DE102017004302B3 - Cable laying machine - Google Patents

Abstract

High-voltage power lines can be laid above ground as overhead lines or underground cable routes. The former are unpopular with the population, especially because the value of properties within their reach is greatly reduced without adequate compensation. In addition, there are health concerns. The underground cable routes hardly bother the residents, but are more expensive to manufacture. The laying work means a long-lasting heavy burden for the owners of the mostly agriculturally used land. This invention is intended to enable a safe, cost-effective, deep, fast and the property owners hardly incriminating laying of high-voltage cable routes.

Description

This invention relates to the laying of high voltage and extra high voltage power lines. These can be laid above or below ground. Overground cable routing on poles is increasingly being rejected by the public, which often leads to long delays and compensation demands. The underground cable laying reluctantly chosen by the network operators, because it is far more expensive.

The underground cable laying done so far mostly by creating a trench with the help of unsteady working machines, especially backhoes, which deposit the excavation on the side. After introducing the most laid in a bed of liquid soil cable, the trench is filled back. The earthworks with unsteady working devices are complex and expensive and burdensome for nature and agriculture. To limit the dredging work, the cables are usually laid only 1 to 2 m deep, so that the cables are endangered by construction later. The track must later be kept free of vegetation with larger trees, so that the cables are not endangered by larger roots.

Cables can also be plowed into the ground by a special plow. Laying depths of 1 to 2 m are also achieved. To move the plow through the soil, a very large force is needed, which can not be applied by the traction of its own chassis. Therefore, he must e.g. be pulled by a mobile winch. The advantage here, too, is that a narrow working width is required, the laying work takes place very quickly and subsequently no remaining traces of the laying work remain.

The advantages are assumed, the disadvantages are considerably reduced by this invention. It only needs a very narrow working street of a few meters, which can be grown immediately after the laying work with all kinds of plants and trees. The laying work can be carried out in a very short time and the labor costs are lower than with other types of laying.

The installation costs are only slightly dependent on the laying depth. It can e.g. 3 or 4 m so that the cables are below the root zone of crops and even most trees.

A cable laying machine with cable transport car is basically by the patent application DE 10 2014 004 103 A1 known. However, this did not yet provide the opportunity to lay cable routes in curves and to produce the embedding material liquid soil from a part of the excavated material on the cable laying machine itself. The embedding material would have had to be brought with heavy concrete mixing vehicles.

The frames described herein ensure that the 2 cables are embedded within the specified fixed distance from each other and within the solidifying liquid-soil body.

The cable laying machine (1) according to the invention consists of a chassis (2) traveling on 4 tracks (15), trench-lifting units (3), material conveyors (4), a trench support shaft (5) with a cable guide Assembly (6), a liquid soil preparation device (7), storage containers (58) with metering devices (13) for the liquid soil components, a machine and electrical house (8) a crew house (66) and a mobile construction site toilet ( 9).

The chassis (2) consists of a plurality of successively arranged groups, by in the device center line (10) vertically arranged joint pairs (11) are connected. By arranged in a side region of the individual groups hydraulic cylinder (12) or the like, the chassis parts can be selectively moved so that the device center line (10) of the desired cable path line is similar. This can have curve radii of the order of 100 meters or less. Seen from a bird's-eye view, the cable laying machine thus forms a multi-link chain.

The trench-lifting units (3), the material-conveying means (4), the trench-supporting shaft (5) and the cable guide means (6) are arranged and designed so that the lateral deviations resulting from cornering Device center line (10) from the straight-center axis are so small that they are harmless to the function of the cable-laying machine (1).

The caterpillars (15) are expediently commercially available construction machine caterpillars. The two front and two rear pairs of tracks are steerable independently of each other. Each bulldozer is connected to the chassis (2) by a link lever (16) and a hydraulic support cylinder (17). This allows terrain bends to be balanced so that the chassis (2) is horizontal or the trench lift unit (3) with the trench support shaft (5) vertical. In a caterpillar pair, the two hydraulic support cylinders (17) are hydraulically connected so that the midpoint between them forms one of the 3 points of a static support triangle. The centers of the two other caterpillars complete the support triangle. When a Valve in the hydraulic connection is closed, creates a support quadrangle.

The trench-lifting unit (3) consists of e.g. from 2 known trenchers, a smaller arranged in front and adjustable in the digging depth for digging the humus layer (24) and arranged in the direction of travel behind it for the digging of the underlying excavated material (18).

The material conveyors (4) are expediently made of scraper chain conveyors (19) with link chains (20) with cross plates (21), which run in folded out of wear-resistant sheet metal troughs (22). Behind the front trench-lifting unit (3) a short 1.Querförderer (23) is arranged, which transfers the humus material (24) to a 1st longitudinal conveyor (25), in the device longitudinal direction of the trench support shaft (5) and cable Guides passing over guide means (6) and to a third cross conveyor (28), which promotes the humus in the slot trench (32). Behind the rear trench lifting unit (3), a short second transverse conveyor (26) is arranged, the excavated material (29) in a second longitudinal conveyor (38) passes. He promotes it on the other side of the trench support shaft (5) over to the rear. It is arranged inclined and rising over the compulsory mixer (30) away. Behind this, it ends in a chute (31), through which the remaining excavated material (29) is conveyed into the slot trench (32), in which already laid the cable (33) and the embedding material liquid bottom (69) and the frame (35) and covered with foil (48). In the chute (31) soil compactor (37) or vibrating plates can be arranged. In the area above the compulsory mixer (30), the bottom of the trough of the second longitudinal conveyor has holes (67), expediently as longitudinal slots through which a fine-grained portion of the excavated material (29) in the compulsory mixer (30) passes, where he with a suspension of Aggregates and water to liquid bottom (69) is stirred. On the underside of the provided with holes or longitudinal slots (67) portion of the trough (22) of the second longitudinal conveyor (38) is longitudinally movable a metal slide (39) mounted with a hydraulic cylinder (40) or the like. Moved, depending on whether more or less excavated material (29) in the forced mixer (30) should trickle. This is controlled by a level sensor in the compulsory mixer.

The liquid soil preparation device consists of reservoirs (58) for the aggregates (68) cement, bentonite, lime and water, from metering devices (13) for the powdery components, which pass into a screw conveyor (29), they in a suspension device (70) in which they are mixed with water to a suspension liquid, which is conveyed via a pipeline in the compulsory mixer (30), further comprising a compulsory mixer (30), from the bottom of a tube ( 42) in the central axis of the slot trench (32) down to just above the cables (33) protrudes down. The tube (42) may be closed at the bottom by a flap (43) actuated by a buoyant body (44) such that the tube is closed when the surface level (45) of the liquid tray (69) has exceeded a certain level ,

The cables (33) are carried on self-propelled cable transport trolleys (46). They are unwound from arranged in the direction of travel cable drums and run via support rollers (47) to the cable guide assembly (6) in the bottom of the slot trench (32). Frame (35) are inserted at regular intervals of eg 1m on the cable (33). The frames (35) ensure that the cables remain in the intended geometrical arrangement within the potting material in the trench bottom. At the top, the liquid bottom (69) is covered by a foil (48). The passes from a film drum (49) in the equipment chassis (2) via deflecting drums (50) on the surface of the liquid bottom (69) immediately before everything is covered by excavated material to a certain height, above the humus material (24) of the slot trench ( 32) is filled. The film (48) is for example a strong geotextile. It can be colored and labeled so that it also fulfills the function of a warning foil. The film drum (49) and the frame magazine (41) are deposited with the on-board crane (27) on consoles, which are folded out of the chassis (2) out. To manually move the frame magazine (41) to the working position, it has 1 or 2 handles (71). These can be rotated, whereby the frame magazine (41) is locked in the exact Betiebsposition. The film (48) has at both ends in each case a strip of Velcro material, whereby the new is quickly and securely connected to the old. At the end of the film (48), a strip of metal foil is also attached. If 2 electrical contacts are touched, the landing gear shuts off and the operator must insert a new foil drum (49). Also at the installation of the frame magazine (41) corresponding electrical contacts are provided. Some film rolls and frame magazines can be stored on the device chassis (2) within easy reach of the crane (27). The frame (35) may consist of injection-molded plastic. They are arranged in an exchangeable frame magazine (41) in the device chassis (2) and are moved from there by feed devices (52) to the installation location in the slurry-like liquid soil and clamped to the cables (33). The 3 feed devices (52) are, for example, hydraulic cylinders with a mandrel which moves a frame (35) in the frame magazine (41) by a frame thickness or a frame (35) from the frame magazine (41) by one frame width in the direction of the device center line (FIG. 10), or a frame by a frame height down against some previously in the at the trench support shaft (5) arranged guide rails (54) pushes pushed frame. In this frame (35) 2 feet (74) and 2 notches (73) are released, which were folded spring loaded in the reservoir. The feet are aligned parallel to the cables (33) so that they can be lowered by the 2 cables. 2 also spring-loaded pawls (72) are pressed when passing the cable and then snap on again. Thus, then the frame is firmly connected to the cables (33) and ensures their exact arrangement within the later solidifying liquid bottom body (69).

The trench support shaft (5) is a sheet metal construction that extends from the side walls of the 2nd trench take-out unit (3) to the rear wall (53) of the chute (31). Its side panels prevent soil from falling from the sidewalls of the trench (32) too early in the space provided for the cables. A horizontal plate (55) disposed horizontally just behind the trench-lifting unit (3) smoothes the bottom of the trench (32) before filling the liquid bottom thereon. In the trench support shaft (5) is a cable guide assembly (6) consisting of a support frame (56) and a plurality of guide rollers (57), whereby the cables are safely protected to the place where they are connected to the frame (35) fixed and embedded in liquid soil (69).

With a on the equipment chassis (2) arranged commercial truck loading crane (27) are the aggregates (68): cement, bentonite and lime with big bags in their storage containers (41), and the frame magazines (41) and the film drum (49 ) lifted to their places of installation.

In the engine and electrical house (8) there is a diesel engine (59) which drives the hydraulic pumps (61) and a power generator (62) via a transfer case (60), electric batteries, an oil tank (64) with seated hydraulic valves Electric cabinet for electrics and electronics.

In the crew house (66) are the staff to monitor the largely automated functions of the cable laying machine and to document the work results.

The conveying paths are suitably scraper chain conveyors, similar to those usual in underground mining. They each consist of a trough (22) made of folded wear-resistant sheet metal, of a plate chain (20) with cross plates (21), which push the conveyed in front of him, from 1 Antriebsturas (75) and 1 or more Umlenkturassen (76). The scraper chain conveyor is particularly uncomplicated, robust, easy to maintain and repair, has the lowest height losses when transferring the conveyed material to the next conveyor. He can promote very steep.

The 1st longitudinal conveyor (25) conveys the humus material (24) through almost the entire length of the cable laying machine (1). Its trough (22) consists of 3 interconnected parts. They are each attached to the corresponding part of the chassis (2). In the area of the pairs of hinges (11) in the trough (22) devices according to 17 provided that allow a pivoting angle of about 1 degree and a length compensation of a few cm. This 1.Längsförderer has a clamping station (36) for this length compensation. The 2nd longitudinal conveyor (38) is connected only to the middle part of the chassis (2). At the discharge end, he protrudes slightly beyond the third part of the chassis. When cornering results in a relative to this transverse movement (see 11 and 12 ) Since the longitudinal conveyor is firmly connected to the lid of the compulsory mixer, the lid must be slightly laterally displaced, as in 12 is indicated.

In the last part of the 2nd longitudinal conveyor, the trough bottom is missing, so that the conveyed material falls into the chute (31). Before that, the bottom of the trough has holes or longitudinal slots (67) through which fine-grained material can fall into the forced mixer (30). This area of the trough bottom can be more or less closed by a sliding plate (39) movable below it by a hydraulic cylinder (40) or the like. This is regulated by means of a level sensor mounted in the compulsory mixer. This ensures an approximately uniform filling level, regardless of the amount of liquid soil (69) removed by a pipe (42).

The compulsory mixer (30) is a cylindrical vessel with a driven agitator, the lips of the bottom and along the cylinder wall along and transport by a slight inclination pulpy contents out and down, where in the ground in the device center line (10 ) is an opening from which a tube (42) down into the area above the cable to be laid (33). The tube (42) is closed at the bottom with a flap (43). This is connected to a buoyant body (44) which closes the flap when the surface level (45) of the liquid bottom (69) reaches an upper target value.

list of figures

• 1 Shows the cable laying machine with the first of the following cable transport cars. Cable laying is only a very small area and has an extremely short duration and minimum impact on the landscape and agriculture. The chassis consists of 3 parts, each connected by 2 pairs of joints with a vertical axis. In the area of these joints, the 3 parts are also connected to adjusting devices (12), preferably hydraulic cylinders, through which a curvature of the cable laying machine is actively generated.
• 2 Shows both devices in a bird's-eye view in a right turn with a radius of 100 m.
• 3 and 4 Show the cable laying machine on a larger scale.
• 5 shows the middle area of the cable laying machine. A trench lifting unit (3) conveys excavated material (29) into the second transverse conveyor (26), from which it is transferred to the second longitudinal conveyor (38). A fine-grained part of the excavated material (29) reaches the compulsory mixer (30) with its agitator (not shown) as long as the sheet metal slide (39) is completely or partially opened by the hydraulic cylinder (40). Aggregates (68) Cement, bentonite and, if necessary, lime are fed via metering devices (13) and a screw conveyor (29) to a suspension device (70), mixed with water and pumped into the compulsory mixer (30) where they are mixed with the fine-grained excavated material ( 29) to liquid bottom (69) and passed through the tube (42) in the lower portion of the slot trench (32). The greater part of the excavated material (29) passes through the chute (31) in the slot trench (32), where already the cable (33) embedded in liquid soil (69) secured by frame (35) in the prescribed position and by a film (48) are covered. The excavated material can be compacted here by indicated soil compactors (37) or left to the later natural settlement.
• 6 The section through one of the 3 reservoirs (58) for aggregates (68) with a metering device (13), whereby this aggregates of the suspension device (70). In addition, the first trench-lifting unit (3) is indicated, which promotes the humus layer (24) of the slot trench (32) in the 1st cross conveyor (23), the humus material (24) to the 1st longitudinal conveyor (25). passes.
• 7 Shows the second transverse conveyor (26), which transfers the excavated material (18) taken over by the indicated 2nd trench lifting unit (3) to the second longitudinal conveyor (38). In addition, the crane (27) is indicated.
• 8th Shows the compulsory mixer (30) and above the area of the second longitudinal conveyor (38), from which with open metal slide (39) fine-grained excavated material (29) in the compulsory mixer (30), where it with the suspension of cement, bentonite, possibly The lime and water are stirred into liquid bottom (69) and, with the flap (43) open, pass through the tube (42) into the lower part of the slot trench (32) and surround the cables (33)
• 9 Shows a frame magazine (51), which was set down with the help of the crane (27) on the folded down console. With the handle (71) it is pushed to the destination and locked there by pivoting the handle there. By 3 feeders (52) a frame is pushed by a frame thickness to the front side of the frame magazine (51) and pushed from there across a frame width to a position above the slot trench (32) and finally by a frame height down where other frame have already been inserted before, which are thereby all moved down. The bottom frame is pushed onto the cables (33). 2 latches (72) are pressed against springs as they pass through the cables (33) and then snap on again. Then, the lowermost frame (35) is fixedly connected to the cables and secures their exact position to each other and to the sides and bottom of the slot trench (32). The lowermost frame (35) now remains in its place while the next frames are moved on with the cable laying machine (1) until after a fixed travel of eg 1m the next frame is pushed through the liquid bottom (69) onto the cables (35) ,
• 10 Shows the cut EE of 9 From the frame magazine (41), frames (35) are placed on the cables (33) with the feed devices (52). When lowering the top frame unfold in the frame magazine even against spring force depressed feet (74) and detents (73), which then remain firmly in this position. Since the feet are arranged in the direction of the cables, they can be moved between them. From the compulsory mixer (30) has flowed through the tube (42) continuously liquid bottom (69) in the slot trench (32), regulated by the flap (43) provided with a buoyancy body (44). The cables (33) are bent straight through the guide rollers (57), which are very narrow at the bottom. Film (48) is directed down the slot trench where it lays on the frames (35) and covers the liquid bottom (69) at the top. Later will about the excavated material (18) thrown and thus the slot trench (32) filled.
• 11 Shows the chute (31) through which excavated material (18) from the 2nd longitudinal conveyor (38) is thrown into the slot trench (32). It is indicated how, when cornering the cable laying machine (1), the head of the second longitudinal conveyor (38) moves laterally. Behind the chute (31), the third cross conveyor (28) can be seen, which pushes the transferred from the 1st longitudinal conveyor (25) humus material (24) in the top of the slot trench (32), where it later with a (not shown ) Compressor can be compressed.
• 12 and 13 Show the cross section through the 2nd longitudinal conveyor (38), the trough (22) in the area above the compulsory mixer (30) holes or longitudinal slots through the fine-grained excavated material (18) in the compulsory mixer (30) falls as long as the sliding plate (39 ) by the hydraulic cylinder (40) this completely or partially free. 13 is the view from below against the 2nd longitudinal conveyor (38). In 12 is indicated that when cornering the cable laying machine (1) the head end of the 2nd longitudinal conveyor (38) is laterally shifted slightly. Since the lid of the compulsory mixer (30) is connected to the head end of the 2.Längsförderers, this must be slightly laterally displaceable.
• 14 Shows the typical structure of the scraper chain conveyor (19). They each consist of a link chain (20) with attached cross plates (21), which run in a folded-out wear-resistant sheet trough (22).
• 15 Shows a drive turret (75) which engages the link chain (20) and thus moves it. Each conveyor has a drive tower.
• 16 Shows a Umlenkturas (76). Each sponsor has one or more Umlenkungskasse. In the case of the 1st longitudinal conveyor, the deflection channel is tensioned by a tensioning device (36), which gives way when the cable laying machine moves into a curve.
• 17 Shows one of the 2 areas of the trough (22) of the 1.Längsförderers (25), which must make a slight bend and change in length when cornering the cable laying machine (1). The 3 long parts of the trough are each firmly connected to their associated part of the chassis (2). In between, a short trough piece is connected by hinge pins to the long trough pieces.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Cable laying machine

2

chassis

3

Trench Aushebe unit

4

Conveyor

5

Trench support shaft

6

Cable guide assembly

8th

Machinery and electric home

9

construction site toilet

10

Device centerline

11

joint pairs

12

adjustment

13

metering

14

Cable trays line

15

tracked

16

handlebar lever

17

Hydraulic support cylinders

18

excavated material

20

link chains

21

bulkhead

22

trough

23

1st cross conveyor

24

Humus, humus material, humus layer

25

1.Längsförderer

26

2. Cross conveyor

27

crane

28

3. Cross conveyor

29

screw conveyor

30

compulsory mixer

31

chute

32

slit trench

33

electric wire

34

embedding

35

frame

36

jig

37

compactor

38

2. longitudinal conveyor

39

sliding plate

40

hydraulic cylinders

41

frame magazine

42

pipe

43

flap

44

buoyancy

45

surface level

46

Cable trolley

47

supporting role

48

foil

49

film drum

50

deflection pulley

51

reservoir

52

feeding

53

rear wall

54

guide rails

55

horizontal sheet metal

56

shoring

57

leadership

58

reservoir

59

diesel engine

60

Transfer Case

61

hydraulic pump

62

power generator

64

oil tank

65

electrical cabinet

66

team building

67

Holes or longitudinal slots

68

aggregates

69

liquid soil

70

suspension device

71

handle

72

pawl

73

notch

74

feet

75

drive sprocket

76

reversing tumbler

Claims (7)

Cable laying machine (1), comprising a chassis (2) traveling on 4 tracks (15), from a first trench lifting unit (3) for the humus (24), a second trench lifting unit ( 3) for the excavating material (29) underneath, a cable guide assembly (6) arranged in a trench support shaft (5), a conveying device arranged behind the first trench lifting unit (3), consisting of a short 1. Cross conveyor (23), arranged in the direction of travel 1. longitudinal conveyor (25) and a short second cross conveyor (26) and arranged behind the second trench-lifting unit conveying path, consisting of a third cross conveyor (28) and a longitudinal conveyor (38) arranged in the direction of travel, a machine and electrical house (8), a crew house (66), followed by one or more self-propelled cable transport vehicles (46), depending on the number of cables to be laid. , characterized in that the chassis (2) of 2 or more modules be are each connected to in the device center line (10) arranged perpendicular joint pairs (11) and can be provided by force applying adjusting devices (12), such as hydraulic cylinders in an arc shape, so that the centers of the two caterpillars (15) existing trolley groups, the trench-lifting units (3), the trench support shaft (5), the cable guide assembly (6), the chute (31), the tube (42) of the compulsory mixer (30), feeders for Frame (35) and foil (48) lie on a curved line, and that a part of the on the 2nd longitudinal conveyor (38) transported excavated material (18) is separated by a volume-adjustable screening device and fed to a liquid-soil-making device, the from a compulsory mixer (30) with upstream storage containers (58) for aggregates (68) and water and metering devices (13), and a suspension device (70) and that the compulsory mixer (30) under its bottom a senk right tube (42) is passed through the liquid bottom (69) in the lower trench area around the cables (33) until a bottom flap (43) is closed by a buoyant body (44), thus regulating the liquid bottom supply. Cable laying machine (1) according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the conveying paths (23, 25, 26, 28, 38) consist of scraper chain conveyors with lugs chains (20) running in troughs (22) of folded wear-resistant sheet metal with transverse plates (21). Cable laying machine (1) according to Claim 1 and 2 , characterized in that the bottom of the trough (22) of the second longitudinal conveyor (38) in the region above the compulsory mixer (30) holes or longitudinal slots (67) and that below a sliding plate (39) is arranged, which is displaceable in the conveying direction , preferably by a hydraulic cylinder (40), and that the size of the screen area thus formed is controlled by a level sensor which detects the level in the compulsory mixer such that more screen area is effective when the level is low and less when the level is is high. Cable laying machine (1) according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the trench-lifting units (3) are constructed of elements of commercial caterpillar tracks and round shank chisels. Cable laying machine according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the trench-lifting unit (3) is formed by annular paddle wheels. Cable laying machine (1) according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the first part of the trench-lifting unit (3) consists of a blade, similar to a backhoe blade, which by means of the traction force of the beads (15) in the boundary between humus (24) and other excavated material ( 18) is pressed. Cable laying machine (1) according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the cables (33) are arranged in a trench bottom in a geometrically defined position and embedded in liquid soil bounded above by a film opposite the above again with excavated material (18) and humus (24) filled slot trench (32) the position of the cables (33) in the liquid-bottom cross-section is precisely determined by means of evenly spaced frames (35) which enclose the cables (33) by means of two spring-loaded pawls (72) and which, at 2, are exiting their frame magazine spring-loaded opening and resting with notches (73) supporting feet (74) at the bottom of the slot trench (32).

Images