DE102017116754B4 - Spoke based on high-performance fibers for a system impeller and system impeller - Google Patents

Abstract

Spoke based on braided high-performance fiber materials for a system impeller, with a hub (1) which is connected to a rim (4) by means of the spokes (2) via an end connection (3), the individual spokes (2) having a textile part, wherein the textile part of the spoke (2) is designed in the form of a limp textile made of braided parts (2.3) and wherein the spoke (2) can be tensioned by means of at least one tensioning element, characterized in that the cross section of the spoke (2) in is square in the non-tensioned, limp state and round in the tensioned state, or that the cross-section of the spoke (2) in the non-tensioned, limp state lies within a rectangular envelope line and in the tensioned state is oval and aerodynamically aligned in the impeller to reduce air resistance.

Description

The invention relates to a spoke based on high-performance fibers for a system impeller and a system impeller.

A conventional wheel of a bicycle or other means of transport with spoked wheels basically consists of a hub, which is connected to a rim by means of spokes via a fixation, preferably spoke nipples, with power transmission from the hub to the rim and from the rim to the hub by means of the spokes and fixation takes place. The spokes are generally made of steel, the fixation of steel, brass or aluminum.

From the pamphlet DE 10 2009 020 123 A1 discloses a device for connecting a hub to a rim on a wheel, the device consisting of a spoke and a nipple. An insertable adapter is provided between the spoke and the nipple. This solution has a complicated structural design and generates little rigidity in the impeller. To increase the stiffness, a double spoke is necessary, which increases the weight of a wheel.

A wheel with textile-based high-performance spokes is known from the Euroseil publication “High-performance ropes for textile spokes in wheels”, issue 4/2015. Aramid spokes (Technora T200) are described, with a diameter of 2.2 mm. The spokes are wrapped to a hub and connected at their first and second ends to the rim. The spoke is held in the rim via a spoke nipple, which has a hole for holding the cable, with the spoke penetrating the spoke nipple in the area of the hole in the form of an eye and then being provided with a splice.

The document WO 2003/020 535 A2 describes a spoke reinforced with carbon fibers for a bicycle wheel. The impeller consists of a hub and rim and has spokes with at least one reinforcing carbon fibre, the spoke being cut or sawed to the desired length. The spoke is connected at a first end to the hub and at a second end to the rim by fasteners.

From the pamphlet DE 40 36 340 A1 discloses a spoked wheel having a plurality of spokes, one end of which is attached to a flange of the wheel hub, two spokes being connected at their inner end to form an eyelet or U-shaped loop to form a unit, and the flange having a rim approximately axially parallel arranged bolts. The spokes are shaped to loop or loop around each bolt. However, the disclosed attachment of the spokes is only applicable to steel spokes.

In the pamphlet DE 10 2009 050 458 A1 describes a bicycle wheel made of a composite material with thermosetting and thermoplastic resin and a bicycle with such a wheel. The impeller has a rim which is connected via at least one spoke to a hub receiving element which is central to the rim, the rim, the spoke and the hub receiving element having reinforcing fibers embedded in a polymer matrix. The polymer matrix of the spoke has a thermoplastic material. According to the prior art, the spoke is guided around the axle mount of the hub.

The object of the invention is to develop a spoke based on high-performance fibers for a system wheel and a system wheel, in particular for bicycles or other means of transport with spoked wheels, which has a simple structural design with high rigidity and at the same time low weight and reduces air resistance when driving.

This object is achieved with the features of the first and second patent claims.

Advantageous refinements result from the dependent claims.

The invention relates to a spoke based on braided high-performance fibers for a system impeller, the individual spokes having a textile part and an end connection, the textile part of the spoke being in the form of a flexible textile made from braided braided parts.
The spoke can be tensioned by means of at least one tensioning element in such a way that the cross-section of the spoke is square-like in the non-tensioned state and round in the tensioned state, or that the cross-section of the spoke lies within a rectangular envelope line in the non-tensioned state and is oval in the tensioned state. According to the invention, the spoke, which is oval in shape in the tensioned state, is aligned aerodynamically in the impeller, so that the air resistance is reduced.
The spokes of the system impeller are in the form of a flexible textile with a diameter of 1.5 - 2.5 mm, whereby the breaking force of the rope is between 2500 and 8000 N. The end connection is at a first and/or second end of the Spoke mounted, the spoke being connected to the rim by means of the end connection, the end connection consisting of a clamping matrix and a cable spoke nipple. The clamping matrix is firmly connected to the cable spoke nipple supported on a rim hole.
At an area located essentially halfway along its length L, the spoke is connected by wrapping to a hub at the spoke flange thereof. A second end of the spoke is attached to a rim hole substantially opposite the first end.

In an advantageous embodiment, the wrapping between the spoke and the spoke flange takes place around a spoke retaining bolt, with the wrapping being between 150° and 900° and the bending radius being between 1.5 and 5 mm.

At its first end, the spoke has a clamping element in the form of a clamping body which is connected to the clamping die, the clamping die having a through hole with a clamping recess and the clamping body being operatively connected to the clamping recess by means of a positive and/or non-positive fit such that that the spoke is passed at least with its first and/or second end through a through hole in a respective clamping matrix and the clamping body is inserted at the front at least into the first end of the braided parts of the spoke. The clamping body is then pulled into the clamping die and the clamping recess arranged therein by applying a tensile force to the spoke. The clamping matrix advantageously has a length of 15-30 mm and a diameter of 4-6 mm. The associated clamping recess of the through bore preferably has an angle between 10 and 30°, this angle corresponding to the angle of a corresponding shape of the clamping body. Furthermore, the diameter of the clamping body is adapted to the inner diameter of the clamping die. To secure the connection between the clamping body and the clamping die, it can also be finally cast with an epoxy resin system.

The cable spoke nipple is connected to the clamping die by means of a positive and/or non-positive fit. Advantageously, the cable spoke nipple has an internal thread which corresponds to an external thread of the clamping matrix. The cable spoke nipple preferably has a length of 8-12 mm and a diameter of 7-10 mm.

By means of the external thread, the tensioning die ensures an axial movement in relation to the internal thread of the cable spoke nipple, the movement causing an increase or decrease in the spoke tension or spoke force.

The cable spoke nipple has a rounded head pointing in the direction of the rim, whereby the spoke force can be transferred to the rim independently of the spoke angle. The spoke length is between 200 - 700 mm, with 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36 or 40 spokes per wheel.
The associated spoke angle is between 10° and 210°.

The system impeller according to the invention also has a hub, the hub having a hub body with a through hole for an axle and spoke flanges in the form of double bars, the double bars having holes that are star-shaped parallel to the through hole or at an angle of 90° to the spoke angle β of the hub body are arranged lying. The through hole in the hub body can be used for both thru axles and quick releases. The number of star points advantageously corresponds to a quarter of the number of spokes installed. However, a hub with two circumferential double flanges or recesses arranged in certain areas is also possible. A conventional hub or a hub with a straight-pull mount is also conceivable.

A spoke retaining bolt can be inserted into the bores of the double webs, with a first web having a through bore and a second coaxial web having a threaded bore. It is thus possible to screw in a suitable bolt, with the wrapping between the spoke and the hub flange taking place around the spoke retaining bolt. The wrap is preferably between 150° and 900°, with the bending radius being between 1.5 and 5 mm.

In an advantageous embodiment, the hub, clamping matrix and cable spoke nipple are made of high-strength, tempered aluminum, steel, carbon, titanium, plastic or a combination of materials. The clamping body can consist of a simple aluminum alloy, steel, a plastic, titanium, carbon or a combination of materials.

The textile rope spoke or the mesh parts consist of high-strength fibers, in particular the group of HM-HT fibers, with the mesh parts consisting of HMPE fibers and/or LCP and/or aramids or a combination of the materials.

The power transmission between the hub and the rim via the spokes takes place primarily through a positive and non-positive connection with an additional material connection, whereby the connection is at least 50% of the breaking strength of the rope. The connection between the spoke and the hub should be dimensioned similar to the 50% of the breaking strength of the rope.

The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment and associated drawings.

• 1 das erfindungsgemäße Systemlaufrad in der Seitenansicht,
• 2 das Systemlaufrad in einer Schnittdarstellung A-A,
• 3 eine Detailansicht Z der Verbindung zwischen Felge und Speiche,
• 4 eine Detailansicht Y der Verbindung zwischen Nabe und Speiche.
• 5 eine schematische Schnittdarstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen biegeschlaffen Textils in Rechteckform,
• 6 eine schematische Schnittdarstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Speiche unter Zugbeanspruchung,
• 7 eine schematische Schnittdarstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen biegeschlaffen Textils in Quadratform,
• 8 eine schematische Schnittdarstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Speiche unter Zugbeanspruchung,
• 9 die einzelnen schematischen Komponenten der Endverbindung,
• 10 die schematische Darstellung der Verbindung zwischen Geflechtteil und Spannkörper,
• 11 die schematische Darstellung der Fixierung der Speiche und der Spannmatrize.

Show it:

• 1 the system impeller according to the invention in the side view,
• 2 the system impeller in a sectional view AA,
• 3 a detailed view Z of the connection between rim and spoke,
• 4 a detailed view Y of the connection between hub and spoke.
• 5 a schematic sectional view of a flexible textile according to the invention in a rectangular shape,
• 6 a schematic sectional view of a spoke according to the invention under tensile stress,
• 7 a schematic sectional view of a flexible textile according to the invention in square form,
• 8th a schematic sectional view of a spoke according to the invention under tensile stress,
• 9 the individual schematic components of the end connection,
• 10 the schematic representation of the connection between the mesh part and the clamping body,
• 11 the schematic representation of the fixation of the spoke and the clamping matrix.

The system impeller according to the invention is in 1 shown. It basically consists of a hub 1, which is connected by means of spokes 2 via an end connection 3, preferably spoke nipples, to a rim 4, with a power transmission therefore being possible from the hub 1 to the rim 4 and from the rim 4 to the hub 1 by means of the spokes 2 and Final connection 3 takes place. Furthermore, according to 1 impeller shown, a disc brake 5 is mounted on a designated area of the hub 1. Of course, hubs without disc brake mounts are also possible. The spokes 2 are preferably made of high-strength fibers, in particular the group of HM-HT fibers, the mesh parts being made of HMPE fibers and/or LCP and/or aramids or a combination of these materials, the spoke being in the form of a pliable textile. The spoke 2 has a braided structure, with the cable breaking force being between 2500 and 8000 N. The diameter of the spoke is between 1.5 and 2.5 mm.

The hub 1 has a hub body 1.1 with a central through hole 1.2 for receiving an axle, not shown, which connects the wheel to the bicycle or the like. Lying parallel to the through hole 1.2 or at an angle of 90° to the spoke angle β and arranged evenly around it are seven spoke flanges 1.3, which are arranged in a star shape around the through hole 1.2. However, a hub with two circumferential double flanges or recesses arranged in certain areas is also possible.
According to the exemplary embodiment, a rim 4 with 28 holes 4.1 is used, with two holes 4.1 in the rim 4 being connected to one another by means of a first end 2.1 and a second end 2.2 of the spoke 2. At essentially half the length of the spoke 3, it is connected to the spoke flange 1.3 by means of wrapping. The resulting spoke angle α is between 10° and 210°, with the wrap in the area of the hub 1 being between 150° and 900°.

According to the 1 until 3 the spokes 2 are connected to the rim by means of end connections 3. 2 shows the sectional view along the A axis 1 , 3 provides a detailed view of section Z from the 2 The brake disc 5 is installed using brake disc screws 6, which fix the brake disc 5 to the hub 1. The bearing of the hub used according to the invention corresponds to that of a conventional hub using ball bearings.

In 3 is the end connection 3 of the spoke 2 in the rim 4, shown in the present embodiment of a hollow rim with a corresponding hollow chamber 4.2. The end connection 3 consists of three parts, a clamping matrix 3.1, a cable spoke nipple 3.2 and a clamping element in the form of a clamping body 3.3, the clamping body 3.3 having a rotationally symmetrical cross section which tapers towards the tip. The clamping body 3.3 can be designed, for example, in the form of a cone. The clamping die 3.1 has a length of between 15 and 30 mm and a diameter of between 4 and 6 mm. In addition, the clamping die 3.1 has a through hole 3.1.1 with a clamping recess 3.1.2, the clamping recess 3.1.2 having a cone angle of 10°-30°.
The clamping die 3.1 is operatively connected via an external thread 3.1.3 to an internal thread 3.2.1 of the cable spoke nipple 3.2, with the meshing of the threads 3.1.3, 3.2.1 being able to cause an axial movement and thus a change in length for tensioning the spoke 2. The cable spoke nipple 3.2 has a diameter between 7 and 10 mm and a length between 8 and 12 mm and a rounded head 3.2.2, which is supported on the respective rim holes 4.1 of the rim 4 inside the hollow chamber 4.2. Thus, an optimal contact surface of the cable spoke nipple 3.2 on the rim 4 is achieved, regardless of the spoke inclination.

The spoke 2 is connected at its first and second end 2.1, 2.2 to the clamping body 3.3, the clamping body having a shape corresponding to the clamping recess 3.1.2 of the clamping matrix 3.1, preferably an outer cone 3.3.1, which engages in it. This results in a secure connection between the spoke 2 and the fixation 3 on the rim 4.

A detailed view of the hub 1 with the associated spoke holder is in 4 shown, this a detailed view of the area Y from 2 shows.
The hub 1 has spoke flanges 1.3 as spoke receptacles, which are arranged in a star shape parallel to or at an angle of 90° to the spoke angle β around the through hole 1.2 of the hub body 1.1.
The spoke flanges 1.3 are in accordance with 4 in the form of double webs 1.3, the double webs having a through hole 1.2, which receive a retaining bolt 1.4 corresponding thereto. The retaining bolt 1.4 has a thread 1.4.1, which acts with a thread of a first web 1.3.1 of the double web 1.3. The second web 1.3.2 of the double web 1.3 has a guide for the retaining bolt 1.4.
The spoke is essentially halfway by means of the retaining bolt 1.4 with the double web 1.3 of the hub 1 connected such that the retaining bolt 1.4 between the first and second web 1.3.1, 1.3.2 at an angle between 150 ° and 900 ° from the Spoke 2 is wrapped. The resulting bending radius is between 1.5 and 5 mm.

According to the exemplary embodiment, the hub 1 also has a sleeve tube 1.5, which is rotatably connected to the hub body 1.1 by means of ball bearings 1.6. The axis, not shown, is passed through the sleeve tube 1.5 and connected to the frame. The brake disc 5 is connected to the hub body 1 by means of brake disc screws 6 via a disc brake mount 1.7, with a 6-hole mount 1.7 preferably being used. End caps 1.8 with an associated rubber ring 1.9 are pushed onto each of the two ends of the sleeve tube 1.5, these ensuring the seat in the frame or the fork.

The course of the spoke is thus as follows: the spoke 2 is connected at its first end 2.1 by means of the end connection 3 to the rim 4 in the rim hole 4.1, in its essentially central area by wrapping with the hub flange 1.3 of the hub 1 and thereafter connected with its second end 2.2 in a rim hole 4.1 opposite the first end 2.1 by means of a further end connection 3 with the latter.

In 5 an arrangement of the textile high-performance fiber materials is shown in section through the spoke 2 in the limp state. The spoke 2 consists of individual mesh parts 2.3, which lie within an imaginary rectangular envelope line 2.4. According to 6 are the braided parts 2.3 from 5 under tensile stress, i.e. when lacing and centering the wheel, deformed in such a way that the mesh parts 2.3 change from a rectangular arrangement ( 5 ) transition to an oval arrangement. The spokes, which are thus oval in shape, can advantageously be aligned in the direction of travel and produce an aerodynamic effect similar to a bladed spoke.

An alternative embodiment of the spoke 2 is in the 7 and 8th shown. The cross-section in the limp state ( 7 ) is square, with the mesh parts 2.3 being deformed under tensile stress in such a way that the cross section of the spoke 2 is deformed into a round cross section.

The 9 until 11 show an advantageous end connection of the spokes in the clamping die in the three steps of attachment. In 9 shows the individual components of the end connection. The components of the end connection include the spoke 2, the clamping die 3.1 and the rotationally symmetrical clamping body 3.3.

The final connection of the spoke 2 is such that according to 10 in a first step, the cable 2 is passed through the concentric through hole 3.1.1 of the clamping die 3.1. At least at the first 2.1, preferably at the first 2.1 and second end 2.2 of the spoke 2, the rotationally symmetrical clamping body 3.3 is introduced into the spoke, the clamping body 3.3 being surrounded by the high-performance textile fibers.

By applying a force F in the axial direction of the spoke 2 according to 11 , the clamping body 3.3 is brought into position and practices there a compressive force/clamping force on the spoke 2. The clamping recess 3.1.2 and the corresponding shape 3.3.1 of the clamping body 3.3 are thus pressed and fixed to one another. As a result, the connection achieves stability and fixation, with an epoxy resin composite 3.4 being produced for additional security.

Reference List

1

hub

1.1

hub body

1.2

through hole

1.3

Spoke flange/double bridge

1.3.1

First jetty

1.3.2

Second jetty

1.4

retaining bolts

1.5

sleeve tube

1.6

ball-bearing

1.7

disc brake mount

1.8

end caps

1.9

rubber ring

2

spoke

2.1

First ending

2.2

second ending

2.3

mesh parts

2.4

envelope line

3

end connection

3.1

clamping die

3.1.1

through hole

3.1.2

clamping recess

3.1.3

external thread

3.2

rope spoke nipples

3.2.1

inner thread

3.2.2

Head

3.3

clamping body

3.3.1

Corresponding shape

4

rim

4.1

hollow chamber

5

brake disc

6

brake disc bolts

a

spoke angle

β

spoke angle

A

cutting axis

Y

Detail view hub

Z

Detailed view of the rim/fixation

Claims (10)

Spoke based on braided high-performance fiber materials for a system impeller, with a hub (1) which is connected to a rim (4) by means of the spokes (2) via an end connection (3), the individual spokes (2) having a textile part, wherein the textile part of the spoke (2) is designed in the form of a limp textile made of braided parts (2.3) and wherein the spoke (2) can be tensioned by means of at least one tensioning element, characterized in that - the cross section of the spoke (2) in is square in the non-tensioned, limp state and round in the tensioned state, or that the cross-section of the spoke (2) in the non-tensioned, limp state lies within a rectangular envelope line and in the tensioned state is oval and aerodynamically aligned in the impeller to reduce air resistance. System impeller with spokes claim 1 , characterized in that the spoke (2) is connected at a first end (2.1) and/or second end (2.2) to the rim (4) by means of the end connection (3), the end connection (3) consisting of a clamping die (3.1) and a cable spoke nipple (3.2) in such a way that the tensioning die (3.1) is connected to the cable spoke nipple (3.2) which is supported on a rim hole and - that the spoke (2) is looped in an area halfway along its length is connected to the hub (1) at the spoke flange. system impeller claim 2 , characterized in that the wrapping between spoke (2) and spoke flange takes place around a spoke retaining bolt, the wrapping being between 150° and 900° and the bending radius being between 1.5 and 5mm. System impeller after one of claims 2 until 3 , characterized in that the spoke (2) is connected at least at its first end (2.1) with a rotationally symmetrical clamping body (3.3) with the clamping die (3.1) such that the clamping die (3.1) has a through hole (3.1.1) with a Has a clamping recess (3.1.2), the clamping body (3.3) being operatively connected to the clamping recess (3.1.2) by means of a positive and/or non-positive fit such that the spoke (2) has its first (2.1) and second end (2.2) passed through a through-hole (3.1.1) in a respective clamping die (3.1). and the tensioning body (3.3) is inserted at the front end into the first end (2.1) and second end (2.2) of the braided parts (2.3) of the spoke (2) in such a way that the tensioning body (3.3) can be tightened by applying a tensile force to the spoke (2 ) is drawn into the clamping die (3.1) and the clamping recess (3.1.2) arranged therein. system impeller claim 4 , characterized in that to secure the connection between the clamping body (3.3) and clamping die (3.1), this is cast with an epoxy resin system. System impeller after one of claims 2 until 5 , characterized in that the cable spoke nipple (3.2) has a rounded head (3.2.2) pointing in the direction of the rim (4), the spoke force being able to be transmitted to the rim independently of the spoke angle. system impeller claim 2 , characterized in that the hub (1) has a hub body (1.1) with a through hole (1.2) for an axle and spoke flanges (1.3) in the form of double bars, the double bars (1.3) having holes which are star-shaped parallel to the through hole (1.2) of the hub body (1.1) are arranged horizontally or at an angle of 90° to the spoke angle β and that a spoke retaining bolt (1.4) can be inserted into the bores of the double webs (1.3), with a first web (1.3.1) having a through hole and a second coaxial web (1.3.2) has a threaded bore. System impeller after one of claims 2 until 7 , characterized in that the mesh parts (2.3) of the spoke (2) consist of high-strength fibers, in particular the group of HM-HT fibers, the mesh parts (2.3) consisting of HMPE fibers and/or LCP and/or aramids. System impeller after one of claims 2 until 8th , characterized in that the hub (1), clamping matrix (3.1) and cable spoke nipple (3.2) consist of high-strength aluminum, steel, carbon, titanium or a combination of materials. System impeller after one of claims 2 until 9 , characterized in that the clamping body (3.3) consists of an aluminum alloy, steel, a plastic, titanium, carbon or a combination of materials.

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