DE102016215465A1 - Protective device to protect a person from the effects of heat - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to protective equipment (110) for protecting a person from the effects of heat (112). The protective device (110) comprises a protective cover (120) which can be closed on all sides and is designed to accommodate the person in a volume (122) which can be formed by the protective cover (120). In this case, the protective device (110) has at least one upper side (124) and one lower side (126) arranged opposite the upper side (124), wherein at least the underside (126) is arranged to rest on a base (128). The protective cover (120) has a layer structure (130) at least on the upper side (124) of the protective device (110), comprising at least one outer layer (132), a middle layer (134) adjoining the outer layer (132) and one the middle layer (134) and inner layer (136) adjacent to the viable volume (122), wherein the outer layer (132) is a non-flammable, heat radiation reflective material, the middle layer (134) is a solid insulation layer (146) the inner layer (136) comprises a material designed to prevent combustion of the person. The present protective device (110) allows a longer survival of a person in the formable volume (122) of the protective cover (120) even when the protective device (110) acting on heat (112), as in particular in the field of fire, disaster and explosion protection can occur.

Description

The present invention relates to a protective device for protecting a person from the effects of heat, as may occur in particular in the field of fire, disaster and explosion protection.

State of the art

The lives of the civilian population as well as the emergency services are often at risk in the area of fire, disaster and explosion protection. If an escape is not possible or no longer possible when a danger occurs, it is particularly advantageous if the affected persons know how to withdraw into existing rooms or short-term protective devices, with a high probability of survival over a longer period of about 15-120 minutes to secure. In particular, in these hazardous situations, it may be necessary to protect the human body from possible burns, respiratory poisoning, gaseous or liquid chemical burns and / or injury due to flying splinters or parts resulting from explosions. Protective blankets or body-worn protective clothing, e.g. Protective suits or protective vests are often not enough for this. Protective blankets, especially at extreme temperatures, such as strong heat radiation or direct flame exposure, due to their open design often no survival, protective suits require a durable wear and usually cause a strong restriction of freedom of movement and protective vests offer only a partial body protection.

Protective devices for protecting persons or objects from adverse external influences are known from the prior art. US 4,856,436 A discloses a protective device for protecting electronic devices, comprising a pair of telescopic arms, between which a deployable protective layer of a resistant material is attachable. Although the protective layer of a folded thin metal layer used is waterproof, it offers only limited protection against fire and smoke.

L. Andersen, The Development and Implementation of an Improved Fire Shelter for Wildland Firefighters, The 3rd International Wildland Fire Conference, 2003, Sydney, Australia , a protective device to protect a person from the effects of heat, in particular for use in the field of fire protection. The protective device has a protective sleeve in the form of a half-cylinder with rounded ends, so as to achieve a low surface-to-volume ratio and to avoid a fire-promoting effect of reflective surfaces of the protective device. The protective cover has a two-ply layer structure comprising an outer layer and an inner layer, the outer layer consisting of woven aluminum foil laminated silicate being adapted to reflect thermal radiation and to slow down heat transfer into the inner layer. The inner layer of glass fibers, also laminated to aluminum foil, is designed to prevent heat radiation and gases from entering the guard. An air gap generated by sewing together the two layers serves to further heat insulation of the protective device. Seams are provided on the upper side of the protective device, which on the one hand serve to support the mechanical stability of the protective cover and, on the other hand, to hold the outer layer in position above a temperature of 260 ° C., in particular to allow possible peeling of the outer layer from the inner layer To prevent layer.

Against this background, the object of the present invention is to provide a protective device for the protection of a person from adverse external influences, in particular from the effects of heat, which at least partially overcome the problems and difficulties known from the prior art. In particular, the protection device should allow for the longest possible survival of a person in it and in this case have a low weight and a small pack size in order to be able to be worn by the person over a longer period of time. In addition, integration of additional functional elements without hindering the protective effect of the protective device would be desirable.

Disclosure of the invention

This object is achieved by a protective device having the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments can be found in the dependent claims.

In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a protective device for protecting a person, in particular of exactly one person, from the effects of heat, in particular a heat effect, as may occur in particular in the field of fire, disaster and explosion protection. In this case, in particular due to an intense heat radiation of 100 kW / m ² to 200 kW / m ² , temperatures in the range of 100 ° C to 300 ° C occur, which can survive the person without protection only a few seconds or minutes. The protective device is in this case designed in particular such that the person when retreating into the protective device her largely unscathed survival in such an environment endangering the health and / or survival of the person over an extended period of time from about 15 minutes to 120 minutes, especially from 15 minutes to 30 minutes, is likely to be assured.

The protective device presented here comprises a protective cover which can be closed on all sides and which is designed to receive the person in a volume which can be formed by the protective cover. The volume which can be formed by the protective cover is designed here in such a way that it is suitable for accommodating a person, preferably a person. In this case, the protective cover can preferably be designed such that a distance between the person in the volume and the person surrounding possibly hot protective cover can form, wherein the distance is preferably selected so that thereby the required for receiving the person volume and thus Also, the space required for the protective cover can be kept as low as possible.

Such a configuration can be achieved, in particular, by virtue of the fact that the protective cover has mechanically stiffening elements which can ensure that the distance between the person and the surrounding protective cover can be optimally adjusted and remain largely in this setting. In an alternative embodiment, at least partially a layer of a filling material with low thermal conductivity, preferably a nonwoven, may be applied to an inner surface of the protective cover, which rests against the volume provided for receiving the person. The position of the filling material, preferably of the nonwoven fabric, can thus be advantageously used to adjust and maintain the distance between the person and the possibly possibly protective cover surrounding it to the best possible value.

In order to achieve the most comprehensive lockability of the protective cover from the environment endangering the person, the protective cover can preferably be configured in one piece, wherein the protective cover completely surrounds the formable volume for accommodating the person in this embodiment. As a result, a protective effect of the protective device can develop independently of a direction of the heat source. In an alternative embodiment, the protective cover can be designed in two parts or in several parts and therefore have at least two separate parts, in particular exactly two separate parts, wherein the separate parts are firmly but detachably connectable to each other. In this case, the separate parts are designed such that they together completely surround the formable volume for receiving the person. This type of configuration may be particularly advantageous in order to achieve a reduction of the total weight of the protective device by a suitable selection of materials for each of the separate parts.

The protective device has at least one upper side and one lower side, which is arranged opposite the upper side. Here, at least the underside is to rest on a base, in particular on a floor, such as a natural floor or an artificially produced soil, such as a concrete floor, is set up. In principle, however, any surface above a certain size can serve as a support for the support of the protective device. In the case of the above-described one-piece design of the protective cover, however, both the top and the bottom can have this property, while in the case of the two-part design of the protective cover, a separate part of the protective cover can form the underside of the protective device designed as a support surface. In addition, the protective device may have one or more further separate parts, in particular laterally introduced between the top and the bottom side panels. This may be a single, side part, which is arranged continuously between the top and the bottom of the protective device, or at least two separate side parts, which are respectively inserted at selected locations of the protective device, in particular between the top and the bottom. In this case, however, care must be taken in comparison with the one-piece or the two-part design that the protective effect of the protective device is not reduced by additional, required between the separate parts compounds, which may possibly serve as thermal bridges.

The present protective cover has at least at the top of the protective device via a layer structure, wherein, as explained below, the underside and / or any existing side parts in the same or a different layer structure can be configured. According to the invention, the layered structure of the protective cover comprises an outer layer, a middle layer adjacent to the outer layer, and an inner layer adjacent to the middle layer and adjacent thereto, the inner layer forming, directly or indirectly, the surface of the volume which can be formed by the protective cover for receiving the person , In addition, depending on the nature of the embodiment of the protective cover, further layers can be used, it being important to ensure that each additional layer is associated with an increase in the weight of the protective device. As mentioned above, at least a portion of the inner layer can a layer of a material of low thermal conductivity, preferably a nonwoven, be applied, which can preferably be used to provide and / or maintain the distance between the person and the surrounding protective sheath. Other types of embodiment are possible.

The outer layer of the protective cover comprises a non-flammable material, which also has the property of being able to reflect the highest possible proportion of heat radiation which acts on the protective device. In a particularly preferred embodiment, this is a metal-laminated carrier fabric, in particular a laminated with a glass fiber carrier fabric metal foil, preferably an aluminum foil, gold foil or copper foil, which preferably in a thickness of 10 .mu.m to 50 .mu.m, preferably 20 .mu.m to 25 .mu.m, are present , The term "lamination" refers to bonding of adjoining layers, in particular of different materials, by means of at least one laminating agent, for which preferably an adhesive is suitable, in particular a more flexible in the temperature range from 250 ° C. to 300 ° C., by occurrence of a ceramic-forming effect 1500 ° C to 2000 ° C temperature-resistant silicone adhesive. While the metal foil due to their high electrical conductivity for a high shielding of the outer cover against the incident heat radiation can provide the carrier fabric due to its low thermal conductivity mainly serve to transport the existing heat in the outer layer in the other layers of the protective cover and Thus, ultimately, at least slow down in the volume for receiving the person inside the guard. In addition, the carrier fabric can be used to give the metal foil a higher mechanical stability.

The middle layer of the protective cover comprises a solid insulating layer, for which purpose preferably a solid, heat-insulating material can be used. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the middle layer can in particular via at least two, separated by a metal foil, insulating mat structures, a, having a loop structure fleece, via a hollow chambers, non-combustible layer material, on a crystal water exhibiting material, on expandable graphite , and / or have another metal-clad carrier fabric as described above.

Thus, in a particularly preferred embodiment, the insulation layer may have at least two insulating mat structures each separated from one another by a separating layer in the form of a metal foil. In particular, in this case three insulating mat structures may be present, which may each be separated from one another by an aluminum foil, gold foil or copper foil, which may have a thickness of 10 μm to 50 μm, preferably 20 μm to 25 μm. By means of the metal foil used as a separating layer, the thermal conductivity of the protective casing can be further reduced.

In a further preferred embodiment, the insulating layer may comprise a non-woven, which may have a loop structure. Particularly suitable for this purpose are temperature-resistant, effect-textured glass yarns, which can preferably be provided with regular loops, which ensure that the insulating layer has a certain elasticity.

In a further preferred embodiment, the insulation layer may have a non-combustible layer material having hollow chambers. For this purpose, it is possible in particular to use a layer material which has monofilaments, which may preferably be arranged flat and in a spiral shape and / or in the form of a three-dimensional mesh within the layer material.

In a further, particularly preferred embodiment, the insulating layer may have a material containing water of crystallization. For this purpose, it is preferable to use a mineral containing water of crystallization, for which the mineral substances etringite or aluminum trihydrate are particularly suitable. The term "ettringite" or "woodfordite" denotes a foreign anionic, hydrous sulfate, in particular of the formula Ca ₆ Al ₂ [(OH) ₁₂ | (SO ₄ ) ₃ ] .26H ₂ O. Aluminum trihydrate, which may also be referred to as hydrargillite or ATH, is commonly used as a mineral flame retardant and / or flue gas suppressant, which can split off above about 200 ° C bound water of crystallization. The crystal water-containing material can thus cause active cooling of the protective cover, in particular by evaporation of the water bound therein.

In a further preferred embodiment, the insulating layer can have expandable graphite. Graphite can be converted into "expanded graphite" or "expandable graphite" by incorporation of acids, typically sulfuric acid. If expanded graphite is heated to a temperature above approximately 140 ° C., the material can expand to a multiple of the original volume. In this way, by inflating the expandable graphite an insulating volume can be generated within the middle layer of the protective sheath, which primarily the heat transfer into the inner layer of the protective cover and the thereto directly or indirectly adjacent forming volume can hinder the inclusion of the person.

With respect to the other metal-laminated carrier fabric, reference is made to the above description and to the exemplary embodiments.

The inner layer of the protective cover comprises a material which is designed to prevent the person from burning, in particular because the inner layer directly or indirectly adjoins the formable volume for receiving the person. In a preferred embodiment, the inner layer may comprise a metal-laminated plastic fabric for this purpose. In this case, the metal-laminated synthetic fabric may in particular have a metallized plastic film which is applied by means of an adhesive layer to a carrier fabric provided therefor. As a metallized plastic film is preferably an aluminized polyester film, which may be applied by means of a hot melt adhesive to a temperature-resistant fiber-carrier fabric. However, further embodiments of the inner layer of the protective cover are possible.

The designed to rest on a base underside of the protective device may be performed in a particular embodiment in the same or similar manner as the top of the protective device. In particular, the underside may also have the top layer structure comprising the outer layer, the middle layer and the inner layer which directly or indirectly adjoins the imageable volume for receiving the person. However, this type of embodiment can be embodied such that heat dissipation from the body of the person through the underside to the base is generally insufficiently supported.

Therefore, in a particularly preferred embodiment, the underside of the protective cover may in particular be adapted to carry out the most effective heat dissipation from the body of the person through the underside to the pad in order to keep the body temperature of the person as low as possible. This beneficial effect can be further assisted by the person in the educable volume wearing no protective clothing, but only flame-resistant underwear or unclothed. In this particularly preferred embodiment, therefore, the underside can only have a plastic fabric, in particular a polyester fabric, which, in particular in comparison with the above-described layer structure of the upper side, can also have a lower weight. As a result, however, the underside of the protective cover is designed such that it should as far as possible not be exposed to heat. Therefore, this embodiment can be particularly suitable for use with trained personnel, which is able to align the lower part accordingly, so that the underside touches as possible on all sides only the pad and the heat can therefore act on only the top.

In an alternative, likewise preferred embodiment, the underside can have a layer structure which can correspond only to the outer layer of the layer structure of the top and thus in addition to the heat dissipation additionally allows a seal against smoke, a reflection of heat radiation and resistance to direct flame. This type of configuration, preferably by using a metal-clad carrier fabric, may be particularly suitable for persons who are not specially trained in the use of the present protective device, since it can also provide protection when the bottom is temporarily subjected to the effect of heat becomes. Possibly existing side parts of the protective cover can preferably also be carried out in the form of this layer structure, since it is also to be expected here with a second exposure to the effect of heat.

In order for the person, despite the all-round closeability of the protective cover shown here, to nevertheless reach the volume which can be formed by the protective cover and / or to move out of the volume, the protective device can have at least one closable opening inserted in the protective cover. In this case, the opening can be set up to receive and / or remove the person into the volume which can be formed by the protective cover. In particular, at least one zipper inserted in the protective cover and / or at least one closure flap formed by a shape of the protective cover are suitable as the opening. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the protective cover can have at least one closure flap, wherein the term "closure flap" or "cover flap", which is known, for example, from the field of backpacks, both by an overlap of ends and / or connected parts of the protective cover can form at least one open state and at least one closable state. A material overlap that can be achieved thereby can thus lead both to the easy-to-reach all-round closeability as well as to a possibility of entry and / or leaving the protective cover by the person. An introduction of a closure flap can, with only a slight possibility of incorrect operation, thus offer a simple, fast, smoke-tight and temperature-insensitive closure and / or closure option. As long as the Closure, especially due to the environmental conditions, can still remain open, the at least partially open flap can be used to observe the environment of the protection, the person, except for her head, can be largely protected by the protection device. Alternatively, one or more zippers may be incorporated in the protective cover. Regardless of the type of execution, it is particularly advantageous if the opening in the bottom of the protective device or, alternatively, in a located between the top and the bottom side part of the protective device is introduced. Particularly preferred locations for the introduction of the opening are a substantially central position in the region of a coupling between the top and the bottom of the protective device or a position in the region of abutting edges, at which preferably at least two ends of a flat executed protective cover by means of at least one seam can be connected to each other.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the protective cover, in particular in contrast to L. Andersen, so , at least at the top of the protective device designed seamless. For this purpose, the protective cover on the upper side may preferably be designed as continuous as possible in the form of a single surface. This seamless design of the top of the guard can advantageously cause seams, which may act as thermal bridges in the protective cover and thus reduce the protective effect of the protective device are avoided as completely as possible. However, the devices for breathing air supply and / or radio communication described below can be excluded from the freedom from the seam.

In a particular embodiment, the protective cover which can be closed on all sides, which, in particular due to the action of the metal foil located in the outer layer of the protective sheath, constitutes a Faraday cage, can be provided with an insulated, sealed breakthrough, which is preferably designed in the form of a slot penetrating the protective sheath can. The breakthrough here is particularly adapted to be able to lead a short or long antenna of a radio to the outside, in order to allow in this way a radio communication with the outside world. In particular, the breakthrough may be introduced into the closure flap of the protective device. The dimensions of the breakthrough are chosen in such a way that the presence of the breakthrough can affect the maximum possible lockability of the protective cover of the person hazardous environment at most insignificant.

In a further embodiment, the protective device may have at least one type of supply of breathing air. For this purpose, the person can take a respirator, a circulatory device and / or a mouth cartridge in the formable volume. Alternatively or additionally, the protective device may be designed so that it already has a cartridge for breathing air supply, which may be attached, for example, to an accessible surface of the inner layer. In a further preferred embodiment, a carbon filter, preferably an activated carbon filter, in the protective cover, in particular in the closure flap, be introduced to allow the supply of the breathing air. In this case, a mouthpiece for receiving the breathing air can be additionally attached to the carbon filter.

In a further aspect, the present invention relates to a portable protection device comprising a protection device described herein. Here, the protective device is introduced in folded, reamed, compressed and / or rolled form in an outer packaging, wherein the outer packaging is configured such that the protective device by a person is portable, for example as a backpack or attached to a belt located on the person , In the outer packaging may preferably be a stable plastic fabric, but with the lowest possible weight. In particular, in order to facilitate the simplest possible opening of the portable protective device, the outer packaging may in this case be provided with opening tabs, wherein the opening tabs are configured such that the protective device can be removed from the outer packaging by actuating the opening tabs.

In a particular embodiment, in particular on the surface of the inner layer of the protective cover, preferably in the footwell of the protective cover, markings may be attached, which are adapted to that the protective cover can be removed in a positioning of the person on the markings of the outer packaging. For example, by introducing a color and / or shape-based user guidance introduced in the footwell, the person can be instructed to stand on the markings, whereby the effect can be achieved that the person then pulls up the protective device on all sides of the body and via a fastening mechanism can attach to the shoulders. In this way, a readiness of the protective device from opening the outer packaging to the closure of the protective cover can be made possible within at least 1 minute.

Advantages of the invention

The present protective device has a number of advantages. By using different materials, an emergency sealable, against flue gases, product mist and liquids, flying around explosions splinters and parts largely abschottbare, bivouac-like protection device is created. By means of components integrated in the protective cover, the environmental conditions can be observed and / or monitored, vital elements, in particular water and / or air, can be supplied to the body and it can be communicated with the outside world.

The present protective device is basically set up for a single person. It is suitable for use in a backpack or on a belt. In a particular embodiment for emergency personnel, the formable volume of the protective cover has a high temperature and can therefore only be used with protective clothing and / or protective equipment. In an alternative embodiment for persons to be rescued, the educable volume of the protective cover has a low temperature and can therefore be touched by the person to be rescued on the inside, even when exposed to heat. The protector, unless previously damaged or exposed to direct flame, is reusable and has low weight and volume.

The present protection device allows a longer survival of the person in the formable volume of the protective cover. In addition, a spatial distance can be established and maintained between the person and the typically hot inner side of the protective cover. By a small pack size, the protective device is easily and permanently portable as a protective device. Integrated functional elements, in particular respiratory air filter and / or reservoir, communication means and / or observation means offer further advantages over the prior art.

Brief description of the figures

Embodiments of the present invention are illustrated in the figures and will be explained in more detail in the following description without limiting the generality. Hereby show:

1A and 1B a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of a protective device according to the invention for the protection of a person from heat ( 1A ) and a preferred layer structure of a protective cover of the protective device ( 1B );

2A to 2D two further embodiments of the protective device in two-part design ( 2A ) or in three parts ( 2 B ) and two preferred embodiments for the design of the underside of the protective cover ( 2C and 2D ); and

3A to 3D two embodiments of closable openings in the protective device: a, formed by a shape of the protective cover flap in plan view ( 3A ) or in cross-section ( 3B ) and in the form of a zipper inserted into the protective cover ( 3C and 3D ).

Embodiments of the invention

1A shows schematically, not to scale, a perspective section through an embodiment of a protective device according to the invention 110 to protect a person from the effects of heat 112 , In the heat 112 In this case, a thermal radiation of 100-200 kW / m ^{2 can be} assumed, which can bring about temperatures in the range of 100-300 ° C. For the design of the protective device 110 In contrast, the heat output of a person in the presence of a resting pulse and the limit temperature of humans at a body temperature of 43 ° C are used as a basis. In particular, a so-called "worst-case scenario" can result, in which the limit temperature can be reached after about 15 minutes, while in a so-called "mid-case scenario" the reaching of the limit temperature after 30 minutes is to be expected, the mid-case scenario being a significant part of the expected deployment scenarios for the protective device 110 concerns.

While the embodiment of the protective device 110 in 1A a preferred one-piece design 114 shows are in 2A a particularly preferred two-part design 116 and in 2 B a three-part design 118 shown. The protective device 110 according to the present invention has a universally closable protective cover 120 whose dimensions are preferably chosen such that they are adapted to accommodate exactly one person. This is the protective cover 120 deformable so that they by deformation a volume 122 can educate, the shape and size of which is suitable for receiving exactly one person. As in L. Andersen, so , explained in more detail, this can be preferably assumed by the maximum usual size of emergency services in the field of fire, disaster and explosion protection. to Determining the required volume may also be taken into account that the person, as detailed below, in the protective cover 120 advantageously do not wear protective clothing, but should only enter the protective cover as far as possible in an undressed state or at most in flame-resistant underwear.

• – Länge: 200–250 cm, bevorzugt 220–225 cm;
• – Breite: 100–150 cm, bevorzugt von 120–125 cm, in dem zur Aufnahme des Kopfes und des Rumpfes vorgesehenen Bereich, jedoch nur 50–100 cm, bevorzugt von 60–80 cm, in dem zur Aufnahme der unteren Gliedmaßen vorgesehenen Bereich (Fußraum);
• – Höhe: 50–100 cm, bevorzugt 60–75 cm; und
• – Umfang: 80–125 cm, bevorzugt 100–110 cm,

womit sich für die Fläche der Schutzhülle ein Wert von 2–2,5 m² und den Rauminhalt der Schutzhülle 120 ein Wert von 2500–5000 cm³ in einem unkomprimierten Zustand ergeben können, wobei sich der Rauminhalt durch Vakuumisierung der Schutzhülle 120 auf einen Wert von 100–200 cm³ verringern lässt. Unter Berücksichtigung der unten aufgeführten besonders bevorzugten Materialien für die Schutzhülle kann hierdurch ein Gewicht von 3–3,5 kg für die Schutzhülle 120 angenommen werden.Thus, the protective cover 120 in expanded form preferably have the following dimensions:

• - Length: 200-250 cm, preferably 220-225 cm;
• Width: 100-150 cm, preferably 120-125 cm, in the area intended to receive the head and trunk, but only 50-100 cm, preferably 60-80 cm, in the area intended to receive the lower limbs (floor);
• Height: 50-100 cm, preferably 60-75 cm; and
• - circumference: 80-125 cm, preferably 100-110 cm,

bringing a value of 2-2.5 m ² and the volume of the protective cover for the surface of the protective cover 120 can give a value of 2500-5000 cm ³ in an uncompressed state, whereby the volume content by vacuuming the protective cover 120 to a value of 100-200 cm ³ . Considering the particularly preferred protective cover materials listed below, this can result in a weight of 3-3.5 kg for the protective cover 120 be accepted.

In a further embodiment (not shown), the footwell of the protective device may be configured such that, in analogy to a romper suit, it may allow for greater legroom, thereby allowing the person to move slowly from one potentially unsafe place to another To move, probably safer place without having to leave the safety guard. Alternatively, an expression of the footwell can be done in analogy to a pant leg shape, whereby a possible movement of the person can be facilitated.

The protective device 110 each has an upper side 124 and a bottom 126 on, with the bottom 126 the top 124 is arranged opposite. The top 124 This essentially corresponds to a surface which is set up so that it can withstand the effects of heat 112 facing and thus can be acted upon by heat radiation, flames and smoke, while the bottom 126 is configured such that it is as a support on a pad 128 suitable. As a base 128 for the support of the protective device 110 In particular, a floor, such as a natural ground in the forest, field or park, or an artificially produced soil, such as a concrete floor, be expected. When applying the protective device 110 with the bottom 126 on the pad 128 can thus only the top 124 the protective device 110 or part of it for an outside viewer to be visible while the bottom 126 as completely as possible on the documents 128 can rest.

As in 1A further illustrated, has the protective cover 120 in this embodiment, both at the top 124 the protective device 110 as well as at the bottom 126 the protective device 110 over a layer structure 130 , which take the form of three consecutive layers 132 . 134 . 136 is designed. Consequently, the protective cover comprises 120 an outer layer 132 , one to the outer layer 132 adjacent middle layer 134 and one to both the middle layer 134 as well as the formable volume 122 adjacent inner layer 136 , While the outer layer 132 has a non-flammable, heat radiation reflective material, have the middle layer 134 via a solid, heat-insulating material and the inner layer 136 a material designed to prevent the person from burning. Preferred materials for the layers 132 . 134 . 136 are used in the following description 1B shown.

As already mentioned, the protective cover 120 set up so that they through the protective cover 120 malleable volumes 122 can close off on all sides. In the case of in 1A illustrated one-piece design 114 this can be the protective cover 120 be formed in such a way that the formable volume 122 completely surrounds, with the protective cover 120 in the present embodiment, a seam 138 may have, which at least two ends of the flat surface executed protective cover 120 in a region of a joint edge can firmly connect with each other. As a preferred material for the seam 138 In this case, a twist of a temperature-resistant material, in particular of an aramid, which are also called polyaramides or aromatic polyamides, are used. Aramids include polyamides having amide groups attached to aromatic groups, in particular poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA, trade name: Kevlar, Twaron) and poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMPI, trade name: Nomex, Teijinconex).

In particular, in contrast to the protective device according to L. Andersen, so , has the protective cover 120 according to 1A at the top 124 via no seam, but is designed continuously in the form of as possible a single surface. This seamless design of the top 124 the protective device 110 causes in an advantageous manner, that seams, possibly as thermal bridges in the protective cover 120 serve and thus the Protective effect of the protective device 110 could be largely avoided. So that the person despite the all-sided closeability of the protective cover shown here 120 nevertheless in that by the protective cover 120 malleable volumes 122 arrive and / or get out of the volume again 122 can go, the protective device 110 have suitable closable openings. Embodiments of advantageous closable openings, which in the protective cover 120 can be introduced can be found in the 3A to 3D ,

1B shows schematically, also not to scale, a cross section through a particularly preferred embodiment of the layer structure 130 the protective device according to the invention 110 , which in this preferred embodiment respectively for the top 124 in the 1A . 2A and 2 B illustrated embodiments can be used.

• – Metallfolie 140: Aluminiumfolie, Dicke 10–50 µm, bevorzugt 20–25 µm, Flächendichte 50–75 g/m², alternativ sind eine Goldfolie oder eine Kupferfolie denkbar;
• – erste Klebeschicht 142: Silikonkleber, Flächendichte 10–50 g/m², bevorzugt 20–25 g/m², bis ca. 250–300 °C flexibel, durch Auftreten eines keramikbildenden Effekts temperaturbeständig bis ca. 1500–2000 °C; und
• – erstes Trägergewebe 144: Glasfaser-Trägergewebe, Flächendichte 150–250 g/m².

As already mentioned, the outer layer points 132 the layer structure 130 a non-flammable, heat radiation reflecting material, preferably in the form of a metal-clad carrier web. In this particularly preferred exemplary embodiment, the metal-laminated carrier fabric has a respective layer of a metal foil 140 , a first adhesive layer 142 and a first carrier fabric 144 which are mounted on top of each other. In particular, the following materials can be used:

• - metal foil 140 : Aluminum foil, thickness 10-50 μm, preferably 20-25 μm, areal density 50-75 g / m ² , alternatively a gold foil or a copper foil is conceivable;
• - first adhesive layer 142 : Silicone adhesive, areal density 10-50 g / m ² , preferably 20-25 g / m ² , up to approx. 250-300 ° C flexible, temperature-resistant up to approx. 1500-2000 ° C due to the occurrence of a ceramic-forming effect; and
• - first carrier fabric 144 : Fiberglass backing, areal density 150-250 g / m ² .

As already mentioned, the middle layer has 134 the layer structure 130 a solid insulation layer 146 , preferably in the form of a solid, heat-insulating material. The insulation layer 146 has in the in 1B shown, preferred embodiment of a nonwoven, which has a loop structure. Particularly suitable for this purpose are temperature-resistant, effect-textured glass yarns which preferably have regular loops which ensure that the insulation layer 146 has a certain elasticity, are provided. The surface density of the insulating layer so executed 146 can hereby assume a value of 500-750 g / m ² , in particular of 600-650 g / m ² . Alternatively, the insulation layer 146 have at least two insulating mat structures (not shown), which in each case in the form of a metal foil 140 executed separating layer can be spatially separated from each other. Particularly preferably, three insulating mat structures may be present, in each case by an aluminum foil, gold foil or copper foil, which may have a thickness of 10 .mu.m to 50 .mu.m, preferably 20 .mu.m to 25 .mu.m, each separated. Due to the metal foil used as a separating layer 140 so can the thermal conductivity of the protective cover 120 reduce further.

• – ein über Hohlkammern verfügendes, nicht-brennbares Schichtmaterial,
• – ein Kristallwasser aufweisendes Material,
• – Blähgraphit, oder
• – ein weiteres metallkaschiertes Trägergewebe, bevorzugt wie oben beschrieben.

Other types of solid insulation layers 146 are however conceivable, in particular

• A non-combustible layer material having hollow chambers,
• A material containing crystal water,
• - Expanded graphite, or
• - Another metal-clad carrier fabric, preferably as described above.

Here, the material having a water of crystallization may preferably be an active cooling of the protective cover 120 cause, by in the material bound water of crystallization escape above a certain temperature from the material, in this way the protective cover 120 Deprive energy and so to reduce the temperature in the formable volume 122 can lead. Alternatively or additionally, in the middle layer 134 Existing expandable graphite an extension of the protective cover 120 cause so also to a reduction of the temperature in the formable volume 122 contribute.

• – metallisierte Kunststofffolie 148: aluminiumisierte Polyesterfolie; Flächendichte 5–15 g/m²;
• – zweite Klebeschicht 150: Schmelzkleber, Flächendichte 5–10 g/m²; und
• – zweites Trägergewebe 152: temperaturbeständiges Faserträgergewebe, Flächendichte 50–100 g/m².

As mentioned above, the inner layer is facing 136 the layer structure 130 a material which is designed to prevent combustion of the person, preferably a metal-laminated plastic fabric, in particular in the form of a metallized plastic film 148 , which by means of a second adhesive layer 150 on a designated second carrier fabric 152 applied: For this purpose, preferably the following materials can be used:

• - metallized plastic film 148 : aluminumized polyester film; Area density 5-15 g / m ² ;
• - second adhesive layer 150 : Hotmelt adhesive, areal density 5-10 g / m ² ; and
• - Second carrier fabric 152 : temperature-resistant fiber carrier fabric, surface density 50-100 g / m ² .

Thus, the layer structure 130 the protective cover 120 , without any additional layers, a total thickness of 10-50 mm, preferably from 20-50 mm, a surface density of 250-500 g / m ² , preferably 300-400 g / m ² , have.

In the particularly preferred embodiment according to 1B is inside the inner layer 136 another layer provided, which has a hollow chambers, non-combustible layer material 154 includes. The location of the layer material 154 can here, as in the preferred embodiment according to 1B shown, between two, the inner layer forming layers, such as between the second carrier fabric 152 and the second adhesive layer 150 for the metallized plastic film 148 be introduced. Alternatively or additionally, the position of the layer material 154 also, adjacent to the imageable volume 122 , directly to the inner layer 136 connect or between the middle layer 134 and the inner layer 136 be arranged. Preferably by monofilaments, which flat and spiral and / or as a three-dimensional network within the layer material 154 are arranged, can be a time-stable training of air volume 156 in the protective cover 120 achieve. The air volume 156 On the one hand serve as an additional breathing air reservoir with a capacity of 300-750 liters, preferably from 400-600 liters, and on the other hand as an additional insulating body, which is a much lower temperature than the second carrier fabric 152 can have. As a result, even a touch of the protective cover 120 by being in the formable volume 122 Person with bare skin is less likely to cause burns. The layer material 154 can assume a thickness of 100-500 mm and have a low surface density of 5-10 g / m ² . This can be for those around the layer material 154 extended protective cover a total area density of 800-1200 g / m ² , preferably from about 1000 g / m ² result. In an alternative embodiment (not shown), in which can be dispensed with the additional breathing air storage, but the thermal conductivity of the protective cover 120 is to be further reduced, at least two insulating mat structures may be provided by one in the form of a metal foil 140 executed separating layer separated from each other.

• – Abdichtung gegen Rauch (alle genannten Schichten 140 bis 154);
• – Reflektion der Wärmestrahlung (Metallfolie 140 und zweites Trägergewebe 152);
• – Beständigkeit gegen direkte Beflammung (metallkaschiertes Trägergewebe, umfassend die Metallfolie 140, die erste Klebeschicht 142 und das erste Trägergewebe 144);
• – Isolation gegen Wärme (Isolationsschicht 146 und zweites Trägergewebe 152);
• – Speicherung von Luft (Schichtmaterial 154); und
• – Verhinderung der Verbrennung einer Person (metallisierte Kunststofffolie 148 und, insbesondere, Schichtmaterial 154).

The layer structure designed in accordance with the invention 130 is thus set up in particular for a number of functions, wherein the functions listed below are preferably perceived by at least one of the mentioned layers:

• - Sealing against smoke (all layers mentioned 140 to 154 );
• - Reflection of heat radiation (metal foil 140 and second carrier fabric 152 );
• Resistance to direct flame treatment (metal-clad carrier web comprising the metal foil 140 , the first adhesive layer 142 and the first carrier fabric 144 );
• - Insulation against heat (insulation layer 146 and second carrier fabric 152 );
• - Storage of air (layer material 154 ); and
• - Preventing the burning of a person (metallized plastic film 148 and, in particular, coating material 154 ).

In addition, the protective device 110 have at least one device which is intended to be located in the formable volume 122 Person at a distance to the possibly hot protective cover 120 to bring or keep there for as long as possible. In a first embodiment (not shown), this stiffening elements may be present, which in such a way in the protective cover 120 introduced and / or on the protective cover 120 be attached, that thereby the protective cover 120 can be kept in a desired spatial shape. Alternatively or in addition to the layers mentioned 140 to 154 can, as in 1B shown schematically, inside, ie at least one of the formable volume 122 facing point of the layer structure 130 Whole or partial area one layer of a filling material 158 be applied. In the filler 158 it may in particular be a non-woven, ie a textile medium of naturally occurring or, preferably, man-made fibers, which have a low thermal conductivity and thus in the protective cover 120 Existing heat can not easily pass on to the formable volume, whereby there with a low temperature compared to in the inner layer 136 prevailing temperature can be expected. Instead of the filling material 158 can, in an alternative embodiment, at least two insulating mat structures (not shown) may be provided, which by one in the form of a metal foil 140 executed separating layer may each be separated from each other, thereby increasing the thermal conductivity of the protective cover 120 can be further reduced. The thickness of the filler 158 can be chosen so that the distance of the person in the formable volume 122 from the protective cover 120 can be provided and / or maintained. In one possible embodiment, therefore, the filling material 158 have multiple layers or portions that are removable as needed.

2A shows a further embodiment of the protective device 110 in the particularly preferred two-part embodiment 116 , In the in 2A in the form of a cross section shown two-part design 116 has the protective cover 120 over two separate parts in the form of a shell 160 and a lower part 162 , where the top part 160 and the lower part 162 through the seams 138 are firmly connected to each other and are arranged to each other, that together they malleable volumes 122 completely surrounded. In the particularly preferred embodiment shown here, the upper part forms 160 the heat 112 facing top 124 the protective cover 120 and has the in 1A , in particular on the in 1B , Layer structure shown 130 from the three consecutive layers 132 . 134 . 136 while the bottom part 162 the bottom 126 the protective cover forms, which rest on the pad 128 is set up. The lower part 162 this can be the same layer structure 130 like the top part 124 or, more preferably, in an embodiment according to the 2C or 2D be designed.

2 B shows in the form of a cross section a further embodiment of the protective device 110 in the three-part design 118 , The three-part design 118 according to 2 B largely corresponds to the two-part design 116 according to 2A with the difference that the protective cover 120 in the three-part design 118 in addition to the top 160 and the lower part 162 via another separate part in the form of at least one side part 164 features. This can be a single, side part 164 act, which is continuous between the shell 160 and the lower part 162 is arranged, or at least two separate side panels 164 , which in each case at selected places between the upper part 160 and the lower part 162 is inserted. Again, each adjacent parts of the protective cover 120 through the seams 138 are firmly connected to each other and assigned to each other, that they together the formable volume 122 completely enclose. In the case of the three-part design 118 Make sure that the at least one side panel 164 so on the protective cover 120 attached is that - in contrast to the lower part 164 - like the top 124 also at least partially the heat 112 may be exposed and therefore preferably with a corresponding material structure, in particular with the same layer structure 130 like the top part 160 , is provided because a priori is not known whether and at what angle a flame exposure of the protective device 110 and possibly also the at least one side part 164 can occur.

The 2C and 2D show two preferred embodiments for the design of the bottom 162 the protective cover 120 ,

In a first embodiment according to 2C has the bottom 162 over a plastic fabric 166 , in particular a polyester fabric. The polyester fabric may in this case be 60-100 cm, preferably 80-90 cm, wide, have a surface density of areal density of 50-100 g / m ² , preferably of 60-75 g / m ² , and over a thickness of 100-200 μm so that it can assume a mass in the range of only 50-75 g. The underside executed in this way 162 the protective cover 120 Therefore, it can be set up, in particular, for the most effective possible dissipation of heat from the body of the person through the plastic fabric 166 through to the pad 128 to keep the body temperature as low as possible. This advantageous effect can be additionally supported by the in the formable volume 122 person wearing no protective clothing, but only flame-resistant underwear or ideally unclothed. However, the underside executed in this way 162 the protective cover 120 designed in such a way that they are not exposed to the effects of heat 112 should be suspended. The execution according to 2C can therefore be particularly suitable for use with trained personnel, which is designed so that it is the lower part 162 so aligns that the bottom 126 if possible only the base on all sides 128 touched and otherwise from the top 160 is covered, so that the heat 112 only the top 124 can apply.

• – Metallfolie 140: Aluminiumfolie, Dicke 10–50 µm, bevorzugt 20–25 µm, Flächendichte 50–75 g/m², alternativ sind eine Goldfolie oder eine Kupferfolie denkbar;
• – erste Klebeschicht 142: Silikonkleber, Flächendichte 10–50 g/m², bevorzugt 20–25 g/m², bis ca. 250–300 °C flexibel, durch Auftreten eines keramikbildenden Effekts temperaturbeständig bis ca. 1500–2000 °C; und
• – erstes Trägergewebe 144: Glasfaser-Trägergewebe, Flächendichte 150–250 g/m².

In a further embodiment according to 2D has the bottom 162 over a layer structure 168 which has the following layers arranged on one another:

• - metal foil 140 : Aluminum foil, thickness 10-50 μm, preferably 20-25 μm, areal density 50-75 g / m ² , alternatively a gold foil or a copper foil is conceivable;
• - first adhesive layer 142 : Silicone adhesive, areal density 10-50 g / m ² , preferably 20-25 g / m ² , up to approx. 250-300 ° C flexible, temperature-resistant up to approx. 1500-2000 ° C due to the occurrence of a ceramic-forming effect; and
• - first carrier fabric 144 : Fiberglass backing, areal density 150-250 g / m ² .

• – Abdichtung gegen Rauch (alle genannten Schichten 140 bis 144);
• – Reflektion der Wärmestrahlung (Metallfolie 140);
• – Beständigkeit gegen direkte Beflammung (Schichtaufbau 168, umfassend die Metallfolie 140, die erste Klebeschicht 142 und das erste Trägergewebe 144); und
• – Wärmeableitung, insbesondere durch Auflage auf der Unterlage 128.

This corresponds to the layer structure 168 the bottom 162 the outer layer of the layer structure 130 the top 160 , Consequently, the thus configured layer structure 168 for a set of functions, which is preferably perceived by the following layers:

• - Sealing against smoke (all layers mentioned 140 to 144 );
• - Reflection of heat radiation (metal foil 140 );
• - Resistance to direct flame treatment (layer structure 168 comprising the metal foil 140 , the first adhesive layer 142 and the first carrier fabric 144 ); and
• - Heat dissipation, in particular by resting on the substrate 128 ,

The execution according to 2D may be particularly suitable for persons who are not particularly in the use of the present protective device 110 are formed. In this group of people it can be assumed that the person is the underside 126 the protective device 110 not positioned so that the bottom 126 if possible only the base on all sides 128 touched and otherwise from the top 160 is concealed, and / or during their stay in the protective device 110 moved so that the bottom at least temporarily from the heat 112 can be applied.

To the person despite the here all-sided closeability of the protective cover 120 nevertheless allow it to pass through the protective cover 120 malleable volumes 122 arrive and / or get back out of the educable volume 122 can remove the protective device 110 preferably via at least one, introduced into the protective cover, closable opening 170 feature. In the 3A to 3D are two different preferred designs for the closable opening 170 shown.

The 3A and 3B show one, by a shape of the protective cover 120 formed flap 172 in top view on top 124 the protective cover ( 3A ) or in a cross section along in 3A marked line AA ( 3B ). In this particularly preferred embodiment forms the known, for example from the field of backpacks flap 172 the desired opening 170 made out by an overlap of ends 174 the protective cover 120 Both an open state and a closable state of the protective cover 120 can train. For ease of use, the ends can 174 the flap 172 with tabs 176 be provided. A material overlap achievable in this way can thus lead to both the closeability of the protective cover on all sides 120 as well as a possibility of entering and / or leaving the protective cover 120 contribute through the person. As long as the flap 170 , depending on the ambient conditions, can still remain open, the at least partially open flap 172 for monitoring the environment of the protective device 110 be used while the protective device 110 the person, apart from her close to the flap 172 located head, can largely protect.

In addition, as in 3A shown schematically, at a point in the protective cover 120 , preferably in the region of the closure flap 172 , a breathing air filter 178 be introduced. Preferably, the breathing air filter 178 have a charcoal filter, preferably an activated carbon filter, which is adapted to allow the person to be supplied with breathing air. In addition, this can be done to the breathing air filter 178 a mouthpiece (not shown) for receiving the breathing air may be attached by the person. Alternatively or additionally, the person may wear a breathing apparatus, a rebreather and / or a mouth cartridge in the formable volume 122 take. Alternatively or additionally, the protective device 110 be designed so that it already has a cartridge for breathing air supply, which, for example, of the formable volume 122 can be accessible from.

As continues in 3A shown schematically, can be another location in the protective cover 120 , preferably in the region of the closure flap 172 , an isolated, sealed breakthrough 180 be introduced. The breakthrough 180 This can especially for carrying an antenna through the protective cover 120 which is particularly due to the effect of in the outer layer of the protective cover 120 located metal foil 140 has an effect of a Faraday cage, may be established. In this way, it can be in the formable volume 120 Nevertheless, a person can still communicate via radio with the outside world.

The in 3B schematically illustrated cross section along the line AA shows the one-piece design 114 the protective device 110 , However, it is just as possible, the cap 172 also in the particularly preferred two-part design 116 or in the three-part design 118 to use.

The 3C and 3D show a, further preferred embodiment of the opening 170 which is here in the form of a protective case 120 incorporated zipper 182 is executed. Alternatively, several zips can 180 in the protective cover 120 be introduced. It may be particularly advantageous if, as 3C shows the zipper 182 laterally in particular at a coupling point between the top and 124 the bottom 126 the protective device 110 is introduced. Alternatively, the zipper can 182 also in the bottom 126 the protective device 110 be introduced. In a particularly preferred embodiment, in this case, a cover that can preferably be attached to the protective cover can be used 184 be provided, which may be set up and configured to thereby an area 186 in which the zipper is 182 is to cover against the environment.

The present invention further relates to a portable protective device (not shown) in which the protective device 110 is introduced in folded, reamed, compressed and / or rolled form in an outer packaging. Preferably, the outer packaging is in this case configured such that the protective device is portable by a person, for example as a backpack or to a the person's belt attached. In the outer packaging may preferably be a stable plastic fabric with the least possible weight.

In particular, in order to make it possible to open the portable protective device as simply as possible, the outer packaging can in this case be provided with opening tabs, wherein the opening tabs are set up such that the protective device 110 can be removed by pressing the opening tabs from the outer packaging.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

110

 guard

112

 heat effect

114

 one-piece design

116

 two-piece design

118

 three-part design

120

 cover

122

 imageable volume

124

 top

126

 bottom

128

 Overlay (bottom)

130

 layer structure

132

 outer layer

134

 middle layer

136

 inner layer

138

 seam

140

 metal foil

142

 first adhesive layer

144

 first carrier fabric

146

 solid insulation layer

148

 metallized plastic film

150

 second adhesive layer

152

 second carrier fabric

154

 layer material

156

 air volume

158

 filling material

160

 top

162

 lower part

164

 side panel

166

 Plastic fabric

168

 layer structure

170

 opening

172

 cap

174

 end up

176

 tabs

178

 Breathing air filter

180

 breakthrough

182

 zipper

184

 cover

186

 Area

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• US 4856436 A [0003]

Cited non-patent literature

• L. Andersen, The Development and Implementation of an Improved Fire Shelter for Wildland Firefighters, The 3rd International Wildland Fire Conference, 2003, Sydney, Australia [0004]
• L. Andersen, so [0026]
• L. Andersen, so [0039]
• L. Andersen, so [0045]

Claims (15)

Protective device ( 110 ) to protect a person from the effects of heat ( 112 ), comprising a universally closable protective cover ( 120 ), arranged to receive the person in a through the protective cover ( 120 ) formable volume ( 122 ), the protective device ( 110 ) at least one top side ( 124 ) and one of the top ( 124 ) oppositely arranged underside ( 126 ), wherein at least the underside ( 126 ) to rest on a base ( 128 ), the protective cover ( 120 ) at least at the top ( 124 ) of the protective device ( 110 ) a layer structure ( 130 ), at least comprising an outer layer ( 132 ), one to the outer layer ( 132 ) adjacent middle layer ( 134 ) and one to the middle layer ( 134 ) and to the formable volume ( 122 ) adjacent inner layer ( 136 ), wherein - the outer layer ( 132 ) a non-flammable, heat radiation reflecting material, - the middle layer ( 134 ) a solid insulation layer ( 146 ) and - the inner layer ( 136 ) comprises a material designed to prevent incineration of the person. Protective device ( 110 ) according to the preceding claim, wherein the protective cover ( 120 ) at least at the top ( 124 ) of the protective device ( 110 ) is seamlessly designed. Protective device ( 110 ) according to the preceding claim, wherein the protective cover ( 120 ) is integrally formed and the formable volume ( 122 ) or where the protective cover ( 120 ) at least two separate parts ( 160 . 162 . 164 ), which are interconnected and together form the formable volume ( 122 completely surrounded. Protective device ( 110 ) according to the preceding claim, wherein a part of the at least two separate parts ( 160 . 162 . 164 ) of the protective cover the underside ( 126 ) of the protective device ( 110 ), the underside ( 126 ) comprises a plastic fabric or a metal-laminated carrier fabric. Protective device ( 110 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one closable opening ( 170 ) in the protective cover ( 120 ) is introduced, wherein the opening ( 170 ) for receiving the person in the through the protective cover ( 120 ) formable volumes ( 122 ), the opening ( 170 ) as a by a form of the protective cover ( 120 ) formed flap ( 172 ) and / or as one in the protective cover ( 120 ) zipper ( 182 ), wherein the opening ( 170 ) in the bottom ( 126 ) of the protective device ( 110 ) or laterally between the top ( 124 ) and the underside ( 126 ) of the protective device ( 110 ) is introduced. Protective device ( 110 ) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the outer layer ( 132 ) has a metal-laminated carrier fabric. Protective device ( 110 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the solid insulating layer ( 146 ) of the middle layer ( 134 ) comprises at least one material selected from a group comprising - at least two, by a metal foil ( 140 ), in each case separate, insulating mat structures, - a web having a loop structure, - a non-combustible layer material having hollow chambers, - a material comprising water of crystallization, - expanded graphite, and - another metal-coated carrier fabric. Protective device ( 110 ) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the inner layer ( 136 ) has a metal-laminated plastic fabric. Protective device ( 110 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the inner layer ( 136 ) on at least one of the formable volumes ( 122 ) facing a layer of a filling material ( 158 ) is applied. Protective device ( 110 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective cover ( 120 ) also has mechanical stiffening elements. Protective device ( 110 ) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a protective sheath ( 120 ) inserted breathing air filter ( 178 ), designed to supply the person with breathing air, and / or into the protective cover ( 120 ) isolated, sealed breakthrough ( 180 ) adapted for passing an antenna through the protective cover ( 120 ). Protective device ( 110 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein an area provided for receiving lower limbs of the person in the area covered by the protective sheath ( 120 ) formable volume ( 122 ) is configured such that the protective device ( 110 ) by movement of the lower limbs of the person locatable with respect to the pad ( 128 ). Portable protective device comprising a protective device ( 110 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the protective device ( 110 ) in folded, gathered, compressed and / or rolled Form is placed in an outer packaging, wherein the outer packaging is designed such that the protective device ( 110 ) is portable by a person. Portable protective device according to the preceding claim, wherein the outer packaging is provided with opening tabs, wherein the opening tabs are arranged such that the protective device can be removed by actuation of the opening tabs from the outer packaging. A portable protective device according to the preceding claim, wherein on the inner layer of the protective cover ( 120 ) are mounted in a region adapted to receive lower limbs of the person in such a way that when the person is placed on the markings the protective cover ( 120 ) of the outer packaging can be removed.

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