designed as a refrigerant / water-glycol heat exchanger 55 as evaporator and hot water exchanger 90 as a capacitor. The cold water circuit transfers the cold generated in the refrigerant circuit via the cold water exchanger 55 , a cold water or brine line 56 with cold water reservoir 58 and a cold water pump 57 to the cold water register 51 , The optionally provided hot water circuit contains the hot water exchanger 90 to extract at least part of the necessary liquefaction energy via a hot water pipe 91 with a hot water reservoir 93 and a hot water pump 92 on the reheating device 9 is directed. During the cold water exchanger 55 on the low pressure side of the compressor 50 between the throttle valve 54 and the compressor 50 is arranged, is the hot water exchanger 55 on the high pressure side of the compressor 50 between the throttle valve 54 and the compressor 50 intended. The hybrid refrigeration system can also be designed as a system with several circuits.

Because the hybrid refrigeration system 5 completely on the exhaust air side of the air conditioner, it ensures that in the event of a leak or breakdown of the hybrid refrigeration system 5 the refrigerant using the exhaust fan 52 is blown out with the exhaust air directly via the exhaust air opening, while on the other hand the evaporator on the supply air side 51 ensures efficient cooling of the supply air all year round. A monitoring device installed on the exhaust air side can also emit an optical and / or acoustic alarm in the event of a leak or accident.

The optionally provided hot water heat exchanger that decouples part of the condensation heat 90 directs hot water to the reheating device for reheating the supply air flow for humidity control 9 , Alternatively or additionally, a first circulating air bypass flap bridging the exhaust air flow and the supply air flow 71 be provided for the controlled admixture of part of the exhaust air flow to the supply air flow, so that with the first circulating air bypass flap 71 warm air can be added to the supply air flow to set the desired humidity and temperature in the room to be air-conditioned.

In the schematic representations of the 1 and 2 Not shown is a control or regulating device, which has various sensors located in the air conditioning unit and arranged in the room to be air-conditioned and in the outside area, as well as actuators in the form of electrical and electronic actuators is connected to the units for air flow generation and thermodynamic air treatment and the controllable flaps.

• - im Umluftbetrieb wird ein Außenluftstrom AU über die Außenluftöffnung 14 des Gerätegehäuses 1 angesaugt und als Außenluft-Fortluftstrom AU-FO über
  • - den ersten Kreuzstromwärmetauscher 31,
  • - die optional aktivierbare zweistufige indirekte adiabatische Sprühbefeuchtung 42 zur adiabaten Kühlung des Außenluft-Fortluftstromes AU-FO,
  • - den zweiten Kreuzstromwärmetauscher 32 und,
  • - den Kondensator 52 der optional aktivierbaren Hybrid-Kälteanlage 5 als Fortluftstrom FO über die Fortluftöffnung 13 des Gerätegehäuses 1 und
  ein Abluftstrom AB über die Abluftöffnung 11 des Gerätegehäuses 1 angesaugt und als Abluft-Zuluftstrom AB-ZU
  • - entgegen der Strömungsrichtung des Außenluft-Fortluftstromes AU-FO durch den ersten und zweiten Kreuzstromwärmetauscher 31, 32,
  • - das Kaltwasserregister 51 der optional aktivierbaren Hybrid-Kälteanlage 5 zum Herunterkühlen des Zuluftstromes ZU, der mittels der Erwärmungs- und/oder Entfeuchtungseinrichtung 9 oder der über die erste Umluft-Bypassklappe 71 beigemischten warmen Abluft AB konditioniert, d.h. bezüglich der Feuchtigkeit und Temperatur eingestellt, als Zuluftstrom ZU über die Zuluftöffnung 12 des Gerätegehäuses 1 an den zu klimatisierenden Raum abgegeben wird,
  während im Außenluftbetrieb zur freien Kühlung gegebenenfalls mit Zuschaltung der Hybrid-Kälteanlage 5 ein Außenluftstrom AU über die Außenluftöffnung 14 des Gerätegehäuses 1 angesaugt und als Zuluftstrom ZU über
• - den ersten Kreuzstromwärmetauscher 31 bei geöffneter erster Wärmetauscher-Bypassklappe 81,
• - die Zuluft-Bypassklappe 62 und
• - das Kaltwasserregister 51 der optional aktivierbaren Hybrid-Kälteanlage 5 zum Herunterkühlen des Zuluftstromes ZU, der mittels der Erwärmungs- und/oder Entfeuchtungseinrichtung 9 oder der über die erste Umluft-Bypassklappe 71 beigemischten warmen Abluft AB konditioniert, d.h. bezüglich der Feuchtigkeit und Temperatur eingestellt und als Zuluftstrom ZU über die Zuluftöffnung 12 des Gerätegehäuses 1 an den zu klimatisierenden Raum abgegeben wird, wobei

der Abluftstrom AB über die Abluftöffnung 11 des Gerätegehäuses 1 angesaugt und als Fortluftstrom FO über

• - den zweiten Kreuzstromwärmetauscher 32,
• - die Fortluft-Bypassklappe 64 und
• - den Kondensator 52 der optional aktivierten Hybrid-Kälteanlage 5 und über die Fortluftöffnung 13 des Gerätegehäuses 1 an die Umgebung abgegeben wird,

With that in the 1 and 2 Depending on the ambient conditions and the climatic conditions in the room to be air-conditioned, i.e. the difference between the specified setpoints and the measured actual values of temperature and humidity in the room to be air-conditioned, the air conditioning unit shown schematically can take the following thermodynamic treatments of the exhaust air supply air flow into account DOWN TO and the outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO in recirculation mode or in the outside air supply air flow AU-TO and exhaust air exhaust air flow AB FO in free air mode for free cooling:

• - In recirculation mode, there is an outside air flow AU via the outside air opening 14 of the device housing 1 sucked in and as outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO about
  • - the first cross-flow heat exchanger 31 .
  • - The optionally activatable two-stage indirect adiabatic spray humidification 42 for adiabatic cooling of the outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO .
  • - The second cross-flow heat exchanger 32 and,
  • - the capacitor 52 the optionally activated hybrid refrigeration system 5 as exhaust air flow FO via the exhaust air opening 13 of the device housing 1 and
  an exhaust air flow FROM via the exhaust air opening 11 of the device housing 1 sucked in and as exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO
  • - against the flow direction of the outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO through the first and second cross-flow heat exchangers 31 . 32 .
  • - the cold water register 51 the optionally activated hybrid refrigeration system 5 to cool down the supply air flow TO by means of the heating and / or dehumidifying device 9 or via the first circulating air bypass flap 71 mixed warm exhaust air FROM conditioned, ie adjusted with regard to humidity and temperature, as supply air flow TO via the supply air opening 12 of the device housing 1 is given to the room to be air-conditioned,
  while in outside air operation for free cooling, if necessary with the hybrid refrigeration system switched on 5 an outside air flow AU via the outside air opening 14 of the device housing 1 sucked in and as supply air flow TO about
• - the first cross-flow heat exchanger 31 when the first heat exchanger bypass flap is open 81 .
• - the supply air bypass flap 62 and
• - the cold water register 51 the optionally activated hybrid refrigeration system 5 to cool down the supply air flow TO by means of the heating and / or dehumidifying device 9 or via the first circulating air bypass flap 71 mixed warm exhaust air FROM conditioned, ie adjusted with regard to humidity and temperature and as supply air flow TO via the supply air opening 12 of the device housing 1 is given to the room to be air-conditioned, whereby

the exhaust air flow FROM via the exhaust air opening 11 of the device housing 1 sucked in and as exhaust air flow FO about

• - The second cross-flow heat exchanger 32 .
• - the exhaust air bypass flap 64 and
• - the capacitor 52 the optionally activated hybrid refrigeration system 5 and through the exhaust air opening 13 of the device housing 1 is released to the environment

This results in the in 3 to 9 Operating conditions shown for conditioning the supply air and exhaust air flow and for energy exchange between the extract air supply air flow DOWN TO and the outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO in recirculation mode and the outside air supply air flow AU - TO and exhaust air exhaust air flow AB FO in outside air operation depending on the ambient conditions and the temperature and humidity of the room air, ie depending on the outside temperature T _AU , the exhaust air temperature T _AB , Supply air temperature Tzu, the resulting exhaust air temperature T _FO and the humidity of the supply air.

In the schematic representations of the 3 to 11 are the flaps closed in the respective operating modes 61 to 64 . 71 . 72 and 81 . 82 crossed out and the volume flows shown in thick solid lines, the through the cross-flow heat exchanger 31 . 32 volume flows are dashed and the bypasses on the cross-flow heat exchangers 31 . 32 bypassed volume flows are shown.

In the 3 to 5 is schematically the recooling of the exhaust air flow sucked in from the room to be air-conditioned FROM at outside air temperatures T _AU shown, which are very low compared to the setpoints of the supply air temperatures Tzu to be controlled, i.e. T _AB ≥ T _FO > T _ZU >> T _AU .

3 shows the recooling of the exhaust air flow drawn in from the room to be air-conditioned FROM without adiabatic spray humidification and thus adiabatic cooling and without mechanical cold, whereby humidity control is not necessary and temperature control via volume flow control of the exhaust air fan 22 he follows.

The one exhaust air temperature T _AB showing warm exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO is in recirculation mode in the second cross-flow heat exchanger 32 in counterflow by means of the outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO cooled down in the first cross-flow heat exchanger 31 the cooled exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO with the cold outside air temperature T _AU of the outside air flow AU continues to cool down and through the supply air opening 12 is given to the room to be air-conditioned, while the heated outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO due to the cooling of the exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO in the second cross-flow heat exchanger 32 appropriately heated as a warm exhaust air flow FO via the exhaust air opening 13 is released to the environment.

In the 4 schematically shown recooling makes humidity control with mechanical cold necessary due to excessive humidity of the exhaust air flow. For temperature and humidity control of the supply air TO becomes the cold area of the hybrid refrigeration system 5 with the cold water register 51 and the reheating device 9 and / or by opening the first circulating air bypass flap 71 depending on the ambient conditions and setpoint of the moisture content of the supply air TO of the room to be air-conditioned activated. This is from the refrigerant circuit leading into the refrigerant 53 integrated cold water exchanger 55 to the refrigerant line 56 dispensed cold water by means of the cold water pump 57 to the cold water register 51 conducted while that of the capacitor 52 emitted heat via the exhaust air opening 13 is released to the environment or the outside space. For reheating and humidity control, you can optionally use the hot water heat exchanger 90 to the hot water pipe 91 emitted heat by means of the hot water pump 92 to the reheating device 9 delivered and / or the first circulating air bypass flap 71 controlled opening so that the exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO a portion of the exhaust air FROM is added.

To regulate the supply air temperature Tzu, this can also be done via the exhaust air opening 13 of the device housing 1 exhaust air flow emitted FO , especially by changing the flow rate of the exhaust fan 22 , can be varied. By regulating the exhaust air flow FO takes place with a low exhaust air flow FO a lower heat transfer from the exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO to the outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO , so that the supply air temperature Tzu is increased, while with a strong exhaust air flow a large heat transfer from the exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO to the outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO takes place, whereby the supply air temperature Tzu is reduced.

At the in 5 Operation of the air conditioner is the outside air temperature T _AU also very small compared to the supply air temperature Tzu to be controlled, whereby due to excessive humidity of the exhaust air flow FROM Moisture control is required, which in this constellation involves an admixture of the outside air flow AU in the supply air flow TO done by controlled opening of the supply air bypass flap 62 part of the outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO for dehumidification and fresh air control of the room to be air-conditioned TO and part of the exhaust air supply air flow for volume flow balance DOWN TO through regulated opening of the exhaust air bypass flap 64 the exhaust air flow FO is added. This mode of operation relies on adiabatic cooling of the outside air flow AU dispenses with the hybrid refrigeration system 5 with the cold water register 51 , the capacitor 52 and the hot water register 9 optionally activated as reheating device for dehumidification.

The one via the outside air opening 14 the air conditioner with the outside air temperature T _AU supplied outside air flow AU cools in the first cross-flow heat exchanger 31 in the second cross-flow heat exchanger 32 already cooled exhaust air flow FROM further down while in the second cross-flow heat exchanger 32 warmed outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO as exhaust air flow FO over the capacitor 52 to the exhaust air opening 13 is delivered. Part of that in the first cross-flow heat exchanger 31 heated outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO through the regulated opening of the supply air bypass flap 62 the supply air flow TO admixed and the remaining part of the outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO cools in counterflow in the second cross-flow heat exchanger 32 the warm exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO down.

The one in the first cross-flow heat exchanger 31 cooled exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO is by means of the cold water register 51 the activated hybrid refrigeration system 5 cooled down to the supply air temperature Tzu and if the temperature is too high by activating the hot water register 9 trained reheating device and heated via the supply air opening 12 delivered to the room to be air-conditioned.

At the in 6 The schematically illustrated operation of the air conditioning unit is the outside air temperature when the outside air humidity is high but the desired exhaust air humidity T _AU greater than the supply air temperature Tzu to be controlled but lower than the exhaust air temperature T _AB (T _AB > T _AU > Tzu). The one about the Outside air opening 14 the air conditioner with the outside air temperature T _AU supplied outside air flow AU when the first heat exchanger bypass flap is closed 81 and open supply air flap 61 through the first cross-flow heat exchanger 31 conducts and cools the in the second cross-flow heat exchanger 32 by means of the outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO cooled exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO , with the second heat exchanger bypass flap also closed 82 and open exhaust air flap 63 the outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO through the second cross-flow heat exchanger 32 is directed.

In this mode of operation, because of the correct exhaust air humidity, the exhaust air supply air flow is adiabatically cooled DOWN TO and the outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO dispenses with mechanical cooling by switching on the cold water register51 and the condenser 52 activated. If the actual value of the exhaust air humidity rises above its setpoint, the hot water register becomes optional 9 activated, the exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO through the cold water register 51 the activated hybrid refrigeration system 5 and the hot water register 9 and the outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO through the capacitor 52 the activated hybrid refrigeration system 5 be performed.

At the in 7 Operation of the air conditioner is the outside air temperature T _AU very high compared to the supply air temperature to be controlled Tzu (T _AU >> Tzu), while the actual value of the outside air humidity is very low compared to the setpoint of the supply air and the extract air humidity is too low. In these climatic conditions, the exhaust air supply air flow is humidified and pre-cooled DOWN TO by means of the direct adiabatic spray humidification 41 before it enters the second cross-flow heat exchanger 32 , to the when the second heat exchanger bypass flap is open 82 the warm outside air flow AU-FO is bypassed in the bypass as well as the first cross-flow heat exchanger 31 when the first heat exchanger bypass flap is open 81 , The warm outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO is via the open exhaust air flap 63 and the capacitor 52 the hybrid refrigeration system optionally activated for temperature control 5 for cooling the supply air temperature Tzu to its setpoint using the exhaust air fan 22 for exhaust air opening 13 guided. The cooled exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO is partially via the exhaust air bypass flap 64 the warm outside air flow AU-FO and the outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO via the supply air bypass flap 62 partially the cooled exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO added.

The one-step direct adiabatic spray humidification 41 cooled warm exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO is through the second cross-flow heat exchanger 32 and first cross-flow heat exchanger 31 , the open supply air flap 61 and the cold water register optionally activated to cool the supply air temperature Tzu to its setpoint 51 by means of the supply air fan 21 to the supply air opening 12 directed. For humidity control of the supply air TO is achieved by regulated opening of the supply air bypass flap 62 part of the warm outside air flow AU-FO the exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO admixed and part of the cooled exhaust air supply air flow for volume flow balance FROM - TO through regulated opening of the exhaust air bypass flap 64 the exhaust air flow FO added ..

At the in 8th Operation of the air conditioner is the outside air temperature T _AU very high compared to the supply air temperature Tzu ( T _AU >> Tzu), while the actual value of the outside air humidity is less than the setpoint of the supply air TO and the actual value of the extract air humidity corresponds to the setpoint of the supply air.

The one via the outside air opening 14 the air conditioner with the high outside air temperature T _AU supplied outside air AU is countercurrent in the first cross-flow heat exchanger 31 by means of the first or the first and second stage of the two-stage indirect adiabatic spray moistening 42 as outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO when the first heat exchanger bypass flap is closed 81 cools down and cools when the second heat exchanger bypass flap is closed 82 in counterflow the exhaust air temperature T _AB having exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO down that over the first cross-flow heat exchanger 31 and the supply air damper 61 is directed. Depending on the deviation of the actual value of the supply air temperature Tzu from its setpoint, the hybrid refrigeration system is optional 5 switched on and that via the cold water register 51 ducted exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO cooled down and through the supply air opening 12 emitted to the room to be air-conditioned during the exhaust air flow FO over the capacitor 52 and the exhaust air opening 13 is given to the outside.

Another variant in the event of a deviation of the actual value of the supply air temperature Tzu from its setpoint is the speed of the exhaust air fan 52 to change or switch on another exhaust air fan.

At the in 9 Operation of the air conditioner is the outside air temperature T _AU very high compared to the supply air temperature Tzu and higher than the extract air temperature T _AB (T _AB <T _AU >> T _ZU ) with correct exhaust air humidity.

The exhaust air supply air flow can be used to reduce the pressure loss with little recooling effect DOWN TO by opening the first circulating air bypass flap 71 and the outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO by Opening of the second circulating air bypass flap 72 on the first and second cross-flow heat exchangers 31 . 32 with the supply air flap closed 61 , Supply air bypass flap 62 , Exhaust air flap 63 and exhaust air bypass flap 64 passed and the exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO by activating the hybrid refrigeration system 5 be recooled. If the supply air humidity is too high, the cold water register can be used as an option 51 the hot water register 9 be switched on ..

If the outside temperature is very high, the outside air exhaust air flow can alternatively be used AU-FO through the first and second cross-flow heat exchangers 31 . 32 with the spray device switched on. As a result, the temperature of the outside air exhaust air flow drops AU-FO before the condenser 52 and the refrigeration cycle has a significantly better efficiency.

At outside air temperatures T _AU and humidity of the outside air AU which approximately correspond to the required supply air temperature Tzu and humidity of the supply air (T _AU ≈ T _ZU ) can be according to 10 the principle of free cooling can be used by opening the first heat exchanger bypass flap 81 the outside air flow AU by bypassing the first cross-flow heat exchanger 31 over and over the open supply air bypass flap 62 with the supply air flap closed 61 directly to the supply air opening 12 is directed. The exhaust air flow FROM when the second heat exchanger bypass flap is closed 82 through the second cross-flow heat exchanger 32 and via the open exhaust air bypass flap 64 and the inactive capacitor 52 the hybrid refrigeration system 5 for exhaust air opening 13 directed. If the supply air temperature is too low, a partial volume flow of the exhaust air becomes FROM via the first circulating air bypass flap 71 the supply air TO added.

11 shows a schematic representation of an application of the principle of free cooling at high outside air temperatures that are higher than the supply air temperatures ( T _AU > Tzu), one of the supply air setpoint TO corresponding outside air humidity and a too high exhaust air humidity. In these climatic conditions, the damper positions and thus the exhaust air exhaust air flow AB FO and the outside air supply air flow AU-TO as in the constellation according to 10 set and additionally mechanically by activating the cold water register 51 and capacitor 52 the hybrid refrigeration system 5 cooled.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

device housing

9

Reheating device (hot water register, condenser, combination register as reheat for dehumidification)

11

exhaust vent

12

air intake opening

13

Exhaust air opening

14

Outside air opening

15

exhaust filter

16

Outside air filter

21

supply air fan

22

Exhaust fan

31

first cross-flow heat exchanger

32

second cross-flow heat exchanger

41

single-stage direct adiabatic spray humidification

42

two-stage indirect adiabatic spray humidification

50

compressor

51

Cold water coil

52

capacitor

53

Refrigerant line

54

throttle valve

55

Cold water heat exchanger as an evaporator

56

Cold water line

57

Cold water pump

58

Cold water reservoir

61

inlet flap

62

Supply air bypass valve

63

Exhaust air damper

64

Fort air bypass valve

71, 72

first and second circulating air bypass flap

81, 82

first and second heat exchanger bypass flap

90

Hot water heat exchanger as a condenser

91

Hot water pipe

92

Warm water pump

93

Hot water reservoir

FROM

exhaust air flow

AU

Outside air flow

FO

Fort airflow

TO

supply air flow

AB FO

Outward exhaust air flow

DOWN TO

Exhaust-supply air flow

AU-FO

Outside air exhaust air stream AU-TO Outside air supply air flow

FROM'

Part of the exhaust air supply air flow

AU '

Part of the outside air exhaust air flow

ABB

Part of the exhaust air flow

T _AU

Outside air temperature

T _CLOSE

supply air temperature

T _FO

Exhaust air temperature

T _AB

exhaust air temperature

T _W1 - T _W3

Heat exchanger temperature

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 102017202250 A1 [0004]

Claims (29)

Air conditioning unit with - a device housing (1) with an exhaust air opening (11), supply air opening (12), exhaust air opening (13) and outside air opening (14) for guiding an outside air flow (AU), exhaust air flow (AB), exhaust air flow (FO) and supply air flow (ZU ), - units (21, 22, 3, 41, 42, 51, 52, 8, 9) for air flow generation and thermodynamic air treatment with - at least one supply air and exhaust air fan (21, 22) for generating the air flows, - a device ( 31, 32) for the transfer of thermal energy between the air flows, - a refrigeration system (5) with at least one compressor (50), an evaporator (55) and a condenser (52), - a reheating device (9), - a device for adiabatic Spray humidification (41, 42), - flaps (61 - 64; 71, 72; 81, 82) for controlling the air flows and - a device for regulating the humidity and temperature of at least some of the air flows, characterized by the recirculating air mode of the outside air exhaust air flow (AU-FO) and exhaust air supply air flow (AB-ZU) one after the other and in the outside air operation of the exhaust air exhaust air flow (AB-FO) and outside air supply air flow (AU-ZU) via mutually arranged cross-flow heat exchangers (31, 32) with in the flow paths of the outside air -Air air flow (AU-ZU) and the exhaust air exhaust air flow (AB-FO) arranged heat exchanger bypass flaps (81, 82). Air conditioner after Claim 1 , characterized by first and second supply air bypass flaps (61, 62) arranged side by side and separately from one another on the air outlets of a first cross-flow heat exchanger (31) and first and second exhaust air bypass flaps arranged side by side and separately from one another on the air outlets of a second cross-flow heat exchanger (32) 63, 64). Air conditioner after Claim 2 , characterized in that the first supply air bypass flap (61) in the flow direction of the exhaust air supply air flow (AB-ZU) behind a first outlet of the first cross-flow heat exchanger (31) and the first exhaust air bypass flap (63) in the flow direction of the outside air exhaust air flow ( AU-FO) is arranged behind a first outlet of the second cross-flow heat exchanger (32) which has the second heat exchanger bypass flap (82). Air conditioner after Claim 2 or 3 , characterized in that the second supply air bypass flap (62) in the flow direction of the exhaust air supply air flow (AB-ZU) behind a second outlet of the first cross-flow heat exchanger (31) and the second exhaust air bypass flap (64) in the flow direction of the outside air exhaust air flow ( AU-FO) is arranged behind a second outlet of the second cross-flow heat exchanger (32). Air conditioner according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by - a first bypass flap (71) passing the outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO past the first and second cross-flow heat exchangers (31, 32) between the exhaust air opening (11) and the air opening (12) of the device housing (1) and - a second bypass flap (72) passing the exhaust air supply air flow AB-ZU past the first and second cross-flow heat exchangers (31, 32) between the outside air opening (14) and the exhaust air opening (13) of the device housing (1). Air conditioning unit according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by a one-stage direct adiabatic spray humidification (41) in the flow path of the exhaust air flow (AB) before the inlet of the second cross-flow heat exchanger (32) and a two-stage indirect adiabatic spray humidification (42) in the flow path of the outside air exhaust air flow ( AU-FO) between the outlet of the first cross-flow heat exchanger (31) and the inlet of the second cross-flow heat exchanger (32). Air conditioning unit according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the exhaust air opening (11) and supply air opening (12) on the one hand and the exhaust air opening (13) and outside air opening (14) on the other hand in each case on one side of the device housing (1), the exhaust air opening (11) above the supply air opening (12) and the exhaust air opening (13) above the outside air opening (14). Air conditioning unit according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the exhaust air fan (22) and the condenser (52) of a refrigeration system (5) are arranged between the second cross-flow heat exchanger (32) and the exhaust air opening (13). Air conditioner according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that in the flow path directed from the outside air opening (14) to the supply air opening (12) behind the first cross-flow heat exchanger (31) the evaporator of a refrigeration system, the supply air fan (21) and a reheating device (9) designed as a condenser or combination register as a reheat of the refrigeration system in the case of dehumidification, it is preferably arranged directly in front of the supply air opening (12). Air conditioner according to at least one of the above Claims 1 to 8th , characterized in that in the flow path directed from the outside air opening (14) to the supply air opening (12) behind the first cross-flow heat exchanger (31) the cold water register (51) of a hybrid refrigeration system (5), the supply air fan (21) and a hot water register or Combination register as reheat of the hybrid refrigeration system (5) designed reheating device (9) is preferably arranged immediately before the supply air opening (12) when dehumidifying. Air conditioning unit according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by directly driven and continuously controllable or continuously adjustable supply air and exhaust air fans (21, 22) arranged in the flow paths. Air conditioning device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supply air opening (12) of the device housing (1) opens into the space between an electrical and electronic device, in particular a raised floor receiving a computer system. Air conditioner according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hybrid refrigeration system (5) has at least one compressor (50) which is connected to the condenser (52) via a refrigerant line (53) and one the refrigerant line ( 53) with a cold water line (56) contains thermally coupling cold water heat exchanger as an evaporator (55), which is connected via the cold water line (56) to the cold water register (51) in the flow path of the supply air flow (ZU), the condenser (52) and that Refrigerant-carrying parts of the hybrid refrigeration system (5) are arranged in the flow path of the exhaust air flow (FO). Air conditioner after Claim 13 , characterized in that the hybrid refrigeration system (5) contains a hot water heat exchanger as a further condenser (90), which is connected via a hot water pipe (91) to the reheating device (9) arranged in the flow path of the supply air flow (ZU) and designed as a hot water register. Air conditioner according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the further condenser (90) and the parts of the hybrid refrigeration system (5) carrying the refrigerant are arranged between the exhaust air fan (22) and the exhaust air opening (13). Method for operating an air conditioner according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in recirculation mode - an outside air flow (AU) is sucked in via the outside air opening (14) of the device housing (1) and as outside air exhaust air flow (AU-FO) - the first and second cross-flow heat exchanger (31, 32), - the open exhaust air flap (63) and - the condenser (52) of the optionally activated hybrid refrigeration system (5) is discharged as exhaust air flow (FO) via the exhaust air opening (13) of the device housing (1) and - an exhaust air flow (AB) is sucked in via the exhaust air opening (11) of the device housing (1) and as an exhaust air supply air flow (AB-ZU) - against the flow direction of the outside air exhaust air flow (AU-FO) through the first and second cross-flow heat exchangers (31 , 32), - the open supply air flap (61) - the cold water register (51) of the optionally activatable hybrid refrigeration system (5) and - the optionally activatable reheating device (9) al s Supply air flow (ZU) is emitted via the supply air opening (12) of the device housing (1) to the room to be air-conditioned, with the cold water in the cold water register (51) heated when the hybrid cooling system (5) is activated and circulated by the cold water pump (57) Cold water heat exchanger (55) is recooled and the refrigerant compressed and heated in the refrigerant circuit by means of the compressor (50) is cooled in the hot water heat exchanger (90) serving as a condenser and the heated water via the hot water line (91) to the optionally activated reheating device (9) for heating the supply air flow (ZU) is given off, residual heat being given off to the exhaust air (FO) in the condenser (52). Procedure according to Claim 16 , characterized in that for recooling the exhaust air flow (AB) drawn in from the room to be air-conditioned at outside air temperatures (T _AU ) that are very low compared to the supply air temperatures to be regulated (Tzu), the outside air flow (AU) without adiabatic spray humidification for adiabatic cooling and Without connecting the hybrid refrigeration system (5) and the exhaust air flow (AB) in the first and second cross-flow heat exchangers (31, 32), exchange thermal energy in counterflow and on the one hand as exhaust air flow (FO) via the exhaust air flap (63) to the exhaust air opening (13) of the Device housing (1) and on the other hand as a supply air flow (ZU) via the supply air flap (61) to the supply air opening (12) of the device housing (1). ( 3 ) Procedure according to Claim 17 , characterized in that for regulating the supply air temperature (Tzu) the exhaust air flow (FO) emitted via the exhaust air opening (13) of the device housing (1) is varied, in particular by changing the delivery rate of the exhaust air fan (22). Procedure according to one of the Claims 16 to 18 , characterized in that the hybrid refrigeration system (5) with the cold water register (51), the condenser (52) and serving as a condenser hot water heat exchanger (90) and the reheating device (9) for controlling the air humidity in the room to be air-conditioned depending on Ambient conditions and the setpoints of temperature and humidity in the room to be air-conditioned. ( 4 ) Procedure according to Claim 16 , characterized in that at an outside air temperature (T _AU ) that is small compared to the supply air temperature to be controlled (T _zU ) with high humidity of the exhaust air flow (AB), a humidity control by adding a part of the outside air exhaust air flow (AU-FO) in the Exhaust air supply air flow (AB-ZU) takes place by regulating the opening of the supply air bypass flap (62), part of the outside air exhaust air flow (AU-FO) for dehumidification and fresh air control of the room to be air-conditioned, the exhaust air supply air flow (AB-ZU) and Part of the exhaust air supply air flow (AB-ZU) is added to the volume flow balance by regulating the opening of the exhaust air bypass flap (64) to the outside air exhaust air flow (AU-FO) and, if the mixed flows are too high and too high, the hybrid refrigeration system (5) is optionally available is activated. ( 5 ) Procedure according to Claim 16 , characterized in that at high outside air humidity and the setpoint corresponding exhaust air humidity at an outside air temperature (T _AU ) that is greater than the supply air temperature to be controlled (T _ZU ) but lower than the exhaust air temperature (T _AB ) (T _AB > T _AU > T _ZU ) the outside air flow (AU) supplied via the outside air opening (14) is passed through the first cross-flow heat exchanger (31) when the first heat exchanger bypass flap (81) is closed and the supply air flap (61) is open and the one in the second cross-flow heat exchanger (32) by means of the outside air Exhaust air flow (AU-FO) cools down the exhaust air supply air flow (AB-ZU), whereby when the second heat exchanger bypass flap (82) is also closed and the exhaust air flap (63) is open, the outside air exhaust air flow (AU-FO) through the second cross-flow heat exchanger (32) is directed. ( 6 ) Procedure according to Claim 16 , characterized in that at an outside air temperature (T _AU ) which is very high compared to the supply air temperature to be controlled (Tzu) (T _AU >> T _ZU ) and an actual value of the outside air humidity which is very small compared to the set value of the supply air at too low exhaust air humidity, the exhaust air supply air flow (AB-ZU) is humidified by switching on the single-stage direct adiabatic spray humidification (41) before it enters the second cross-flow heat exchanger (32) and pre-cooled so that the warm outside air exhaust air flow (AU-FO) is at the first and second cross-flow heat exchanger (31, 32) with the first and second heat exchanger bypass flaps (81, 82) open in the bypass and that the warm outside air exhaust air flow (AU-FO) via the open exhaust air flap (63) and the condenser (52) the hybrid refrigeration system (5) optionally activated for temperature control for cooling the supply air temperature (Tzu) to its setpoint is led to the exhaust air opening 13. ( 7 ) Procedure according to Claim 22 , characterized in that the cooled exhaust air supply air flow (AB-ZU) via the exhaust air bypass flap (64) partially the warm outdoor air exhaust air flow (AU-FO) and the outdoor air exhaust air flow (AU-FO) via the supply air bypass flap ( 62) is partially mixed with the cooled exhaust air supply air flow (AB-ZU). Procedure according to Claim 16 , Characterized in that at opposite of the controlled supply temperature (Tzu) very high outside-air temperature (T _AU) and an actual value of the outside air humidity, which is smaller than the target value of the supply air, while the actual value of the exhaust air humidity corresponds to the target value, the external air-exhaust air flow (AU-FO) depending on the outside air humidity, cooled down by means of the first and second stage of the two-stage indirect adiabatic spray humidification (42) and directed in counterflow to the exhaust air supply air flow (AB-ZU), which cools down and via the first cross-flow heat exchanger (31) and the open supply air flap (61) is directed, depending on the setpoint-actual value difference of the supply air temperature (Tzu) the hybrid refrigeration system (5) is switched on and the exhaust air supply air flow (AB-ZU) directed via the evaporator (51) is cooled down and is given to the room to be air-conditioned, while the exhaust air flow (FO) is discharged to the outside via the condenser (52) is given. ( 8th ) Method according to at least one of the preceding Claims 16 to 19 , characterized in that at an outside air temperature (T _AU ) which is very high compared to the supply air temperature (T _ZU ) and greater than the exhaust air temperature (T _Ab ) (T _AB <T _AU >> T _ZU ) with correct exhaust air humidity, the exhaust air - Supply air flow (AB-ZU) by opening the first circulating air bypass flap (71) and the outside air exhaust air flow (AU-FO) by opening the second circulating air bypass flap (72) past the first and second cross-flow heat exchangers (31, 32) and the Exhaust air supply air flow (AB-ZU) is optionally recooled by activating the hybrid refrigeration system (5). ( 9 ) Method according to at least one of the preceding Claims 15 to 18 , characterized in that at an outside air temperature (T _AU ) that is very high compared to the supply air temperature (Tzu) and greater than the exhaust air temperature (T _Ab ) (T _AB <T _AU >> T _ZU ) with correct exhaust air humidity, the exhaust air Supply air flow (AB-ZU) by opening the first circulating air bypass flap (71) bypasses the first and second cross-flow heat exchangers (31, 32) and the outside air exhaust air flow (AU-FO) is passed through the first and second cross-flow heat exchangers (31, 32) and humidified, while the exhaust air supply air flow (AB-ZU) is optionally recooled by activating the hybrid refrigeration system (5). ( 9 ) Method for operating an air conditioner according to at least one of the preceding Claims 1 to 15 , characterized in that in outside air operation with outside air temperatures (T _AU ) and humidity of the outside air (AU) correspond to the required supply air temperature (T _ZU ) and humidity of the supply air (ZU) (T _AU ≈ T _ZU ) for free cooling the first heat exchanger Bypass flap (81) is opened and the outside air flow (AU) is led through the bypass past the first cross-flow heat exchanger (31) and is led directly to the supply air opening (12) via the open supply air bypass flap (62) with the supply air flap (61) closed, and that the exhaust air flow (AB ) when the second heat exchanger bypass flap (82) is closed, is passed through the second cross-flow heat exchanger (32) and via the open exhaust air bypass flap (64) and the inactive condenser (52) of the hybrid refrigeration system (5) to the exhaust air opening (13). ( 10 ) Procedure according to Claim 27 , characterized in that if the supply air temperature (Tzu) is too low, a partial volume flow of the exhaust air (AB) is admixed to the supply air (ZU) via the first circulating air bypass flap (71). Procedure according to Claim 27 , characterized in that at high outside air temperatures (T _AU ), which are higher than the supply air temperatures (T _CLOSE ) (T _AU > T _CLOSE ), an outside air humidity corresponding to the setpoint of the supply air (CLOSE) and a too high exhaust air humidity, the hybrid refrigeration system (5) is switched on. ( 11 )

Images