DE102018103974A1 - Friction welding device with reusable pressure piece - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a friction welding device for Reibschweißverbinden a first component (1) with a second component (2) by a friction element (3), wherein the friction welding device comprises a counter-holder (4) and a Reibschweißwerkzeug (11), the Reibschweißwerkzeug (11) the friction element (3) receives during Reibschweißverbinden holds, along a rotation axis (R) in the direction of the counter-holder (4) moves and rotates about it, wherein the counter-holder (4) is formed in several parts and a base body (41), a pressure piece (5) and a pressure piece receptacle (42) which is arranged on a side facing the friction welding tool (11) of the base body (41) and in which the pressure piece (5) is received in the Reibschweißverbinden, wherein the pressure piece (5) at least two working surfaces (51) and each work surface opposite a support surface (52), and wherein a working surface (51) of the at least two work surfaces (51) a the R eibschweißwerkzeug facing pressure surface (53) and the opposite support surface (52) on one of the pressure piece receiving (42) formed counter support surface (43) rests.

Description

The invention relates to a friction welding device for Reibschweißverbinden a first component with a second component by a friction element, wherein the friction welding device comprises a multi-part counter-holder with a reusable pressure piece. Furthermore, the invention relates to an associated Reibschweiß- and an associated repair method.

Friction welding is a welding process in which two parts are pressed relative to each other and pressed together under pressure. Due to the movement of the parts to be joined and the pressure, heat is generated between the parts to be joined, which leads to a melting of the parts to be joined. The molten material of the parts to be joined mixes, so that after a cooling phase between the parts to be joined, a cohesive connection or friction-welded connection is produced.

A variant of the friction welding provides to add two components by means of a friction element. In this case, a first component is attached to a second component by the friction element is set in rotation and rubbed by pressure through the first component until it comes to rest on the second component, with which it then according to the principle described above, a material connection received. The friction element and the second component serve as joining parts. For this purpose, the friction element has a shank portion with which it penetrates the first component and with which it forms the integral connection with the second component. Furthermore, the friction element has a head portion, which rests against the first component and this presses against the second component.

The friction element and the second component must be as joining parts of a suitable material for friction welding, for example steel, whereas that first component must be suitable to be durchriebened by the shaft portion of the friction element, without entering into a cohesive connection. Consequently, the first component is so soft that the friction element is not already melted when rubbing through the first component and is so thin in its thickness direction that the shaft portion of the friction element can penetrate the first component. For the first component, therefore, for example, plastics or aluminum are suitable. Furthermore or as an alternative, the first component can have a through-hole in the area of the friction welding point, so that the first component does not have to be through-penetrated or the diameter of the through-hole of the friction element is only enlarged when rubbed through.

Various embodiments of friction welding devices for such a friction welding method, or for Reibschweißverbinden already known from the prior art. These usually comprise a friction welding tool which is designed to hold the friction element in order to rotate about its axis of rotation and to move in the direction of a counter-holder on which the first and second components rest during the friction welding. When the friction element hits the first and later the second component by virtue of its movement, a pressure is exerted on the first or second component by the friction element accommodated in the friction welding tool. The counter-holder counteracts this pressure, so that the first and second components do not move due to the pressure. During friction welding of the friction element with the second component, it can easily happen that the second component is completely rubbed through and the friction element comes into direct contact with the counter holder. Due to the direct contact between friction element and counter-holder as well as the rotation of the friction element and the resulting heat and pressure exerted on the anvil, a pointing to the second component pressure surface of the counter-holder can be damaged, whereby the pressure surface in subsequent Reibschweißverfahren has a changed surface finish. This can occur in particular during the friction-welding connection of two thin sheets as first and second component. Due to the changed surface condition of the counter-holder, it may, for example, no longer be possible to lay the second component flat on the counter-holder. It is also possible that the pressure distributions between the second component and pressure surface or counter-holder change. By damaging the counter-holder therefore no consistent quality of Reibschweißverfahrens is guaranteed. Therefore, in the friction welding devices known in the prior art, counter-holders having a damaged printing surface are already exchanged and disposed of on the first detection of damage. This leads to high repair and maintenance costs.

The invention is therefore based on the object to overcome the aforementioned disadvantages and to provide a Reibschweißvorrichtung and associated methods by which a damaged counter-holder can be used multiple times and can be easily and inexpensively repaired.

This object is achieved by the feature combination according to claim 1.

According to the invention for this purpose, a friction welding device for Reibschweißverbinden a first component with a second component is proposed, with which the first and the second component be connected by a friction element. The friction welding device has a counter-holder and a friction-welding tool, wherein the friction-welding tool receives the friction element during friction-welding bonding, moves along an axis of rotation of the friction element in the direction of the counter-holder and rotated about it. The counter-holder is designed in several parts and has a base body, a pressure piece and a pressure piece receiving. The pressure piece receptacle is arranged or formed on a side facing the Reibschweißwerkzeug side of the main body and receives at least in the Reibschweißverbinden the pressure piece. The pressure piece has at least two work surfaces and each work surface opposite a support surface. A working surface of the at least two working surfaces forms a pressure surface facing the friction welding tool in the friction welding connection, on which the second component rests in the friction welding. The working surface, which forms the pressure surface, opposing support surface is at least during friction welding on a formed by the pressure piece receiving support surface, so that the pressure piece is supported in the direction of the axis of rotation against the pressure generated by the friction on the first and second components. In the friction welding process, the pressure exerted by the friction element on the first and second components acts on the pressure surface. Characterized in that the pressure piece is not formed integrally with the pressure piece receiving, it can be changed in its orientation in the pressure piece receiving, so that another working surface of the pressure piece forms the pressure surface. In a damage of the pressure surface forming working surface, the pressure piece can therefore be recycled or reused at least once by a realignment of the pressure piece in the pressure piece receiving.

In an advantageous embodiment, a geometric center of the pressure surface is arranged on the rotation axis, so that the pressure on the pressure surface can be evenly distributed and this is evenly loaded.

A further advantageous embodiment provides that the pressure piece is designed as a rotationally symmetrical about its longitudinal axis cylinder with two cover and a lateral surface whose diameter is preferably greater than its height. The pressure piece has as cover surfaces on two opposite circular surfaces, each defining a work surface. The longitudinal axis of the cylinder extends in the friction welding process along the axis of rotation, so that the work surfaces are orthogonal to the axis of rotation.

The support surfaces extend in a further advantageous embodiment annularly around a respective working surface, wherein the pressure piece receiving is step-shaped in its cross section. The steps rotate around the axis of rotation at least partially annular. On a side facing the Reibschweißwerkzeug one of the stages, the counter-support surface is arranged, which also rotates at least partially annular the axis of rotation. If the pressure piece with its support surface, which is opposite to the pressure surface determining working surface, on the mating support surface, the working surface, which runs around the support surface is not due to the step-like design of the counter-holder on the anvil. Damage to the work surface around which the support surface extends, therefore, has no influence on the support of the pressure surface forming the working surface or the pressure piece.

An alternative but also advantageous embodiment variant provides that the pressure piece is designed as a disc. The disc has a side facing the Reibschweißwerkzeug on which the work surfaces are arranged. The work surfaces are spaced from each other about a center axis of the disk extending through a geometric center of the page and orthogonal to the side in the circumferential direction, and preferably offset from each other by a predetermined angle.

Advantageous in this case is an embodiment in which the central axis of the disc extends parallel to the axis of rotation and spaced therefrom in the radial direction. The anvil also includes a drive unit configured to rotate the disc circumferentially about the central axis by a predetermined angle such that a work surface is rotated from a position forming the pressure surface and at the same time a new working surface into which the pressure surface determining position can be brought.

In an alternative embodiment it is provided that the central axis of the disc and thus the disc is tilted relative to the axis of rotation by an angle, wherein the working surfaces relative to the central axis have a corresponding angle, so that the working surfaces in the pressure surface defining position are orthogonal to the axis of rotation ,

A different but also advantageous alternative embodiment of the friction welding device provides that the pressure piece is designed as a cube. The cube has a rotating shaft that protrudes from two opposite sides of the cube. At least two of the remaining four sides of the cube each have a work surface is formed.

The cube is preferably rotatably mounted about the rotary shaft in the pressure piece receiving, so that a work surface is replaced by rotation of the cube about the rotary shaft by another work surface. The support surface is formed in each case by the remote from the Reibschweißwerkzeug and supported by the bearing portions of a lateral surface of the rotary shaft.

Also advantageous is an embodiment in which the pressure piece is designed as a cube, which has in each case a work surface on at least two of its six sides. On a side opposite the working surfaces sides, a support surface is formed in each case.

Furthermore, an embodiment variant is advantageous in which the pressure piece is designed as a cube which has a work surface and a support surface on six sides, wherein the support surface extends in each case around the work surface. For example, the cube can be rotated manually or automatically by a robot in the pusher receptacle.

In a further possible embodiment, it is advantageous for a work surface, which is arranged on the same side of the pressure piece as a support surface, to be arranged on a projection which protrudes relative to the support surface. As a result, the pressure piece, for example, be repaired by grinding the projection or the work surface.

According to the invention, a friction welding method with a friction welding device according to the invention is also proposed. It is essential here that the pressure surface of the pressure piece is checked in particular after a friction welding on a surface damage. If a damage or more precisely a surface damage is detected on the pressure surface or on the working surface of the pressure piece forming the pressure surface, the pressure piece is rotated until the working surface which determines the pressure surface is replaced by another working surface of the pressure piece which does not cause any surface damage has been replaced. The checking for a surface damage can be done directly or indirectly, for example by a camera or other optical sensors. An indirect verification is understood to mean the acquisition of data via sensors which indicate that the printing surface has been damaged. For example, the temperature of the pressure piece can be measured, with a too high for the proposed Reibschweißverfahren temperature or a temperature jump on the pressure piece indicate damage. Furthermore, the position or movement of the pressure piece during friction welding could also be detected by suitable sensors, since movement of the pressure piece likewise indicates damage. As an optical sensor, for example, a 2D laser profile sensor can be used.

In the friction welding, it is also advantageous if the pressure piece is ejected at a detected during the inspection surface damage from the pressure piece receiving in a pressure piece collecting container and is rotated after ejection.

If the pressure piece is cylindrical, for example, it can be conveyed as a pressure piece collecting container when ejecting into a pressure piece magazine. The pressure piece is not rotated during ejection, so that the damaged work surfaces of the recorded in the pressure piece magazine plungers are oriented pointing in a common direction. The pressure piece magazine can then be rotated with the pressure pieces therein and the pressure pieces are fed to the undamaged side of the pressure piece receiving. A counter can be used to determine how often the pressure pieces recorded in a pressure magazine have been damaged so that pressure pieces without undamaged work surfaces can be removed from the friction welding process. If all pressure pieces received in the pressure piece magazine have been removed from the friction welding process, the pressure piece magazine can be fitted with new, undamaged pressure pieces.

Alternatively, plungers, which are formed, for example, as a cube, are ejected in an indeterminate position in the pressure piece collecting container. The plungers can then be singulated and conveyed in a random orientation to a test center. At the test center, one or all work surfaces can then be checked for damage. If all work surfaces are damaged, the pressure piece is removed from the friction welding process. If at least one work surface undamaged and in a predetermined position, the pressure piece can pass the test site and is fed to the pressure piece receiving. If at least one working surface is undamaged, but not in the predetermined position, the pressure piece is conveyed back into the pressure piece collecting container.

According to the invention, a repair method of a friction welding device according to the invention is also proposed in which the pressure surface of the pressure piece is checked directly or indirectly for surface damage. The pressure piece is removed from the pressure piece holder in the event of a surface damage during the inspection and ground into a powder. The powder is then pressed to a new pressure piece and inserted the new pressure piece in the pressure piece receiving. The direct or indirect verification may be carried out by the means previously described. The pressure piece is preferably formed in one piece from a homogeneous material.

The features disclosed above can be combined as desired, as far as this is technically possible and they do not contradict each other.

• 1 eine erfindungsgemäße Reibschweißvorrichtung;
• 2a u. 2b eine erste Ausbildungsform eines Druckstücks;
• 3a u. 3b eine zweite Ausbildungsform eines Druckstücks;
• 4 eine dritte Ausbildungsform eines Druckstücks;
• 5 eine vierte Ausbildungsform eines Druckstücks;
• 6a u. 6b eine fünfte Ausbildungsform eines Druckstücks.

Other advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims or are shown in more detail below together with the description of the preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to FIGS. Show it:

• 1 a friction welding device according to the invention;
• 2a u. 2 B a first embodiment of a pressure piece;
• 3a u. 3b a second embodiment of a pressure piece;
• 4 a third embodiment of a pressure piece;
• 5 a fourth embodiment of a pressure piece;
• 6a u. 6b a fifth embodiment of a pressure piece.

The figures are exemplary schematic. Like reference numerals in the figures indicate like functional and / or structural features.

At the in 1 illustrated and schematically illustrated Reibschweißvorrichtungen is the friction element 3 in the friction welding tool 11 taken and held, the friction welding tool 11 from a first dashed line position along the axis of rotation R down in the direction of the first and second component 1 . 2 is moved. The first component 1 lies on the second component 2 and the second component 2 lies on a printing surface 53 of the counterpart 4 on. The counterpart 4 is formed in two parts in the embodiment shown. The pressure piece holder 42 and the main body 41 are integrally formed, wherein in the pressure piece receptacle 42 the pressure piece 5 is included. The printing surface 53 of the counterpart 4 is through to the Reibschweißwerkzeug 11 pointing first work surface 51 of the pressure piece 5 educated. The pressure piece 5 has a second workspace 51 on, on the opposite side and facing away from the Reibschweißwerkzeug side of the pressure piece 5 is trained. The work surfaces 51 are each from a support surface 52 surround. The pressure piece holder 42 is step-shaped in cross-section, so that a first stage with its pointing to the rotation axis R side ring around a circumferentially about the rotation axis R extending lateral surface of the pressure piece 5 runs and the pressure piece 5 enclosed and fixed in the radial direction about the axis of rotation R. The first stage extends in height over a portion of a height of the pressure piece 5 so that the side of the pressure piece 5 which the printing surface 53 forming work surface 51 has, with respect to the pressure piece receiving 42 protrudes. A second stage of pressure piece receiving 42 makes on her the friction welding tool 11 facing side, the opposite support surface 43 off, so the support surface 52 resting on her. That of the friction welding tool 11 remote working surface 51 of the pressure piece 5 does not lie on the counter support surface 43 on, but lies opposite the stages of Druckstückaufnahme 42 and opposite the pressure piece holder 42 free or at one of the pressure piece receiving 42 formed cavity 44 so that the position of the pressure piece 5 in the pressure piece holder 42 not from the work surfaces 51 but only from the lateral surface of the pressure piece 5 and the support surfaces 52 is determined.

In the 1 described training of the pressure piece 5 is one of several possible alternative and each advantageous embodiment variants of the pressure piece. These can, for example, as in the 2a to 6b be shown formed.

That in the 2a and 2 B shown pressure piece 5 corresponds to the pressure piece 5 the 1 , 2a shows the pressure piece 5 from a top view and 2 B shows it from a side view. The pressure piece 5 is cylindrical in its basic form, wherein the pressure piece 5 is greater in diameter than in its height measured along the longitudinal axis L. By the ratio of diameter to height is the pressure piece 5 further formed tablet-shaped. The cylindrical pressure piece 5 has two top surfaces along the longitudinal axis L on and one the longitudinal axis L circumferential lateral surface. On the top surfaces are each a round work surface 51 and one the working surface 51 annular circumferential support surface 52 determined, the work surface 51 and the support surface 52 are each a partial surface of the respective top surface, which is also indicated by the dashed lines in the figures. In the illustrated embodiment, the peripheral edge of the top surfaces is chamfered to the recording of the pressure piece 5 in the pressure piece holder 42 to facilitate.

The embodiment of the pressure piece 5 in the 3a and 3b essentially corresponds to the pressure piece 5 from the 2a and 2 B , The work surfaces 51 are deviating formed on a projection that opposite the support surfaces 52 protrudes so the work surfaces 51 can be easily freed from surface damage by mechanical processing of the respective projection. Is that in the 3a and 3b shown pressure piece 5 in the pressure piece holder 42 recorded, the location of the pressure piece 5 again exclusively from the to the counter support surface 43 pointing support surface 52 and the about the longitudinal axis L of the pressure piece 5 extending and between the support surfaces 52 lying lateral surface of the pressure piece 5 determined so that of the Reibschweißwerkzeug 11 facing away from the working surface 51 determined, not on or in the pressure piece receiving 42 rests. Damage to the work surface 51 or the projection have thereby no influence on the position or orientation of the pressure piece 5 in the pressure piece holder 42 ,

This in 4 shown pressure piece 5 is designed as a geometric cube with six sides. At the center of each of the pages is a work surface 51 formed by a support surface 52 is framed, with working surface 51 and support surface 52 Partial surfaces of the total area of each side. The cube thus has six work surfaces 51 on, from the opposite support surface 52 in the pressure piece holder 42 be supported. That by the 4 revealed pressure piece 5 is reusable six times through its six pages. The associated pressure piece holder 42 is also stepped and is located on the pressure piece 5 on the support surfaces 52 on, not the friction welding tool 11 facing away, with the work surfaces each remain free.

At the in 5 illustrated alternative embodiment of the pressure piece 5 extends a rotary shaft 54 through the pressure piece formed as a cube 5 and is integral with it. The rotary shaft 54 extends perpendicular to two opposite sides of the cube and is centered with respect to a respective center of the sides. The remaining four sides of the cube form a working surface over the entire surface 51 , The opposite the cube protruding portions of a lateral surface of the rotary shaft 54 each form a support surface 52 , where the the pressure surface 53 forming work surface 51 is supported by the portion of the lateral surface, which faces away from the Reibschweißwerkzeug. The cube is in the pressure piece holder 42 by means of the protruding portions of the rotary shaft 54 rotatably and stored so that a work surface 51 by rotation of the cube around and by means of the rotation shaft 54 through another workspace 51 of the cube is replaceable.

The 6a and 6b show an alternative embodiment of the pressure piece 5 as a disc. The disc has on one side, which in the friction welding the Reibschweißwerkzeug 11 facing, four each formed on a projection work surfaces 51 as shown in the side view 6b to recognize those around the central axis M the disc are offset by 90 ° to each other, as shown in the plan view 6a can be seen. On the of the friction welding tool 11 opposite side of the pressure piece 5 is for every work surface 51 a support surface 52 formed, with the work surfaces 51 from a top view, the support surfaces 52 at least partially overlap. It is advantageous that the support surfaces 52 each over a quarter of that of the Reibschweißwerkzeug 11 extend away side of the disc and are thus designed to be significantly larger than the respective associated work surfaces 51 , causing a pressure on the work surfaces 51 on the support surfaces 52 distributed and the pressure in the pressure piece receiving 42 can be removed over a large area. Accordingly, an associated mating support surface 43 a pressure piece recording 42 designed to be about the the respective support surface 52 forming quarter of the page of the pressure piece 5 to extend. About a drive, not shown, the disc is about the central axis M rotatable, which extends through the geometric center of the disc, leaving a damaged, the pressure surface 53 forming work surface 51 by a rotation about 90 ° of the disc around the central axis M through a new and undamaged work surface 51 is replaceable. This is the disc with its central axis M parallel to the rotation thing R and spaced therefrom in a radial direction, the distance between the axis of rotation R and central axis M the distance of the geometric centers of the work surfaces 51 to the central axis M equivalent.

The invention is not limited in its execution to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments. Rather, a number of variants is conceivable, which makes use of the illustrated solution even with fundamentally different types of use. For example, the pressure pad could be a Vielflächner, such as a pentagonal dodecahedron or icosahedron, each having a work surface on its sides and in which each work surface opposite a support surface is formed by one or more sides.

Claims (10)

Friction welding device for friction welding connection of a first component (1) with a second component (2) by a friction element (3), wherein the friction welding device has a counter-holder (4) and a friction-welding tool (11), the friction-welding tool (11) receives the friction element (3) during friction-welding joining, moves along an axis of rotation (R) in the direction of the counter-holder (4) and rotates about it the counter-holder (4) is designed in several parts and has a base body (41), a pressure piece (5) and a pressure piece receptacle (42) which is arranged on a side facing the friction welding tool (11) of the base body (41) and in which Reibschweißverbinden the pressure piece (5) is received, wherein the pressure piece (5) at least two working surfaces (51) and each working surface opposite a support surface (52), and wherein a working surface (51) of the at least two working surfaces (51) forms a pressure surface (53) facing the friction welding tool, and the opposing supporting surface (52) rests on a counter support surface (43) formed by the pressure piece receptacle (42). Friction welding device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pressure piece (5) is designed as a cylinder which is rotationally symmetrical about its longitudinal axis (L), the pressure piece has two opposite circular surfaces, each defining a work surface (51) and the longitudinal axis (L) extends in the friction welding process along the axis of rotation (R). Friction welding device according to the preceding claim, wherein the support surfaces (52) extend annularly around a respective working surface (51) and the pressure piece receptacle (42) is step-shaped in its cross section, the steps rotate at least partially annularly around the axis of rotation (R) and the counter support surface (43) is arranged on a side of one of the stages facing the friction welding tool (11) ) at least partially annularly rotates. Friction welding device according to one of Claims 1 or 2 in that the pressure piece (5) is formed as a disc which has a side facing the friction welding tool (11) on which the working surfaces (51) are circumferentially spaced from each other about a central axis (M) extending through a geometric center of the page are. Friction welding device according to the preceding claim, wherein the central axis (M) of the disc extends parallel to the axis of rotation (R) and spaced therefrom in the radial direction, and the counter-holder (4) has a drive unit which is designed to rotate the disk in the circumferential direction about the central axis (M) by a predetermined angle. Friction welding device according to one of Claims 1 or 2 wherein the pressure piece (5) is formed as a cube having a rotating shaft (54) protruding from two opposite sides of the cube and wherein at least two of the remaining four sides each having a working surface (51). Friction welding device according to one of Claims 1 or 2 , wherein the pressure piece (5) is formed as a cube having on at least two of its sides in each case a working surface (51) and on a respective working surface (51) opposite side a support surface (52). Friction welding method with a friction welding device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pressure surface (53) of the pressure piece (5) is checked for surface damage, and the pressure piece (5) is rotated during a surface damage determined during the checking until the working surface (51) which determines the pressure surface (53) is replaced by another working surface (51) of the pressure piece (5) which has no surface damage , Friction welding after Claim 8 wherein the pressure piece (5) is ejected from the pressure piece receiving means (42) in a pressure piece collecting container and is rotated after ejection in the event of a surface damage detected during the checking. Repair method of a friction welding apparatus according to any one of the preceding Claims 1 to 7 wherein the pressure surface (53) of the pressure piece (5) is checked for surface damage, the pressure piece (5) is removed from the pressure piece receptacle (42) during a surface damage ascertained during the checking, the pressure piece (5) is pulverized into a powder, the powder is pressed to a new pressure piece (5) and the new pressure piece (5) in the pressure piece receptacle (42) is inserted.

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