DE102018124601B4 - GLASS CONSTRUCTION FOR BALUSTRADES AND / OR RAILING GLAZING OR GLASS BEAMS - Google Patents

Abstract

Glass construction (100) for parapet and / or balustrade glazing or glass supports with a composite element (10) designed as a glass laminate, which consists of at least two glass panes (13) which are connected by an adhesive intermediate layer (14) made of plastic, with at least one edge (20) of the composite element (10) has an edge protection (1) which is connected to the respective end faces of the at least two glass panes (13) of the glass laminate at least in some areas in such a way that the intermediate layer (14) is protected from the effects of moisture, the edge protection ( 1) is formed from a crystal-clear material and is connected at least in some areas to the at least one edge (20) of the composite element (10) with a crystal-clear sealant (2) in such a way that the respective end faces of the at least two glass panes (13) of the glass laminate and / or the end face of the intermediate layer (14) is wetted and / or enclosed by the crystal-clear sealant (2) n, and wherein the crystal-clear sealing means (2) is formed by a region of the adhesive intermediate layer (14) protruding beyond the at least one edge (20) of the composite element, the edge protection (1) having a glass strip which extends over the sealing means (2 ) is at least partially connected to the at least one edge (20) of the composite element (10).

Description

The present invention relates to a glass construction in particular for parapet and / or railing glazing or glass supports.

Glazings are known in which the edges of the glass panes are framed by frame profiles. By means of these frame profiles, the glass panes and thus the glazing are attached to the fixed structural components that are present. Such glazings are then stored accordingly at least at their upper and lower edge areas and protected from the effects of the weather, in particular moisture, and from impacts via the frame profiles.

The pamphlet U.S. 5,637,363 A relates to a glass construction with a laminated safety glass, one edge of the laminated safety glass having an edge protection with a tape made in particular of PVC or polyethylene and a sealant. The edge protection is connected to the end faces of the glass panes of the laminated safety glass by means of the sealant in such a way that the intermediate layer is protected from the effects of moisture.

From the WO 2009/003431 A1 a glass pane railing is known in which the glass panes are held clamped with their foot area in a dimensionally stable U-profile. Several glass panes of this type, held clamped in a U-profile, are connected to one another at their upper free edge by a continuous handrail. The handrail protects the upper free edge of the glass panes held in place in the U-profile.

According to the DE 20 2009 013 904 U1 a comparable glass pane railing can be used as floor-to-ceiling glazing. For this purpose, the lower end area of the glass pane can be held clamped in a dimensionally stable U-profile, while the upper end area of the glass pane can be fastened between two upper structural parts. The two upper construction parts are plate-shaped and can be attached to one another in a tensile and pressure-resistant manner by means of at least two screws.

The building material glass has become indispensable as a design element in contemporary architecture. The continuous further development of production and processing technology and the constant improvement of ready-to-use products play a decisive role in meeting increased functional requirements and the search for new aesthetic forms of expression.

When using, in particular, large-format glass constructions for parapet and / or railing glazing, individual glass units can pose a challenge in terms of resistance to mechanical and chemical loads. Parapet and / or balustrade glazing generally have at least one surface element designed as a glass laminate, which consists of at least two glass panes which are connected to one another by an adhesive intermediate layer made of plastic. If surface elements of this type are used, for example, as parapet and / or railing glazing, especially outdoors, they are particularly exposed to static and dynamic loads, which under certain circumstances have a negative effect on weathering from ultraviolet radiation, high temperature and high humidity. In particular, in the case of glass laminates which were exposed to high atmospheric humidity, a significant decrease in flexural rigidity was found. This showed that the moisture content of the plastic intermediate layer of the glass laminate had a major influence on the material behavior "adhesion and tensile properties". This can be particularly problematic when the glass construction serves as a load-bearing glass support.

In order to be able to use a surface or composite element designed as a glass laminate, especially outdoors as a parapet and / or railing glazing or as a load-bearing glass carrier, it is necessary to have the adhesive plastic intermediate layer (s), which the at least two Holds / hold together the glass panes of the glass laminate, to make them temperature and weather-resistant, in order to achieve the necessary edge stability of the glass laminate.

In the case of glass laminates known from the prior art, in particular no long-term edge stability with regard to weather influences and delamination effects can be achieved. When the edges of the glass laminates on the market are exposed to weathering, delamination and moistening of the plastic intermediate layer used as a composite material can always be detected after a certain time, so that it is inevitable that after a certain time the edge of the pane becomes cloudy. Depending on the climatic conditions, these effects occur earlier the longer the edges of the glass laminate are exposed to high temperatures and high humidity.

In the case of high ambient humidity, the adhesive intermediate layer made of plastic absorbs more water and stores it in the plastic structure. With affinity between polar Groups of the polymer molecules and the dipole of the water molecule, water is partly stored in the free volume, partly between the weakly bound molecule chains, which in the latter case leads to the swelling of the plastic. This process is usually reversible, because when the plastic intermediate layer dries, the water is excreted again as the plastic shrinks. However, internal stresses arise during swelling or shrinking, which can lead to microcracks.

The plastic intermediate layer of the surface element designed as a glass laminate is therefore subject to irreversible aging. This time-dependent influence on the material of the plastic intermediate layer relates in particular to the edge area of the glass laminate.

To protect against aging, in particular through thermal or solar oxidation, it is conceivable to add small amounts of stabilizers to the plastic material of the intermediate layer. The two most important groups of these additives are antioxidants for binding and deactivating the radicals produced during oxidation and UV stabilizers for absorbing radiation, binding radicals and deactivating energetically excited groups of molecules.

However, the influence of moisture cannot be reduced or minimized by adding suitable stabilizers.

In particular, due to the microscopic properties of the films currently used in construction for intermediate layers, moisture can also have a decisive influence on the load-bearing behavior of the glass laminate. Moisture can get into the space between the film through the open edge of a glass laminate, for example through exposure to the weather on the edge or through incorrect ambient conditions. If the moisture content deviates from the optimum moisture content of the film, this can cause a strong negative change in the material behavior and the load-bearing capacity of the film. It should be noted that although moisture can only diffuse into the edge area of a glass laminate by a few centimeters, this usually already has negative effects, at least on the appearance. Damage caused by moisture is often characterized by the formation of bubbles, changes in color (cloudiness) and extensive delamination (detachment).

For this reason, in the building industry, and in particular in building construction, the use of parapet and / or railing glazing with an edge that can be exposed to the weather has often been avoided. This was seen as a “natural” limit in property construction in terms of the use of glass material. Rather, glass railings have so far been constructed in such a way that the upper “free” edge or the upper “free” edge of the glass laminate is held in place by a metal or plastic profile, this metal or plastic profile also being designed as a handrail can. Such a metal or plastic profile on the upper "free" edge of the glass laminate has a negative effect on the overall appearance of the railing glazing.

Proceeding from this situation, the invention is based on the object of specifying a glass construction for parapet and / or balustrade glazing or for load-bearing glass supports, in which the existing prejudice of experts can be overcome.

In particular, a glass construction is to be specified with a surface or composite element designed as a glass laminate, which consists of at least two glass panes that are connected by an adhesive intermediate layer made of plastic, the glass laminate of this glass construction not showing any penetration even after a long period of time, even with permanent free weathering Shows damage caused by moisture.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the subject matter of independent claim 1, with advantageous developments of the glass construction being specified in the dependent claims.

Accordingly, the invention relates in particular to a glass construction for parapet and / or railing glazing or for glass carriers with a surface or composite element designed as a glass laminate. The surface or composite element designed as a glass laminate consists of at least two glass panes which are connected by an adhesive intermediate layer made of plastic. According to the invention, it is provided in particular that at least one edge of the surface or composite element, and in particular the upper edge of the surface or composite element, which is exposed to free weathering, has an edge protection, which in this way connects at least in some areas to the respective end faces of the at least two glass panes is that the intermediate layer made of plastic is effectively protected from the effects of moisture.

In this context, it is provided according to the invention that the edge protection is formed from a crystal-clear material, in particular glass, and is laminated with a crystal-clear sealant onto the at least one edge of the surface or composite element in such a way that the respective end faces of the at least two glass panes and the Front side the intermediate layer are wetted and in particular enclosed by the crystal clear sealant.

This type of lamination of the edge protection onto the glass edge to be protected has the advantage that, on the one hand, the adhesive plastic intermediate layer between the at least two glass panes of the glass laminate is permanently protected from the effects of moisture and, on the other hand, the edge of the surface or composite element is protected from mechanical loads, in particular Impacts, etc., is effectively protected and thus mechanical delamination is avoided. In other words, in this embodiment the edge protector serves as a “sacrificial material” if, for example, an object falls on the edge.

In addition, an edge protection made of a crystal-clear material, which is laminated onto the edge to be protected with the help of a crystal-clear sealant, has the advantage that the plastic adhesive layer between the glass panes of the glass laminate can no longer be seen even when the edge is viewed from above. Therefore, the glass construction is particularly suitable as an architectural highlight, for example with parapet or railing glazing.

In the glass construction according to the invention, it is provided that the crystal-clear sealant is formed at least partially or in regions by a region of the adhesive intermediate layer protruding beyond the at least one edge of the surface or composite element. Accordingly, it may be possible to dispense with additional sealants. The area of the adhesive intermediate layer protruding over the at least one edge of the surface or composite element is correspondingly folded so that the area of the intermediate layer at least partially encloses the respective end faces of the at least two glass panes of the glass laminate.

In this context, it is particularly preferred that the intermediate layer or intermediate layers of the planar or composite element is at least partially or partially formed from an ionoplast polymer or a material with similar material properties, such as high-strength polyvinyl butyral (PVB). Compared to conventional PVB interlayers, an interlayer made of high-strength polyvinyl butyral or an ionoplast interlayer is much tougher and stiffer, so that the flat or composite element does not become unstable even with a greater load, especially weight, but remains statically self-supporting overall.

Alternatively, it is also conceivable that the intermediate layer comprises polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyacrylate (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and / or polyurethane (PUR). Such materials for the intermediate layer can be selected in particular when the glass construction only has to absorb low loads.

If a further sealant is used in addition or as an alternative to the intermediate layer, it is advisable to use acrylic, butyl, silicone and / or polyurethane. Like the material of the intermediate layer, the material of the additional sealant - should this be used - is in particular made crystal clear.

In principle, it is conceivable for the glazing bead used as edge protection to have a width which at least essentially corresponds to the thickness of the flat or composite element. In this way, an almost invisible, continuous closure of the surface or composite element is achieved.

As an alternative to this, however, it is also conceivable to choose a width for the glazing bead which is greater and in particular significantly greater than the thickness of the surface or composite element. In this case, the glazing bead would have another function, such as the function of a handrail.

According to another implementation of the glass construction according to the invention, however, it is provided that the surface or composite element has an internal glass laminate of at least two glass panes connected via an intermediate layer, the internal glass laminate preferably connected on both sides via an intermediate layer to at least one external glass panel or an external glass laminate is. In this embodiment it is advisable if the glazing bead is laminated to the at least one edge of the surface or composite element in such a way that preferably only the end face of the inner glass laminate is covered at least in some areas by the glazing bead.

Furthermore, in this embodiment it is advisable that not all intermediate layers of the glass laminate are used to laminate the glass bead, but for example only a single intermediate layer which protrudes in areas over the at least one edge of the surface or composite element, the protruding area being the adhesive intermediate layer is folded accordingly, so that the area of the intermediate layer at least partially encloses the respective end faces of the individual glass panes of the glass laminate.

The glass construction according to the invention is particularly suitable as a glass construction for a railing or as a glass support in building parts, such as balconies, galleries, stairs, platforms, terraces and the like in the interior and exterior.

In this respect, the present invention also relates to a corresponding railing or a corresponding glass support with a glass construction of the type mentioned above.

Exemplary embodiments of the glass construction according to the invention are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

• 1 schematisch in einer Querschnittsansicht eine erste exemplarische Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Glaskonstruktion;
• 2 schematisch und in einer Querschnittsansicht eine zweite exemplarische Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Glaskonstruktion; und;
• 3 schematisch und in einer Querschnittsansicht eine dritte exemplarische Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Glaskonstruktion.

Show it:

• 1 schematically in a cross-sectional view a first exemplary embodiment of the glass construction according to the invention;
• 2 schematically and in a cross-sectional view a second exemplary embodiment of the glass construction according to the invention; and;
• 3 schematically and in a cross-sectional view a third exemplary embodiment of the glass construction according to the invention.

Despite the known risks in the professional world, parapet and balustrade glazing and load-bearing glass supports are always built from laminated safety glass with the open lamination edge exposed to the weather. The durability of this freely weathered edge is repeatedly and extensively discussed by specialist consultants. Liquid / moisture standing on the edge for too long can make the composite film (= plastic intermediate layer) unsightly or damage it and delaminate.

These current disadvantages are to be remedied by placing a glass strip on the free edge exposed to the weather. The permanent covering of the free composite edge is achieved in particular by placing a polished glass strip on it. Of course, the attachment of metal strips, such as those made of titanium or stainless steel, would also be conceivable as a technical variant.

Using glass or titanium as edge protection has the additional advantage that there are no differences in length due to temperature changes, such as when stainless steel strips are used.

The glass construction according to the invention 100 is ideally suited as a railing for building parts such as balconies, galleries, stairs, platforms, terraces and the like indoors and outdoors. The glass construction 100 has a surface or composite element designed as a glass laminate 10 on. The surface or composite element 10 consists of at least two panes of glass 13th through an adhesive intermediate layer 14th made of plastic are connected to each other.

At the in 1 The schematically illustrated embodiment has the surface or composite element designed as a glass laminate 10 exactly two panes of glass 13th while the in 2 embodiment shown a total of three panes of glass 13th with appropriate plastic intermediate layers 14th form the glass laminate.

On the other hand, in 3 an embodiment of the glass construction according to the invention 100 shown in which the surface or composite element 10 an internal glass laminate 11 of two via an intermediate layer 14th connected panes of glass 13th having, the internal glass laminate 11 an intermediate layer on both sides 14th with an external glass pane 12th connected is.

The embodiments of the glass construction according to the invention shown in the drawings 100 have in common that at least the upper edge 20 of the surface or composite element 10 a laminated edge protection 1 has to this edge 20 of the sheet or composite element 10 to protect against mechanical influences and - especially when exposed to the elements - against moisture. In particular, the edge protection 1 such on the edge 20 of the surface or composite element 10 laminated that the interlayer / interlayers 14th between the panes of glass 13th of the glass laminate is / are protected from the effects of moisture.

At the in 3 The embodiment shown is the edge protection 1 such on the edge 20 of the surface or composite element 10 laminated, that preferably only the front side of the inner glass laminate 11 at least in some areas from the edge protection 1 is covered.

In the embodiments shown in the drawings, the edge protection 1 in particular as a polished glass bead made of a crystal-clear material, this glass bead preferably with a crystal-clear sealant 2 is laminated onto the edge 20 of the glass laminate to be protected. The sealant 2 can have, for example, acrylic, butyl, silicone and / or polyurethane and is in particular made crystal clear.

As an intermediate layer 14th different materials are used. Particularly good results can be achieved if the intermediate layer 14th Polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyacrylate (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and / or polyurethane (PUR). The intermediate layer 14th is preferably transparent and crystal clear. According to embodiments, the intermediate layer 14th but also colored or printed with motifs.

According to embodiments, it is provided in particular that the material of the plastic intermediate layer 14th at least one stabilizer is added, in particular an antioxidant and / or a UV stabilizer, to the plastic intermediate layer 14th also to protect against UV radiation or against aging due to UV radiation.

With the solution according to the invention, the durability of the railing can be guaranteed much more reliably. The high aesthetic demands on the upper visible edge, which therefore does not have any offsets of the individual glasses or interruptions due to the composite film, is a further advantage.

In particular, the solution according to the invention is also suitable for glass carriers in which at least one end face is in the outer area. By covering this end face with an edge protection of the type according to the invention, an optimal surface is created with regard to connection, in particular gluing, with other components. The glass bead laminated onto the front edges of the individual glass panes of the glass laminate achieves optimum power transmission from the other component to the glass carrier or the glass panes of the glass carrier, since the laminated glass bead deflects the force introduced into the glass bead or specifically into the glass panes of the glass carrier initiates.

List of reference symbols

1

Edge protection / glazing bead

2

sealant

10

Flat or composite element / glass laminate

11

Internal flat or composite element / glass laminate

12th

external surface or composite element / glass pane

13th

Glass pane of the glass laminate

14th

Interlayer / composite film

100

Glass construction

Claims (14)

Glass construction (100) for parapet and / or balustrade glazing or glass supports with a composite element (10) designed as a glass laminate, which consists of at least two glass panes (13) which are connected by an adhesive intermediate layer (14) made of plastic, with at least one edge (20) of the composite element (10) has an edge protection (1) which is connected to the respective end faces of the at least two glass panes (13) of the glass laminate at least in some areas in such a way that the intermediate layer (14) is protected from the effects of moisture, the edge protection ( 1) is formed from a crystal-clear material and is connected at least in some areas to the at least one edge (20) of the composite element (10) with a crystal-clear sealant (2) in such a way that the respective end faces of the at least two glass panes (13) of the glass laminate and / or the end face of the intermediate layer (14) is wetted and / or enclosed by the crystal-clear sealant (2) n, and wherein the crystal-clear sealing means (2) is formed by a region of the adhesive intermediate layer (14) protruding beyond the at least one edge (20) of the composite element, the edge protection (1) having a glass strip which extends over the sealing means (2 ) is at least partially connected to the at least one edge (20) of the composite element (10). Glass construction (100) Claim 1 wherein the glazing bead has a width which at least substantially corresponds to the thickness of the composite element (10). Glass construction (100) Claim 1 wherein the glazing bead has a width which is greater, in particular significantly greater than the thickness of the composite element (10). Glass construction (100) Claim 1 , the glazing bead having a width which is smaller than the thickness of the composite element (10), the glazing bead being connected to the at least one edge (20) of the composite element (10) in such a way that the glazing bead is the end face of at least one intermediate layer ( 14) covered between two panes of glass (13). Glass construction (100) Claim 4 , wherein the composite element (10) has an internal glass laminate (11) made of at least two glass panes (13) connected via an intermediate layer (14), the internal glass laminate preferably on both sides via an intermediate layer (14) with at least one external glass panel (12) or an external glass laminate. Glass construction (100) Claim 5 , wherein the glazing bead is laminated to the at least one edge (20) of the composite element (10) in such a way that preferably only the end face of the inner Glass laminate (11) is at least partially covered by the glass strip. Glass construction (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 6th , wherein the sealant (2) comprises acrylic, butyl, silicone and / or polyurethane and is made crystal clear. Glass construction (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 6th , wherein the intermediate layer (14) comprises polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyacrylate (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and / or polyurethane (PUR) and is colored or printed with motifs. Glass construction (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 6th , wherein the intermediate layer (14) has an ionoplast polymer and is designed as an ionoplast film and is colored or printed with motifs. Glass construction (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 6th , wherein the intermediate layer (14) is formed from a casting resin. Glass construction (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 10 wherein at least one stabilizer is added to the material of the intermediate layer (14). Use of a glass construction (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 11 as glass supports and / or railings for building parts such as balconies, galleries, stairs, platforms, terraces and the like in the interior and / or exterior. Railings or glass supports for building parts, such as balconies, galleries, stairs, platforms, terraces and the like in the interior and / or exterior area with a glass construction (100) according to one of the Claims 1 to 11 . Railings or glass supports Claim 13 wherein a lower edge (20) of the glass construction (100) is or can be connected to a support profile, and wherein at least the opposite upper edge (20) of the glass construction (100) has the edge protection (1).

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