DE102018206026A1 - Braking device and operating method for a car of an elevator installation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a braking device (50) for braking a car (1), a car (1) with such a braking device (50), an elevator installation (10) with such a car (1), and a method for operating a braking device ( 50) with the method step: setting, in particular triggering, a blocking state (30) or a release state (20) of a locking element (52) as a function of an operating state of the elevator installation (10).

Description

The invention relates to a braking device for braking a car on a shaft brake surface of an elevator installation, as well as a car of an elevator installation with at least one such braking device and an elevator installation with at least one such car. In addition, the invention relates to a method for operating a braking device.

The cars of elevator systems usually have both a service brake for desired braking operations during operation of the elevator system and a safety gear for an emergency backup of the respective car against falling in the shaft in case of malfunction of the elevator system. In conventional cable lifts, the service brake is positioned on the cable drive, the car is the safety gear.

In a typical configuration, for example, two or four brakes are arranged on a car, in particular to provide redundancy with service brake and safety gear and / or optionally to allow braking on a plurality of guide rails of the elevator shaft.

To close and release such brakes, the elevator systems often have a pneumatic and / or hydraulic supply. In order to make the brakes fail-safe (failsave), a brake actuator for closing (= off) the brake has a compression spring with a sufficient pressing force to give a braking member for setting the car a sufficient pressing force on the shaft braking surface (for example, the surface of a guide rail) , An opening (= release) of the brake takes place against the spring force by means of pneumatic or hydraulic back pressure. The brake is thus formed "normally closed".

If pressure can no longer be built up, for example due to a malfunction of the hydraulics or the pneumatics on the car, all the brakes close due to the spring force. Although the car is then in a safe state, but represents an obstacle to the operation of the elevator system. However, before the removal of the defective car from the elevator shaft into a maintenance room, the tightly closed brakes must be opened, which is difficult against the spring force of the compression spring if there is no hydraulics or pneumatics available due to the defect.

The wedge brakes often used in elevator systems facilitate the release of the brakes in such a situation in which it is possible to lift the car against the Selbstverstärkungsrichtung the wedge brake.

The invention is applicable, for example, in elevator systems with at least one car, in particular a plurality of cars, which can be moved in a shaft via a guide device. At least one stationary first guide device is fixedly arranged in a first elevator shaft and is aligned in a first, in particular vertical, shaft longitudinal direction; at least one fixed second guide device is fixedly arranged in a second elevator shaft and aligned in a second, in particular horizontal, shaft longitudinal direction. The two elevator shafts intersect at a shaft intersection, to which at least one third guide device, which is rotatable relative to the first shaft and the second shaft, is fastened to a shaft crossing fixed rotary platform, which can be transferred between an orientation in the first shaft direction and an alignment in the second Chess direction is. Examples of such systems are basically in the WO 2015/144781 A1 as well as in the German patent applications 10 2016 211 997.4 and 10 2015 218 025.5 described.

In such elevator systems requires the use of wedge brakes - even if it is advantageous as described above to solve the brakes in case of a defect - a complex adaptation of the control algorithms for braking: Because the cars are not only up and down, but also to the right and left or even obliquely. In each of these directions of movement, however, the unidirectional self-reinforcing effect of the wedge brake has a different influence on the braking behavior.

Against this background, it is an object of the invention to provide an improved brake system and thus also an improved car an improved elevator system. In addition, a suitable operating method for a braking device should also be provided.

This object is achieved by a braking device with the features of claim 1 and by a method having the features of claim 11. A car is provided with claim 8 under protection, an elevator system with claim 10. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

According to one aspect of the invention, a braking device for braking a car on a, in particular shaft-fixed, shaft brake surface, in particular on a guide and / or Brake rail, an elevator system provided. The brake device comprises in particular: a) a brake actuator fixed to the vehicle for closing and opening the brake device, wherein the brake actuator can preferably be held in a closed braking state by means of a compression spring and preferably by means of a pneumatic or a hydraulic device as a function of an operating state of the elevator system against the Spring force can be converted into an open braking state; b) a brake plate which can be issued by means of the brake actuator, which has, in particular, a fixed wedge of a braking device designed as a wedge brake; and c) a brake element connected to the brake actuator, in particular to the wedge surface of the brake actuator, which has a car brake surface for co-operation (ie, if necessary for braking) with the shaft brake surface, wherein the brake plate, the brake element and the shaft brake surface in particular comprise a wedge brake with a wedge clamping surface between form the brake disc and the brake element, and wherein in particular the brake element has a sliding wedge of the wedge brake.

Between the braking member and the braking element, a locking element is arranged, which is adapted to block a method of the braking element, in particular for clamping or for clamping, along the wedge clamping surface in a blocking state and release it in a release state. In the present case, a blocking state is to be understood as meaning, in particular, a state of the braking device in which a movement of the braking actuator and of the braking element relative to one another along the wedge clamping surface is prevented. In the present case, a release state means, in particular, a state of the brake device in which a movement of the brake actuator of the brake element relative to one another along the wedge clamping surface is possible.

According to a further aspect of the invention, a car is provided for an elevator installation. The car has at least one, in particular two or four, braking devices according to an embodiment of the invention. The car preferably has a control unit for activating and / or monitoring the condition of the braking device (s). In particular, the car may comprise at least one braking device, which is designed as a service brake, and / or at least one braking device, which is designed as a safety gear for emergency.

According to a further aspect of the invention, an elevator installation is provided which comprises: A) a first elevator shaft having a first, in particular vertical, shaft longitudinal axis and a first guide device, which is fixedly arranged in the first elevator shaft and aligned along the first shaft longitudinal axis; B) a second elevator shaft with a second, in particular horizontal, shaft longitudinal axis and a second guide device which is fixedly arranged in the second elevator shaft and aligned along the second shaft longitudinal axis, wherein the second elevator shaft intersects the first elevator shaft at a shaft intersection, C) at least a third Guide device, which is arranged at the shaft intersection and, in particular as part of a shaft changing unit, between an orientation in the first shaft longitudinal direction and an orientation in the second shaft longitudinal direction can be transferred. The elevator system has D) at least one car, in particular a plurality of cars, according to an embodiment of the invention, which are each movable along the guide means.

According to a further aspect of the invention, a method is provided for operating an elevator installation and in particular a brake apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention in an elevator installation, wherein the elevator installation is designed in particular according to an embodiment of the invention. In particular, the method has the following method step: setting, in particular triggering, a blocking state or a release state of the locking element as a function of an operating state of the elevator installation. In the present case, an operating state of the elevator installation is to be understood in particular to mean conditions which are defined by movement specifics of one or more cars, possibly to one another, and / or by normal or faulty function of certain functionalities, such as a supply device (electricity, hydraulics and / or pneumatics) of the elevator installation are.

The invention is based inter alia on the consideration that for safety reasons in elevator systems, the brake devices are often formed with normally-closed brakes. These brakes are - closed, for example, by a strong spring force - in the passive state. In the elevator systems described above, for example, the service brake is pneumatically released while the safety gear is hydraulically released. Both a pneumatic infrastructure and a hydraulic infrastructure of the car include conduits and gaskets which by their nature may fail as wear material.

With such a defect, it has proven difficult in the past to release the then-closed brakes, for example, to evacuate passengers and / or to tow the car to a location where it does not hinder the operation of the elevator system. Because the Hydraulics or pneumatics is not available due to the defect as a brake release.

The use of wedge brakes helps in this case, if it succeeds to lift the car against self-reinforcement - ie opposite to the wedge clamping direction - to reduce the resulting from the wedge clamping braking force.

At the same time, especially in the case of horizontal travel in an elevator installation of the type described above, the directionally different effect of the wedge brake is problematic for the objective of achieving reproducible braking forces and thus comparable braking processes for the car.

The invention is based, inter alia, on the idea of designing a wedge brake so that the self-reinforcing effect of the wedge can be utilized, if this is advantageous (for example in emergency braking). For this purpose, in the context of the invention, the locking element is provided, which enables a release or a blockade of the movement of the brake actuator and the brake element along the wedge surface to each other in accordance with a desired specification, so that for example can be braked in both directions of movement in a horizontal travel. This can only be done if the wedge is blocked.

In order to achieve a reliable blockage of this movement, according to one embodiment, the locking element in its locked state establishes a positive connection between the brake plate and the brake element.

For a mechanically simple, cost-effective and, above all, reliable design of the braking device, according to one embodiment, the locking element has a bolt, which is partially flattened along its circumferential circumference, or a comparable component with a cylindrical basic shape. In particular, the bolt or the component is rotatably mounted on the brake plate about its central longitudinal axis such that the lateral surface of the bolt does not protrude beyond the wedge clamping surface only when the flattening is arranged in a rotational position towards the wedge clamping surface. An exemplary operation of such an embodiment is the description of the embodiment according to 1 refer to.

In order to create a defined basic position of the brake actuator and of the brake element along the wedge clamping surface relative to one another, in particular for the purpose of simplifying the brake control, according to one embodiment a spring device is arranged between the brake plate and the brake element, which is arranged to move the brake element along the wedge clamping surface out of an extended wedge position retract. Optionally, a stop is provided to define the basic position exactly.

Such a spring device can allow by the associated retraction of the car brake surface that with no or little adaptation of the algorithms for brake control in certain operating conditions, for example, in a vertical upward process, the applied braking force reduced or braking can even be completely avoided.

Furthermore, such a spring device can also contribute to a release of the wedge brake, for example during towing by a towing unit after a defect.

In order for the locking element to be operated reliably, the brake device according to one embodiment has a transfer mechanism which is set up to transfer the locking element between the locked state and the release state. In particular, the transfer mechanism is formed mechanically, for example with a lever and / or with a cable, and / or the brake device has a control unit for driving and condition monitoring of the transfer mechanism and / or the locking element, wherein the transfer mechanism hydraulically, pneumatically or electromechanically, in particular is formed with a lever and / or with a cable and / or with an electric drive, electromagnet.

In order to be able to tow the collapsed car against gravity after a defect of the braking device, the wedge clamping surface is arranged at an oblique angle to the shaft braking surface, that the self-reinforcing effect of the wedge brake can occur when it is braked during a downward travel of the car. For towing itself, it is ensured that the locking element is in the release state or is transferred to this. In particular, the wedge surface cuts the shaft braking surface at an oblique angle, in particular between 5 ° and 45 °, preferably between 10 ° and 25 °.

In order to use the braking device for various purposes, it is designed as a service brake and / or as an emergency safety gear. In particular, in a brake device which is designed as an emergency safety gear, a higher pressure force of the compression spring for the normally-closed state may be provided as for a brake device which is designed as a service brake.

According to an embodiment of the method, which is to be applied in particular when the Car is in a first operating state, in which the car is moved in a vertical elevator shaft, the following process steps are performed: i) detecting the first operating state, in particular by means of a recourse to a suitable operating model, ii) determining whether the locking element currently operated in the release state iii) activating the release state of the locking element if the release state is not present. This can be achieved in a simple manner, in particular in conjunction with a spring device for retracting the braking element, that, for example, in a method of the car up a lower braking force is applied, because this is sufficient due to gravity.

According to an embodiment of the method, which is to be used in particular when the car is in a second operating state, in which the car is moved in a horizontal elevator shaft, the following method steps are carried out: i) Recognition of the second operating state, in particular by means of a recourse to a suitable operating model, ii) determining whether the locking element is currently operated in the blocking state, iii) driving the locking state of the locking element, if the blocking state is not present.

According to one embodiment of the method, which is to be used in particular when the car is in an error state in which the brake device can not be transferred to an open braking state due to an error, in particular a failure of the pneumatic or the hydraulic system of the brake actuator I) providing a towing unit in the shaft and attaching a towing protection on the car after the occurrence of the fault condition, II) triggering, in particular manual triggering, a transfer of the locking element in the release state, especially if necessary, III) if necessary, in particular manual , Transfer of the locking element in the release state, IV) lifting the car by means of the towing unit. By lifting is in the present case also - but not exclusively - meant an upward movement, but generally also a movement against the direction of the self-reinforcing effect of the wedge brake.

According to one embodiment of the method, the fastening element is transferred by means of a rotation about a, in particular to the wedge clamping surface parallel, axis of rotation between the blocking state and the release state.

According to one embodiment, the control unit can resort to at least one operating model of the braking device, of the car and / or of the elevator installation. This recourse can be made in particular by a wired or wireless connection to a database, wherein the database can be stored, for example, on a memory of the control unit itself and / or on a company server and / or on a cloud-based memory.

An operating model can be understood, for example, as a control model with a table in which various characteristics of at least one influencing variable (with influence on the braking device and / or its component) are respectively related to at least one value of at least one control variable to be influenced by the control unit , By means of such a control model, the control unit can in dependence on a determined expression of an influencing variable derive how the device is to be controlled. The tables required for this purpose can be derived, for example, from relationships between an influencing variable and a control variable determined experimentally and / or by computer models in the past and stored in the database, and can be part of a so-called digital twin 'of the device, for example. In the present case, for example, depending on a direction of movement of the car, an operating state of the elevator system can be found in the tables. In the control model is then deposited for which operating state which state of the locking element to be controlled.

Additionally or alternatively, an operating model can be understood as meaning, for example, a state model with a table in which various characteristics of at least one auxiliary variable whose expression at least indirectly depends on an influencing variable (having an influence on the braking device or its component) are related in each case at least one expression of this influencing variable. By means of such a state model it is possible-in particular also without recourse to a sensor detection of characteristics of the influencing variable-to ascertain a currently present form of the influencing variable. The determined characteristic can then be fed, for example, into a control model of the operating model in order to control the device appropriately. The tables required for the state model can be derived, for example, from relationships between an auxiliary variable and an influencing variable determined experimentally and / or by computer models in the past and stored in the database, and can be part of a so-called digital twin 'of the device, for example. In the present case, by means of a state model For example, an error operating state of the braking device in dependence on the state of the hydraulic system and / or the pneumatics of the car can be determined.

• 1a-c eine Bremsvorrichtung nach einer beispielhaften Ausführung der Erfindung in drei seitlichen schematischen Schnittansichten, die sich anhand der Stellung des Feststellelements unterscheiden;
• 2 in einer schematischen Schrägansicht den grundlegenden Aufbau einer Aufzugsanlage mit zwei Fahrkörben, die jeweils vier Bremsvorrichtungen nach einer beispielhaften Ausführung der Erfindung aufweisen;
• 3 in einer seitlichen schematischen Detailansicht des in 2 markierten Bereichs I einen Fahrkorb im ersten Betriebszustand und einen Fahrkorb zweiten Betriebszustand; und
• 4 in einer seitlichen schematischen Detailansicht des in 2 markierten Bereichs I einen Fahrkorb im Fehlerbetriebszustand, der mittels einer Abschleppeinheit abgeschleppt wird.

Other features, advantages and applications of the invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the figures. It shows:

• 1a-c a braking device according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention in three lateral schematic sectional views, which differ according to the position of the locking element;
• 2 in a schematic oblique view of the basic structure of a lift system with two cars, each having four braking devices according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
• 3 in a side schematic detailed view of the in 2 marked area I a car in the first operating state and a car second operating state; and
• 4 in a side schematic detailed view of the in 2 marked area I a car in the error mode, which is towed by means of a towing unit.

1 shows an exemplary brake device 50 , where the representations of the 1a . 1b and 1c in terms of the position of a locking element 52 and thus also with regard to a state of the braking device 50 differ. In 1a is the locking element 52 in the release state 20 , In 1b is the locking element 52 in the blocking state 30 , In 1c becomes the locking element 52 straight from the release state 20 in the blocking state 30 transferred.

The brake device 50 according to the embodiment of the 1 has a car-mounted brake actuator 54 on, by means of a compression spring 56 is maintained in a closed braking state and by means of a pneumatic device 58 (or a hydraulic device) against the spring force FF the compression spring 56 can be converted into an open braking state. This can be a pressure chamber 59 by means of the pneumatic device 58 Compressed air is applied to the brake by means of the pressure force FP to open. The compressed air can be released again when the brake is closing again.

For the explanation of the embodiment, it is essentially irrelevant whether the braking device 50 is designed as a service brake or as a safety gear. Hereinafter, the brake device 50 in doubt described as a service brake.

By means of the brake actuator 54 can be a braking disc 60 issued (ie extended) and recovered. The brake disc 60 has a fixed wedge 62 with a fixed wedge clamping surface 64.1 on. The solid wedge 62 also shows - starting from the wedge clamping surface 64.1 - a recess 63 for receiving the locking element 52 on.

The locking element 52 is formed in the embodiment as a flattened bolt in the recess 63 can be rotated about its central longitudinal axis.

With the fixed wedge 62 is at the wedge clamping surface 64.1 a brake element 66 connected, which is a sliding wedge 68 with a wedge clamping surface 64.2 as well as a brake shoe 70 with a car brake surface 72 having. The sliding wedge 68 has a recess 69 on, for receiving at least a portion of the locking element 52 is trained.

The car brake surface 72 is equipped with issued brake to, in cooperation with a manhole brake surface 74 in the exemplary embodiment on a guide rail 6 . 7 or 8th is formed, a braking force for braking and / or holding a car 1 applied.

The connection of the solid wedge 62 and the sliding wedge 68 with each other at the wedge clamping surfaces 64 For example, by means of a suitable groove guide, which is a displacement of the wedges 62 and 68 to each other (see arrows on the wedge clamping surfaces) allows itself.

In 1a is the locking element 52 in the recess 63 with the flattening of the bolt turned so that the locking element 52 completely in the recess 63 remains and thus not on the wedge clamping surface 64 protrudes. Accordingly, the sliding wedge 66 Move freely along the drawn arrows. The locking element 52 and thus also the braking device 50 are in the release state 20 , This position of the locking element 52 For example, it may have been set manually or by means of the control unit 16 optionally, depending on an operating state of the car and / or recourse to an operating model 17 ,

Symbolic of the optionally used control signal is the reference numeral 20 drawn for the release state in a control line shown in dashed lines.

In 1 b is the locking element 52 in the recess 63 with the flattening of the bolt turned so that the locking element 52 from the recess 63 protrudes, and into the recess 69 extends. In this way are the solid wedge 62 and the sliding wedge 68 positively connected with each other, so that the brake plate 60 and the brake element 66 not to each other along the wedge clamping surfaces 64 can move. The locking element 52 and thus also the braking device 50 are in the blocking state 30 , Also this position of the locking element 52 For example, it may have been set manually or by means of the control unit 16 optionally, depending on an operating state of the car and / or recourse to an operating model 17 , symbolic of the optionally used control signal is the reference numeral 30 drawn for the blocking state in a control line shown in dashed lines.

In 1 c is the locking element 52 during the transfer from the release state 20 in the blocking state 30 shown. As can be seen, the two recesses 63 and 69 coordinated so that the sliding wedge 68 taken by the transfer movement and in a defined relative position of the sliding wedge 68 and the solid wedge 62 can be brought to each other. The end position is in 1 b shown. The control signal required for transfer 30 is symbolically represented by a multi-solid check line.

2 shows parts of an elevator system according to the invention 10 , The elevator system 10 comprises fixed, designed as guide rails first guide means 6 along which each of at least two, in particular at least substantially identically formed, cars 1A . 1B can be guided by a backpack storage. The first guide facilities 6 are vertical in a first chess direction z aligned and allow, for example, the car 1A (Represented for all vertically moving cars) between different floors is movable. Parallel to each other are in two parallel, first vehicle shafts 2 ' . 2 ' Arrangements of such first guide means 6 arranged along which the cars 1 can be guided by a backpack storage. Cars in the one shaft 2 ' can be largely independent and unhindered by cars 1 in the other shaft 2 ' at the respective first guide means 6 move.

The elevator system 10 further comprises fixed, formed as guide rails second guide means 7 along which each of the cars 1 (Represented here represent the car 1B) can be guided by the backpack storage. The second guide devices 7 are horizontal in a second chess direction y aligned, and allow the cars 1 can be moved within a floor. Further, the second guide means connect 7 the first guide facilities 6 the two shafts 2 ' . 2 ' together. Thus, the second guide means serve 7 also for transferring and moving the car 1 between the two shafts 2 ' and 2 ' For example, to run a modern paternoster operation.

In the exemplary embodiment, the second guide devices extend 7 along a second elevator shaft 9 , the first two elevator shafts 2 ' and 2 ' at one shaft intersection 4 ' respectively. 4 ' cuts.

At these shaft intersections 4 ' and 4 ' is the car 1 each formed as a guide rails third guide means 8th from the first leadership facilities 6 on the second guide means 7 and conversely transferable. The third management facilities 8th are rotatable with respect to a rotation axis A which is perpendicular to a yz-plane (and thus parallel to an x-axis of the elevator installation), which passes through the first and the second guide means 6 . 7 is spanned.

All guide rails 6 . 7 . 8th are at least indirectly on at least one shaft wall of a shaft 2 and / or a shaft 9 attached. The shaft wall defines in particular a stationary reference system of the shaft. In particular, the term shaft wall also includes, in particular, a stationary frame structure of the shaft, which carries the guide rails. The rotatable third guide rails 8th are mounted on a turntable, which together at least with the third guide means a shaft change unit 3 formed.

The elevator system 10 has a control unit 16 set up on an operational model 17 the elevator system, a car 1 , a shaft change unit 3 and / or other components (eg, braking devices 50 ) of the elevator system. The control unit 16 is set to the cars 1 , Shaft changing units 3 and / or other components (eg, brake device 50 ) of the elevator installation with regard to their movement specifics and / or to control them with regard to their intended movement.

Such plants are basically in the WO 2015/144781 A1 as well as in the German patent applications 10 2016 211 997.4 and 10 2015 218 025.5 described. The 10 2016 205 794.4 describes in this context in detail an arrangement with integrated Platform rotary bearing and a drive unit for rotating the shaft changing unit 3 which is also exemplary in the context of the present invention for storage and as a rotary drive for the shaft changing unit 3 can be used.

In the 3 and 4 is the in 2 marked area I shown enlarged, and because of the simpler representation in 3 the two cars 1A and 1B in the area of the same shaft intersection 4 are shown. Each of the cars 1 has four braking devices 50.1 . 50.2 . 50.3 and 50.4 on that at a shaft change unit 3 together with a car carriage 80 can be rotated, on which also the guide wheels 82 of the car 1 are arranged.

In 3 is the car 1A in a first operating state in which he is in a vertical elevator shaft 2 is moved. By means of the control unit 16 , where appropriate, using an operating model 17 , In an exemplary method i) it is determined that the car 1 is in the first operating state, based on the movement specifics by means of the control unit 16 detected a vertical travel movement and derived therefrom, using the operating model of the first operating state. Subsequently, ii) by means of the control unit 16 determines if the locking element 52 currently in release state 20 is. For this purpose, if necessary, a sensor monitoring of the locking element 52 be used. iii) If the release state 20 is not present, by means of the control unit 16 a control signal for transferring the locking element 52 in the release state 20 issued. This can be ensured that in a vertical upward travel in a simple manner, the braking effect of the brake is canceled.

The car 1B is in the second operating state, in which he is in a horizontal elevator shaft 9 Procedure is. By means of the control unit 16 , where appropriate, using an operating model 17 , In an exemplary method i) it is determined that the car 1 is in the second operating state, based on the movement specifics by means of the control unit 16 Recognized a horizontal travel movement and derived therefrom, using the operating model of the second operating state. Subsequently, ii) by means of the control unit 16 determines if the locking element 52 currently in the blocking state 30 is. For this purpose, if necessary, a sensor monitoring of the locking element 52 be used. iii) if the lock state 30 is not present, by means of the control unit 16 a control signal for transferring the locking element 52 in the blocking state 20 issued.

In 4 is the car 1A in an error condition defined by the fact that the pneumatic device 58 failed and thus no pressure FP in the pressure room 59 can be applied. The car 1A is because of the normally-closed version of the brakes so with fixed braking devices 50 in the shaft 2 established. In an exemplary method, first of all, I) is a towing unit 90 provided in the shaft and a towing protection 91 the towing unit 90 on the car 1A attached to secure the car. Subsequently, II), in particular manually, a transfer of the locking element 52 in the release state 20 triggered, in particular as a test of the current position of the locking element 52 , III) As far as the locking element 52 not in the release state 20 it is transferred there. Subsequently, IV) is a lifting of the car 1 A by means of the towing unit 90 , Thus, the self-reinforcing braking effect of the wedge brake can be canceled by the wedge clamp is raised against the clamping direction. The car 1A can then be towed.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

car

2

first elevator shaft (for example vertically)

3

Inputbins unit

4

bay crossing

6

first guide device (for example guide rail)

7

second guide device (eg guide rail)

8th

third guide device (eg guide rail)

9

second elevator shaft (for example horizontally)

10

elevator system

12

shaft wall

13

Overlap of the radial extension of the shaft changing units

14

Collision area of the shaft changing units

15

safety margin

16

control unit

17

operating model

20

enable state

30

blocking state

50

braking device

52

Fixing element

54

brake actuator

56

compression spring

FF

spring force

58

pneumatic equipment

59

pressure chamber

FP

thrust

60

braking unit

62

solid wedge

63

recess

64

Wedge clamping surface

66

braking element

68

sliding wedge

69

recess

70

brake shoe

72

Car braking surface

74

Chess braking surface

80

Car carriage

81

guide wheels

90

towing unit

91

towing assurance

x; A

Depth axis of the car; Rotary axis of the shaft changing unit

y

Extension axis of a second elevator shaft

z, M

Extension axis of a first elevator shaft

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• WO 2015/144781 A1 [0007, 0055]
• DE 102016211997 [0007, 0055]
• DE 102015218025 [0007, 0055]

Claims (15)

Braking device (50) for braking a car (1) on a shaft brake surface (74) of an elevator installation (10), comprising - a brake actuator fixed to the vehicle (54) for closing and opening the brake device (50), - a displayable by means of the brake actuator (54) A brake actuator (60), and - a brake member (66) connected to the brake actuator (60) having a car braking surface (72) for co-operating with the manhole braking surface (74), the brake actuator, braking member and manhole braking surface comprising a wedge brake with a wedge clamping surface (64.1, 64.2) form between the brake disc and the brake element, characterized in that between the brake disc (60) and the brake element (62) a locking element (52) is arranged, which is adapted to a method of the braking element (66) along the wedge clamping surface (64) in a blocking state (30) to block and release in a release state (20). Brake device (50) according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the locking element (52) in its blocking state (20) produces a positive connection between the brake plate (60) and the brake element (66). Braking device (50) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the locking element (52) has a bolt partially flattened along its circumferential circumference. Braking device (50) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the brake plate (60) and the brake element (66) is arranged a spring device which is adapted to retract the brake element along the wedge clamping surface (64) from an extended wedge position. Braking device (50) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a conversion mechanism which is adapted to transfer locking element between the blocking state and the release state. Braking device (50) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wedge clamping surface (64) is arranged at an oblique angle to the shaft braking surface (74) such that the self-reinforcing effect of the wedge brake can occur if during a downward travel of the car (1) is slowed down. Braking device (50) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the braking device (50) is a service brake and / or an emergency safety gear. Car (1) for an elevator installation, characterized by at least one, in particular two or four, braking devices (50.1, 50.2, 50.3, 50.4) according to one of the preceding claims. Car (1) according to Claim 6 characterized by a control unit (16) for controlling and / or condition monitoring the braking device (s) (50). Elevator installation (10), comprising: - a first elevator shaft (2) with a first, in particular vertical, shaft longitudinal axis (z) and a first guide device (6), which is fixedly arranged in the first elevator shaft and aligned along the first shaft longitudinal axis, - a second elevator shaft (9) with a second, in particular horizontal, shaft longitudinal axis (y) and a second guide device (7) which is fixedly arranged in the second elevator shaft and aligned along the second shaft longitudinal axis, wherein the second elevator shaft (9) the first elevator shaft ( 2) at a shaft intersection (4), - at least one third guide device (8) which is arranged at the shaft intersection and, in particular as part of a shaft changing unit (3), between an orientation in the first shaft longitudinal direction (z) and an orientation in the second shaft longitudinal direction (y) can be transferred, characterized by at least one car (1) according to one of the Claims 8 or 9 movable along the guide means (6, 7, 8). Method for operating a brake device (50) according to one of Claims 1 to 7 , in an elevator installation (10), in particular after Claim 10 is formed, characterized by the method step: - Setting, in particular driving, a blocking state (30) or a release state (20) of the locking element (52) in dependence on an operating state of the elevator installation (10). Method according to Claim 11 in that the car (1A) is in a first operating state, in which the car is moved in a vertical elevator shaft (2), characterized by the method step: - detecting the first operating state, - determining whether the locking element (52) is currently in the Release state (20) is operated, - controlling the release state (20) of the locking element (52) if the release state (20) is not present. Method according to Claim 11 or 12 wherein the car (1B) is in a second operating condition in which the car is moved in a horizontal hoistway (9), characterized by the step of: - detecting the second operating condition, - determining whether the immobilizer (52) is currently in operation Blocking state (30) of the locking element (52), if the blocking state (30) is not present. Method according to one of Claims 11 to 13 in that the car (1) is in an error state in which the brake device (50) can not be converted into an open braking state due to an error, in particular a failure of the pneumatic (58) or the hydraulic system of the brake actuator (54) characterized by the steps of: providing a towing unit (90) in the hoistway (2) and attaching a towing device (91) to the car (1) after the fault condition has occurred, triggering a transfer of the immobilizer element (52) to the release state ( 20), - optionally transfer of the locking element (52) in the release state (20), - Lifting the car (1) by means of the towing unit (90). Method according to one of Claims 11 to 14 , characterized in that the locking element (52) by means of a rotation about a, in particular to the wedge clamping surface (64) parallel axis of rotation between the blocking state (30) and the release state (20) is transferred.

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