DE102017202250A1 - air conditioning - Google Patents

Abstract

Air conditioner with a device housing (1) with an exhaust air opening (11), supply air opening (12), exhaust air opening (13) and outside air opening (14) for an outside air exhaust air flow (AU-FO) and exhaust air supply air flow (AB-ZU), fans ( 21, 22) for generating the air streams, a mechanical refrigeration system with an evaporator (51) and a condenser (52), a two-stage adiabatic spray humidifier (41, 42), a two-stage counterflow heat exchanger (3) for transmitting thermal energy between the air streams and flaps (61, 62; 71, 72) for controlling the air flows.

Description

The invention relates to an air conditioner according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for operating such an air conditioner according to claim 12.

Air conditioning systems or air conditioning units for air conditioning of rooms are subdivided into systems with and without ventilation function, whereby systems with ventilation function have facilities for outside air promotion and -einbringung in the room to be air-conditioned, while systems without ventilation function as circulating air conditioners have no outside air promotion and -einbringung and in the pure recirculation mode work. Both ventilation systems include the use of four thermodynamic air treatment functions, namely heating, cooling, humidification and dehumidification. In addition to these four thermodynamic air treatment functions, air filtration with different filter quality classes in one or more stages can be added.

To reduce the energy consumption of such an air conditioner with the same performance for air conditioning is made use of the principle of adiabatic cooling in which added to lower the room temperature the air flow moisture, extracted by evaporation heat and thus a cooling effect without involving a refrigeration system is effected. In direct or direct use of the adiabatic cooling, however, in addition to the intended cooling effect at the same time an increased increase in humidity, so that people in the room to be air-conditioned due to the changed heat content of the air and its conductivity are charged, since the supplied air with high moisture content Absorbs less moisture and thus hinders cooling of persons by evaporation of liquid on the skin surface.

Alternatively, an adiabatic cooling in the exhaust air by spraying water through plate exchanger and a transfer of cooling energy through the plates in conditioned form to the supply air side done, so that although no moisture transfer to the supply air takes place in the room to be conditioned, but especially in the winter months adverse effect of a too dry indoor climate occurs.

From the DE 10 2004 049 621 A1 an air conditioner with a device housing is known, which includes an exhaust port, supply air opening, exhaust air opening and outside air opening, between which by means of flaps for controlling the airflows different flow paths between these openings of the device housing are adjustable. Furthermore, the device housing includes fans for generating the air streams and units for thermodynamic air flow treatment with a device for transmitting thermal energy between the flow paths, a mechanical refrigeration system with an evaporator, a condenser and compressor and a device for adiabatic cooling. The control of the fans for air flow generation and the units for the thermodynamic air treatment takes place depending on the respective outside temperature, the set and actual values of the climate in the room to be conditioned and the energy consumption of the aggregates for air flow generation and thermodynamic air treatment in order to achieve a room air conditioning with minimal energy consumption ,

From the DD 131 792 a cooling method for air conditioning is known in which exhaust air adiabatically cooled supplied to a regenerative heat exchanger and discharged as exhaust air via a first fan to the environment. Outside air is supplied to the regenerative heat exchanger via a second fan and, after cooling by means of an adiabatically cooled exhaust air flow, is delivered as supply air to the room to be conditioned. About a third fan, the exhaust air is sucked out of the room to be air conditioned and mixed via flaps completely or proportionately the adiabatically cooled exhaust air stream before it enters the regenerative heat exchanger and either funded as exhaust air into the open or mixed by means of control flaps as circulating air of the outside air.

From the DE 44 41 066 A1 a device for cooling an air stream is known which includes a plate heat exchanger, which is supplied to an exhaust air stream and an outside air stream and from which an inlet air stream and an exhaust air stream are discharged, the exhaust air exhaust air stream and the outside air supply air flow through the plate heat exchanger in countercurrent. The plate heat exchanger is preceded by a cold steam generator with which the exhaust air stream is cooled down adiabatically before entering the plate heat exchanger and the so cooled down exhaust air in the plate heat exchanger the outside air supply air flow heat and discharged as exhaust air flow. If necessary, an additional heating module is used to heat the supply air flow emitted by the plate heat exchanger.

From the DE 102 55 530 B3 are a method and apparatus for cooling existing from an exhaust air supply air circulating air in the heat exchange with adiabatically cooled process air known. For this purpose, the process air is supplied to a first heat exchanger consisting of two cross-flow heat exchangers, which contains a humidifying device for adiabatic cooling of the process air. The process air is used to increase the Cooling capacity of the device before being fed to the first heat exchanger via a second heat exchanger, in which the process air is cooled down by means of the first heat exchanger exiting, adiabatically cooled process air, which is discharged by means of a fan as exhaust air.

Object of the present invention is to provide an air conditioner of the type mentioned above, with low production costs and high energy efficiency depending on the climatic conditions in the outdoor space effective temperature and humidity control of a room with high heat loads in which at least temporarily people, guaranteed.

This object is achieved by the features of claim 1.

The solution according to the invention provides an air conditioning unit which, with low production costs and high energy efficiency as a function of the climatic conditions in the outdoor space, ensures effective temperature and humidity control of a room with high heat loads, in which at least temporary persons are present, by providing a two-stage transmission of thermal energy Energy between an outside air exhaust air flow and a separate from this exhaust air supply air flow with a two-stage adiabatic cooling in the flow path of the outside air-exhaust air flow and thus a graded air conditioning of a room without due to the adiabatic cooling of the outside air exhaust air flow, the moisture in the exhaust air supply air increases and thus the moisture content in the room to be conditioned is adversely affected. Depending on the climatic conditions in the outer space and incurred in the room to be conditioned heat loads can thus kept substantially constant with low energy consumption and ensuring a sufficient supply of fresh air for persons located in the room to be conditioned with the inclusion of the countercurrent heat exchanger and / or adiabatic cooling become.

Preferably, a first spray humidification stage is located prior to entry of the outdoor air exhaust air stream into a first heat exchanger stage of the two stage countercurrent heat exchanger and a second spray humidification stage in the region of a first transition of the outdoor air exhaust air stream from the first heat exchanger stage to a second heat exchanger stage of the two stage countercurrent heat exchanger, preferably in the flow direction of the outside air-exhaust air stream above the opening of the second heat exchanger stage.

This thermodynamic treatment of the air streams allows a very efficient and energy-saving double adiabatic cooling by the adiabatic cooled again in the first heat exchanger stage outside air between the first and second heat exchanger stage by spraying, which in addition better controllability of the adiabatic cooling is ensured.

In a preferred embodiment, the exhaust air opening and supply air opening on the one hand and the exhaust air opening and the outside air opening on the other hand respectively arranged on one side of the device housing, resulting in an optimal installation of the air conditioner with a connection of one side of the air conditioner to the outside and the other side of the air conditioner to the air-conditioned room allows.

In particular, when using the air conditioner according to the invention in computer systems, the supply air opening of the device housing is positioned so that it opens into the intermediate space of an electrical and electronic devices receiving double bottom. As a result, an optimal connection of the air conditioner to the conditions of a data center is possible, so that discharged on one side of the air conditioner warm air from the upper region of the room to be conditioned, introduced directly into the upper part of the air conditioner and processed there and then in the lower area is again supplied to the room to be air conditioned where usually a double bottom for receiving cooling air from the double bottom suctioning electrical and electronic devices is constructed. On the other side of the air conditioner, outside air is sucked in for cooling in the upper area and discharged from the air conditioner to the outside space in the lower area as heated exhaust air.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, a supply air flap between the first transition from the first heat exchanger stage to the second heat exchanger stage and the supply air opening for admixing an outside air substream in the supply air flow and an exhaust damper between a second transition from the first heat exchanger stage to the second heat exchanger stage and the exhaust air opening Volumetric flow balance by admixing an exhaust partial stream arranged in the exhaust air stream.

This flap arrangement makes it possible to mix in the presence of people in the room to be conditioned, for example, depending on the CO ₂ content of the room air or by an appropriate default of the flaps outside air in the supply air to be conditioned space and the volume flow balance a partial volume flow of exhaust air to the exhaust air leave.

A recooling of the exhaust air supply air flow bypassing the counterflow heat exchanger is made possible by connecting the flow paths interconnecting first bypass valve between the exhaust port and the Zuftöffnung the device housing and the flow paths interconnecting second bypass valve between the outside air opening and the exhaust port of the device housing.

The bypass valves ensure a reduction of the pressure loss due to bypassing the air flow through the countercurrent heat exchanger with low Rückkühlwirkung with and without mechanical cooling of the exhaust air supply air flow by a required activation of the mechanical cooling.

For humidity and temperature control of the room to be air conditioned in addition to the moistening a heater in the directed from the outside air opening for air inlet flow path as another unit for thermodynamic air treatment, preferably immediately upstream of the air inlet, arranged so that both the relative humidity and the temperature in particular Presence of persons in the room to be air-conditioned can be optimized by optionally connecting the humidifier and the heater.

• - Einbeziehung eines Gegenstrom-Wärmetauschers mit einem Energieaustausch zwischen einem Abluft-Zuluftstrom und einem Außenluft-Fortluftstrom;
• - Einsatz einer adiabaten Kühlung;
• - bedarfsweisen Einsatz einer mechanischen Kälteanlage;
• - optionalen Einsatz einer Befeuchtungseinrichtung und eines Heizregisters sowie
• - einer Klappenanordnung zur Steuerung der Luftströme in Abhängigkeit von der Wärmelast, dem CO₂-Gehalt der Luft und der relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit im zu klimatisierenden Raum und der Außenlufttemperatur.

The inventive configuration of the air conditioner allows depending on the outside air temperature and the exhaust air or room air temperature and the relative humidity in the room to be air conditioned, especially for rooms with high heat loads at least temporary presence of people, an effective air conditioning of the room with minimal energy supply

• - Including a countercurrent heat exchanger with an energy exchange between an exhaust air supply air flow and an outside air exhaust air flow;
• - use of adiabatic cooling;
• - On-demand use of a mechanical refrigeration system;
• - Optional use of a humidifier and a heater as well
• - A flap arrangement for controlling the air flows as a function of the heat load, the CO ₂ content of the air and the relative humidity in the room to be conditioned and the outside air temperature.

The above configuration of an air conditioner enables operation of the air conditioner having the features of claim 12.

Advantageous methods for operating the air conditioner at different outside air temperatures, the exhaust air temperatures and requirements for the temperature, composition and relative humidity of the supply air flow are the features of claims 13 to 21 refer.

• 1 einen schematischen Schnitt durch ein erfindungsgemäßes Klimagerät mit einem zweistufigen Gegenstrom-Wärmetauscher, adiabater und mechanischer Kühlung, Befeuchtungseinrichtung, Heizregister und Klappen zur Steuerung der Luftströme;
• 2 -11 in das Klimagerät gemäß 1 eingetragene Luftströme zur Klimatisierung eines Raumes bei verschiedenen Differenzen zwischen der Außenlufttemperatur und der gewünschten Zulufttemperatur ohne und mit zusätzlicher Feuchteregelung der Zuluft;
• 12 in das Klimagerät gemäß 1 eingetragene Luftströme bei Umgehung des Gegenstrom-Wärmetauschers zur Reduktion des Druckverlustes bei geringer Rückkühlwirkung und

Based on embodiments shown in the drawing to better understand the features and advantages of the air conditioner according to the invention its configuration and several operating conditions for different climatic conditions in the outdoor and in the room to be air-conditioned will be explained. Show it:

• 1 a schematic section through an inventive air conditioner with a two-stage countercurrent heat exchanger, adiabatic and mechanical cooling, humidification, heater and flaps for controlling the air flows;
• 2 - 11 in the air conditioner according to 1 registered air flows for the air conditioning of a room at different differences between the outside air temperature and the desired supply air temperature without and with additional humidity control of the supply air;
• 12 in the air conditioner according to 1 Registered air flows when bypassing the counterflow heat exchanger to reduce the pressure loss with low Rückkühlwirkung and

This in 1 in a schematic side view illustrated air conditioner has a device housing 1 on, in the connection to the room to be air-conditioned an exhaust opening 11 and one below the exhaust port 11 arranged supply air opening 12 as well as an outside air opening to the outside 14 and one below the outside air opening 14 arranged exhaust air opening 13 having. By the arrangement of the exhaust port 11 and supply air opening 12 on one side and the exhaust air opening 13 and outside air opening 14 on the other side of the device housing 1 and the positioning of the supply air opening 12 below the exhaust port 11 can the supply air opening 12 be aligned with the space of an electrical and electronic devices, in particular a computer receiving double floor.

About the exhaust port 11 becomes an exhaust air flow FROM discharged from the room to be conditioned, while on the supply air opening 12 a supply air flow TO is supplied to the room to be air conditioned. An exhaust air stream FO passes through the exhaust air opening 13 to the outside while over the outside air opening 14 an outside airflow AU the air conditioner is supplied. From this constellation arise two main flow paths, of which in the Normal operation of outdoor air exhaust air flow AU-FO directed away from the room to be conditioned, while the exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO is directed into the room to be air conditioned.

The air conditioner has several aggregates for air flow generation and thermodynamic air treatment and several controllable flaps, produced by the different air currents, treated with respect to their temperature and their moisture content, filtered and in recirculation mode as outdoor air exhaust air flow AU-FO from the outside air opening 14 via a two-stage countercurrent heat exchanger 3 to the exhaust air opening 13 and as exhaust air supply air DOWN TO from the exhaust port 11 via the two-stage countercurrent heat exchanger 3 for supply air opening 12 be directed.

The units for generating air flow consist of a near the supply air opening 12 arranged and thus the exhaust air supply air DOWN TO sucking, preferably directly driven and infinitely controllable or adjustable supply air fan 21 and one near the exhaust port 13 arranged and thus the outside air-exhaust air flow AU-FO sucking, also preferably directly driven and continuously controllable or controllable exhaust air fan 22 ,

• - dem zweistufigen Gegenstrom-Wärmetauscher 3 mit einer ersten Wärmetauscherstufe 31 und einer zweiten Wärmetauscherstufe 32, in denen ein Energieaustausch zwischen dem Abluft-Zuluftstrom AB-ZU und Außenluft-Fortluftstrom AU-FO stattfindet,
• - einer zweistufigen adiabatischen Sprühbefeuchtungseinrichtung 41, 42, mit der eine adiabate Kühlung durch Versprühen und/oder Verdunsten von Wasser erfolgt, wobei eine erste adiabatische Sprühbefeuchtungseinrichtung 41 vor dem Eintritt des Außenluft-Fortluftstromes AU-FO in eine erste Wärmetauscherstufe 31 des zweistufigen Gegenstrom-Wärmetauschers 3 und eine zweite adiabatische Sprühbefeuchtungsstufe 42 im Bereich eines ersten Übergangs 33 des Außenluft-Fortluftstromes AU-FO von der ersten Wärmetauscherstufe 31 zur zweiten Wärmetauscherstufe 32 des zweistufigen Gegenstrom-Wärmetauschers 3, vorzugsweise in Strömungsrichtung des Außenluft-Fortluftstromes AU-FO oberhalb der Öffnung der zweiten Wärmetauscherstufe 32, angeordnet ist,
• - einer mechanischen Kälteanlage mit einer Kompressor, einem vom Abluft-Zuluftstrom AB-ZU durchströmten Verdampfer 51, der vorzugsweise zwischen der zweiten Wärmetauscherstufe 32 und der Zuluftöffnung 12 angeordnet ist, und einem vom Außenluft-Fortluftstrom AU-FO durchströmten Kondensator 52, der vorzugsweise zwischen der zweiten Wärmetauscherstufe 32 und der Fortluftöffnung 13 angeordnet ist,
• - einer vorzugsweise zwischen dem Verdampfer 51 und der Zuluftöffnung 12, insbesondere zwischen dem Verdampfer 51 und dem Zuluftventilator 21, im Strömungsweg des Abluft-Zuluftstromes AB-ZU angeordneten Befeuchtungseinrichtung 8,
• - einem ebenfalls im Strömungsweg des Abluft-Zuluftstromes AB-ZU, insbesondere zwischen dem Zuluftventilator 21 und der Zuluftöffnung 12 angeordneten Heizregister 9, das als Warmwasserregister, Kondensator oder als Kombi-Reheat-Register zur Entfeuchtung und Nacherwärmung der Zuluft ZU ausgebildet sein kann, und
• - einem im Strömungsweg des Abluft-Zuluftstromes AB-ZU hinter der Abluftöffnung 11 angeordneten Abluftfilter 15 und einem im Strömungsweg des Außenluft-Fortluftstromes AU-FO hinter der Außenluftöffnung 14 angeordneten Außenluftfilter 16.

The units for thermodynamic air treatment consist of

• - The two-stage countercurrent heat exchanger 3 with a first heat exchanger stage 31 and a second heat exchanger stage 32 in which an energy exchange between the exhaust air supply air DOWN TO and outdoor air exhaust air flow AU-FO takes place,
• a two-stage adiabatic spray humidifier 41 . 42 with which an adiabatic cooling by spraying and / or evaporation of water takes place, wherein a first adiabatic spray humidifier 41 before entering the outside air exhaust air stream AU-FO in a first heat exchanger stage 31 of the two-stage countercurrent heat exchanger 3 and a second adiabatic spray humidification stage 42 in the area of a first transition 33 the outside air exhaust air stream AU- FO from the first heat exchanger stage 31 to the second heat exchanger stage 32 of the two-stage countercurrent heat exchanger 3 , preferably in the flow direction of the outside air-exhaust air stream AU-FO above the opening of the second heat exchanger stage 32 , is arranged
• - A mechanical refrigeration system with a compressor, one of the exhaust air supply air DOWN TO flowed through the evaporator 51 which is preferably between the second heat exchanger stage 32 and the supply air opening 12 is arranged, and one of the outside air-exhaust air flow AU-FO flowed through the capacitor 52 which is preferably between the second heat exchanger stage 32 and the exhaust air opening 13 is arranged
• - One preferably between the evaporator 51 and the supply air opening 12 , in particular between the evaporator 51 and the supply air fan 21 , in the flow path of the exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO arranged humidifying 8th .
• - One also in the flow path of the exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO , in particular between the supply air fan 21 and the supply air opening 12 arranged heating register 9 , as a hot water coil, condenser or combi-reheat register for dehumidification and reheating of the supply air TO can be trained, and
• - One in the flow path of the exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO behind the exhaust opening 11 arranged exhaust air filter 15 and one in the flow path of the outside air exhaust air stream AU-FO behind the outside air opening 14 arranged outside air filter 16.

To control the air flows in the air conditioner is a supply air flap 61 between the first transition 33 from the first heat exchanger stage 31 to the second heat exchanger stage 32 and the supply air opening 12 for admixing an outside air partial flow AU in the supply air stream TO arranged to supply fresh air to the room to be air conditioned in the presence of persons. An exhaust air damper 62 between a second transition 34 from the first heat exchanger stage 31 to the second heat exchanger stage 32 and the exhaust air opening 13 is used to set the volumetric flow balance by a partial volume of the exhaust air flow FROM the exhaust air stream FO is added. The supply air and exhaust air damper 61 . 62 are preferably independently adjustable continuously.

To reduce the air flow through or to bypass the two-stage countercurrent heat exchanger 3 is a first bypass flap interconnecting the flow paths 71 between the exhaust opening 11 and the opening 12 of the device housing 1 and a second bypass door interconnecting the flow paths 72 between the outside air opening 14 and the exhaust air opening 13 of the device housing 1 provided with which by the two-stage countercurrent heat exchanger 3 formed air resistance can be turned off.

In the schematic representation of 1 not shown is a control or regulating device with different in the air conditioner located and arranged in the room to be air conditioned and outdoor sensors and actuators in the form of mechanical, electrical and electronic actuators with the aggregates for air flow generation and thermodynamic air treatment and the controllable flaps is connected.

• - ein Außenluftstrom AU wird über die Außenluftöffnung 14 des Gerätegehäuses 1 angesaugt und als Außenluft-Fortluftstrom AU-FO im Umluftbetrieb über
  • - die optional aktivierbare erste Sprühbefeuchtungsstufe 41 zur adiabaten Kühlung des Außenluft-Fortluftstromes AU-FO,
  • - die erste Wärmetauscherstufe 31 des zweistufigen Gegenstrom-Wärmetauschers 3,
  • - die optional aktivierbare zweite Sprühbefeuchtungsstufe 42 zur adiabaten Kühlung des Außenluft-Fortluftstromes AU-FO,
  • - die zweite Wärmetauscherstufe 32 des zweistufigen Gegenstrom-Wärmetauschers 3 und
  • - den Kondensator 52 der optional aktivierbaren mechanischen Kälteanlage als Fortluftstrom FO über die Fortluftöffnung 13 des Gerätegehäuses 1 abgegeben und
• - ein Abluftstrom AB wird über die Abluftöffnung 11 des Gerätegehäuses 1 angesaugt und als Abluft-Zuluftstrom AB-ZU im Umluftbetrieb
  • - entgegen der Strömungsrichtung des Außenluft-Fortluftstromes AU-FO durch die erste und zweite Wärmetauscherstufe 31, 32 des Gegenstrom-Wärmetauschers 3,
  • - den Verdampfer 51 der optional aktivierbaren mechanischen Kälteanlage,
  • - die optional aktivierbare Befeuchtungseinrichtung 8 und
  • - das optional aktivierbare Heizregister 9 geführt und als Zuluftstrom ZU über die Zuluftöffnung 12 des Gerätegehäuses 1 an den zu klimatisierenden Raum abgegeben.

With the in 1 The air conditioner shown schematically, depending on the outside air temperature, the supply air temperature and the humidity of the supply air following thermodynamic treatments of the exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO and the outside air exhaust air stream AU-FO taking into account the energy consumption and in particular the climatic conditions in the room to be conditioned:

• - an outside airflow AU is via the outside air opening 14 of the device housing 1 aspirated and as outdoor air exhaust air stream AU-FO in recirculation mode via
  • - The optional activatable first spray humidification stage 41 for adiabatic cooling of the outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO .
  • - the first heat exchanger stage 31 of the two-stage countercurrent heat exchanger 3 .
  • - The optional activatable second spray humidification stage 42 for adiabatic cooling of the outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO .
  • - The second heat exchanger stage 32 of the two-stage countercurrent heat exchanger 3 and
  • - the capacitor 52 the optionally activatable mechanical refrigeration system as exhaust air flow FO over the exhaust air opening 13 of the device housing 1 delivered and
• - An exhaust air stream FROM is via the exhaust port 11 of the device housing 1 aspirated and as exhaust air supply air DOWN TO in recirculation mode
  • - Against the flow direction of the outside air-exhaust air stream AU-FO through the first and second heat exchanger stages 31 . 32 the countercurrent heat exchanger 3 .
  • - the evaporator 51 the optionally activatable mechanical refrigeration system,
  • - The optional activatable humidifier 8th and
  • - The optional activatable heating register 9 guided and as supply air TO over the supply air opening 12 of the device housing 1 delivered to the room to be air conditioned.

This results in the in the 2 to 12 shown operating conditions for recooling the exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO and for energy exchange between the exhaust air supply air DOWN TO and the outside air exhaust air stream AU-FO depending on the outside temperature T _AU , the exhaust air temperature T _AB , Supply air temperature Tzu, the resulting exhaust air temperature T _FO and the humidity of the supply air. In the schematic representations of 2 to 12 are the closed Zuluft- and exhaust air damper 61, 62 and closed bypass valves 71 . 72 crossed out and each activated or activated as needed air treatment units shown in thick lines.

In 2 is schematically the re-cooling of the suctioned from the room to be conditioned exhaust air flow FROM at outside air temperatures T _AU , which are very small compared to the regulated supply air temperatures Tzu, shown. The one exhaust air temperature T _AB having warm exhaust air supply air DOWN TO is in recirculation mode in the first heat exchanger stage 31 of the two-stage countercurrent heat exchanger 3 in countercurrent by means of the cold outside air flow AU without activation of the first adiabatic spray humidification stage 41 cooled down to a temperature Twi for adiabatic cooling, wherein the outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO is heated to a temperature T _W2 . The exhaust air supply air cooled down to the temperature Twi DOWN TO is in the second heat exchanger stage 32 of the two-stage countercurrent heat exchanger 3 by means of the heated to the temperature T _W2 outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO without switching on the second adiabatic spray humidification stage 42 further cooled and without connection of the evaporator 51 the mechanical refrigeration system as supply air flow ZU with a supply air temperature Tzu on the supply air opening 12 delivered to the room to be conditioned, while in the second heat exchanger stage 32 further heated outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO without connection of the capacitor 52 the mechanical refrigeration system as exhaust air flow FO with a temperature T _FO over the exhaust air opening 13 is delivered to the outside.

To control the supply air temperature Tzu is the over the exhaust air opening 13 of the device housing 1 discharged exhaust air flow FO , in particular by changing the flow rate of the exhaust fan 22 , varies. By controlling the exhaust air flow FO takes place at a low exhaust air flow FO a low heat transfer from the exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO to outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO , so that the supply air temperature Tzu is increased, while a strong exhaust air flow, a large heat transfer from the exhaust air supply air DOWN TO to outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO takes place, whereby the supply air temperature Tzu is reduced.

In this mode of operation is T _AB > Twi ≥ T _FO > Tzu >> T _AU ,

The in 3 schematically illustrated operation of the air conditioner differs from that in 2 shown operation to the effect that to control the humidity in the room to be conditioned, the evaporator 51 and the capacitor 52 the mechanical refrigeration system, the humidifier 8th and the heating register 9 be activated so that the exhaust air supply air DOWN TO through the evaporator 51 the activated mechanical refrigeration system, the activated humidifier 8th and the activated heating register 9 and the exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO through the capacitor 52 the activated mechanical refrigeration system are performed.

4 schematically shows an operation of the air conditioner, in the case of substantially coinciding climatic conditions as in 2 through controlled opening of the inlet flap 61 a part of the outside air exhaust air stream AU-FO for fresh air control the supply air flow TO and for volume flow balance a part of the exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO through controlled opening of the exhaust air damper 62 the exhaust air stream FO is added.

At the in 5 schematically illustrated operation of the air conditioner is the outside air temperature T _AU smaller than the supply air temperature Tzu to be regulated but higher than the outside air temperature T _AU in the operation according to 2 , The over the outside air opening 14 the air conditioner with the outside air temperature T _AU supplied outside airflow AU cools in the first heat exchanger stage 31 the one with a temperature T _AB warm exhaust air flow FROM down to a temperature Twi and is doing as outdoor air exhaust air stream AU-FO heated to a temperature T _W3 . The heated outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO is controlled by the second spray humidification stage 42 adiabatic, for example, on the outside air temperature T _AU recooled and cooled in the second heat exchanger stage 32 of the two-stage countercurrent heat exchanger 3 cooled down to the temperature Twi exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO further down, the as supply air TO with a supply air temperature Tzu via the supply air opening 12 is delivered to the room to be air conditioned. The outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO is after the adiabatic cooling and cooling of the exhaust air supply air DOWN TO in the second heat exchanger stage 32 of the two-stage countercurrent heat exchanger 3 as heated exhaust air flow FO with an exhaust air temperature T _FO over the exhaust air opening 13 delivered to the outside.

In this mode of operation applies T _AB > T _W1 ≈ T _W3 ≈ T _FO > T _W2 ≈ T _AU ≈ T _ZU ,

The in 6 schematically illustrated operation of the air conditioner differs from that in 5 shown operation to the effect that to control the humidity in the room to be conditioned, the evaporator 51 and the capacitor 52 the mechanical refrigeration system, the humidifier 8th and the heating register 9 be activated as needed, the exhaust air supply air DOWN TO through the evaporator 51 the activated mechanical refrigeration system, the activated humidifier 8 and the activated heater 9 and the exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO through the capacitor 52 the activated mechanical refrigeration system are performed.

At the in 7 schematically illustrated operation of the air conditioner is the outside air temperature T _AU smaller than the supply air temperature Tzu to be regulated but higher than the outside air temperature T _AU in the operation according to 2 , In this mode of operation is based on an adiabatic cooling of the outside air flow AU in the first and second adiabatic spray humidification stages 41 . 42 and instead the mechanical refrigeration system by switching on the evaporator 51 and capacitor 52 activated. In addition, the supply air flap is opened by controlled opening 61 a part of the outside air exhaust air stream AU- FO for fresh air control of the room to be conditioned the supply air flow TO and for volume flow balance a part of the exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO through controlled opening of the exhaust air damper 62 the exhaust air stream FO added.

The over the outside air opening 14 the air conditioner with the outside air temperature T _AU supplied outside airflow AU cools in the first heat exchanger stage 31 the one with a temperature T _AB warm exhaust air flow FROM down to a temperature Twi and is doing as outdoor air exhaust air stream AU-FO heated to a temperature T _W3 , which is approximately equal to the temperature Twi. Part of the heated to the temperature T _W3 outside air-exhaust air flow AU-FO is due to the controlled opening of the inlet flap 61 the supply air flow TO admixed and the remaining part of the outside air exhaust air stream AU -FO in countercurrent at the cooled down to the temperature Twi exhaust air supply air DOWN TO because of the substantially same temperature T _W3 without heat absorption from the exhaust air supply air stream DOWN TO with this temperature T _W3 through the capacitor 52 where it is heated and as a warm stream of exhaust air FO over the exhaust air opening 13 is delivered to the outside.

The one in the first heat exchanger stage 31 down to the temperature Twi cooled exhaust air supply air DOWN TO is through the evaporator 51 passed the mechanical refrigeration system and cooled down there to the supply air temperature Tzu and discharged through the supply air opening 12 to the room to be conditioned.

In this mode of operation is T _AB ≈ T _FO > T _W1 ≈ T _W3 > T _AU ≈ T _TO

At outside air temperatures T _AU , which are greater than or equal to the supply air temperatures Tzu to be controlled, is according to the schematic representation of 8th the over the outside air opening 14 sucked outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO by controlled connection of the first spray humidification stage 41 cooled adiabatically before entering the first heat exchanger stage 31 thermal energy from the supply air temperature Tzu having exhaust air supply air DOWN TO absorbs, which is thereby cooled down to the temperature Twi. The heated to the temperature T _W3 outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO is controlled by the second spray humidification stage 42 cooled again adiabatically and cooled in the second heat exchanger stage 32 the cooled to the temperature Twi exhaust air supply air DOWN TO down to the supply air temperature Tzu and is via the exhaust air opening 13 as heated exhaust air flow FO discharged to the outside, while the cooled supply air flow TO over the supply air opening 12 is delivered to the room to be air conditioned.

The in 9 schematically illustrated operation of the air conditioner differs from that in 8th shown operation to the effect that to control the humidity in the room to be conditioned, the evaporator 51 and the capacitor 52 the mechanical refrigeration system, the humidifier 8th and the heating register 9 be activated as needed, the exhaust air supply air DOWN TO through the evaporator 51 the activated mechanical refrigeration system, the activated humidifier 8th and the activated heating register 9 and the exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO through the capacitor 52 the activated mechanical refrigeration system are performed.

10 schematically shows an operation of the air conditioner, in the case of substantially coinciding climatic conditions as in 8th and 9 for fresh air regulation through controlled opening of the inlet flap 61 a part of the outside air exhaust air stream AU-FO the supply air flow TO and for volume flow balance a part of the exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO through controlled opening of the exhaust air damper 62 the exhaust air stream FO is added. The recooling of the exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO takes place without activating the adiabatic cooling by means of the evaporator 51 the mechanical refrigeration system with appropriate integration of the capacitor 52 the mechanical refrigeration system, which transfers the heat to the via the exhaust air opening 13 guided exhaust air flow FO emits.

At very high outside air temperatures T _AU is according to 11 activates both adiabatic and mechanical cooling. This is the over the outside air opening 14 supplied outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO by controlled connection of the first spray humidification stage 41 cooled adiabat and takes in the first heat exchanger stage 31 thermal energy from the exhaust air supply air stream DOWN TO on. The heated outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO is controlled by the second spray humidification stage 42 cooled again adiabatically and cooled in the second heat exchanger stage 32 the cooled exhaust air supply air stream DOWN TO further down before this the evaporator 51 flows through the mechanical refrigeration system and further cooled down there as supply air TO over the supply air opening 12 is delivered to the room to be air conditioned. The in the second heat exchanger stage 32 reheated outside air exhaust air flow AU -FO flows through the capacitor 52 the mechanical refrigeration system, is further heated there and as a warm exhaust air flow FO delivered to the outside.

To reduce the pressure loss with low Rückkühlwirkung according to 12 the exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO by opening the first bypass flap 71 and the outside air exhaust air flow AU-FO by opening the second bypass flap 72 on the two-stage countercurrent heat exchanger 3 bypassed and the exhaust air supply air flow DOWN TO by activation of the mechanical refrigeration system 51 . 52 be recooled.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

device housing

3

Counterflow heat exchanger

8th

humidifying

9

heater

11

exhaust vent

12

air intake opening

13

Exhaust air opening

14

Outside air opening

15

exhaust filter

16

Outside air filter

21

supply air fan

22

Exhaust fan

31

first heat exchanger stage

32

second heat exchanger stage

33

first transition

34

second transition

41

first spray humidification stage

42

second spray humidification stage

51

Evaporator

52

capacitor

61

inlet flap

62

Exhaust air damper

71, 72

bypass dampers

FROM

exhaust air flow

AU

Outside air flow

FO

Fort airflow

TO

supply air flow

DOWN TO

Exhaust-supply air flow

AU-FO

Outside air exhaust air flow AU- TO Outside air supply air flow

AB FO

Outward exhaust air flow

T _AU

Outside air temperature

T _ZU

supply air temperature

T _FO

Exhaust air temperature

T _AB

exhaust air temperature

T _W1 - T _W3

Heat exchanger temperature

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102004049621 A1 [0005]
• DD 131792 [0006]
• DE 4441066 A1 [0007]
• DE 10255530 B3 [0008]

Claims (21)

Air conditioner with - a device housing (1) with an exhaust port (11), supply air (12), exhaust air opening (13) and outside air opening (14) for guiding an outside air flow (AU), exhaust air stream (AB), exhaust air flow (FO) and supply air flow (ZU ), - Aggregates (21, 22, 3, 41, 42, 51, 52, 8, 9) for air flow generation and thermodynamic air treatment with - a supply and exhaust air fan (21, 22) for generating the air flows, - a mechanical refrigeration system with an evaporator (51) and a condenser (52), a humidifying device (8), a device for adiabatic cooling (41, 42) of at least part of the air flows, a device for transmitting thermal energy (3) between the flow paths, - Flaps (61, 62, 71, 72) for controlling the air flows and - a device for controlling the humidity and temperature of the supply air flow, characterized by a two-stage counterflow heat exchanger (3) for transmitting thermal energy z Wiping an outside air-exhaust air flow (AU-FO) and an exhaust air supply air flow (AB-ZU) in the recirculation mode and a two-stage adiabatic spray humidifier (41, 42) in the flow path of the outside air-exhaust air flow (AU-FO). Air conditioner after Claim 1 characterized by a first spray humidification stage (41) prior to entering the outside air exhaust air stream (AU-FO) into a first heat exchanger stage (31) of the two stage countercurrent heat exchanger (3) and a second spray humidification stage (42) in the region of a first junction (33 ) of the outside air exhaust air stream (AU-FO) from the first heat exchanger stage (31) to a second heat exchanger stage (32) of the two-stage countercurrent heat exchanger (3). Air conditioner after Claim 2 , characterized in that the second Sprühbefeuchtungsstufe (42) in the flow direction of the outside air-exhaust air stream (AU-FO) above the opening of the second heat exchanger stage (32) of the two-stage countercurrent heat exchanger (3) is arranged. Air conditioner according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the exhaust air opening (11) and supply air opening (12) on the one hand and the exhaust air opening (13) and outer air opening (14) on the other hand in each case on one side of the device housing (1) are arranged. Air conditioner according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the exhaust port (11) of the device housing (1) is arranged above the supply air opening (12), wherein between the two-stage countercurrent heat exchanger (3) and the supply air opening (12) of the evaporator (51) of the mechanical refrigeration system, the humidifying device (8), and a supply air fan (21) are arranged. Air conditioner according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by a supply air flap (61) between the first transition (33) from the first heat exchanger stage (31) to the second heat exchanger stage (32) and the inlet air opening (12) for admixing an outside air substream (AU) in the supply air (ZU) and an exhaust air flap (62) between a second transition (34) from the first heat exchanger stage (31) to the second heat exchanger stage (32) and the exhaust air opening (13) for volume flow balance by admixing an exhaust partial stream (AB) in the exhaust air flow (FO). Air conditioner according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by - a first bypass flap (71) connecting the flow paths between the exhaust air opening (11) and the inlet opening (12) of the device housing (1) and - a second bypass flap (72) interconnecting the flow paths between the outside air opening (14) and the exhaust air opening (13) of the device housing (1). Air conditioner according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the two-stage countercurrent heat exchanger (3) and the exhaust air opening (13) an exhaust air fan (22) and the condenser (52) of the mechanical refrigeration system are arranged. Air conditioner according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by arranged in the flow paths , directly driven and continuously controllable or adjustable Zuluft- and exhaust air fans (21, 22). Air conditioner according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the from the outside air opening (14) for supply air opening (12) directed flow path as a further unit for thermodynamic air treatment, a heating coil (9), preferably immediately upstream of the supply air opening (12) is arranged , Air conditioner according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supply air opening (12) of the device housing (1) opens into the intermediate space of an electrical and electronic devices, in particular a computer system receiving double bottom. Method for operating an air conditioner according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - an outside air flow (AU) via the outside air opening (14) of the device housing (1) sucked and as outside air exhaust air flow (AU-FO) in the recirculation mode over - the optional activatable first spray humidification stage (41) for adiabatic cooling of the outside air exhaust air stream (AU-FO), - the first heat exchanger stage (31) of the two-stage countercurrent heat exchanger (3), - the optionally activatable second spray humidification stage (42) for adiabatic cooling of the outside air Exhaust air stream (AU-FO), - the second heat exchanger stage (32) of the two-stage countercurrent heat exchanger (3) and - the condenser (52) of the optionally activatable mechanical refrigeration system as exhaust air flow (FO) via the exhaust air opening (13) of the device housing (1) is discharged and - an exhaust air stream (AB) via the exhaust port (11) of the device housing (1) sucked and as exhaust air Zuluftst rom (AB-ZU) in recirculation mode - against the flow direction of the outside air-exhaust air flow (AU-FO) through the first and second heat exchanger stage (31, 32) of the countercurrent heat exchanger (3), - the evaporator (51) of the optionally activatable mechanical Refrigeration system, - the optionally activatable humidifying device (8) and - the optional activatable heating coil (9) out and delivered as supply air (ZU) via the supply air opening (12) of the device housing (1) to the room to be air conditioned. Method according to Claim 12 , characterized in that for the recooling of the sucked from the room to be conditioned exhaust air flow (AB) at outside air temperatures (T _AU ), which are very small compared to the supply air temperatures to be controlled (Tzu), the outside air flow (AU) without adiabatic spray humidification for adiabatic cooling and without switching on the mechanical refrigeration system (51, 52) and the exhaust air stream (AB) in the first and second heat exchanger stage (31, 32) of the two-stage countercurrent heat exchanger (3) in countercurrent thermal energy exchange and on the one hand as exhaust air flow (FO) via the exhaust air opening (13) of the device housing (1) and on the other hand as supply air (ZU) via the supply air opening (12) of the device housing (1) are discharged. Method according to Claim 13 , characterized in that for controlling the supply air temperature (Tzu) of the exhaust air opening (13) of the device housing (1) discharged exhaust air flow (FO), in particular by changing the flow rate of the exhaust air fan (22) is varied. Method according to one of Claims 12 to 14 , characterized in that for controlling the humidity in the room to be conditioned, the mechanical refrigeration system (51, 52), the humidifying device (8) and the heating coil (9) are activated such that the exhaust air supply air flow (AB-ZU) through the evaporator (51) the activated mechanical refrigeration system (51, 52), the activated humidifying device (8) and the activated heating coil (9) and the outside air exhaust air flow (AU-FO) through the condenser (52) of the activated mechanical refrigeration system (51, 52 ). Method according to one of Claims 13 to 15 , characterized in that at outside air temperatures (T _AU ), which are smaller than the supply air temperatures to be controlled (Tzu), via the outside air opening (14) supplied outside air exhaust air flow (AU-FO) in the first heat exchanger stage (31) thermal energy from the exhaust air supply air stream (AB-ZU) receives, the heated outside air exhaust air stream (AU-FO) is adiabatically cooled by controlled connection of the second Sprühbefeuchtungsstufe (42), and that the cooled exhaust air supply air flow (AB-ZU) by emitting thermal energy is recooled further to the adiabatically cooled outside air exhaust air stream (AU-FO) in the second heat exchanger stage (32). Method according to Claim 12 , characterized in that at outside air temperatures (T _AU ), which are greater than or equal to the supply air temperatures to be controlled (Tzu), the outside air exhaust air flow (AU-FO) supplied via the outside air opening (14) by controlled connection of the first spray humidification stage (41) adiabatically cooled, the adiabatically cooled outside air exhaust air stream (AU-FO) in the first heat exchanger stage (31) receives thermal energy from the exhaust air supply air stream (AB-ZU), the heated outside air exhaust air stream (AU-FO) by controlled connection of second Sprühbefeuchtungsstufe (42) is cooled adiabatically and the cooled exhaust air supply air flow (AB-ZU) by delivering thermal energy to the second spray humidification stage (42) adiabatically cooled outside air exhaust air flow (AU-FO) in the second heat exchanger stage (32) on is recooled. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 12 to 17 , characterized by a humidity control of the supply air flow (ZU) by activation of the humidifying device (8) and / or the mechanical refrigeration system (51, 52) and / or the heating register (9). Method according to one of the preceding Claims 12 to 18 characterized in that by regulated opening of the inlet flap (61) a part of the outside air-exhaust air flow (AU-FO) the supply air flow (ZU) and the volume flow balance part of the exhaust air supply air flow (AB-ZU) by controlled opening of the exhaust air flap (62) is admixed to the exhaust air flow (FO). Method according to one of the preceding Claims 12 to 19 , characterized in that the mechanical refrigeration system (52, 52) is switched on, if necessary, with infinitely variable or stepped variable cooling capacity. Method according to Claim 12 , characterized in that the exhaust air supply air flow (AB-ZU) by opening the first bypass flap (71) and the outside air-exhaust air flow (AU-FO) by opening the second bypass flap (72) are guided past the two-stage counterflow heat exchanger (3) and the exhaust air supply air flow (AB-ZU) is recooled by activating the mechanical refrigeration system.

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