DE102016121940A1 - Marking element, textile-reinforced concrete with marking element and method for producing a textile-reinforced concrete with marking element - Google Patents

Abstract

A marking element (10, 40), a textile-reinforced concrete (30) with marking elements (10, 40) and a method for producing a textile-reinforced concrete (30) with marking elements (10, 40) are described, wherein a first part (12) a first marking element (10) is placed on a flat surface and the first part (12) rests on spacer elements (14) on the surface. Subsequently, a first textile reinforcement (34) is placed on the first part (12) and a second part (16) of the at least one first marking element (10) placed on the first part (12), wherein spacer elements (18) of the second part (16 ) are connected to the first part (12). Thereafter, a first concrete layer is introduced, wherein the concrete layer is introduced from the flat surface to the second, flat section (20) of the at least one first marking element (10).

Description

A marking element, a textile-reinforced concrete with marking element and a method for producing a textile-reinforced concrete with marking elements are described.

A reinforced concrete has reinforced steel reinforced concrete the advantage of lower weight and a lower height with the same load capacity. For this purpose, textile mats or fabrics are covered with liquid or viscous concrete and then cured. Analogous to steel reinforced concrete an alignment of the textile reinforcements during manufacture must be ensured. To achieve this, it is known to arrange spacers on a base, for example, a formwork and then attach a textile reinforcement to the spacers. This ensures that the textile reinforcement is completely surrounded by concrete. About these spacers, it is also possible to keep at least two layers of a textile reinforcement spaced from each other.

Such a spacer for insertion into a manufactured with a base material component with integrated textile reinforcement is, for example DE 10 2012 025 629 A1 known.

An essential aspect in the production of textile-reinforced concrete is the introduction of liquid or viscous concrete during manufacture. In particular, textile-reinforced concrete is distinguished from reinforced concrete in that lower heights of concrete elements can be achieved. Accordingly, less concrete is used, with the difficulty arises to realize a precise quantitative introduction.

In particular, it should be ensured that the finished concrete part has a defined height. To achieve this, for example, a formwork can be used which has the exact height. Excess concrete can then be smoothed and removed.

In contrast, the object is to provide a textile-reinforced concrete, a method for producing a textile reinforced concrete and an aid therefor, which allow a formation of a textile-reinforced concrete with a defined height.

The above-mentioned object is achieved by a marking element having the technical features specified in claim 1, by a textile-reinforced concrete having the technical features specified in claim 9 and by a method having the technical features specified in claim 14. Advantageous developments are specified in the dependent claims in detail.

• - ein erstes Teil sich in einer Ebene erstreckt und an einer Unterseite mindestens ein Distanzelement aufweist, über welches das erste Teil auf einer sich parallel zum ersten Teil erstreckenden Fläche aufsetzbar ist,
• - ein zweites Teil einen ersten Abschnitt mit Abstandselementen und einen zweiten flächigen Abschnitt aufweist,
• - die Abstandselemente an einem unteren Ende mit dem ersten Teil verbindbar und an einem oberen Ende mit dem zweiten flächigen Abschnitt verbunden sind, und
• - der zweite flächige Abschnitt im verbundenen Zustand des zweiten Teils mit dem ersten Teil parallel zu dem ersten Teil ausgerichtet ist.

A marking element for a textile reinforced concrete, which solves the above object, consists of at least two parts which are connectable to each other, wherein

• a first part extends in a plane and has at least one spacer element on a lower side over which the first part can be placed on a surface extending parallel to the first part,
• a second part has a first section with spacer elements and a second planar section,
• - The spacer elements are connectable at a lower end to the first part and connected at an upper end to the second flat portion, and
• - The second planar portion is aligned in the connected state of the second part with the first part parallel to the first part.

The marking element can be used to indicate a filling level for a liquid or viscous concrete, which is introduced, for example, in a formwork.

The marking element can be used both in the use of liquid and viscous or conventional concrete. Conventional concrete may spread by shaking (compacting) in the surface. The marking elements described herein can therefore also be used to indicate a filling level to be achieved in such a concrete. If the term below refers to liquid concrete, this should not be interpreted as a restriction. As stated, other types of concrete can also be used. The term "liquid" is intended to indicate, in particular, that the introduced concrete is not yet set.

In the production of textile-reinforced concrete parts, for example, a plurality of marking elements can be arranged uniformly on a base of a formwork. Here, first the first parts of marking elements are placed on the flat surface. Subsequently, a textile reinforcement is placed on the first parts, wherein the textile reinforcement is aligned over the at least one spacer element of the marking elements spaced from the base. A textile reinforcement is, for example, a mat of fibers that are interwoven, misplaced or forfeited. The fibers may be monofilaments or multifilaments. The fibers can be, for example, plastic, carbon or glass fibers. Then be the second parts are placed on the first parts of the marking elements. The second planar sections of the marking elements then lie in one plane and define the maximum filling height for the concrete. Because they extend over a flat area, a simple indication for the introduction of concrete is provided. For example, in the case of punctiform elevations which indicate a maximum height, reaching the maximum fill level would be much more difficult to discern. The planar design of the second section, however, allows a safe and simple perception and display. When introducing a concrete, for example, the second surface portion after curing or setting of the concrete may still be visible or not visible.

In the marking element can also be provided only a spacer element. In such embodiments, the marking element can be embodied, for example, as a conical geometry standing on the tip, tilting being prevented by the marking element being connected to the textile reinforcement. The upper end of such a marking element has a flat portion and thus provides a relatively large marking surface over which the maximum height for the concrete to be introduced is displayed.

Furthermore, it is possible to first attach marking elements to a textile reinforcement and then to introduce the composite of marking elements and textile reinforcement into a formwork. Then the concrete is introduced.

In further embodiments, for example, at least two spacer elements can be provided, which are designed such that substantially a storage of the marking elements takes place via three points in the plane, which is defined by the flat surface. For this purpose, for example, at least one spacer element may be U-shaped and placed over the two lower legs on the flat surface. Alternatively, the spacer elements may also be pin-shaped and placed only substantially over a point on the flat surface. The connection of the second part with the first part can be made detachable or non-detachable. For example, the second part can be placed only on the first part, with a subsequent lifting of the second part is possible. In further embodiments, the second part can also be connected to the first part so that it is difficult or impossible, i. only by damage or destruction of components of the marking element, can be separated again from the first part.

The formation of the spacer elements and their storage on the flat surface over, for example, at least three points of support ensure that when introducing liquid or viscous concrete, the marking elements are not tilted or shifted. About the spacer elements, which also serve as stand elements, so that a secure position is provided. In addition, the spacer elements are intended to ensure a suitable distance for a textile reinforcement, which rests on the first part.

The first part and the second area section may have a round and / or an angular shape. These shapes include, for example, circular shapes, elliptical shapes, oval shapes, rectangular shapes and square shapes, as well as polygonal shapes or a mixture of shapes. In further embodiments, the first part and the second area section have a substantially round shape.

The first part and the second surface portion may have an opening that extends substantially centrally in the circular and / or angular shape. Preferably, the first part and the second planar portion are thus formed as a frame or ring.

The diameter, the length and / or the width of the first part may be larger, smaller or the same size as the diameter, the length and / or the width of the second areal section. Preferably, the first part and the second planar portion are annular, wherein the ring of the second planar portion is larger, smaller or equal to the size of the ring of the first part.

In further embodiments, spacer elements are arranged on the underside such that overturning of the marking element is prevented. The number and design of the spacer elements can therefore be different.

In further embodiments, three spacer elements are arranged on the underside of the first part, whose distance from each other is substantially equal and / or the second part has three spacers whose distance from each other is substantially equal. About three spacers secure storage of the marking element can be provided on a flat surface, with no tilting occurs during the introduction of liquid or viscous concrete. The provision of three spacer elements also makes it possible, for example, to store further textile reinforcements securely on the second areal section, without resulting in a displacement of the second areal section. In other versions, the concrete is introduced until it reaches the level of reached second flat section. Subsequently, a second reinforcement can be placed on this concrete layer, for example. Basically, the second surface section serves as a "calibration mark" over which the filling level is displayed. At the same time, the calibration mark or the second planar section can also serve as a support. This is due to the fact that the second flat sections and the concrete layer, on which, for example, another textile reinforcement is applied, lie in one plane.

In particular, further parts can be placed on the second part, so that a pyramidal or tower-like design of the marking elements results. With three spacers, the storage of the other parts can be provided safely - without tilting. In further embodiments, a third part can be placed on the second part, which also has spacer elements and a flat second section. This makes it possible to take several textile reinforcements and keep them at a defined distance from one another, wherein the maximum filling level for liquid or viscous concrete is displayed above the uppermost second area section of another part.

In addition, the spacer elements can have holding sections, via which the spacer elements can be connected to the first part, and / or the first part can have receiving sections, via which the first part can be connected to the spacer elements. Holding portions may be formed, for example, by cuts, which bear against the inside of an annular first part. In this case, further sections of the spacer elements rest on the annular first part. In further embodiments, the spacer elements may also have pins, grooves or other elements that can be inserted into corresponding receiving openings in the first part. In addition, latching hooks or other locking means can be provided, which ensure a secure connection of the first part with the second part.

The first part and / or the second part may be made of plastic. In further embodiments, the plastic comprises glass fibers, rock fibers and / or carbon fibers. Rock fibers may be, for example, basalt fibers. As a result, very light and resilient marking elements are provided. In further embodiments, the plastic of the first part and / or the second part may also contain other fibers which provide an improvement in the load capacity of the marking elements. The load capacity refers not only to mechanical effects but also, for example, to chemical effects.

The above object is also achieved by a textile-reinforced concrete with at least one marking element of the variants described above, wherein on the first part a textile reinforcement rests and the concrete in the concrete layer of a parallel to the first part of the marking element extending surface on which the spacer elements rest, extends to the second, planar portion.

The maximum fill level for the concrete is displayed via at least one marking element or the second areal section of the marking element. In this case, the concrete may extend to the upper edge of the second flat portion or shortly beyond.

A textile-reinforced concrete may have a plurality of marking elements, wherein the spacer elements of at least one further marking element have a greater height than the spacer elements of a first marking element. This makes it possible to apply an additional textile reinforcement to the concrete layer and / or the second planar section of the at least one first marking element, the maximum filling level then being displayed via the at least one further marking element or its second planar section, wherein the spacing elements of the further Marking element have a greater height than the spacer elements of the first marking element and thereby the second planar portion of the further marking element with respect to the flat base on which the spacer elements stand, a greater distance.

On the second areal section of the at least one first marking element and / or the second, areal section of the at least one further marking element, whose spacing elements have a greater height than the spacing elements of the at least one first marking element, as well as the concrete layers marked accordingly in relation to their height At least one further textile reinforcement can rest. For example, a third textile reinforcement, a fourth textile reinforcement, a fifth textile reinforcement, etc. may be introduced, wherein a textile reinforcement can be applied to the second planar sections or the progressively introduced concrete layers, which are introduced up to the second planar sections. In further embodiments, the spacers of different marking elements have different heights, so that textile reinforcements with different distances to each other can be kept safe and only identically formed second parts on the differently shaped first parts of Marking elements are placed. Such an embodiment requires that the other marking elements are placed with higher spacers only after the placement of textile reinforcements on the first parts of marking elements, which have a lower height. In this case, the number of textile reinforcements can be designed arbitrarily, wherein the maximum height of the concrete to be introduced is displayed on the flat second portion of the marking element, which has the greatest distance to a flat surface. The variant described above likewise results as a possible embodiment for the methods described below for producing a textile-reinforced concrete with marking elements.

A textile reinforcement may in other embodiments comprise fibers that are woven, laid and / or forfeited. For example, glass fibers, carbon fibers or plastic fibers are used. Also, textile reinforcements with organic fibers are known, which can also be used.

The spacer elements, which are placed on the first parts of marking elements, in particular, intervene between the interwoven, laid or forged fibers.

• - Aufsetzen eines ersten Teils mindestens eines ersten Markierungselements auf einer ebenen Fläche, wobei das erste Teil über mindestens ein Distanzelement auf der Fläche aufliegt,
• - Auflegen einer ersten Textilbewehrung auf das erste Teil des mindestens einen ersten Markierungselements,
• - Aufsetzen des zweiten Teils des mindestens einen ersten Markierungselements, wobei die Abstandselemente mit dem ersten Teil verbunden werden, und
• - Einbringen einer ersten Betonschicht, wobei die Betonschicht ausgehend von der ebenen Fläche bis zum zweiten flächigen Abschnitt des mindestens einen ersten Markierungselements eingebracht wird.

The above object is also achieved by a method for producing a textile-reinforced concrete having at least one marking element of the variants described above, the method having the following steps:

• Placing a first part of at least one first marking element on a flat surface, wherein the first part rests on the surface via at least one spacer element,
• Placing a first textile reinforcement on the first part of the at least one first marking element,
• - placing the second part of the at least one first marking element, wherein the spacer elements are connected to the first part, and
• - Introducing a first concrete layer, wherein the concrete layer is introduced, starting from the flat surface to the second planar portion of the at least one first marking element.

The method makes it possible to achieve an exact height for a textile-reinforced concrete, whereby the liquid or viscous concrete is introduced only up to the upper mark ("calibration mark"), formed by the second flat portion of the marking element. Due to the planar design of the second section, in particular an annular formation, the maximum filling height can be easily determined. Subsequent removal of concrete may be omitted, for example. As a result, less concrete is used for the production of textile-reinforced concrete parts and the production time is significantly reduced by the fact that can be dispensed with a subsequent removal of excess concrete. This also reduces the costs for the production of textile-reinforced concrete parts. In addition, formwork with different heights can be used without the formwork setting the height of the finished textile-reinforced concrete part.

After the introduction of the first concrete layer, a second textile reinforcement can be placed on the introduced concrete, which was introduced up to the second planar section of the at least one first marking element, as long as the concrete of the first concrete layer is not yet cured or setting.

Subsequently, a second concrete layer can be applied to the second textile reinforcement, as long as the concrete of the first concrete layer is not yet cured or setting. In particular, this ensures a secure connection of the concrete layers with each other. An introduction of a second concrete layer may be necessary, for example, if further marking elements are applied to the second textile reinforcement.

In further embodiments, at least a first part of a further marking element and on the introduced concrete layer, which was introduced up to the first part of the at least one further marking element, a third textile reinforcement are placed on the second textile reinforcement. For this purpose, a second part of the at least one further marking element can be placed on the first part of the at least one further marking element, wherein a second concrete layer is introduced as long as the concrete of the first concrete layer is not yet cured, setting or liquid, and wherein the second concrete layer up to the calibration mark, formed by the second, flat section of the at least one further marking element is introduced.

In this case, in further embodiments, the first part of the at least one further marking element can be placed in the region of a first marking element located thereunder.

In further embodiments, at least in addition to the placement of the first part a first marking element at least a first part of a second marking element are placed on the flat surface, wherein the first textile reinforcement is placed on the first part of the at least one first marking element and the first part of the at least one second marking element. Then the second part of the at least one first marking element is placed on the first part of the at least one first marking element, wherein a second textile reinforcement is placed on the second planar section of the second part of the at least one first marking element and a second part of the at least one second marking element the first part of the at least one second marking element is placed, wherein the spacer elements of the second part of the at least one second marking element have a greater height than the spacer elements of the second part of the at least one first marking element. Subsequently, the concrete of the first concrete layer is introduced up to the second areal section of the at least one second marking element. Analogous to the method already described above, wherein marking element with spacers having a mutually different height, are used to form a textile reinforced concrete with multiple textile reinforcements, the introduction of marking elements with different spacers allows the formation of a textile-reinforced concrete with multiple textile reinforcements, by the marking elements with the spacer elements, which have the greatest height, on the second flat sections, the maximum filling height for the first concrete is displayed.

In addition, in the method, first parts of further marking elements placed on the flat surface and after placing the textile reinforcements second parts of the other marking elements are placed on the first parts of the other marking elements whose spacers have a greater height than the spacer elements of the at least one first marking element and the spacer elements of the at least one second marking element, wherein the concrete is introduced to the second planar portion of at least one further marking element whose spacer elements have the greatest height. As a result, a textile-reinforced concrete can be produced, wherein the function of the display of the maximum filling level for the concrete is still maintained.

In a further embodiment, a second textile reinforcement can be placed on the second planar section of the at least one first marking element, wherein at least one further part is placed on the second planar section of the at least one first marking element. The further part has a first section with spacer elements and a second planar section and the spacer elements of the further part are connectable at a lower end to the second planar section of the second part or an even further part and at an upper end to the second planar section the other part connected. The second planar portion of the further part is aligned in the connected state of the other part with the second part or the still further part parallel to the first part and the concrete of the concrete layer is introduced to the second flat portion of the further part, whose distance from the flat surface is greatest. In this embodiment, tower-like or pyramid-like or cone-like marking elements are used, being held over the respective bearing surfaces, formed by the first part, the second part and further parts textile reinforcements spaced from each other and spaced to a flat base. In addition, the maximum fill level for a liquid or viscous concrete is displayed via the second areal sections of the marking elements which have the greatest height.

In the methods described above, the concrete can be introduced in various steps. However, it is always important that there is a connection and a common curing of the respective concrete layers, wherein the introduction of a further layer of concrete may only take place when the concrete to be joined is not yet cured. Preferably, the introduction of a further layer of concrete as long as the underlying concrete is not yet on setting takes place.

In further embodiments, further marking elements are placed on a first concrete layer, as long as the concrete is not yet setting. By a planar configuration of the first part, the marking elements on the concrete of the first layer of concrete "swim".

In all of the embodiments of textile reinforced concrete structural members described herein, at least a second textile reinforcement may be applied to at least one first concrete layer, the first concrete layer extending to the second planar sections. Since the concrete layers extend to the second sheet sections, second and further textile reinforcements are usually also on the second sheet sections, although these serve primarily as a marker for the introduction of concrete and not as a spacer for the textile reinforcements.

Further advantages, features and design options will become apparent from the following description of the figures of non-limiting embodiments to be understood.

• 1 eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Markierungselements;
• 2 eine Draufsicht auf das Markierungselement von 1;
• 3 eine Seitenansicht des Markierungselements von 1;
• 4 eine Schnittansicht des Markierungselements entlang der Linie A-A;
• 5 eine Schnittansicht des Markierungselements entlang der Linie B-B; und
• 6 eine schematische Darstellung eines textilbewehrten Betons mit verschiedenen Markierungselementen.

In the drawings shows:

• 1 a perspective view of a marking element;
• 2 a plan view of the marking element of 1 ;
• 3 a side view of the marking element of 1 ;
• 4 a sectional view of the marking element along the line AA;
• 5 a sectional view of the marking element along the line BB; and
• 6 a schematic representation of a textile-reinforced concrete with different marking elements.

Parts indicated by like reference characters in the drawings substantially correspond to each other unless otherwise specified. In addition, it does not describe ingredients that are not essential to understanding the teachings disclosed herein.

1 shows a perspective view of a marking element 10 , The marking element 10 consists of a first part 12 and a second part 16 , The first part 12 is designed as a ring and has spacer elements on its underside 14 on. About the spacer elements 14 can be the first part 12 or the ring can be placed on a surface. The formation of the spacer elements 14 is in the 3 and 4 shown in more detail. In further embodiments, the spacer elements 14 be formed otherwise. The spacer elements 14 serve to the ring of the first part 12 spaced to keep a ground. Here are the spacer elements 14 designed so that they lie substantially punctiform on a substrate, so that in a subsequent introduction of concrete, the spacer elements 14 In a finished concrete part, do not occupy a large area on a side wall or floor or wall surface.

The second part 16 has a first section with spacers 18 and a second area section 20 on. The second section 20 is also formed as a ring, wherein the diameter of the second section 20 or the ring smaller than the diameter of the first part 12 is. The spacers 18 are at an upper end fixed to the second section 20 connected and protrude down. The spacers 18 have a holding section 19 over which the spacers 18 and thus the second part 16 in relation to the first part 12 can be held in position. Between the spacers 18 and the first part 12 there is no fixed connection, so the second part 16 on the first part 12 can be put on and taken off again. The formation of the spacer elements 18 and in particular the holding section 19 is in 5 shown.

The marking element 10 points to the bottom of the first part 12 three spacer elements 14 on, which are arranged substantially equidistant from each other. About the three spacer elements 14 will prevent the marking element 10 can tilt. This is a storage of the marking element 10 reached over three points in one level. The marking element 10 also has three spacers 18 on, which also have substantially the same distance from each other.

In further embodiments, not shown, marking elements 10 . 40 also several spacer elements 18 exhibit. Likewise, these can be several spacer elements 14 exhibit. In still other embodiments, marking elements have otherwise formed spacers, the number of which is also less than that in FIG 1 illustrated number of spacers 18 for the marking element 10 is. In addition, instead of spacer elements 14 otherwise distance elements are provided, wherein the number also different than for the marking element 10 from 1 may be less than three. Here, however, it must be ensured that a safe and stable storage of the marking element on a flat surface is possible. Also, a tilting or a displacement of the marking element must not occur when, for example, liquid concrete is introduced into a formwork. Likewise, the marking elements should be stored safely when a viscous concrete is introduced. For example, such spacers are U-shaped, wherein the legs of the U a relatively large distance with respect to the extension of the first part 12 exhibit.

Because the marking element 10 as a marking element for introducing a concrete for a textile-reinforced concrete 30 is provided, the marking element may 10 do not tilt when placing the concrete. Therefore, the formation and arrangement of the spacer elements 14 as well as other spacers crucial for safe storage.

All components of the marking element 10 as well as in 6 shown markers 40 can be made of plastic. Plastics have a low weight and are therefore for a textile-reinforced concrete 30 advantageous. In addition, the marking elements must 10 and 40 absorb no forces, but on the one hand serve to hold at least one textile reinforcement 34 and on the other hand, to indicate a maximum fill level for a liquid or viscous concrete. To the mechanical, chemical and thermal properties of marking elements 10 and 40 In view of their resilience, glass fibers, carbon fibers or other fibers may be included in the plastic. Preferably, non-metallic fibers are used.

2 shows a plan view of the marking element 10 from 1 , As in 2 is the second section 20 who like the first part 12 is formed as a ring, smaller than the first part 12 or points the ring of the second section 20 a smaller diameter than the ring of the first part 12 , The spacer elements 14 and the spacers 18 are each offset by 120 degrees to each other, wherein the spacer elements 18 to the spacer elements 14 each offset by 60 degrees to each other.

The spacers 18 with the holding sections 19 are formed so that the surface over which the holding elements 18 on the first part 12 rest so big is that even at a load of the second section 20 a shift of the second part 16 down in the direction of a base is not possible.

3 shows a side view of the marking element 10 from 1 , 3 clarifies the structure of the marking element 10 , where the second part 16 the spacers 18 and the second area section 20 formed by a ring having. The first part 12 In this embodiment, it comprises both the ring and the spacer elements arranged on the ring 14 , The height of the spacer elements 14 defines the distance of a textile reinforcement 34 to a base over which after the production of a textile-reinforced concrete 30 an outside is formed. A textile reinforcement, for example, on the first part 12 and then the second part 16 placed. textile reinforcements 34 . 36 are usually made of laid, woven or forged fibers, wherein the fibers or fiber strands have a distance from each other. When placing the second part 16 of the marking element 10 on the first part 12 become the spacers 18 through the free areas between the fibers of the textile reinforcements 34 . 36 passed through and on the first part 12 placed. Accordingly, the spacers 18 in their dimensions chosen so that textile reinforcements 34 . 36 can be held without the spacers 18 on the fibers of textile reinforcements 34 . 36 rest. Depending on the textile-reinforced concrete to be produced 30 in view of its thickness and areal extent as well as the number and formation of textile reinforcements 34 . 36 , in particular the formation of the spaces between fibers or fiber strands, the dimensions of marking elements 10 . 40 determined and corresponding marking elements 10 . 40 used. In particular, the diameters of the ring of the first part 12 , the ring of the second section 20 , the height of the spacers 18 and their width, the height of the spacer elements 14 and optionally the width of the first part 12 and the section 20 to determine.

4 shows a sectional view of the marking element 10 along the line AA as in 2 specified. 4 shows that the annular second section 20 and the annular first part 12 essentially the same ring width in the for the marking element 10 Example shown embodiment. However, the ring of the second section points 20 a smaller diameter, so that the ring of the first part 12 with the spacer elements 14 located underneath it can rise over a larger area on a base. This is particularly advantageous when liquid concrete is introduced and a shift of marking elements 10 should be prevented. The marking elements 10 may also have an inverted arrangement in embodiments not shown, wherein the diameter of the annular second portion 20 greater than the diameter of the first part 12 ,

4 further shows an enlarged configuration of the spacer elements 14 , The spacer elements 14 have a socket 22 and a pin attached to it 24 on. The base 22 and the pen 24 For example, can also be made of a metal, wherein the base 22 in comparison to the remaining plastic components of the marking element 10 has a higher weight. As a result, the position of the marking element is when introducing liquid concrete 10 maintained and there is no floating of the marking element 10 , However, as stated above, all components of marking elements 10 . 40 made of plastic or reinforced plastics, with the selection of the concrete used also relevant to the behavior of the marking elements 10 . 40 during insertion.

In the production of a textile-reinforced concrete 30 will be on the first part 12 placed a textile reinforcement. The distance of the textile reinforcement too an outside of the finished concrete part is therefore on the height of the spacer elements 14 and the height of the first part 12 Are defined. The height of the first part 12 is compared to the height of the spacer elements 14 low, but can be taken into account in the planning and production of textile-reinforced concrete parts.

5 shows a sectional view of the marking element 10 along the BB line as in 2 shown. The spacers 18 have a width which is the ring width of the second section 20 equivalent. In addition, the spacers have 18 at its lower end an incision, which serves as a holding section 19 serves. As in 5 shown, there is a small distance between a side wall of the cut of the holding portion 19 and an opposite side wall of the first part 12 , This ensures that the insertion or placement of the second part 16 on the first part 12 done without tilting. The provision of this game allows the second part 16 again, if necessary, and reposition or relocate, so as not to pinch fibers of a textile reinforcement 34 . 36 comes.

In addition, this can be marking elements 10 . 40 mechanically laid. Even with a manual arrangement of marking elements 10 . 40 only minor requirements for alignment of the second parts 16 when putting on the first parts 12 placed so that the touchdown can be done quickly.

6 shows a schematic representation of a textile-reinforced concrete 30 with different marking elements 10 and 40 , 6 shows the finished concrete part, wherein an exemplary section is shown. So can a textile-reinforced concrete 30 have another extension in the longitudinal direction and also in the width direction and another height. Furthermore, textile-reinforced concrete parts can have significantly more marking elements 10, 40 and further marking elements than in FIG 6 shown.

The textile-reinforced concrete 30 from 6 has marking elements 10 and marking elements 40 on, with the marking elements 40 spacers 42 have, which have a much greater height than the spacers 18 the marking elements 10 , The spacers 42 are at their upper end with a second section 44 connected, which is also flat. For example, the second section 44 analogous to the second section 20 the marking elements 10 educated.

In the production of textile-reinforced concrete part in a formwork, the marking elements 10 and 40 placed on the bottom surface of the formwork. The arrangement can be made arbitrarily. For example, solid patterns are used, in particular load points of the finished concrete part can be considered.

When placing the marking elements 10 and 40 be the first parts first 12 the marking elements 10 and 40 applied to the base of the formwork. The first parts 12 the marking elements 10 are essentially the same as the first part 12 the marking elements 40 in their design. After insertion or placement of the first parts 12 on the bottom surface of the formwork is a first textile reinforcement 34 on the first parts 12 hung up. The first textile reinforcement 34 is thereby spaced to a bottom surface, which is a later wall surface of the textile-reinforced concrete 30 trains, holds.

Subsequently, the second parts 16 the marking elements 10 on the correspondingly provided first parts 12 the marking elements 10 set as described above, wherein the holding portions 19 a secure mounting of the second parts 16 on the first parts 12 deploy with game.

Subsequently, a second textile reinforcement 36 on the flat, second sections 20 the marking elements 10 hung up.

Thereafter, the second parts of the marking elements 40 consisting of the annular flat second section 44 and the spacers 42 on the first parts 12 the marking elements 40 mounted, with a storage of the second parts of the marking elements 40 about example holding section with game analogous to the marking elements 10 he follows.

Subsequently, a liquid or viscous concrete is introduced into the formwork, wherein the liquid or viscous concrete is introduced until it reaches the second flat section 44 reached. The second section 44 defines the maximum filling height for a liquid or viscous concrete. About the surface design of the second section 44 and in an analogous manner in other versions with marking elements 10 about the surface configuration of the second section 20 , the maximum filling height is given, whereby a flat design makes an easy gripping possible. For example, it would be much more difficult for a plurality of points, which together define a maximum fill level plane, to detect reaching the maximum fill level. A planar design, for example by a ring, but this allows without much difficulty for untrained operators in filling the Formwork. By the method, a textile-reinforced concrete 30 and further textile-reinforced concrete parts are manufactured, which have a defined height. The concrete layer 32 extending from the base of the formwork to the second sections 44 extends, in particular also on the arrangement of several marking elements 40 be maintained over the entire surface of the concrete part away. In addition, the marking elements allow 10 and 40 a storage of textile reinforcements 34 . 36 so that spacer elements can be dispensed with, as known in the art.

6 shows a textile-reinforced concrete 30 with different highly trained marking elements 10 and 40 , Instead of such marking elements 10 and 40 It is also possible to use marking elements of other design. For example, the first parts 12 the marking elements 40 spacers 14 have, which have a significantly greater height than the spacer elements 14 the marking elements 10 , In this case, then the spacers 42 also have the same height as the spacers 18 the marking elements 10 , wherein also a storage of second textile reinforcements 34 and 36 each other with a distance is possible.

In further embodiments, marking elements may also be stacked on top of each other, with a second part 16 a marking element 10 a third part is placed, the second flat portion has a smaller diameter than the second portion 20 ,

In simple embodiments, only marking elements 10 used, wherein a textile reinforcement is maintained. The distance of the textile reinforcement to the opposite side walls of the textile-reinforced concrete 30 or other precast concrete elements, which are not shown in the figures, can by selecting the heights of the spacers 18 and the spacer elements 14 To be defined.

In addition, in the production of textile reinforced concrete parts, the introduction of a concrete layer in several steps, taking into account that the second parts of different marking elements 10 and 40 can only be safely introduced if the first parts to be connected with it 12 are visible and exposed. In addition, it must be ensured that a compound of the whole concrete of the concrete layer 32 can take place, wherein the introduction of concrete in several steps can only take place when the underlying concrete is not yet on setting.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

marker

12

first part

14

spacer

16

second part

18

spacer

19

holding section

20

second part

22

base

24

pen

30

textile-reinforced concrete

32

concrete layer

34

first textile reinforcement

36

second textile reinforcement

40

marker

42

spacer

44

second part

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102012025629 A1 [0003]

Claims (21)

A marking element for a textile-reinforced concrete, wherein the marking element (10, 40) consists of at least two parts (12, 16) which are connectable to each other, wherein - A first part (12) extends in a plane and at the bottom at least one spacer element (14), via which the first part (12) on a parallel to the first part (12) extending surface is placed, a second part (16) has a first section with spacer elements (18) and a second, flat section (20), - The spacer elements (18) at a lower end with the first part (12) are connectable and connected at an upper end to the second, flat portion (20), and - The second, planar portion (20) in the connected state of the second part (16) with the first part (12) is aligned parallel to the first part (12). Marking element after Claim 1 , wherein the first part (12) and the second, flat portion (20) have a round and / or an angular shape. Marking element after Claim 2 wherein the first part (12) and the second, flat part (20) have an opening which extends substantially in the center in the circular and / or angular shape. Marking element after Claim 2 or 3 wherein the diameter, the length and / or the width of the first part (12) are greater, smaller or equal to the diameter, the length and / or the width of the second, flat portion (20). Marking element according to one of the 1 to 4, wherein - At the bottom of the first part (12) spacer elements (14) are arranged such that a tipping over of the marking element (10, 40) is prevented, and / or - The second part (16) has three spacer elements (18) whose distance from each other is substantially equal. Marking element according to one of Claims 1 to 5 in which - the spacer elements (18) have holding sections (19) via which the spacer elements (18) can be connected to the first part (12), and / or - the first part (12) has receiving sections via which the first part () 12) is connectable to the spacer elements (18). Marking element according to one of Claims 1 to 6 wherein the first part (12) and / or the second part (16) are made of plastic. Marking element after Claim 7 wherein the plastic comprises glass fibers, rock fibers and / or carbon fibers. Textile reinforced concrete with at least one marking element (10, 40) according to one of Claims 1 to 8th and a concrete layer, wherein - on the first part (12) or the concrete layer, a textile reinforcement (34) rests, and - the concrete of the concrete layer of a parallel to the first part (12) of the marking element (10) extending surface, on which Resting spacer elements (14), extends to the second, flat portion (20). Textile Reinforced Concrete Claim 9 , comprising a plurality of marking elements (10, 40), wherein the spacer elements (42) of at least one further marking element (40) have a greater height than the spacer elements (18) of a first marking element (10). Textile Reinforced Concrete Claim 10 , wherein on the second, flat portion (20) of the at least one first marking element (10) and / or the second, flat portion (44) of the at least one further marking element (40) whose spacer elements (42) have a greater height than that Distance elements (18) of the at least one first marking element (10), at least one further textile reinforcement (36) rests. Textile reinforced concrete according to one of the Claims 9 to 11 wherein the textile reinforcement (34, 36) comprises fibers that are interwoven, misplaced or forfeited. Textile Reinforced Concrete Claim 12 , wherein the spacer elements (42) are arranged between the fibers. Method for producing a textile-reinforced concrete having at least one marking element (10; 40) according to one of Claims 1 to 8th comprising the following steps: - placing a first part (12) of at least one first marking element (10) on a flat surface, the first part (12) resting on the surface via at least one spacer element (14), - applying a first textile reinforcement (34) on the first part (12) of the at least one first marking element (10), - placing the second part (16) of the at least one first marking element (10), wherein the Spacer elements (18) are connected to the first part (12), and - introducing a first concrete layer, wherein the concrete layer is introduced from the flat surface to the second, flat portion (20) of the at least one first marking element (10). Method according to Claim 14 wherein, after the introduction of the first concrete layer, a second textile reinforcement (36) is applied to the first concrete layer and / or the second, planar section (20) of the at least one first marking element (10), as long as the concrete of the first concrete layer is not yet set is. Method according to Claim 15 , wherein on the second textile reinforcement (36), a second concrete layer is applied, as long as the concrete of the first concrete layer is not yet on setting. Method according to Claim 15 in which - on the second textile reinforcement (36) at least a first part (12) of a further marking element (10) and on the first part (12) of the at least one further marking element (10) a third textile reinforcement are placed, - a second part ( 16) of the at least one further marking element (10) is placed on the first part (12) of the at least one further marking element (10), - a second concrete layer is introduced as long as the concrete of the first concrete layer is not yet set, and - the second concrete layer to the second, flat portion (20) of the at least one further marking element (10) is introduced. Method according to Claim 17 in which the first part (12) of the at least one further marking element (10) is placed in the region of a first marking element (10) located thereunder. Method according to Claim 14 in which - in addition to the placement of the first part (12) of at least one first marking element (10) at least a first part (12) of a second marking element (40) is placed on the flat surface, - the first textile reinforcement (34) on the first Part (12) of the at least one first marking element (10) and the first part (12) of the at least one second marking element (40) is placed on, - the second part (16) of the at least one first marking element (10) on the first part (10) 12) of the at least one first marking element (10) is placed, - on the second, flat portion (20) of the second part (16) of the at least one first marking element (10) a second textile reinforcement (16) is placed, - a second part the at least one second marking element (40) is placed on the first part (12) of the at least one second marking element (40), - the spacer elements (42) of the second part of the at least one z wide marking element (40) have a greater height than the spacer elements (18) of the second part (16) of the at least one first marking element (10), and - the concrete of the first concrete layer to the second, flat portion (44) of the at least one second Marking element (40) is introduced. Method according to Claim 19 in which first parts of further marking elements are placed on the flat surface and after placing the textile reinforcements, second parts of the further marking elements are placed on the first parts of the further marking elements whose spacer elements have a greater height than the spacer elements of the at least one first marking element and the spacer elements of FIG at least one second marking element, and the concrete is introduced to the second, planar portion of at least one further marking element whose spacer elements have the greatest height. Method according to Claim 14 in which - a second textile reinforcement (36) is placed on the second, flat section (20) of the at least one first marking element (10), - at least one further on the second, planar section (20) of the at least one first marking element (10) Part is placed, - the further part has a first portion with spacers and a second, flat portion, - the spacer elements of the other part at a lower end with the second, flat portion (20) of the second part (16) or even more Partially connectable and connected at an upper end to the second, planar portion of the further part, - the second, planar portion of the further part in the connected state of the further part with the second part (16) or the still further part parallel to the first Part (12) is aligned, and - the concrete of the concrete layer is introduced to the second, flat portion of the further part, the Ab stood to the flat surface is the largest.

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