DE102018124832A1 - Welded, at least partially hardened angle ring, bearing module with angle ring and method for manufacturing the angle ring - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an angular ring (1) with an L-shaped profile in longitudinal section, which has a disk-like axial component (2) which adjoins a ring-like radial component (3), with a hardened edge layer (4) of the radial component (3) one end face (5) facing the axial component is interrupted and the radial component (3) there via a welded connection (7) which passes through a through hole (6) in the axial component (2) and which reaches a soft central area (8) of the radial component (3) which is spaced from the edge layer , is connected to the axial component (2). The invention also relates to a bearing module with a shaft on which a gearwheel is present, at least the gearwheel being in contact with the angle ring (1) according to the invention. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing an angle ring (1) according to the invention.

Description

The present invention relates to an angle ring with an L-shaped profile in longitudinal section, which has a disk-like axial component which adjoins a ring-like radial component. Furthermore, the invention also relates to a bearing module with a (gear) shaft on which a gearwheel is present. In addition, the invention also relates to a method for producing an angle ring.

Radial bearings, such as standard AI bearings, have a smooth inner ring with needles in a cage. The raceway of the inner rings can be made "centerless". In some applications, the AI bearing is installed together with a separate thrust washer for the gear wheels. However, with large differences in speed, the separate disc leads to excessive heating of the starting cage, which leads to the failure of the AI bearing. In order to solve this problem of speed differences, the inner ring and the disc were brought together to form a one-piece angle ring. As a result, the speed differences between the cage and the cage start point are smaller, which reduces the heating. However, such a one-piece angle ring is very complex to manufacture, since it requires a higher amount of material and an increased machining volume. In addition, with such a one-piece angle ring, the puncture technology instead of the center reading technology must be used in order to form the raceway of the inner rings. This makes the production of such one-piece angle rings very complex and expensive.

The DE 10 2006 036 980 A1 discloses a gear shaft for a step change gear with at least two adjacent bearing seats for idler gears. A so-called thrust washer is arranged between the idler gears and is fastened to the gear shaft via holding means. In order to reduce the amount of parts required for production which is generally less expensive, the holding means is designed as a material connection with which the thrust washer is secured axially and against rotation in relation to the transmission shaft. In this disclosure, the bearing point for the idler gears is designed such that the thrust washer is integrally connected to the gear shaft.

However, it is disadvantageous in the prior art that the thrust washer is connected to the gear shaft and not to the bearing inner ring. A cohesive connection of the thrust washer to the bearing inner ring by means of classic welding is not possible here due to the materials used and the hardening processes used, in particular with regard to the inner ring. Other cohesive connections, such as gluing, are also eliminated due to the operating conditions, since the components heat up too much, for example.

Other common technologies, such as screws, rivets, pinning, etc., cannot be implemented due to the limited wall thickness (lightweight design possible). In addition, the necessary processing, such as drilling, threading, etc., would be very cost-intensive.

The object of the invention is to avoid or at least alleviate the disadvantages of the prior art, and in particular to provide an angle ring which is produced from two separate parts by means of a material connection and is inexpensive to manufacture.

The object of the invention is achieved in a generic device according to the invention in that a hardened peripheral layer of the radial component is interrupted on an end face facing the axial component and the radial components there via a welded connection which passes through a through hole in the axial component and which has a soft central region of the radial component which is spaced apart from the peripheral layer reached, is connected to the axial component. The axial component and the radial component can thus be manufactured separately and independently of one another and then welded to one another by the special preparation of the components.

With regard to the bearing module, the object is achieved in that at least the gear wheel is in contact with the angle ring according to the invention. A bearing module can therefore also be produced inexpensively due to the angular ring.

The method according to the invention for producing an angle ring, in particular an angle ring according to the invention, comprises at least the following steps: producing a disk-like axial component and an annular or sleeve-shaped radial component from a steel alloy; Introducing a through hole, preferably oriented in the axial direction, for example at an inner distal end of the axial component, into the (soft) material of the axial component; Forming a (rolling element rolling) raceway on the inner and / or outer circumferential surface of the radial component after an edge layer hardening, preferably the entire surface, of the radial component; Eliminating the hardening of the surface layer on at least part of an end face of the radial component facing the axial component, for example by means of machining, and welding a central region of the radial component which is spaced from the outer layer through the through hole. This procedure has the advantage that the Both components of the angle ring can be manufactured independently of one another using the inexpensive standard processes and only a small additional treatment is necessary in order to be able to weld the two components to one another - despite the previous hardening process.

Advantageous embodiments are claimed in the subclaims and are explained below.

It is therefore advantageous if at least the radial component is designed as a solid component that differs from a thin sheet. This is particularly advantageous for the formation of the raceway surface, since it should have a certain strength.

An advantageous embodiment provides that a weld seam that realizes the welded connection is present in the area of the through hole, for example on its peripheral edge and / or on its projection surface. Since the through hole is in contact with the soft central area of the radial component, the area of the through hole is particularly suitable for forming the welded connection. Providing the weld seam on the circumferential edge of the through hole, that is to say in its marginal zones, and on the radial component in the region of the interrupted edge layer, that is to say the central region, the heat input when welding thick components can be reduced or even minimized.

In particular, it has proven to be advantageous if the through hole is oriented essentially in the axial direction / transversely, for example orthogonally to the radial direction, that is, it is orthogonal to the end face of the radial component. This alignment of the through hole allows the welded connection to be made particularly stable.

Furthermore, it has proven to be advantageous if the central region has soft, weldable material compared to the hardened peripheral layer of the radial component. This enables classic welding to be used.

It is also advantageous if the axial component is soft compared to the hardened peripheral layer of the radial component, for example comparable / identically soft and / or easy to weld as the central region of the radial component. A classic welding process can thus be used to connect the two components.

With the radial component, it has proven to be advantageous if at least parts of the hardened surface layer are ground and / or form a raceway, for example on the inner and / or outer circumferential surface. As a result, standard bearing rings, inner and / or outer rings, can be used as radial components.

In order to remove the hardened edge layer on the end face of the radial component that is in contact with the welded joint, it is advantageous if this end face is machined, for example turned off / ground off. Machining, for example by turning or grinding, ensures that the raceway surface is not destroyed, as can be the case, for example, by tempering or excessive heat input.

A particularly advantageous embodiment provides that the track is post-processing-free. This is made possible by minimizing or reducing the heat input during welding. This means that there are no deformations or structural changes that can affect the hardness of the track.

An advantageous embodiment provides that the through hole is conical, the tip of the cone pointing to the end face of the radial component. The cone simplifies the introduction of the welded joint, in particular along the peripheral edge of the through hole at the tip of the cone.

In addition, it is advantageous if there are a plurality of through holes distributed in the circumferential direction over the axial component at its radially inner end. This means that the two components are connected to each other at several points, which reduces the load to the individual welded connection.

Depending on the desired properties, it is advantageous if the welding is carried out with or without a filler metal.

It is also advantageous if the axial component as an axial disk or as a thrust washer has a predetermined minimum thickness, preferably in a range from 5 mm to 10 mm. Thus, the axial component has sufficient rigidity to absorb the axial forces of the component to be supported, such as a gear.

It has proven to be advantageous for the bearing module if the angular ring is arranged between two gear wheels on the shaft. With such an arrangement, the thrust washer can absorb the axial forces of both gears.

It is also advantageous if the arrangement of the angle ring and the gear or the gears on the shaft is selected such that the Gear or the gears in certain operating conditions come into abutment with the axial component, but the radial component supports the gear or one of the gears radially.

In other words, the invention consists in that the flange (the axial component) and the ring with raceway (the radial component) are manufactured separately and then permanently connected. By returning the ring geometry to a smooth ring, cost-effective "centerless" processes, particularly for hard machining, can be used. Furthermore, the use of materials, especially in soft machining, is reduced considerably. For this, the ring is finished without a flange, as is the disc / flange (the axial component). The special design and processing of the side surfaces of the ring (one-sided processing of the case-hardened edge layer on the joint of the disc) makes it possible to permanently connect the disc to the ring using welding points. The disc itself has through holes (through holes) for welding, which may have to be conical. These lie on the same pitch circle as the welding points to be set on the ring, so that the welds lie in the soft zone of the hardened ring. According to the invention, the number of bores or welding spots are designed such that the torque to be transmitted is absorbed.

It can also be said that the invention consists in that an angular ring is composed of an inner ring of an AI bearing hardened by the outer layer, which is ground on one end face of the outer layer, and a disc which has a conical bore, the inner ring and the Disc is joined by welding. This makes it very difficult to weld even massive, surface-hardened components. The axial component is preferably soft and the inner ring is preferably hard (i.e., e.g. surface hardened). In this case, the inner ring preferably has a hardened surface which is ground in the rolling race quality (for the bearing).

• 1 die Komponenten eines erfindungsgemäßen Winkelrings vor dem Schweißen; und
• 2 die Komponenten des erfindungsgemäßen Winkelrings nach dem Schweißen.

The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of figures, in which an exemplary embodiment is shown. Show it:

• 1 the components of an angle ring according to the invention before welding; and
• 2nd the components of the angle ring according to the invention after welding.

The figures are only schematic in nature and only serve to understand the invention. The same elements are provided with the same reference symbols.

1 shows an angle ring 1 before assembly, more precisely before welding, ie, during 2nd the angle ring 1 shows in the assembled or welded state, ie in its final, ready-to-use state.

The angle ring 1 essentially consists of two main components, an axial component 2nd and a radial component 3rd . The radial component 3rd has a hardened surface layer 4th on (delimited by a dashed line in the figures), which on one end 5 is interrupted. The axial component 2nd has a through hole 6 on, which is conical here as an example and is in the axial direction, ie, in the direction of the axis A , through the axial component 2nd extends.

As in 2nd is shown in the area of the through hole 6 a welded joint 7 introduced which is the axial component 2nd and a central area 8th the radial component 3rd cohesively connected. The central area 8th differs from the boundary layer 4th in that the material of the central area 8th not hardened and therefore softer than the material of the surface layer 8th .

The angle ring is preferably used 1 to store certain elements, such as gears, on a shaft, such as a gear shaft. The axial component is used here 2nd for absorbing axial forces, ie, forces acting in the axial direction (in the direction of the axis A ) on the angle ring 1 act, whereas the radial component 3rd serves to absorb radial forces, that is, forces acting on the angle ring in the radial direction 1 Act.

In particular, the use of axial washers has been used to absorb axial forces 9 proven why the axial component 2nd here as an example as an axial washer 9 , which can also be referred to as a thrust washer. The axial component is used to withstand the axial forces that occur 2nd formed as a solid component, for example with a thickness of 5 mm or 10 mm (and not as a thin sheet metal component). The axial component 2nd compared to the surface layer 4th the radial component 3rd softly trained. The material of the axial component is preferably 2nd comparable or identical to the central area 8th the radial component 3rd . The material of the axial component 2nd is easily weldable in any case.

The radial component 3rd is used to absorb radial forces that act on the component to be supported, such as a gear. There are in particular (bearing) rings, such as inner rings and / or outer rings, preferably slide or radial bearings, such as, for example, needle bearings, but also of Rolling or thrust bearings, such as ball bearings, have proven their worth. In the exemplary embodiment shown here, the radial component is 3rd thus exemplary as a bearing inner ring 10th educated.

Therefore, the radial component points 3rd on their outer circumference 11 a career (not shown). The boundary layer is at least in the area of this career 4th ground in such a way that it corresponds to a rolling track quality. To avoid reworking the raceway or raceway surface, the radial component must be joined 3rd and the axial component 2nd be designed in such a way that there are no deformations or structural changes that could impair the hardness of the raceway.

The welded joint 7 is therefore preferably only in a partial area, such as the edge zones, along the peripheral edge and / or on the projection surface of the through hole 6 is provided. As a result, the heat input during welding of these solid components is lower, as a result of which the aforementioned deformations or structural changes in the region of the raceway can be prevented.

The central area 8th the radial component 3rd has, especially compared to the hardened surface layer 4th , a soft, weldable material. The hardened surface layer 4th is in one area, here on the front 5 interrupted, ie in the area of the end face 5 is the central area 8th the radial component 3rd exposed. Surface-hardened components are generally very difficult to weld, which is why the weld connection between the axial component 2nd and the radial component 3rd on the radial component side in the area of the exposed (or exposed) central area 8th is trained. In the area of this face 5 becomes the hardened surface layer 4th Machining, e.g. by twisting or grinding, removed or removed and so the soft, weldable material of the central area 8th exposed.

In the exemplary embodiment shown here, the through hole is 6 conical, with the tip of the cone on the face 5 the radial component 3rd shows. That means the through hole 6 is oriented essentially in the axial direction, ie, transversely, for example orthogonally to the radial direction, and thus orthogonally on the end face 5 the radial component 3rd stands.

A plurality of through holes is preferably viewed in the circumferential direction 6 provided which seen in the circumferential direction on the axial component 2nd distributed, preferably equally distributed, in the region of a radially inner end 12th are arranged.

To the axial component 2nd and the radial component 3rd The exposed or exposed central area is to be positioned at the same time by the welding process 8th the radial component 3rd arranged on the same pitch circle as the through holes 6 the axial component 2nd . The axial components are through such a welding process 2nd and the radial component 3rd secured both in the axial direction against relative displacement and in the circumferential direction against relative rotation.

The following is the procedure for manufacturing such an angle ring 1 explained in more detail.

First, the two components, i.e. the axial component 2nd and the radial component 3rd produced independently or separately from one another, a steel alloy preferably being used as the material for both components.

For this purpose, at least one through hole is used 6 , preferably several through holes 6 , in the (soft) material of the axial component 2nd , for example at an inner distal end 12th the axial component 2nd , brought in.

The radial component 3rd is surface hardened, preferably over the entire surface, and then a (rolling) raceway is formed on the outer peripheral surface (and / or on the inner peripheral surface) by the formed surface layer 4th for example. Then the hardened surface layer 4th on at least one part, preferably on the entire front side 5 , which faces the axial component in the assembled state, removed or removed, preferably by means of machining, for example twisting or grinding, whereby in this area the soft central area 8th the radial component 3rd is exposed.

After that, the axial component 2nd and the radial component 3rd in the area of the exposed, boundary layer-spaced central area 8th the radial component 3rd through the through hole 6 the axial component 2nd welded together. Here, the weld seam is preferably only in the edge zones of the through hole 6 or the through holes 6 provided to minimize the heat input from the welding process.

Reference list

1

Angle ring

2nd

Axial component

3rd

Radial component

4th

Boundary layer

5

Face

6

Through hole

7

Welded joint

8th

Central area

9

Thrust washer

10th

Bearing inner ring

11

Outer circumference

12th

radially inner end

A

axis

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 102006036980 A1 [0003]

Claims (10)

Angle ring (1) with an L-shaped profile in longitudinal section, which has a disk-like axial component (2) which adjoins a ring-like radial component (3), characterized in that a hardened edge layer (4) of the radial component (3) on one the end face (5) facing the axial component is interrupted and the radial component (3) there via a welded connection (7) which passes through a through hole (6) in the axial component (2) and which reaches a soft central area (8) of the radial component (3) which is spaced from the edge layer, is connected to the axial component (2). Angle ring (1) according to Claim 1 , characterized in that at least the radial component (3) is designed as a solid component. Angle ring (1) according to Claim 1 or 2nd , characterized in that there is a weld seam that realizes the welded connection (7) in the region of the through hole (6). Angle ring (1) according to one of the Claims 1 to 3rd , characterized in that the through hole (6) is aligned substantially in the axial direction. Angle ring (1) according to one of the Claims 1 to 4th , characterized in that the central region (8) has soft, weldable material. Angle ring (1) according to one of the Claims 1 to 5 , characterized in that the axial component (2) is soft compared to the hardened edge layer (4) of the radial component (3). Angle ring (1) according to one of the Claims 1 to 6 , characterized in that the through hole (6) is conical. Angle ring (1) according to one of the Claims 1 to 7 , characterized in that a plurality of through holes (6) in the circumferential direction over the axial component (2) is present at its radially inner end (12). Bearing module with a shaft on which a gear is present, characterized in that at least the gear is in contact with the angle ring (1) according to one of the preceding claims. Method for manufacturing an angle ring (1), in particular according to one of the Claims 1 to 8th , the following steps being carried out: - producing a disk-like axial component (2) and an annular radial component (3) from a steel alloy, - introducing a through hole (6) into the material of the axial component (2), - forming a raceway on the inside and / or the outer circumferential surface of the radial component (3) after hardening of the radial component (3), - removing the hardening of the outer layer on at least part of an end face (5) of the radial component (3) facing the axial component, and - welding a central area (8) of the radial component that is spaced from the peripheral layer 3) through the through hole (6).

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