DE102018005258B4 - Tandem charge for a missile and anti-shock cap for a main charge of a tandem charge - Google Patents

Abstract

Tandem charge (1) for a missile, with: a summons (2), in particular pre-shaped charge; a main charge (3), which has a shell (4) with a tip (5) aligned with the summons (2); anda cap (6) placed on the tip (5), which is designed to deflect shock waves occurring when the subpoena (2) detonates, the cap (6) having a different material to the casing (4) and being designed in such a way, that it shatters when deflecting a shock wave generated by the detonation of the subpoena (2), so that the tip (5) of the casing (4) is exposed.

Description

The present invention relates to a tandem charge for a missile and a shock-resistant cap for a main charge of such a tandem charge.

So-called tandem charges contain a subpoena and a main charge, which is used to combat hard target structures such as bunkers or the like. The preliminary charge, which is usually provided as a preliminary hollow charge, first creates a deep crater in the target material, into which the main charge penetrates. This “pre-drilling” using the pre-shaped charge significantly increases the effective power of the main charge on the one hand and reduces the risk of the target slipping off the target at oblique impact angles (“ricochet” effect) on the other. Such a pre-shaped charge is designed to be correspondingly large.

The DE 36 03 610 C1 describes a tandem shaped charge. A fixed protective hood made of steel is proposed here between a preliminary hollow charge and a main hollow charge, which completely surrounds the main hollow charge and thus provides free space for the formation of spikes on the one hand and protection against vapors and fragments as well as the shock wave in the event of detonation of the hollow charge on the other hand.

More tandem loads are in the U.S. 5,003,883A , U.S. 5,107,766 A as well as in the FR 2 683 034 A1 described.

With this in mind, it is an object of the present invention to provide improved tandem charging to reduce stress on components located within the envelope without impairing the effectiveness of the main charge.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a tandem charge for a missile having the features of patent claim 1 and/or by a shock-resistant cap for a main charge of a tandem charge having the features of patent claim 9.

Accordingly, a tandem charge for a missile is provided. The tandem charge includes a subcharge, in particular a preshaped charge, and a main charge, which has a shell with a tip aligned with the subcharge. In addition, a cap placed on the tip is provided, which is designed to deflect shock waves produced when the subpoena detonates.

In addition, a shock-resistant cap is provided for a main charge of a tandem charge, in particular a tandem charge according to the invention. The cap includes a first side having a recess adapted to receive a tip of a main charge envelope and a second side having a pointed end for deflecting shock waves.

According to the invention, the cap has a different material to the shell. Different materials usually have different shock wave impedances. This is especially true for materials with different densities, since the shock wave impedance depends significantly on the density of a material, among other things. At material transitions, seams or the like, at which there is a density jump in the case of different materials, there are also impedance jumps. Such jumps in impedance lead to partial transmission and partial reflection of the shock wave. A suitably skilful choice of material for the cap with the greatest possible impedance difference of the cap compared to the shell, in particular with a higher density and shock wave impedance than the tip, can therefore additionally reduce the shock wave transmission into the shell.

According to the invention, the cap is also designed in such a way that it ruptures upon deflection of a shock wave resulting from the detonation of the subpoena, so that the tip of the casing is exposed. This can be realized, for example, by using a brittle material and/or one or more predetermined breaking points of the material. Thus, after deflecting the shock wave, the tip of the sheath is released. In the case of a penetrator shell in particular, this is particularly advantageous, since the penetration performance, which per se is greatly increased by means of the subpoena, is therefore not impaired by the cap.

The idea on which the present invention is based is to provide the tip of a casing of a main charge with an additional shock-resistant cap. In this way, the properties of the tip can be freely modified without having to take account of the boundary conditions that apply to the design of the tip. In particular, a shape or geometry and a choice of material for the cap can be selected in an optimized manner for shock deflection. In this way, coupling of the shock wave into the envelope is effectively reduced. Thus, a load on components of the main charge that are arranged inside the casing, in particular a safety device and/or an ignition system that is usually arranged on a rear side, as well as mechanical components such as threads and the like, greatly reduced.

The main charge can have a wide variety of configurations. In particular, the present invention can be used both for main hollow charges with a protective hood or sleeve and for penetrator main charges with a penetrator sleeve. In this case, the cap is specially designed to accommodate the respective tip of a sleeve, in particular with a recess which corresponds to the negative shape of the tip.

The solution according to the invention of a cap applied to the tip of the shell of the main charge advantageously requires only a small space and does not require any modification of the main charge itself. The main charge is thus advantageously not subject to any restrictions on the performance side and in terms of functionality.

In addition, according to the invention, it is also possible to retrofit the cap according to the invention to existing tandem charges. In an existing system, this only needs to be placed on the tip of the casing of the main charge, which is made possible in a simple manner by the small installation space and without the need for other changes. Of course, a suitable attachment of the cap can be provided as required.

Advantageous refinements and developments result from the further dependent claims and from the description with reference to the figures.

According to a development, the main charge is designed as a penetrator charge and the shell is provided as a penetrator shell with a tip shaped accordingly as a penetrator tip. Since the penetration performance of a penetrator essentially depends on the shape of the penetrator tip, this can generally not be subjected to any geometric changes to deflect shocks. This can be counteracted with the solution according to the invention in that the penetrator tip remains unchanged and the cap nevertheless enables optimized shock deflection when the subpoena detonates. This ensures that the shock wave can only reach the envelope to a greatly reduced extent.

According to one embodiment, the tip is bi-conical, with the cap covering at least one front cone of the tip. In particular, the cap is designed in two parts with an inner and an outer cap, the front cone being covered with the inner cap and the rear cone together with the inner cap being covered with the outer cap. In this way, a cap that is specially designed for biconical penetrator tips and is nevertheless easy to manufacture and apply is advantageously provided. If required, different materials can also be provided for the inner and outer caps, in particular a plastic for the inner cap and copper or a heavy metal, for example tungsten heavy metal, for the outer cap in order to achieve additional reflection of the shock wave at the material transition.

According to one embodiment, the cap has a pointed end with a shape that tapers at a more acute angle compared to an angle of the tip. In this way, a significantly smaller part of an incident shock wave, in particular corresponding to the product of the incident shock wave with the sine of the impact angle, is transmitted into the envelope than with a more obtuse angle, the sine of which would be significantly larger. The rest of the shock wave that is not transmitted into the shell then slides along the cap or the shell without transmission.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the cap contains a heavy metal. In particular, it can be a tungsten heavy metal. In this way, a high density and thus a shock wave impedance that is high in comparison to the generally metallic shell is provided, which advantageously creates an impedance jump at the material transition and thus contributes to reducing the transmission of a shock wave into the shell.

According to a development, the cap has a multi-layer structure made from materials with different shock wave impedances. In this way, the effect of only partial transmission and partial reflection at material transitions can already be used multiple times within the cap, so that an additional reduction in the transmission of a shock wave into the shell is made possible.

According to a development, the multi-layer structure contains at least one plastic layer and at least one metal layer, in particular a copper or heavy metal layer. Because of the large difference in density, there is a high impedance difference between the plastic layer and the metal layer. Compared to plastic, copper already has a relatively high impedance (density of 8.9 g/cm ³ ). In the case of a heavy metal, however, this difference can be significantly increased, for example by using tungsten heavy metal (density of up to approx. 18 g/cm ³ ). This increases the impedance difference and thus the degree of reflection.

According to a development, the cap contains a sintered material, in particular sintered heavy metal. This can be provided both in the case of a solid cap and in the case of a multi-layer structure of the cap. This is preferably tungsten heavy metal, which is designed to be so brittle that it is broken up when a load occurs when the shock wave is deflected. In this regard, the material properties can be adjusted in the sintering process. For example, in the case of tungsten heavy metal, the material can be made brittle in a targeted manner by adjusting the sintering matrix proportions and sintering durations. For this purpose, for example, the proportions of the tungsten material can be more than 90%, in particular in a range from 90% to 98%, and only the remainder can be provided as a matrix, for example containing nickel and/or iron. For example, suitable sintering times may range from 4 to 8 hours. Depending on the other conditions used, such as pressure and temperature, deviations are of course possible.

According to an embodiment of the shock-resistant cap, the indentation is tapered according to a shape of the tip, wherein the pointed end of the second side tapers at an acute angle compared to the indentation. Thus, by means of the cap, a geometry that tapers more acutely in comparison to the tip of the sleeve is provided, so that a portion of the shock wave transmitted into the sleeve is already reduced purely by the geometric configuration of the cap.

According to one embodiment, the cap contains a heavy metal. In particular, it can be a tungsten heavy metal. A high shock wave impedance of the cap, which differs from the material of the tip, is thus advantageously provided. Alternatively or additionally, the cap has a multi-layer structure made from materials with different shock wave impedances. Plastics, for example, can be considered as the material with low shock wave impedance, and copper or heavy metals, in particular heavy tungsten metal, can be considered as material with high shock wave impedance. In this way, a large number of impedance jumps are provided within the cap, with the reflected portion of the shock wave increasing and the portion transmitted into the cover advantageously further reducing.
According to an advantageous embodiment, the cap is designed in such a way that it breaks when a shock wave that occurs when a summons is detonated is rejected. Advantageously, the tip of a sleeve, particularly in the case of a penetrator sleeve, can thus be released after rejection. Optimum penetrator performance is thus advantageously ensured.

According to a further development, the cap contains a sintered material which is designed to be so brittle that it is broken up when a load occurs when the shock wave is deflected. In the case of sintered materials, the material properties can advantageously be adjusted in the sintering process. In particular, it can be a sintered heavy metal, preferably tungsten heavy metal. The material can thus advantageously be made brittle in a targeted manner by adjusting the sintering matrix proportions and sintering durations. Furthermore, a high density and thus a high shock wave impedance is thus provided.

The above configurations and developments can be combined with one another as desired, insofar as this makes sense. In particular, all the features of a tandem charge according to the invention that relate to the cap can be transferred to a shock-resistant cap, and vice versa. Further possible configurations, developments and implementations of the invention also include combinations of features of the invention described above or below with regard to the exemplary embodiments that are not explicitly mentioned. In particular, the person skilled in the art will also add individual aspects as improvements or additions to the respective basic form of the present invention.

• 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Tandemladung;
• 2 eine schematische Einzeldarstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen schockabweisenden Kappe;
• 3 eine beispielhafte Penetrator-Tandem-Ladung ohne Kappe;
• 4 eine schematische Darstellung der Transmission von Schockwellen in die Hülle bei Detonation der Vorhohlladung.
• 5 eine schematische Darstellung eines Abschnitts einer Hauptladung gemäß einer Ausführungsform;
• 6 eine Detaildarstellung von durch die Kappe erzielten geometrischen Maßnahmen zur Schockabweisung;
• 7 eine schematische Darstellung eines Abschnitts einer Hauptladung gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform;
• 8 ein Diagramm des Schockwellendruckverlaufs über der Partikelgeschwindigkeit für unterschiedliche Werkstoffe;
• 9 eine Abwandlung der Ausführungsform nach 5; und
• 10 eine schematische Darstellung eines Abschnitts einer Hauptladung gemäß einer noch weiteren Ausführungsform.

The present invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments given in the schematic figures. They show:

• 1 a schematic representation of a tandem charge according to the invention;
• 2 a schematic individual representation of a shock-resistant cap according to the invention;
• 3 an example uncapped penetrator tandem charge;
• 4 a schematic representation of the transmission of shock waves into the shell upon detonation of the pre-shaped charge.
• 5 a schematic representation of a portion of a main charge according to an embodiment;
• 6 a detailed representation of achieved by the cap geometric measures for shock absorption;
• 7 a schematic representation of a portion of a main charge according to a further embodiment;
• 8th a diagram of the shock wave pressure curve over the particle speed for different materials;
• 9 a modification of the embodiment 5 ; and
• 10 12 is a schematic representation of a portion of a main charge according to yet another embodiment.

The accompanying figures are intended to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention. They illustrate embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain principles and concepts of the invention. Other embodiments and many of the foregoing advantages will become apparent by reference to the drawings. The elements of the drawings are not necessarily shown to scale with respect to one another.

In the figures of the drawing, elements, features and components that are the same in function and have the same effect are provided with the same reference symbols unless otherwise stated.

1 shows a schematic representation of a tandem charge according to the invention 1.

It is a tandem charge 1 for a missile. A missile 10 is only shown symbolically in sections here and can be implemented in a variety of ways. For example, it can be a guided missile of the most varied type.

The tandem charge 1 has a precharge 2 and a main charge 3. The subpoena 2 shown only schematically is in particular a pre-charge, although other types of subpoena are also conceivable. The main charge 3 shown only partially and schematically can be, for example, a main hollow charge or a penetrator main charge, although other types of main charge are also conceivable.

The main charge 3 has a shell 4 with a tip 5 aligned with the summons 2 . A cap 6 is placed on the tip 5, which is designed to deflect shock waves that occur when the subpoena 2 detonates.

2 shows a schematic individual representation of a shock-resistant cap 6 according to the invention.

It is a shock-resistant cap 6 for a main charge 3 according to a tandem charge 1 1 . The cap 6 has a first side which is formed with a recess 8 for receiving a tip 5 of a casing 4 of a main charge 3 . On a second side, the cap 6 has a pointed end 7 to deflect shock waves.

The cap 6 is used to reduce the transmission of shock waves generated when the subpoena 2 is detonated into the shell 4 of the main charge 3. In this way, the shock waves are transmitted into the shell 4 to a significantly lesser extent. A load on components arranged within the casing 4, in particular a safety device and/or an ignition system and mechanical components such as threads or the like of the main charge 3, is thus greatly reduced.

To deflect shock waves, different configurations of the cap 6 can be provided, in particular different geometric configurations and different material configurations 5 until 10 will be dealt with in more detail.

3 shows an example penetrator tandem charge 100.

Purely by way of example, the mechanism of action of shock waves upon detonation of a subpoena 2 is explained on the basis of this tandem penetrator charge 100 . The penetrator tandem charge 100 shown here is designed without the cap 4 according to the invention. A penetrator tip 105 is comparatively blunt, since this is necessary for optimal penetration performance. A penetrator sleeve 104 extends from the tip to a rear closure thread 106, in which a closure 109 with a safety device SE and an ignition system ZS are installed. A compression element 101 for compressing the explosive is also provided between the closure 109 and the explosive of the penetrator charge 103 .

The pre-shaped charge 102 in this example is designed in a conventional manner with a shaped charge cone 110 and explosives and ignition system 108 arranged behind it, as is known per se to the person skilled in the art and does not require any further explanation.

4 shows a schematic representation of the transmission of shock waves 107 into the envelope upon detonation of the pre-shaped charge 102.

As a side effect, the detonation of the preliminary hollow charge 102 couples shock waves 107 into the penetrator shell 104 via the air. This Shock waves 107 travel further to the rear in the penetrator casing 104, are reflected there and hit the thread 106 and the closure 109 or the safety device SE and the ignition system ZS several times.

The nose shape of the shell 4, which includes the tip 5, greatly affects the shock wave transmission into the shell material. The more pointed the nose shape is, i. H. the more acute the angle of the tip 5 tapers, the smaller the shock wave amplitudes reach the shell material. However, the nose shape also significantly influences the penetration ability of a penetrator main charge 103, so that the shape of the tip 5 can hardly be changed, at least for penetrator main charges.

5 shows a schematic representation of a section of a main charge 3 according to an embodiment.

The conflicting objectives of the nose shape of the main charge 3 can be resolved with the cap 6 according to the invention. The cap 6 enables shock wave damping measures in a new way, which can include both geometric measures and measures in the combination of materials.

In the illustrated embodiment, therefore, a cap 6 applied to the tip 5 of the envelope 4 of the main charge 3 is provided, which cap 6 deflects the shock waves from the envelope 4 to a large extent. This solution according to the invention of a tandem charge or a shock-resistant cap 6 is not limited to penetrator main charges, but can be used for many different types of main charges 3, for example also for main hollow charges with a protective cover.

6 shows a detailed depiction of the geometric measures achieved by the cap 6 for shock absorption.

The cap 6 has a pointed end 7 with a shape that tapers at a more acute angle β compared to an angle α of the tip 5 of the sleeve 4 . Due to the shock waves S0 striking the tip 5 at an angle, only part of the incident shock wave is transmitted into the envelope 4 . The transmitted portion corresponds to the sine of the angle of incidence. While with the original blunt tip 5 a comparatively high proportion Sα=S0*sinα is transmitted through the sleeve 4, this proportion is significantly reduced to Sβ=S0*sinβ due to the more acute angle β (and smaller sinβ) with the cap 6. The rest SR
(SR = S0 - Sβ), which makes up the main part of the original shock wave, now slides off the more pointed geometry. The smaller/more acute outer cap angle β is therefore beneficial for deflecting shock waves.

On the other side of the cap 6, as already in relation to 2 explained and in 5 drawn, a depression 8, which is designed to taper conically in accordance with the shape of the tip 5. The pointed end 7 of the cap 6 runs at an angle β that is more acute than the depression 8 .

An example is in 5 and 6 outlines a bi-conical tip 5 of the sheath 4, with the cap 6 covering only the first anterior cone 9A, leaving the second posterior cone 9B uncovered. In further embodiments, however, other shapes of the tip 5 and the cap 6 are also conceivable, with the cap 6 always producing a more acute angle.

7 shows a schematic representation of a section of a main charge 3 according to a further embodiment.

In this embodiment, the tip 5 is also bi-conical. The cap 6 is formed here in two parts, however, and has an inner cap 6A and an outer cap 6B. The front cone 9A of the tip 5 is the same here as in FIG 6 covered with the inner cap 6A. In addition, however, the rear cone 9B together with the inner cap 6A is also covered here with the outer cap 6B. In this way, an even more acute angle γ is provided overall and thus an even smaller proportion of the shock wave is transmitted into the shell 4 .

In addition, further forms of the tip 5 and further forms of the cap 6, in particular adapted to different types of tips of a penetrator or a different type of main charge 3, are conceivable.

$$\text{Us}=\text{c}+\text{up}$$

ρ = Materialdichte, Us = Schockwellengeschwindigkeit, c = Schallgeschwindigkeit, up = PartikelgeschwindigkeitAs an option or in addition to the shape of the cap 6, a shock wave deflection can also be achieved by skillfully selecting the material of the cap 6. Every material has an intrinsic shock wave impedance, which is derived as follows: $$\text{I}=\mathrm{\rho \ast }\text{us}$$

$$\text{us}=\text{c}+\text{up}$$

ρ = material density, Us = shock wave velocity, c = sound velocity, up = particle velocity

This results in a shock wave pressure p of: $$\text{p}=\text{l*up}$$

At material transitions or seams of different materials, there are jumps in density and thus also jumps in impedance, which leads to partial shock wave transmissions and reflections. By selecting a material with high impedance jumps, the shock wave transmission into the shell 4 can thus be further reduced, optionally or in addition to geometric measures.

The cap 6 is therefore preferably made of a material that is different from the shell 4 . In particular, the cap can comprise a material with a higher density and a higher shock wave impedance. For example, the cap 6 can contain copper or a heavy metal.

Copper already has a relatively high impedance (density, shock wave impedance I = ρUs) and was therefore given here as an example. However, tungsten heavy metal (WSM), for example, proves to be even more advantageous. On the one hand, tungsten heavy metals have much higher densities of up to approx. 18 g/cm ³ than copper (density of 8.9 g/cm ³ ). On the other hand, they have another advantage, which is that tungsten heavy metal is produced by sintering. Material properties can be adjusted through the sintering process, which can be adapted to a large extent to the required conditions.

The cap 6 can therefore advantageously be designed in such a way that it breaks when a shock wave produced when the subpoena 2 is detonated is rejected, so that the tip 5 of the casing 4 is exposed. This avoids compromising the penetration performance of a penetrator charge. This can be set, for example, if the cap 6 contains a sintered material, in particular sintered heavy metal, preferably tungsten heavy metal, which is designed to be so brittle that it is broken up when a load occurs when the shock wave is deflected. In the case of tungsten heavy metal, for example, the material can be made brittle in a targeted manner by adjusting the sintering matrix proportions, in particular 90-98% tungsten in a matrix containing nickel, iron, etc. and the sintering durations, in particular 4-8 hours. Thus, on the one hand, after the detonation of the subpoena 2, a large part of the shock wave caused thereby is rejected and reflected at the pointed cap 6, and the cap 6 is then broken up into small particles. Particularly in the case of a penetrator main charge 103, penetration into a target is therefore not affected.

Composite or alternating combinations of materials are also possible.

8th shows a diagram of the shock wave pressure curve p over the particle velocity up for different material combinations.

The shell 4 is assumed to be metal M, for which a metal curve M based on the impedance of metal is drawn. The cap 6 is assumed to be heavy metal SM, for which a heavy metal curve SM based on the impedance is also drawn in. A material curve for plastic K is also drawn in for the case of any material combinations.

An air shock wave hitting the material always has the same shock wave pressure and the same particle velocity as the material at the point of impact, so that there is a hypothetical or actual intersection with the reflected air shock wave L' with every material curve.

First, a reference shock wave pressure p-reference is drawn into the metal curve M, which represents direct coupling of the air shock wave into the envelope 4 or its tip 5, as is the case, for example, with 4 without cap 6 would be the case.

In the case of material combinations, the transitions must also be taken into account, which are each represented by a reflection of the material curve marked with an apostrophe (') into which the shock wave couples, up to an intersection with the material curve of the material following a transition.

1. 1) Eine Kappe aus Schwermetall SM auf einer Spitze aus Metall M
2. 2) Eine Kappe aus Schwermetall (SM) auf einer Spitze aus Metall (M) mit dazwischen angeordneter Kunststoffschicht (K)

Two material combinations are shown in the figure as an example:

1. 1) A heavy metal SM cap on a metal M tip
2. 2) A heavy metal (SM) cap on a metal (M) tip with a plastic layer (K) in between

Example 1) can be traced using the impedance jumps with the intersection points a -> b (SM' -> M). This results in a lower pressure p(1) coupled into the metal M at point b compared to the reference pressure p-reference.

The second example 2) with the additional plastic layer K results analogously to A -> B -> C (SM'->K'-> M) with a pressure p(2) applied to the metal, which in comparison with p( 1) still low er fails. The larger impedance jumps at the material transitions were used, here in particular the transitions A -> B between heavy metal SM and plastic K.

9 12 shows a modification of the embodiment 5 .

A possible configuration for example 2) is shown here merely as an example, in which the inner cap 6A is made of plastic and the outer cap 6B is made of heavy metal.

10 12 shows a schematic representation of a portion of a main charge according to yet another embodiment.

The cap 6 has a multi-layer structure made from materials A, B with different shock wave impedances. For example, the multi-layer structure in material A also contains at least one plastic layer K and in material B at least one metal layer, in particular a copper or heavy metal layer SM.

In the illustrated embodiment, the individual layers are each applied in a cone-like manner, starting from the front cone shape 9A of the tip 5 . Overall, this results in a comparison to 5 and 6 same outer geometry of the cap 6. However, this is to be understood purely as an example. Of course, a different geometry of the cap 6 could also be implemented with a multi-layer structure. In particular, the inner and / or the outer cap 6A, 6B according to 9 be formed with such a multi-layer structure.

Although the present invention has been fully described above on the basis of preferred exemplary embodiments, it is not restricted to them, but rather can be modified in a variety of ways.

In particular, the shape of the tip 5 of the sleeve 4 and accordingly also the shape of the recess 8 of the cap 6 is not limited to the illustrated embodiments. For example, instead of a cone shape or bi-cone shape of the tip 5, the invention can also provide a rounded tip 4 and a correspondingly shaped recess 8.

Reference List

1

tandem load

2

subpoena

3

main charge

4

Covering

5

Top

6

cap

7

pointed end

8th

deepening

9A, 9B

cone

10

missile

100

Penetrator tandem charge

101

compression element

102

pre-charge

103

explosive charge

104

penetrator shell

105

penetrator tip

106

locking thread

107

shock waves

108

ignition system

109

closure

110

shaped charge cone

α, β, γ

angle

AWAY

materials

K

plastic curve

L'

Reflected air shockwave

M

metal curve

p

shock wave pressure

SM

heavy metal curve

oops

particle speed

Claims (13)

Tandem charge (1) for a missile, with: a summons (2), in particular pre-shaped charge; a main charge (3) having a shell (4) with a tip (5) aligned with the pre-charge (2); and a cap (6) placed on the tip (5), which is designed to deflect shock waves produced when the subpoena (2) detonates, the cap (6) having a different material to the shell (4) and being designed in such a way, that it shatters when deflecting a shock wave generated by the detonation of the subpoena (2), so that the tip (5) of the casing (4) is exposed. tandem charge after claim 1 , wherein the main charge (3) is designed as a penetrator charge (103) and the shell (4) is provided as a penetrator shell (104) with a tip (5) shaped accordingly as a penetrator tip (105). tandem charge after claim 2 , The tip (5) being bi-conical and the cap (6) covering at least one front cone (9A) of the tip (5), in particular in two parts with an inner and an outer cap (6A, 6B) and the front cone (9A) with the inner cap (6A) and the rear cone (9B) together with the inner cap (6A) with the outer cap (6B). Tandem charge after one of Claims 1 until 3 , wherein the cap (6) has a pointed end (7) with a compared to an angle (α) of the tip (5) at a more acute angle (β) tapering shape. A tandem charge according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cap (6) comprises a different material from the shell (4) having a higher density and higher shock wave impedance. tandem charge after claim 5 , wherein the cap (6) contains a heavy metal. tandem charge after claim 1 , wherein the cap (6) contains a sintered material which is designed to be so brittle that it is broken up when a load occurs when the shock wave is deflected. tandem charge after claim 7 , wherein the sintered material contains a sintered heavy metal, preferably tungsten heavy metal. Shock-resistant cap (6) for a main charge (3) of a tandem charge (1), in particular a tandem charge (1) according to one of the preceding claims, with: a first side having a recess (8) adapted to receive a tip (5) of a casing (4) of a main charge (3); and a second side, which has a pointed end (7) for deflecting shock waves, the cap (6) being designed in such a way that it breaks when deflecting a shock wave resulting from the detonation of a subpoena (2), so that the tip (5) the shell (4) is exposed. cap after claim 9 wherein the indentation (8) is tapered in accordance with a shape of the tip (5) and the pointed end (7) of the second side is tapered at an acute angle (β) compared to the indentation (8). cap after claim 9 or 10 , where the cap contains a heavy metal. cap after claim 9 , wherein the cap (6) contains a sintered material which is designed to be so brittle that it is broken up when a load occurs when the shock wave is deflected. cap after claim 12 , wherein the sintered material contains a sintered heavy metal, preferably tungsten heavy metal.

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