WO2023094478A1

WO2023094478A1 - System for the air conditioning of a building

Info

Publication number: WO2023094478A1
Application number: PCT/EP2022/083034
Authority: WO
Inventors: Tobias Schweighart
Original assignee: Envola GmbH
Priority date: 2021-11-24
Filing date: 2022-11-23
Publication date: 2023-06-01
Also published as: DE102021130845A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for the air conditioning of a building which has a back-ventilated planar element that is connected to at least one exhaust duct for the removal of air from the back ventilation, and which is provided with an air-conditioning unit that is connected to a fluid circuit of a heat pump, wherein: the exhaust duct and an additional fluid circuit of the heat pump are connected to an energy accumulator located outside of the building; the energy accumulator, for the transfer of energy and for the storage of energy, comprises a heat exchanger in a liquid reservoir that is connected to the additional fluid circuit of the heat pump via the heat exchanger; and the air is guided out of the exhaust duct into the liquid reservoir via a heat transfer element.

Description

SYSTEM FOR AIR CONDITIONING OF A BUILDING

The invention relates to a system for air conditioning a building.

It is known from the general state of the art to take appropriate precautions during the change of seasons in order to keep indoor temperatures in a temperature range that is comfortable for the users. Different types of heaters are used to increase the temperature, while the temperature is often lowered by air conditioning units, which feed outside air into the interior after it has been cooled down accordingly via a cooling compressor.

Modern systems are used as so-called ventilation and air conditioning systems, in which the outside air can be fed into the interior of the building as supply air via a heat exchanger using a radial fan. Exhaust air is often fed to the heat exchanger by means of an evaporative cooler, with the air sucked in by another radial fan leaving the building as exhaust air. In addition to various filters for cleaning the air, additional heaters can also be used so that interior ventilation is possible.

An example of such a ventilation and air conditioning system is known from DE 10 2018 213274 A1. In this document, an air conditioner with a device housing with an exhaust air opening, supply air opening, exhaust air opening and outside air opening, a supply air and exhaust air fan, in circulating air operation of an outside air exhaust air flow and exhaust air supply air flow one behind the other and in outside air operation of the exhaust air exhaust air flow and outside air supply air flow one above the other is arranged cross-flow heat exchangers with heat exchanger bypass flaps arranged in the flow paths of the outside air supply air flow and the exhaust air flow of exhaust air for the transfer of thermal energy between the air flows men, a hybrid refrigeration system with a compressor, an evaporator and a condenser as well as a water/water glycol refrigerant heat exchanger as an additional condenser, a reheating device, a device for adiabatic spray humidification, flaps for controlling the air flows and a device for regulating the humidity and Temperature at least a part of the air flows described.

It is also known to supply outside air to an interior space, with all the interior spaces of a building being connected via a common exhaust air duct, via which the exhaust air can be supplied to a heat pump, so that the energy contained in the exhaust air can be used before leaving the building as exhaust air, for example a Hot water tank that can be supplied via the heat pump. Such exhaust air heat pumps contribute to the energy efficiency of a building.

DE 29 26 610 A1 discloses a memory for providing the input heat energy at a low temperature level for heat pump systems, which absorb this energy and release it again at a higher temperature level. A pool of water is designed in such a way that its water content can freeze without damaging the pool and that a heat exchanger system located on the pool floor or embedded in the pool floor allows the cooling and freezing heat of this pool to be fed to the cold side of a heat pump.

In addition to using an artificial water basin, it is also known to use natural bodies of water as a storage medium.

An energy store is known from DE 10 2015 104 909 A1, which has a heat exchanger which is floating on a lower basin designed as a lake and which can preferably be filled with water via a first supply line. is arranged, with water from the lower reservoir being supplied via a second feed line and coolant penetrating the heat exchanger being fed via a third feed line to a heat pump in separate circuits, so that energy is released via the heat exchanger with the water in the lower reservoir icing up or in the form of sensible heat from the water of the lower basin can be removed and passed on to a consumer for heat dissipation and/or cold dissipation.

Furthermore, DE 10 2015 121 177 A1 discloses a floating device for introducing thermal energy into a body of water and for extracting thermal energy from the body of water, which has a water heat exchanger that is immersed in the body of water after the device has been inserted and a Has an inlet and an outlet for a heat transfer fluid that can deliver thermal energy to the water body or withdraw heat energy from the body of water. The device also has an air heat exchanger, which can be penetrated by ambient air and also has an inlet for water originating from the body of water with a corresponding outlet, so that water can flow from the body of water through the air heat exchanger, with thermal energy between the air heat exchanger ambient air flowing through and the water flowing through the air heat exchanger.

The devices described above usually interact with a heat pump installed in a building. This can be supplied with electrical energy, for example, via the power grid or your own power storage unit.

Against this background, the task now arises of creating a system for air conditioning of interior spaces which, in comparison to previous systems, enables year-round use and has lower installation costs with higher energy efficiency.

This object is solved by the features of patent claim 1. Further advantageous configurations of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims. These can be combined with one another in a technologically sensible manner. The description, in particular in connection with the drawing, additionally characterizes and specifies the invention.

According to the invention, a system for air conditioning a building is specified, which has a rear-ventilated surface element which is connected to at least one exhaust air duct for removing the air from the rear ventilation, and which is provided with an air conditioning device which is connected to a fluid circuit of a heat pump, wherein the exhaust air duct and a further fluid circuit of the heat pump are connected to an energy store arranged outside the building, wherein the energy store is designed for energy transmission and energy storage with a heat exchanger in a liquid reservoir, which is connected via the heat exchanger to the further fluid circuit of the heat pump, the air from the exhaust air duct being fed into the liquid reservoir via a heat exchanger.

Therefore, according to the present invention, in the indoor air conditioning system, the air conditioner is used for heating and cooling the outside air by means of the heat pump. The space heaters that are often present in regions with a heating requirement can be omitted. The air from the rear ventilation of the building's surface element is routed via the energy store and blown off as exhaust air. A large part of the energy is recovered with the heat pump via the further fluid circuit. In contrast to the previously used space heaters in combination with air conditioning units, installation costs are significantly reduced. Air conditioners are in regions with a heating requirement, for example in winter, often without a function, since underfloor heating is used as room heating for reasons of comfort. Known air conditioners also have a connection for supplying outside air as supply air, but this is added to the supply air only in connection with a recirculation function in a predetermined ratio and which often has to be provided preheated as so-called primary air. Overall, the energy efficiency of the system according to the invention for air conditioning interior spaces is higher than in the systems known from the prior art, since the energy-intensive air ventilation is largely eliminated.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the air from the rear ventilation of the surface element, after leaving the heat exchanger in the liquid reservoir, is routed to an air heat exchanger that is also connected to the heat pump. The air can mix with outside air before the air heat exchanger.

Accordingly, the inventive concept is expanded such that after flowing through the heat exchanger in the liquid reservoir, the exhaust air now leaving the system is fed to an air heat exchanger, with the air from the rear ventilation of the surface element being able to mix with outside air in front of the air heat exchanger. The energy still contained in the air from the rear ventilation of the surface element can now also be used via the air heat exchanger, whereby it has proven to be advantageous to first feed the air from the rear ventilation of the surface element to a heat exchanger with a liquid reservoir and not to mix it immediately with the outside air , since in this way possibly large temperature differences can be avoided. The combination of the first heat exchanger in the liquid reservoir and the second heat exchanger as an air heat exchanger in combination tion with the supply of outside air allows a very efficient operation of the system according to the invention.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the air heat exchanger is arranged above the liquid reservoir in such a way that a radially inwardly directed air flow from exhaust air and outside air can be generated through the air heat exchanger by means of a fan arranged inside, with the air flow leaving the system in a central area.

Advantageously, the air flow of the air from the rear ventilation of the surface element leaves the liquid reservoir along an outer circumference of the liquid reservoir, so that the air heat exchanger then advantageously flows radially inward again, so that the air flow can leave the system in a central area. In this way, an air flow is made possible, which follows the arrangement of the individual components without major deflections around obstacles, so that overall a simple construction of the energy store is possible.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, an air inlet for outside air is embodied in the form of a slot along an outer circumference of a cover and an air outlet for outside air and air from the rear ventilation of the planar element is preferably formed centrally on the cover.

The flow of outside air through the air heat exchanger can be easily achieved in this way, so that a compact design of the energy storage device contributes to overall reduced installation costs of the system for air conditioning of interior spaces.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the surface element is a photovoltaic system with rear ventilation. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the surface element is a facade element with rear ventilation.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the air is guided out of the rear ventilation of the planar element by means of a fan or a ventilator.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, further exhaust air is supplied to the air from the rear ventilation of the planar element.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the energy store is connected via a further heat pump to an air-conditioning device for air-conditioning the interior of the building. Accordingly, an air conditioner is arranged on a ceiling, on a wall or in a parapet of the interior.

Depending on the design of the interior, the refrigeration device can be arranged at different locations, with different configurations of the refrigeration device being able to be selected here if it is to be used in a residential building or in an office building. In addition to the connection lines to the heat pump and an outside air supply, a connection to the exhaust air duct must also be created for the cooling unit.

The energy stored in the liquid reservoir of the energy storage device can be used to heat the outside air via the heat pump using the fluid circuit, so that there is a pleasant indoor climate when heating is required. The discharged exhaust air is in turn fed to the energy store so that the energy contained therein can be extracted. When cooling is required, the air conditioning unit cools the outside air before it is released as supply air into the interior using the fluid circuit of the heat pump. In addition to the function of a room tion, the system according to the invention can also be used for air conditioning of interior spaces. The air conditioner often works in recirculation mode. If neither heating nor cooling of the room air is desired, the air conditioner can work in a recirculation mode to exchange used room air, so that staying in the interior is possible under improved conditions.

Some exemplary embodiments are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. Show it:

Figure 1 is a side view of a system according to the invention in a schematic representation,

FIG. 2 shows a sectional view through an energy store for use in a system according to FIG. 1,

FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the energy store from FIG. 2,

FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a surface element for use in a system according to FIG.

FIG. 5 shows a further schematic illustration of a surface element for use in a system according to FIG. 1, and

FIG. 6 shows a further schematic representation of a surface element for use in a system according to FIG.

In the figures, identical or functionally equivalent components are provided with the same reference symbols. FIG. 1 shows a system 2 according to the invention for air conditioning a building 6 in one embodiment. The building 6 can be a residential building or an office building, for example. However, the invention can be applied to different types of buildings, the example shown should therefore be considered non-limiting. The building 6 has, for example, a facade cladding attached to a side wall as a surface element 4 . In this case, the planar element 4 is equipped with rear ventilation, from which air that rises and is being heated from the rear ventilation of the planar element 4 is supplied to an exhaust air duct 10 . In the example shown, the surface element 4 is attached to a side wall of the building 6 . However, the surface element 4 can also be spaced apart from it, for example on a carport or the like.

The exhaust air duct 10 is connected via a supply line 12 to an energy store 14 which has a liquid reservoir 16 in a lower part, in which a heat exchanger 18 is located. The energy store 14, which will be explained in detail in FIG. 2, is arranged outside the building 6 and will typically be buried in the ground. An air heat exchanger 22 is located above the liquid reservoir 16 over an insulating layer 20.

The air heat exchanger 22 is arranged in several segments around a central area 24 of the energy store 14 . The exhaust air supplied via the supply line 12 is first routed via a heat exchanger, not shown in Figure 1, which lies below the insulation layer 20 and is marked in Figure 1 with the reference number 26, so that the energy contained in the exhaust air is first supplied to the liquid reservoir 16 . After passing through the heat exchanger 26, the air is guided radially from the outside through the air heat exchanger 22 and leaves the system 2 in the central area 24. A fluid circuit 28 is provided for the operation of the heat exchanger 18, which connects the heat exchanger 18 with a preferably inside the building 6 Heat pump 30 connects. Furthermore, the heat pump 30 can also be connected to other components, such as a hot water tank 40 which is connected to a heater 42 . However, these components do not form part of the invention, so that a detailed description thereof can be omitted.

In Figure 2, the energy store 14 is shown again in a cross-sectional view. In the liquid reservoir 16 , the energy store 14 has a multiplicity of pipes which are connected to the heat pump 30 via the fluid circuit 28 . Typically, the liquid reservoir 16 will be filled with water or a paraffin compound. Above the liquid is the heat exchanger 26, through which the heated air from the rear ventilation of the surface element 4 flows radially outwards, so that the air now exits as exhaust air 44 in the area of a gap between the insulation layer 20 and an outer shell 46. In the central area 24 there is a fan 48, which draws in the exhaust air 44 together with outside air 50, which can flow in radially from the outside between the sleeve 26 and a cover 52, in the direction of the central area 24, where the air then leaves the system 2.

The air heat exchanger 22 is above the liquid reservoir 16 above the insulation layer 20. The air supplied via the supply line 12 from the rear ventilation of the planar element 4 is first conducted via the heat exchanger 26, so that the energy contained in the air is first fed to the liquid reservoir 16. After passing through the heat exchanger 26, the air is guided radially from the outside through the air heat exchanger 22 and leaves the system 2 in the central area 24. For the operation of the heat exchanger 18, in addition to the fluid circuit 28, which connects the heat exchanger 18 to a heat pump 30 preferably located inside building 6, there is another fluid circuit, not shown in the figures, which connects the air heat exchanger 22 to the heat pump 30 located inside building 6 .

With reference to Figure 3, the distribution of the air from the rear ventilation of the surface element 4 is shown again in detail. It can be seen that the air from the rear ventilation of the surface element 4 is fed to the heat exchanger 26 at one point, so that after penetrating the heat exchanger 26 it is again radial leaves to the outside. Heat exchanger 26 can be made of metal with a large number of lamellae, in particular radially aligned lamellae, which guide the air flow as shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the planar element 4 in a schematic sectional view. When surface element 4 is solar cells 60 in the form of roof tiles. The roof tiles 60 are fastened to a substructure and are separated from one another by means of cross braces 64 and overlap like the conventional structure of a roof. Incoming air 66 flows through the surface element 4 on the underside of the solar cells 60 and ensures the desired rear ventilation. Schematically indicated is the exiting air 68, which leaves the planar element 4 as air from the rear ventilation in the supply to the exhaust air duct 10 already described in connection with FIG. Instead of solar cells 60 in the form of roof tiles, a photovoltaic system can also be used as the surface element 4 .

A further embodiment of the surface element 4 is shown in FIG.

The surface element 4 is here a facade element, which is shown in Figure 5 in a sectional view. The facade element 70 is on the building spaced from an insulation 72 so that air can enter behind the facade element 70 from below and is guided upwards, where it is supplied to the exhaust air duct 10 as air from the rear ventilation of the surface element 4, as indicated by the arrows 74. The insulating layer 72 is arranged directly on a masonry 76 .

This structure is shown again in somewhat more detail in FIG. The facade cladding 80 is fastened to horizontal battens 82, with a roofing membrane 84 being arranged over insulation 86 lying behind it. The insulation 86 is embedded in a substructure made of squared timber 88, which lies directly on the masonry 90. The flow of air from the rear ventilation of the planar element 4 is again shown by arrows 74 .

In the system 2 for air conditioning, an unillustrated air conditioner is used for heating and cooling the outside air by means of the heat pump 30 . The space heaters that are often present in regions with a heating requirement can be omitted. The heated air from the rear ventilation of the planar element 4 of the building 6 is passed over the energy store 14 and then blown off. The air from the rear ventilation of the surface element 4 can be supplied with a ventilator or a fan. A large part of the energy is recovered with the heat pump 30 via the further fluid circuit 28 .

The features specified above and in the claims, as well as the features that can be inferred from the illustrations, can be advantageously implemented both individually and in various combinations. The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described, but can be modified in many ways within the scope of specialist knowledge.

Claims

Expectations:

1 . System for air-conditioning a building (6), which has a rear-ventilated surface element which is connected to at least one exhaust air duct (10) for removing the air from the rear ventilation, and which is provided with an air-conditioning device (34) which is connected to a fluid circuit of a heat pump is connected, the exhaust air duct (10) and a further fluid circuit (28) of the heat pump being connected to an energy store (14) arranged outside the building (6), the energy store (14) being connected to a heat exchanger (18 ) in a liquid reservoir (16), which is connected to the further fluid circuit (28) of the heat pump (30) via the heat exchanger (18), the air from the exhaust air duct (10) being fed via a heat exchanger (26) into the Liquid reservoir (16) is performed.

2. System according to claim 1, in which the air, after leaving the heat exchanger (18) in the liquid reservoir (16), is guided to an air heat exchanger (22) which is also connected to the heat pump (30).

3. System according to claim 2, wherein the air before the air heat exchanger (22) mixes with outside air.

4. System according to claim 2 or 3, in which the air heat exchanger (22) is arranged above the liquid reservoir (16) such that a radially inwardly directed air flow can be generated through the air heat exchanger (22) by means of a fan (48) arranged in the interior , wherein the air flow leaves the system (2) in a central area (24).

5. System according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an air inlet (50) for the air slit-shaped along an outer circumference of a cover (52) and an air outlet for air and outside air are preferably formed centrally on the cover.

6. System according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the surface element is a photovoltaic system with rear ventilation.

7. System according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the surface element is a facade element with rear ventilation.

8. System according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the air from the rear ventilation of the surface element is guided by means of a fan or a fan.

9. System according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the air from the rear ventilation of the surface element is supplied with further exhaust air.

10. System according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the energy store is connected via a further heat pump to an air conditioner for air conditioning of interior spaces of the building.