DE102017123202B4 - Switchgear with a hinged armature magnet system - Google Patents

Abstract

A switching device comprising a hinged armature magnet system (10), a magnetic yoke (31) comprising a yoke base (35) and a yoke leg (36), a magnetic core (32) connected to the yoke base (35), and a magnet core (32) Spool (33), with a tiltable about an in the region of a free end of the yoke leg (36) tiltable hinged armature (34), wherein the bearing a Jochpolfläche and a first tilting edge (41) on the magnetic core (32) facing away from the yoke leg (36), characterized in that the bearing point comprises an additional air gap (38) formed between the Jochpolfläche and the hinged armature (34), with the hinged armature (34) between the first tilting edge (41) and the magnetic core (32) facing side of the yoke leg (36) is that a second tilting edge (42) on the magnetic core (32) facing side of the yoke leg (36) is formed, so that the Jochpolfläche between the first and the two tipping edge (41, 42) is located, and that the tilting axis (D1) of the hinged armature (34) moves during its tilting movement from a first axis position, which is located in the region of the first tilting edge (41) to a second axis position, the is in the region of the second tilting edge (42).

Description

The invention relates to a switching device with a hinged armature magnet system, comprising a yoke base and a yoke leg magnetic yoke, connected to the yoke base magnetic core and arranged on the magnetic core coil, with a formed in the region of a free end of the yoke leg bearing tiltable hinged armature, wherein the bearing point comprises a Jochpolfläche and a first tilting edge on the side remote from the magnetic core of the yoke leg, according to the preamble of claim 1

Such a switching device is for example a circuit breaker, a motor protection switch, a contactor or the like. The DE 10 2013 017 381 A1 shows a circuit breaker in which a contact pressure spring presses the movable contact lever against the fixed contact piece, the point of application of the contact pressure spring on the movable contact lever is fixed. To open the contact point, the contact pressure force must be overcome by means of an actuating force. So shows the DE 37 37 539 C2 a motor protection switch with a contact bridge, on which a contact spring acts to close the contact points, wherein also here to open the contact points of an actuating device, a force must be applied, which is greater than the contact pressure force.

In known switching devices, a contact force is generally built up via an actuating device during actuation, which from a value 0 in open contacts to a predetermined by the design of the contact pressure spring value X rises when the contact point is closed. For this purpose, an actuating force is generally required, which is greater than the contact force generated. In particular, in switching devices with electrical actuation such as a contactor or relay, the design and dimensioning of the magnetic drive is determined by the amount of actuation force.

The DE 10 2015 117 324 A1 shows a switching device in which the contact system can be driven with an actuating force that is smaller than the contact force to be generated. The switching device here has an actuatable by means of an actuating force and coupled to the contact point switching mechanism which generates the contact force. Already during assembly of the device while an impressed force, namely acting on the contact lever, the moving force generated, which is then merely moved or rotated during actuation. The actuating force now only has to apply the force required to displace the point of application of the impressed force, and this force is substantially lower than the contact force.

As electromagnetic actuator magnet systems are used with a fixed core, a yoke, a movable armature and a magnetic coil. A switching device of the type mentioned has a so-called hinged armature magnet system with a tiltable about a formed in the region of a free end of the yoke leg bearing hinged armature, wherein the bearing comprises a Jochpolfläche and a first tilting edge on the side facing away from the magnetic core of the yoke leg. When switched on, the inrush current flows through the coil, causing it to generate a magnetic field that magnetizes the core and armature, so that the armature is attracted to the core, thereby folding around the tipping edge at the bearing point. According to the known state of the art, this magnet system must be oversized with respect to its maximum magnetic force to be generated, since the force of the magnet system increases approximately exponentially during the tightening process and must be sufficiently large when the armature position is open in order to accelerate and move the mechanism sufficiently well. This oversizing requires installation space within the device and requires an unnecessary oversized large electrical holding power that must be supplied to the switching device when switching.

The WO 94/13003 A1 shows a switching device with a hinged armature magnet system, with a yoke base and a yoke leg comprising magnetic yoke, connected to the yoke base magnetic core and arranged on the magnetic core coil, with a tiltable over a formed in the region of a free end of the yoke leg bearing hinged armature the bearing comprises a Jochpolfläche and a tilting edge with respect to the yoke leg, and wherein the bearing comprises an air gap formed between the Jochpolfläche and the hinged armature.

The DE 27 10 869 A1 shows an adjustable electrical relay, consisting of a permanent magnetic circuit with soft magnetic shunt and pole pieces, excitation coils and a spring force, magnetically applied to the pole pieces anchor as a switching lifting device, and an actuator. The spring is arranged with its one end near the cutting edge of the armature and with its other end to a lever arm formed from the armature such that spring axis and armature axis in the idle state of the relay a small angle and in the working state of the relay form a large angle and the force component caused on the armature as a torque by this spring is small in the pretensioned rest state and large in the partially relaxed working state.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a switching device of the type mentioned, the hinged armature magnet system can be made smaller and requires less electrical holding power.

The object is achieved with a switching device of the type mentioned with the characterizing features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention are formulated in the dependent claims.

According to the invention, the bearing point comprises an additional air gap formed between the yoke pole surface and the hinged armature which, with the hinged armature open, is located between the first tilting edge and the side of the yoke leg facing the magnetic core, and a second tilting edge is formed on the side of the yoke leg facing the magnetic core the yoke pole surface is located between the first and the second tilting edge, and the tilting axis of the hinged armature shifts during a tilting movement from a first axis position, which is in the region of the first tilting edge, to a second axis position, which is in the region of the second tilting edge ,

By this design according to the invention, the problem of oversizing can be solved because the change of the tilt axis has two major influences on the magnetic force. On the one hand, the force of the magnet system changes due to the change of the lever arms of the armature. On the other hand, the additional air gap at the beginning of the armature movement, with the hinged armature open, smaller, the moment and the resulting force thus greater. During the closing operation of the hinged armature whose tilt axis shifts to the other side of the additional air gap. Thus, the moments of the main air gap, which is indeed formed between the pole face of the core and the hinged armature, and the additional air gap from this point in opposite directions. The resulting force on the hinged armature is thereby smaller. In addition to the positive effect during the switch-on of the contactor, the reduction of the force of the magnet system with low opening angle of the armature supports the return springs during the switch-off. Thus, both the tightening and the waste operation of the contactor can be improved simultaneously by the inventive design.

By shifting the position of the tilt axis of the hinged armature, the magnetic force-displacement characteristic of the hinged armature magnet system is adapted to the spring force-displacement characteristic of the switching device. A previously excessive force at a smaller opening angle is made available to the hinged armature magnet system at a larger opening angle again. As a result, the dimensioning of the hinged armature magnet system can be reduced and thus material and space can be reduced.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the pole face of the magnetic core seen in the tilting direction of the hinged armature is lower than the Jochpolfläche.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the first tilting edge is lower with respect to the yoke base than the second tilting edge.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the first tilting edge is located lower relative to the yoke base than the pole face of the magnetic core.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the second tilting edge is higher relative to the yoke base than the pole face of the magnetic core.

The invention as well as further embodiments and further advantages will be described in more detail in the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the figures.

• 1 schematisch den Aufbau eines erfindungsgemäßen Schaltgerätes mit Klappankersystem
• 2 exemplarisch die Kraft-Wege-Kennlinien bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Schaltgerät
• 3 schematisch und exemplarisch den Aufbau eines erfindungsgemäßen Klappankersystems, mit geöffnetem Klappanker,
• 4 schematisch und exemplarisch den Aufbau eines erfindungsgemäßen Klappankersystems, mit geschlossenem Klappanker,
• 5 schematisch und exemplarisch den Aufbau einer zweiten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Klappankersystems, mit geöffnetem Klappanker,
• 6 schematisch und exemplarisch den Aufbau einer zweiten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Klappankersystems, mit geschlossenem Klappanker,
• 7 schematisch und exemplarisch den Aufbau einer dritten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Klappankersystems, mit geöffnetem Klappanker,
• 8 schematisch und exemplarisch den Aufbau einer dritten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Klappankersystems, mit geschlossenem Klappanker,

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• 1 schematically the structure of a switching device according to the invention with hinged armature system
• 2 an example of the force-displacement characteristics in a switching device according to the invention
• 3 schematically and exemplarily the structure of a hinged armature system according to the invention, with an open hinged armature,
• 4 schematically and by way of example the structure of a hinged armature system according to the invention, with a closed hinged armature,
• 5 schematically and by way of example the structure of a second embodiment of a hinged armature system according to the invention, with an open hinged armature,
• 6 schematically and by way of example the construction of a second embodiment of a hinged armature system according to the invention, with closed hinged armature,
• 7 schematically and by way of example the construction of a third embodiment of a hinged armature system according to the invention, with an open hinged armature,
• 8th schematically and by way of example the construction of a third embodiment of a hinged armature system according to the invention, with a closed hinged armature,

1 shows schematically and exemplarily a view of a switching device 1 according to the present invention. An example is the switching device 1 for example, an installation contactor. Essential components of a contactor 1 are a magnetic actuator 10 , a contact system 2 with at least one, here in the example with two contact points 6 . 6 ' , a contact track 13 that between two connection points 14 . 14 ' via the contact system 2 So the contact points 6 . 6 ' runs and with the contact system 2 So at the contact points 6 . 6 ' , can be closed and opened, and a switching mechanism 11 , also as a switching mechanism 11 referred to by means of an actuating force B is pressed and the contact force K generated on the contact system 2 that is the contact point, 6 . 6 ' , to close and keep closed it is exercised.

The magnetic actuator 10 is designed as a hinged anchor system 30 , This includes a yoke 31 with a yoke bottom 35 and a yoke-thigh 36 , a core 32 made of ferroelectric material, usually an iron core, a hinged armature 34 , and a coil winding 33 with coil ends 12 . 12 ' , In the area of the free end of the yoke leg 36 is a storage location for the tiltable hinged anchor 34 educated. In the 1 the hinged armature is shown in the open position. Further details on the structure and function of the hinged armature system 30 are related below 3 and 4 described. Between the hinged anchor 34 and the pole surface 39 of the core 32 is the main air gap, also called working air gap 37 designated formed.

In a contactor 1 is connected between a load circuit, which is switched by the contactor, and a control circuit, which the coil 33 includes and thus causes the switching process, a distinction. The load circuit thus leads here between the two connection points 14 . 14 ' over the contact track 13 , The control circuit leads through the two coil connections 12 . 12 ' and the coil 33 , The control circuit is designed for lower voltages than the load circuit. For example, with a control voltage of 24V a load circuit can be switched, which is dimensioned for 400V.

The switching process of the contactor 1 is monostable. Therefore, a reset element 16 provided here in the form of a return spring 16 , arranged between the core 32 and the hinged anchor 34 provided, shown. The return spring 16 practices between the core 32 and the hinged anchor 34 a restoring force acting counter to the closing direction R out and ensures that the hinged anchor 34 is returned to its initial position after application of the control voltage after dropping the control voltage.

Each of the two contact points 6 . 6 ' is with a fixed contact piece 3 . 3 ' and a movable contact piece 4 . 4 ' educated. The fixed contact pieces 3 . 3 ' are on a fixed contact carrier 5 , The moving contact pieces 4 . 4 ' are located on a movable contact carrier 15 , here in connection with a double contact point shown as an example also as a contact bridge 15 designated. In dashed line is the contact bridge 15 shown in the open position, the two contact points 6 . 6 ' are opened. In solid line is the contact bridge 15 shown in the closed position, the two contact points 6 . 6 ' are closed. In order to keep the electrical contact resistance at a closed contact point low, it is necessary that the two contacts forming the contact point with sufficiently high contact force K pressed against each other.

Of course, the present invention would be practicable with a single contact point or other known embodiments of contact points.

The hinged anchor 34 is effective with the switching mechanism 11 connected, exemplified by a dashed line drawn active connection line 17 , The switching mechanism 11 is effective with the contact bridge 15 connected, exemplified by a dashed line drawn active connection line 18 , The switching mechanism ensures that, starting from the means of magnetic force M of the magnetic actuator 10 generated operating force B the contact force K arises. The switching mechanism 11 is to be understood as a functional module. It can be structurally designed as a separate mechanical or electromechanical or electronic assembly. But it can also be realized for example by a special embodiment of the magnet system geometry and thus not as an independent mechanical or electromechanical assembly.

Once to the coil terminals 12 . 12 ' a control voltage is applied, a magnetic field forms around the coil 33 , and the iron parts of the core 32 and the hinged anchor 34 Magnetize up, it creates the magnetic force M , with the result that core 32 and hinged anchor 34 to get dressed. Because the core 32 firmly fixed in the housing of the switching device, and the hinged armature 34 at one in the region of the free end of the yoke leg 36 formed storage site 40 tiltable, pivots the hinged armature 34 from the in the 1 shown opening position counterclockwise on the pole face 39 of the core 32 out, the line of action K1 following the tightening force. Due to the effective coupling with the switching mechanism 11 is also the contact bridge 15 in motion until the movable contact pieces 4 . 4 ' on the fixed contact pieces 3 . 3 ' meet and with the contact force K pressed against each other. The contact system 2 is here designed as a so-called normally-open contact, which with the switching on of the contactor, the application of the control voltage to the coil terminals 12 . 12 ' , closes the load circuit and reopens it with the contactor turning off.

The magnetic force M must be at least as large as the actuating force at any time during the closing process B , To ensure sufficient shock resistance, that is, to ensure that the contact system 2 even with operational vibration of the switching device 1 is still securely closed, is a moderate in strength as a so-called switching reserve S or as reserve reserve power S designated force component to provide. The magnetic force M must therefore be at least as large as the sum of the operating force B and the shift reserve S ,

In the 2 Force-travel curves are shown, merely by way of example and by way of example, the numerical values given are merely exemplary and to be understood as examples and in no way conclusive or restrictive. In 2 are the force-displacement characteristics of a hinged armature magnet system according to the prior art (reference numeral 20 ) and a hinged armature magnet system according to the invention (reference numeral 21 ) of the force-displacement characteristic of the contact force (reference numeral 23 ).

The switching state "on", in which the armature is fully tightened, is at 0 mm air gap, right on the abscissa in 2 , The switching state "off" is 2.1 mm air gap, left on the abscissa in 2 , The ordinate indicates the respective force N on. The steep increase in contact force at about 0.6 mm marks the closing of the contact points. The magnetic force counteracting contact force is shown negated here, so that a better comparison is possible.

The force-displacement characteristic 20 of a prior art magnet system increases approximately exponentially during the attracting operation of the armature. In the tightened state, at air gap 0 mm, it is much larger at about 11.5 N, as required to apply the contact force.

3 shows in an enlarged view schematically the essential components of the hinged armature system according to the invention 30 , The yoke 31 has a yoke floor 35 with which the core 32 connected, and a yoke-thigh 36 whose free end forms the yoke-pole and is bevelled, with the slope towards the core 32 goes up. The core facing the edge of the slope is thus higher with respect to the yoke bottom than the core 32 opposite edge of the slope.

3 shows the hinged armature system in the open state. The hinged anchor 34 is from the core 32 worked away. The tilt axis D1 of the hinged anchor 34 is located at the core 32 opposite edge 41 the slope, which therefore also as the first tilting edge 41 is designated.

At the magnetic core 32 facing side of the yoke leg 36 there is a second tilting edge 42 , see also 4 , Between the two tilting edges 41 . 42 the Jochpolfläche is formed as an inclined surface.

The first tilting edge 41 is based on the yoke base 35 deeper than the second tilting edge 42 , The second tilting edge 42 is based on the yoke base 35 about the same height as the pole surface 35 of the core 32 ,

Between the hinged anchor 34 and the core 32 is located as the working air gap designated air gap 37 , Between the hinged anchor 34 near the first tilting edge 41 and the yoke pole face at the free end of the yoke leg 36 there is a second, as additional air gap 38 designated air gap whose magnetically effective length is smaller than the magnetically effective length of the working air gap 37 whose area is smaller than the area of the working air gap 37 ,

If through the coil 33 a current flows, so arises in the working air gap 37 a tightening power K1 on the anchor 34 , In the additional air gap 38 creates an additional power K2 on the anchor 34 , Due to the position of the tilt axis D1 at the first tilting edge 41 at the core 32 opposite edge of the slope affects the additional power K2 reinforcing to the tightening force K1 , The magnetic force M Forms from the superimposition of additional power K2 and the tightening force K1 ,

In the 2 Therefore, in the first region of the anchor suit, up to approximately 0.8 mm, the magnetic force-displacement characteristic shown schematically 21 of the hinged armature magnet system according to the invention a little above the magnetic force-displacement curve 20 ,

After the hinged anchor 34 when wearing a small angular range counterclockwise in the direction of the core 32 is turned on, it is briefly parallel to the slope of the Jochpolfläche. In the exemplary and schematic representation of the force-displacement curves in 2 this is the case at about 0.8 mm. Upon further pivoting counterclockwise on the core 32 to shift the tilt axis D2 of the hinged anchor 34 on the second tilting edge 42 at the Core facing edge of the slope, see 4 , The tilt axis D2 shifts to the other side of the additional air gap 38 , The additional force K2 now affects the tightening force K1 opposite. Therefore, the magnetic force-displacement characteristic curve decreases 21 in the schematic representation 2 from about 0.8 mm to 0.7 mm initially. The magnetic force is significantly reduced here compared to a hinged armature system according to the prior art, curve 20 in 2 ,

Upon further pivoting in the counterclockwise direction in the closing direction of the additional air gap 38 greater, the additional power K2 therefore smaller again. At the same time the working air gap 37 getting smaller and tightening power K1 getting bigger. The magnetic force M as the sum of the two increases with further pivoting counterclockwise in the closed position neither easily, as in the schematic representation of 2 indicated in the range between 0.7 mm and 0 mm.

By shifting the position of the tilting axis of the hinged armature 34 from the position D1 at the first tilting edge 41 to the position D2 at the second tilting edge 42 the magnetic force-displacement curve of the hinged armature magnet system is adapted to the spring force-displacement characteristic of the switching device. A previously excessive force at a smaller opening angle is made available to the hinged armature magnet system at a larger opening angle again. As a result, the dimensioning of the hinged armature magnet system can be reduced and thus material and space can be reduced

A displacement of the tilt axis of the hinged armature can be brought about in a hinged armature magnet system in various ways. In the embodiment according to 3 and 4 The type shown is the first tilting edge 41 based on the yoke base 35 deeper than the pole surface 39 of the magnetic core 32 ,

The same effect can be achieved, for example, by pulling the front edge of the yoke leg upwards, see 7 and 8th , The second tilting edge 42b is based on the yoke base 35 higher than the pole surface 39 of the magnetic core 32 ,

In addition, this can also be achieved by the core 32 shorter than the yoke leg 36 , with horizontal yoke pole surface, see 5 and 6 , This is at low opening angle of the hinged armature 34 the tilting axis of the rear tilting edge 41a on the front tilting edge 42a of the yoke. As a result, the lever arm of the armature is shortened to the point of action of the mechanism.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

contactor

2

Contact system

3, 3 '

Fixed contact piece

4, 4 '

Movable contact piece

5

Fixed contact carrier

6, 6 '

contact point

10

Magnetic actuator, magnetic actuator

11

Switching mechanism, switching mechanism

12, 12 '

coil terminal

13

contact track

14, 14 '

junction

15

Mobile contact carrier, contact bridge

16

Return element, return spring

17

Operatively connected line

18

Operatively connected line

20

Force-displacement characteristic of a magnet system according to Std. D. technology

21

Force-displacement characteristic of a magnet system according to the invention

23

Force-displacement characteristic of the contact force

30

The clapper armature system

31

yoke

32

core

33

Kitchen sink

34

hinged armature

35

Yoke floor

36

Yoke-leg

37

Working air gap

38

Additional air gap

39

Pole face of the core

40

depository

41, 41a, 41b

First tilting edge

42, 42a, 42b

Second tilting edge

K1

attractive force

D1

Tilting axle in first position

D2

Tilting axle in second position

K2

additional force

B

operating force

M

magnetic force

R

Restoring force

K

contact force

Claims (5)

A switching device comprising a hinged armature magnet system (10), a magnetic yoke (31) comprising a yoke base (35) and a yoke leg (36), a magnetic core (32) connected to the yoke base (35), and a magnet core (32) Spool (33), with a tiltable about an in the region of a free end of the yoke leg (36) tiltable hinged armature (34), wherein the bearing a Jochpolfläche and a first tilting edge (41) on the magnetic core (32) facing away from the yoke leg (36), characterized in that the bearing point comprises an additional air gap (38) formed between the Jochpolfläche and the hinged armature (34), with the hinged armature (34) between the first tilting edge (41) and the magnetic core (32) facing side of the yoke leg (36) is that a second tilting edge (42) on the magnetic core (32) facing side of the yoke leg (36) is formed, so that the Jochpolfläche between the first and the two It is tilting edge (41, 42) is located, and that the tilting axis (D1) of the hinged armature (34) moves during its tilting movement from a first axis position, which is located in the region of the first tilting edge (41) to a second axis position, the is in the region of the second tilting edge (42). Switchgear after Claim 1 , characterized in that the pole face of the magnetic core (32) seen in the tilting direction of the hinged armature (34) is lower than the Jochpolfläche. Switchgear after Claim 1 , characterized in that the first tilting edge (41) with respect to the yoke base is lower than the second tilting edge (42). Switchgear after Claim 3 , characterized in that the first tilting edge (41) relative to the yoke base (35) is lower than the pole face (39) of the magnetic core (32). Switchgear after Claim 3 , characterized in that the second tilting edge (42c) relative to the yoke base is higher than the pole face (39) of the magnetic core (32).

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