DE102018109997A1 - Clean City vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

Exhaust filtering for a motor vehicle, wherein the exhaust gas filtering comprises at least one controllable exhaust filter (12).

Description

The present application relates to the field of exhaust gas filtering in motor vehicles.

Air pollution from urban vehicles has become a problem on some roads, e.g. the Landshuter Allee, Munich, threatened driving bans. To avoid this, new, better exhaust filter systems are needed.

The problem is solved with the controllable filters for a clean city vehicle, as well as a motor vehicle with a corresponding controllable filter, as defined in the appended claims. Further aspects of the invention are set forth in the subclaims, the drawings and the description.

The exemplary embodiments disclose exhaust gas filtering for a motor vehicle, wherein the exhaust gas filtering has at least one controllable exhaust gas filter. By way of example, the exhaust gas filtering may be a device for the exhaust gas filtering, such as a catalytic converter. The catalyst may contain all previously known elements or filter components and additionally at least one controllable or remotely controllable filter.

The controllable filter can be controlled remotely, for example.

The controllable exhaust filter may be configured to perform a navigation-controlled filtering. The navigation-controlled filtering, for example, adjusts the exhaust gas filtering of the vehicle so that the local maximum permissible air pollution values are not exceeded.

The controllable exhaust gas filter can be controlled or adjusted, for example, while driving by a navigation. The filter control can detect, for example, the signals sent by a measuring station and adapts the exhaust gas control of the vehicle to the specifications of the measuring station. For example, a country, city, town, or street has metering stations that detect air pollution and communicate the measured values / specifications to the passing vehicles with controllable filtering, e.g. Radio, infrared, internet of things, satellite, etc. This has the purpose that the filtering of passing vehicles can be adapted to local needs.

The controllable filters of the exemplary embodiments can in particular adapt the exhaust gas filtering to the maximum permissible air pollution values.

The controllable exhaust gas filter can be for example a controllable active particle filter with turbines and cloud chamber. The controllable exhaust gas filter can also be a controllable foam filter, a controllable passive particle filter with balls, a controllable siphon filter with balls, or a controllable electrostatic / electromagnetic filter. In the controllable electrostatic / electromagnetic filter, the control takes place, for example, on the voltage and intensity.

The exhaust filtering may further comprise a diverter switch and a pressure bag container. Thus, the exhaust gases are either released into the open or they are compressed with, for example, a turbine or a generator in a pressure bag container and discharged from there later into the open, after the vehicle has passed the problem zone.

In the exhaust gas filtering pressure sensors can be installed in the filter area, as well as a filter back pressure compensation device may be provided to compensate / reduce the filter back pressure. The filter back pressure compensation device can, for. B. be designed in the form of a turbine, pump or similar device.

The exhaust filtering may further include a sucker.

The controllable filter can be controlled for example by controlling a pumping power of a pump, by regulating the electrical voltage between an exhaust gas inlet and filter balls in the housing, and / or by regulating the suction power of the nipple.

The embodiments also relate to an engine for a motor vehicle having a combustion chamber with a piston and a vacuum chamber below the piston. The engine thus has a better efficiency.

In the case of the engine, the connecting rod may be a pipe that is designed with spray nozzles on top and suction nozzles on the bottom and that is used to lubricate the cylinder wall. A pump is not necessary because the vacuumed cylinder underside sucks the lubricating oil through the connecting rod as through a straw.

The embodiments also relate to a motor vehicle with exhaust filtering as described herein, and / or a motor as described herein.

• 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Kraftfahrzeugs zeigt;
• 2 ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Motors für ein erfindungsgemäßes Fahrzeug zeigt;
• 3 ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines steuerbaren Filters für ein erfindungsgemäßes Fahrzeug zeigt, hier einen steuerbaren Aktiv-Partikel-Filter;
• 4 ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines steuerbaren Filters für ein erfindungsgemäßes Fahrzeug zeigt, hier einen steuerbaren Schaumfilter;
• 5 ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines steuerbaren Filters für ein erfindungsgemäßes Fahrzeug zeigt, hier einen steuerbaren Passiv-Partikelfilter;
• 6A ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines steuerbaren Filters für ein erfindungsgemäßes Fahrzeug zeigt, hier einen steuerbarer Syphon-Partikelfilter;
• 6B ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines steuerbaren Syphon-Partikelfilters zeigt;
• 7 ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines steuerbaren Filters für ein erfindungsgemäßes Fahrzeug zeigt, hier einen steuerbaren elektromagnetischen Filter;
• 8A und 8B ein Ausführungsbeispiel für einen Motor mit Schmierung der Zylinderwand für ein erfindungsgemäßes Fahrzeug zeigt;
• 9A eine weitere Ausführungsform eines steuerbaren Passiv-Partikelfilters zeigt;
• 9B eine vergrößerte Darstellung der Filterkugeln des steuerbaren Passiv-Partikelfilters der 9A zeigt;
• 10A einen steuerbaren Filterzeigt, der im Filterbereich Drucksensoren eingebaut hat und eine Filtergegendruckausgleichsvorrichtung aufweist; und
• 10B eine Ausführungform eines Motors 8mit Schmierung der Zylinderwand zeigt.

In the following, embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein

• 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the motor vehicle according to the invention;
• 2 an embodiment of an engine for a vehicle according to the invention shows;
• 3 an embodiment of a controllable filter for a vehicle according to the invention shows, here a controllable active particle filter;
• 4 shows an embodiment of a controllable filter for a vehicle according to the invention, here a controllable foam filter;
• 5 an embodiment of a controllable filter for a vehicle according to the invention shows, here a controllable passive particle filter;
• 6A an embodiment of a controllable filter for a vehicle according to the invention shows, here a controllable siphon particle filter;
• 6B shows a further embodiment of a controllable siphon particle filter;
• 7 shows an embodiment of a controllable filter for a vehicle according to the invention, here a controllable electromagnetic filter;
• 8A and 8B shows an embodiment of an engine with lubrication of the cylinder wall for a vehicle according to the invention;
• 9A shows another embodiment of a controllable passive particulate filter;
• 9B an enlarged view of the filter balls of the controllable passive particulate filter 9A shows;
• 10A shows a controllable filter having incorporated pressure sensors in the filter area and having a filter backpressure compensation device; and
• 10B shows an embodiment of a motor 8 with lubrication of the cylinder wall.

1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the motor vehicle according to the invention. An engine 11 For example, an internal combustion engine with a vacuum chamber, produces unfiltered exhaust gas. The unfiltered exhaust gas becomes a controllable filter 12 supplied, which converts the unfiltered exhaust gas into filtered exhaust gas. With the controllable filter 12 it can be, for example, an active particle passive filter with balls, a siphon filter with balls, an electrostatic filter or an electromagnetic filter. An efficient navigation-controlled filter control 13 controls the filtering level of the controllable filter 12 and, by means of a switch 14 for gases, where the exhaust gases go. The desk 14 for gases, the gases go directly outside into the open, or pass them through a turbine 15 (or a generator) in a pressure bag 16 , which is housed for example in the trunk of the motor vehicle. Thus, the exhaust gases are either discharged into the open or they are with the turbine 15 (or a generator) in the pressure bag container 16 compressed and released from there later after the vehicle has passed the problem zone.

Navigation-controlled filtering adjusts the vehicle's exhaust filtering so that it does not exceed the local maximum allowable air pollution levels. The prerequisites for navigation-controlled filter control 13 are indicated for example on map material. The map material can be navigated by the filter control 13 For example, refer to the locally highest permitted level of air pollution. The navigation-controlled filter control 13 Detects where the vehicle is located and adjusts the degree of filtration accordingly. The environmental authority preferably monitors the degree of pollution and transmits the values to the navigation-controlled filter control via satellite or radio online 13 , The environmental authority can transmit the degree of pollution in this way to all vehicles with a navigation-controlled filter control 13 are equipped. Alternatively, you can drive offline with a programmed map navigation and update the maps.

The controllable exhaust gas filter can be controlled or adjusted, for example, while driving by the navigation. The filter control recognizes, for example, the signals sent by a measuring station and adapts the exhaust gas control of the vehicle to the specifications of the measuring station. For example, a country, city, town, or street has metering stations that detect air pollution and communicate the measured values / specifications to the passing vehicles with controllable filtering, e.g. Radio, infrared, internet of things, satellite, etc. This has the purpose that the filtering of passing vehicles can be adapted to local needs.

2 shows an embodiment of an engine for a vehicle according to the invention (see 11 1 ). The engine has a cylinder 20 with a combustion chamber 21 and a vacuum chamber 22 on. In the vacuum chamber 22 arises on a piston 23 a tensile force F of up to 1 kg / cm ² (1 At). About small leaks 27 can air in the vacuum chamber 22 reach. The vacuum is maintained by a lid 24 and a valve 30 and a piston movement by constantly pumping out air. About the valve 30 can over the leaking air leakage, but it can not get air into the vacuum chamber 22 enter. In this way arises under the piston 23 a vacuum. A feather 25 from a base 26 is supported, becomes the lid 23 kept closed. In places 28 can remove air from the vacuum chamber 22 leak, but not in the vacuum chamber 22 enter.

3 shows an embodiment of a controllable filter 13 for a vehicle according to the invention (see 1 ). In this embodiment, the controllable filter is a controllable active particle filter, which is a filter of the type wet filter. The active particle filter becomes a liquid 34 fed into atomizers 31 is atomized to mist, which is a cloud chamber 32 of the active particle filter fills. Unfiltered exhaust gas is released from the engine into the cloud chamber 32 (Turbulator) and meets the liquid mist. turbines 37 and 38 mix the exhaust gas with the liquid mist ( 37 Image: Turbine on links, 38 : Turbine on the right). The particles contained in the exhaust become wet, heavier than gas and can be released from a centrifuge 33 into a process 36 be ejected for wet particles. Fluid is pumped through 35 recirculated. The liquid is changed after certain working hours like oil. The cloud chamber 32 and the surfaces of the turbines 37 . 38 can be coated, such as catalysts. High electrostatic stress, as with certain paint shops, helps to attract the particles. The filter housing has a negative voltage Θ. The centrifuge has a positive tension ⊕. This works for charged particles. The pressure bag 16 with the turbine 15 and the switch 14 (see description of 1 ) make it possible to drive a short 0.00 emission route, eg a road where no emissions are allowed.

4 shows a further embodiment of a controllable filter for a vehicle according to the invention (see 13 in 1 ). In this embodiment, the controllable filter is a controllable foam filter, which is also a wet filter type filter. Like a sponge, foam has a large surface area and can therefore absorb many particles. Exhaust gas is blown unfiltered on the foam. Then the particles stick to the foam bubbles, are trapped and can be ejected with the liquid, which is heavier than gas. The smaller the bubbles, the greater the filtering effect. Unfiltered exhaust from the engine becomes a laminator 41 fed. The laminator 41 mixes the exhaust with foam. In the laminator 41 bubbles are created with exhaust gas on the surface and inside. In a foam chamber 42 the foam is firmer because it contains exhaust fumes with particles. In a condenser and spin chamber 43 The bubbles (foam) are thinned with liquid and made to burst. The particles stick to the liquid and are ejected with it. Clean gases (filtered exhaust gas) are released. A decantor 46 separates the foam. A foam turbine 45 (Pump) conveys the foam. A pump 47 carries liquid. The pump 47 does not foam. After a certain period of operation, the liquid is discharged via the outlets 44 and 48 emptied / changed like oil.

5 shows a further embodiment of a controllable filter for a vehicle according to the invention (see 13 in 1 ). In this embodiment, the controllable filter is a controllable passive particulate filter, which is also a wet filter type filter. Exhaust from the engine is introduced into the filter. The filter is filled with balls 52 , The balls 52 can be hollow to save weight. The balls may be smaller in diameter if more effective filtering is desired. An atomizer 51 distributes liquid 55 , eg oil or a mixture, evenly on the balls 52 , Liquid flows down from ball to ball. Dust particles stick to and between the moistened balls. A sieve 53 lets the liquid through, not the balls. From the filter exits filtered exhaust gas. The liquid collects below, recirculates and is periodically passed through an outlet 56 changed. A pump 57 recirculates the liquid. The pump doses the liquid so that the balls are wet only on their surface and do not float in liquid, otherwise the exhaust gas is too heavy. The pumping speed is controllable and determines how much liquid is in the filter and thereby the filtering efficiency or the degree of filtering.

6A shows a further embodiment of a controllable filter for a vehicle according to the invention (see 13 in 1 ). In this embodiment, the controllable filter is a controllable siphon filter 60 , which is also a wet filter type filter. Unfiltered exhaust gas enters the filter. There are balls in the filter 63 in liquid. If you direct the exhaust (unfiltered) on a wet surface (here the balls 63 that are in liquid) past, then the particles stick to the surfaces and gas without particles (filtered exhaust gas) can escape. The smaller the balls, the more effective the filtering. A pump 66 conveys the liquid 61 in the filter inlet. About the outlet 64 is an emptying possible. About a controller 65 the fluid level in the filter is controlled. About the controller 65 the liquid level and thus the degree of filtration is determined. Liquid is changed after certain working time like oil.

6B shows a further embodiment of a controllable siphon filter. This is a 3-stage siphon filter.

7 shows a further embodiment of a controllable filter for a vehicle according to the invention (see 13 in 1 ). In this embodiment, the controllable filter is a controllable electromagnetic filter, which is a partial dry filter with a wet collector wall. Unfiltered exhaust gas flows through a nozzle 70 a, which is designed as a cathode. surfaces 73a . 73b and 76 are designed as anodes. Between anode and cathode the highest possible electrical voltage is applied. In bundling coils 71b and in distraction coils 72b an electric current flows. The magnetic field generated in this way directs the particle beams 74 in the direction of a particle collector wall 78 with absorbent liquid layer. There, the particles are absorbed and washed off. A pump 77 carries liquid 75 to a wall humidifier 79 , The wall humidifier 79 Moisten the particle collector wall 78 with the liquid. The liquid is changed regularly. You can focus the rays 74 towards particle collector wall 78 by means of axial magnetic fields or a cylinder (with) under focusing voltage. There is a particle sorting; different parts (particles) / particles collect in different places. A separation is possible. Control is via the voltage and intensity. Exhaust gas exits the filter.

The 8A and 8B show an embodiment of an engine with lubrication of the cylinder wall for a vehicle according to the invention. A cylinder 80 of the motor ( 11 in 1 ) comprises a piston 81 coming from a connecting rod 83 is driven. The piston is with channels 82 provided, flows through the oil. The engine is the connecting rod 83 a pipe with spray nozzles 84 (Lubrication nozzles) top and suction nozzles 86 is designed below, which are used to lubricate the cylinder wall. Oil is through one or more suction nozzles 86 into the channels 82 sucked. The spray nozzles 84 (Lubricating nozzles) inject the oil onto the cylinder wall. A pump is not necessary because the vacuumed cylinder underside sucks the lubricating oil through the connecting rod as through a straw. A valve 85 makes it possible to remove oil and air. Under the piston 81 a vacuum forms (negative pressure).

9A shows a further embodiment of a controllable passive particulate filter. Exhaust from the engine is in the filter 90 via an exhaust gas import 95 introduced. The exhaust gas import 95 is thinner (diameter A ) as an exhaust gas export 96 (Diameter B ). The filter 90 is filled with balls 52 , The balls 52 can be hollow to save weight. The balls 52 may be smaller in diameter if more efficient filtering is desired. An atomizer 51 (Sprayer) distributes liquid 55 , eg oil or a mixture, evenly on the balls 52 , The liquid flows down from ball to ball. Dust particles stick to and between the moistened balls 52 , A sieve 53 lets the liquid through, not the balls. A sucker 97 (For example, a pump, a compressor, a turbine, etc.) sucks the filtered exhaust gas and performs the filtered exhaust gas. Inside the filter, negative pressure is created by the vacuum cleaner 97 , The air vacuum 97 creates a negative pressure in the filter. For that one can the exhaust gas import A thinner as export B and the sucker 97 start, creating a negative pressure. That is, the gas between the balls is thinner and thus less load-bearing for anything that floats in it, and so increases the likelihood that a dust particle collides with a wet surface and is trapped and flushed out with the liquid. A pressure sensor 94 determines the pressure in the filter. The liquid collects below, recirculates and is periodically passed through an outlet 56 changed. A pump 57 recirculates the liquid through a pipe 94 , The pump 57 doses the liquid so that the balls are wet only on their surface and do not float in liquid, otherwise the exhaust gas is too heavy. The pumping speed is controllable and determines how much liquid is in the filter and thereby the filtering efficiency or the degree of filtering. An increased tension 92 (⊕), 93 (⊖) is to the exhaust gas import 95 or the filter wall created. An isolation 91 ensures an electrical separation of the exhaust gas import 95 from the filter 90 , The electrical voltage between the unfiltered exhaust gas and the balls 52 pulls the particles towards balls 52 and liquid so that they hit the liquid. The additional increased electrical voltage 82 . 93 helps the particles to overcome the liquid-adhesive surface tension at lower velocities and to penetrate into the liquid, where they remain until the liquid changes.

9B shows an enlarged view of the filter balls 52 the controllable passive particulate filter of 9A , liquid 55 collects at all contact points of the balls. Through the room 100 need the exhaust gases through. The particles collide with the fluid accumulation and are trapped. The result is an adhesive accumulation of fine dust (fine dust trap).

The example of 9A and 9B shows a filter that can be regulated several times. First, by regulating the pump power of the pump 57 with the sprayer 51 , Second, by regulating the electrical voltage between the exhaust gas inlet 05 and filter balls 52 in the case. Third, by regulating the suction power of the teat 97 ,

10A shows a controllable filter, the pressure in the filter area 101 has installed and a filter backpressure compensation device 102 , z. In the form of a turbine, pump or similar device to compensate / reduce the filter back pressure. The filter backpressure compensation device 102 (Turbine / pump / compressor) creates pressure in front of the filter 103 to compensate for the filter back pressure. The filter backpressure compensation device 102 can also be in the filter 103 be integrated.

10B shows an embodiment of an engine with lubrication of the cylinder wall. A cylinder 80 of the motor ( 11 in 1 ) comprises a piston 81 coming from a connecting rod 83 is driven. Through a suction nozzle 86 in the connecting rod 83 Lubricating oil is in the connecting rod 83 sucked. A spray nozzle 84 acts as a straw and sucks oil into the interior of the cylinder 80 , Under the piston creates a vacuum (negative pressure) in the interior of the cylinder 80 ,

For all spheres / spheres, the smaller the spheres / spheres, the better the degree of filtration.

For all filters, these may contain catalyst substances.

The filters can be cooled. For example, the housing is simultaneously radiator or the exhaust gases are cooled before entering the filter. This is helpful because the exhaust gases may be too hot and may change the properties of the fluids from the filter (eg burning / vaporizing).

The surfaces inside the filters may have a larger roughness / roughness (this includes the balls as well). On rougher surfaces more liquid and dust collects.

The balls, like other filter parts, can be magnetic, which helps to filter electrically charged particles.

The residual energy of the exhaust gases can be used, similar to turbochargers; This time to generate electricity instead of the previous alternator. This would cool the exhaust gases in front of the filter and improve the energy balance, ie efficiency.

The balls / hollow balls used may be bead-shaped, with, for example, at least one hole. They can not have spherical surfaces to provide the largest possible wet surface / sliding surface for the exhaust gas.

Claims (15)

Exhaust filtering for a motor vehicle, wherein the exhaust gas filtering comprises at least one controllable exhaust gas filter (12). Exhaust filtering after Claim 1 wherein the controllable exhaust filter (12) is adapted to perform a navigation-controlled filtering. Exhaust filtering after Claim 1 or 2 wherein the controllable exhaust gas filter (12) can be controlled or adjusted while driving by a navigation (13). Exhaust gas filtering according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the filter control recognizes, for example, the signals sent by a measuring station and adapts the exhaust gas control of the vehicle to the specifications of the measuring station. Exhaust gas filtering according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the controllable exhaust gas filter (12) is a controllable active particle filter with turbines (37, 89) and mist chamber (32). Exhaust filtering according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the controllable exhaust gas filter (12) is a controllable foam filter. Exhaust filtering according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the controllable exhaust gas filter (12) is a controllable passive particle filter with balls (52). Exhaust gas filtering according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the controllable exhaust gas filter (12) is a controllable siphon filter with balls (63). Exhaust filtering according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the controllable exhaust gas filter (12) is a controllable electrostatic / electromagnetic filter. Exhaust filtering according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the exhaust gas filtering further comprises a diverter switch (14) and a pressure bag container (16). Exhaust gas filtering according to one of the preceding claims, in which pressure sensors (101) are installed in the filter region, and a filter counterpressure compensation device (102) is provided in order to compensate / reduce the filter back pressure. Exhaust filtering according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the exhaust gas filtering further comprises a suction device (97). Exhaust filtering according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the controllable filter (12) by controlling a pumping power of a pump (57), by controlling the electrical voltage (92, 93) between an exhaust gas inlet (95) and filter balls (52) in the housing, and / or by controlling the suction power of a nipple (97) can be controlled. An engine for a motor vehicle having a combustion chamber (21) with a piston (23) and a vacuum chamber (22) under the piston (23). Engine after Claim 14 , characterized in that the engine of the connecting rod (83) is a pipe with spray nozzles (84) above and suction nozzles (86) is designed below and is used for lubricating the cylinder wall.

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