WO2005113911A1

WO2005113911A1 - Supporting wall and moulded blocks of concrete for building a supporting wall

Info

Publication number: WO2005113911A1
Application number: PCT/EP2005/005341
Authority: WO
Inventors: Uwe Köster
Original assignee: Sf-Kooperation Gmbh Beton-Konzepte
Priority date: 2004-05-17
Filing date: 2005-05-17
Publication date: 2005-12-01
Also published as: US20080260474A1; DE102004024802A1; ZA200609844B; EP1747331A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a moulded block (20), made from concrete. The moulded block (20) is suitable for the building of a supporting wall (21), inclined to the vertical against a earth back-filling (22), in which the individual moulded blocks (20) are arranged in layers over each other. According to the invention, the moulded block (20) is embodied as a cavity block, whereby, on layered offset arrangement of the moulded blocks (20) in a supporting wall (21), the load-supporting regions of the superimposed moulded blocks (20) are arranged essentially continuously in the load-carrying direction. The above permits the production of supporting walls made from moulded blocks with significantly larger apertures than conventionally possible, with similar or greater load-carrying capacity.

Description

Retaining wall and concrete block for the production of a retaining wall

description

The invention relates to a shaped block made of concrete for the production of a retaining wall inclined in particular with respect to the vertical against a soil backfill, in which the individual shaped blocks are arranged one above the other in layers. Furthermore, the invention relates to a corresponding retaining wall made of such shaped stones.

Such shaped stones or retaining walls are known in practice in different embodiments. EP 0 191 908 B1 from the applicant's house may be mentioned as an example.

The shaped blocks or retaining walls known from the prior art basically fulfill their purpose. However, the laying is complex, especially with regard to the necessary anchoring measures to secure the retaining wall.

Proceeding from this, the object of the invention is to further develop shaped blocks or retaining walls of the type mentioned at the outset.

A molded block for solving this problem has the features of claim 1. Because the shaped stone is designed as a hollow body stone with at least one cavity or a vertically directed opening, the shaped stone has a lower weight than conventional shaped stones for producing retaining walls. The molded block is therefore easier to lay, especially by hand. Furthermore, it is provided that the or essentially each cavity or breakthrough is arranged in such a way that load-bearing areas of molded blocks arranged one above the other or one below the other are essentially aligned in the load transfer direction when the molded blocks are offset in layers in a retaining wall. This configuration enables very large cavities or openings, so that the shaped blocks have a comparatively low weight. The applicant has recognized that in the case of the arrangement of the load-bearing area, despite the layer-by-layer arrangement, the entire load-bearing cross section can be used for dimensioning, so that the remaining walls can be made relatively thin.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that the shaped stone is trapezoidal in plan. The or each cavity can be formed continuously from an upper side to an underside of the shaped block, so that vertically directed openings are formed. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the shaped block has three cavities or openings which are separated from one another by obliquely directed webs.

Visible surfaces of the shaped stone preferably have a specially designed surface, for example a surface similar to natural stone.

Another peculiarity can be the formation of depressions which are intended to receive connecting means which are intended for the production of special retaining walls.

The retaining wall according to the invention is characterized according to claim 13, that the shaped stones according to the invention are used. The retaining wall thus benefits from the advantages that can be achieved by using the shaped stones.

In a preferred development of the invention, it is provided that the retaining wall consists of at least two walls, individual shaped blocks of the two walls being connected to one another by connecting means. The result is a retaining wall that has a considerably larger static width and withstands a correspondingly greater load from the soil backfill.

Preferred developments of the invention relate to the type of connection of the two walls and the configuration of the connecting means. Depending on requirements, the shaped stones of each layer can be connected to each other, or just every second, third etc. layer. The same applies to the arrangement in the floor plan. The rear wall can have the same, a lower or a greater height than the front wall, depending on the structural requirements. Another special feature is that the shaped stones can not only be laid on straight walls, but also enable the laying of curved hiking trails.

Preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawing. In this show:

1 and 2 is a spatial representation of a shaped block according to the invention with a view of an underside,

3 shows a spatial representation of the shaped block according to FIGS. 1 and 2 with a view of an upper side,

4 shows a side view of the shaped block according to FIG. 1,

5 is a plan view of the shaped block according to FIG. 1,

6 is a retaining wall in side view,

7 shows the retaining wall according to FIG. 6 in plan,

8 shows a further retaining wall in side view consisting of two walls,

9 shows the retaining wall according to FIG. 8 in plan,

Fig. 10 shows another embodiment of a retaining wall from two walls in side view, and

11 to 13 show alternative laying patterns of the shaped blocks according to FIG. 1 in plan. In the figures, a molded block 20 made of concrete is shown on the one hand (FIGS. 1 to 5) and on the other hand retaining walls 21 made of such molded blocks (FIGS. 6 to 10). 11 to 13 show laying variants of the shaped block 20.

The shaped block 20 shown in Figs. 1 to 5 is suitable for the manufacture of walls of any kind. The shaped blocks 20 can be installed without mortar, e.g. as a vertical wall, wall or the like, or as a retaining wall 21 with an inclination to a soil backfill 22nd

The shaped blocks 20 each have a plurality of upright side walls 23, 24, and an essentially horizontally directed upper side 25 and lower side 26. The shaped blocks 20 are essentially trapezoidal in plan. In this case, two opposite side walls 24 run parallel to one another and two opposite side walls 23 converge with one another.

The molded blocks 20 can be produced in conventional (concrete block) molds, so that the side walls 23, 24 are formed by upright molded walls of mold nests. The shaped blocks 20 can be produced with the underside 26 facing upwards in the molds, so that the underside 26 pointing upwards can be shaped or embossed by a stamp.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, it is provided that at least one of the two parallel side walls 24, preferably at least the longer side wall 24, is provided with a special structure, for example a structure similar to natural stone. To achieve this effect, the shape can be designed, for example, according to DE 102 47259 A by the applicant.

The shaped block 20 is designed as a hollow block. In the exemplary embodiment shown, a total of three vertically directed openings 27, 28, 29 are provided. The openings 27, 28, 29 extend continuously from the top 25 to the bottom 26 of the shaped block 20. The openings 27, 28, 29 are triangular in plan and arranged so that they are distributed uniformly over the cross section of the shaped block 20 are. The base of the largest opening 27 runs parallel to the shorter side wall 24 and extends over almost its entire width. The tip of the opening 27 is approximately in the longitudinal center of the longer side wall 24. The two other openings 28 and 29 are approximately the same size, but smaller than the opening 27. The bases of the openings 28, 29 are arranged parallel to the longer side wall 24. The tips of the openings 28, 29 point to the shorter side surface 24. The openings 28, 29 are each arranged on different sides of the opening 27.

The openings 27, 28, 29 are laterally delimited by remaining outer walls 30 in the region of the side walls 23, 24, as well as inner webs 31 which run between the walls 30 and separate the openings 27, 28, 29 from one another. The webs 31 run according to the arrangement of the openings 27, 28, 29 from the corner regions of the shorter side wall 24 in the direction of the longitudinal center of the longer side wall 24. The upper and lower sides of the webs 31 lie in the plane of the top 25 and bottom 26 of the Formstone 20

In the area of the underside 26 of the shaped block 20, depressions 32 are also formed which serve to receive connecting means 33. The depressions 32 run parallel to the side walls 24 and are arranged at a distance from them. In cross section, the depressions 32 are initially rectangular starting from the underside 26, which is followed by an area converging towards the top 25. The maximum depth of the depressions 32 is the same.

The shaped blocks 20 shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 can be laid to form a retaining wall 21 according to FIGS. 6 and 7. Proceeding from a foundation 34 and an inclination stone 35 arranged thereon with an inclined upper side which is inclined in cross section, the shaped stones 20 are arranged in layers one above the other. The ground backfill 22 is located on the side of the retaining wall 21 facing away from a visible side 36. The foundation 34 and some shaped stones 20 are located below an adjoining top edge 37 of the ground, which adjoins the side of the retaining wall 21 facing away from the ground backfill 22.

As can be seen from FIG. 7, the shaped blocks 20 are always arranged within a layer in such a way that the longer side walls 24 face the visible side 36 of the retaining wall 21. This results in a continuous retaining wall 21 in the region of the visible side, in which the longer side walls are arranged in one plane. The one from the visible side 36 facing away from the side surface of the retaining wall 21 has, in accordance with the trapezoidal shape of the shaped stones 20 between adjacent shaped stones 20, triangular free spaces 38 in the plan, which can be filled by the soil backfill 22.

As can further be seen from FIG. 7, the shaped blocks 20 are arranged in layers offset from one another. In FIG. 7, the shaped stones of an upper layer are identified by way of example with the reference symbol 20, whereas the shaped stones of a lower layer are provided with the reference symbol 20 '. Due to the special cross-sectional shape of the shaped blocks 20, 20 ', despite the staggered arrangement of the shaped blocks 20, their load-bearing areas, i.e. in the present case the walls 30 and webs 31 are arranged one above the other in alignment. This means that in the present case the remaining cross-sectional area can be used completely for load transfer, so that the thickness of the walls 30 and webs 31 can be considerably minimized. In the present case, the arrangement is chosen such that the larger opening 27 of a shaped block 20 is above a free space 38 between two shaped blocks 20 'and a smaller opening 28 of a shaped block 20 above a smaller opening 29 of the underlying shaped block 20'.

It is not mandatory that the load-bearing areas must be completely aligned one above the other. It is also conceivable that this e.g. only applies to part of the walls 30 and webs 31. In this case, only the cross-sectional area of the shaped block 20 that can be used to transfer the load is reduced, so that the load-transferring areas may have to be made with a larger wall thickness or only lower loads can be absorbed.

The retaining wall 21 shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 represents a special feature, namely a retaining wall 21 made of two walls 39, 40 made of shaped stones 20, which are connected to one another by connecting means 33. The front wall 39 is designed exactly like the above-described retaining wall 21 according to FIGS. 6 and 7. The rear wall 40 is also constructed accordingly, but oriented so that the longer side wall 24 points outwards. The shaped blocks 20 of the two walls 39, 40 running parallel to one another are accordingly aligned such that the shorter side walls 24 face each other. The free spaces 38 for the “interior” of the retaining wall are also corresponding 21 directed. For structural reasons, the rear wall 40 has a lower height than the front wall 39 in the exemplary embodiment shown.

To connect the two walls 39, 40 to one another, every second layer of the shaped blocks 20 of the two walls 39, 40 is connected in the region of the depressions 32 by connecting means 33. A connecting means 33 connects two opposing shaped stones 20 in each case. In the present case, the connecting means 33 is guided through the depressions 32 of the opposing shaped stones 20 in a loop-like manner. It is not absolutely necessary for the connecting means 33 to be designed as a closed band. It may also be the case that the connecting means 33 are designed as two essentially C-shaped, clasp-like structures which engage in the depressions 32 from both sides.

In the present case, the connecting means 33 are inserted into the depressions 32, so that an articulated connection of the opposite shaped blocks 20 is created. From a static point of view, this creates a retaining wall 21 with a greater width, which can absorb greater loads (in particular tilting moments) than conventional single-layer retaining walls 21. The covering of the rear wall 40 by the soil backfill 22 also contributes to this.

The retaining wall 21 shown in FIG. 10 differs from the retaining wall 21 according to FIG. 8 in that the rear wall 40 has a greater height. The height of the rear wall 40 can be adjusted depending on the structural requirements.

Basically, retaining walls 21 can also be produced according to the system presented, which have more than two walls 39, 40. For example, the walls can also be formed with a stepped height with increasing distance from the visible side 36.

Furthermore, it is conceivable that anchoring by the connecting means 33 is not provided over the entire height of the walls 39, 40. The number of connecting means 33 can also vary. Depending on the static requirements, each layer, every second layer can be connected with connecting means 33. Larger distances are also conceivable. In the longitudinal direction of the wall, not every shape stone 20 may be connected to an opposite shaped block 20 of another wall 39, 40. Depending on the static design, larger distances can also be selected here.

As mentioned at the beginning, the shaped stones 20 can be laid without mortar, so that the cohesion between the individual layers results from the weight of the stones and the overlap from the soil backfill 22. Alternatively, it is of course also possible to provide positive or non-positive connections between the shaped blocks 20 of adjacent layers.

The connecting means 33 provided here should be made of a durable material that meets the intended purpose. For example, connecting means 33 made of plastic or (rustproof) metal are conceivable.

11 to 13 show laying variants of the shaped block 20 according to the invention. In order to be able to lay shaped blocks 20 to retaining walls 21 which have a curved plan, it may be necessary to arrange adjacent shaped blocks 20 with a relative position rotated by 180 ° to one another. In this way, for example, the retaining wall 21 shown in FIG. 11, which has an S-shaped layout, can be erected. A special feature is also that the adjacent shaped blocks 20 are each laid so that the converging side walls 23 of adjacent shaped blocks 20 abut one another.

12 shows, in the above sense, a "corner formation" of a retaining wall 21, with all shaped blocks 20 being laid in the corner area with the same relative position and side walls 23 lying against one another.

13 shows a rectilinear retaining wall 21, in which the relative position of adjacent shaped blocks 20 is in each case rotated by 180 ° to one another, so that in the region of the visible side 36 of the retaining wall 21 a short side wall 24 follows a long side wall 24. 17.05.2005 / 6124

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

20 shaped stone

21 retaining wall

22 Soil backfilling

23 side wall

24 side wall

25 top

26 bottom

27 breakthrough

28 breakthrough

29 breakthrough

30 wall

31 bridge

32 deepening

33 lanyards

34 foundation

35 inclination stone

36 visible side

37 top of the terrain

38 free space

39 wall

40 wall

Claims

17.05.2005 / 6124Patentansprüche

1. Concrete block for producing a retaining wall (21), in particular inclined with respect to the vertical against a soil backfill (22), in which the individual shaped blocks are arranged in layers one above the other, characterized in that the shaped block (20) is a hollow block with at least one Cavity or a vertically directed opening (27, 28, 29) is formed, the or essentially each cavity or opening (27, 28, 29) being arranged such that when the shaped blocks (20 ) in a retaining wall (21), the essentially load-bearing areas of the shaped blocks (20) arranged one above the other or one below the other are arranged essentially in alignment in the load transfer direction.

2. molded block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the molded block (20) is trapezoidal in plan.

3. Shaped stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the or each cavity or opening (27, 28, 29) extends continuously from an upper side (25) to an underside (26) of the shaped stone (20).

4. Shaped stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of cavities or openings (27, 28, 29) are provided which are separated from one another by webs (31) which are preferably inclined in plan, in particular in such a way that the Cavities or openings (27, 28, 29) are triangular or trapezoidal in plan.

5. Shaped stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaped stone has three cavities or openings (27, 28, 29) which are separated from one another by two webs (31) which, starting from two corner regions on a side surface (24 ) of the shaped block (20) run approximately to the center of the opposite side surface (24) of the shaped block (20).

6. molded block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the webs (31) are flush with the top (25) and the underside (26) of the molded block (20).

7. molded block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one upright side surface (24) of the molded block (20) has a specially designed surface, as visible side (35) of the retaining wall (21).

8. Shaped stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaped stone (20) in the region of its underside (26) and / or top side (25) has at least one depression (20) designed for receiving connecting means (33) for the shaped stones (20). 23).

9. molded block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the recesses (32) from an upright side surface (23) to the opposite upright side surface (23) of the molded block (20) and with a distance to other side surfaces (24) of the Shaped stones (20), in particular to form visible sides, are arranged.

10. Stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the depressions (32) run parallel to the visible side (36) of the retaining wall (21).

11. Shaped block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the depressions (32) are formed in the walls (30) and webs (31) of the shaped block (20) formed between the openings (27, 28, 29).

12. Shaped stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the depressions (32) are arranged along an imaginary continuous axis and that further depressions (32) are preferably arranged in a second parallel axis.

13. Retaining wall made of shaped stones (20) made of concrete, which is preferably inclined relative to the vertical against a soil backfill (22) and in which the individual Shaped stones (20) are arranged in layers one above the other, characterized by the use of shaped stones (20) according to one or more of the preceding claims.

14. Retaining wall according to claim 13, characterized in that the retaining wall (21) consists of at least one front wall (39) made of shaped stones (20) and a rear wall (40) made of shaped stones (20), wherein shaped stones (20) rear wall (40) and shaped stones (20) of the front wall (29) are connected to one another by connecting means (33).

15. Retaining wall according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting means (33) are positioned, in particular inserted, in the recesses (32) of the shaped blocks (20), preferably in such a way that shaped blocks (20) positioned approximately at the same height the front wall (39) are connected to the shaped blocks (20) of the rear wall (40).

16. Retaining wall according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaped blocks (20) of the rear wall (40) are embedded in the soil backfill (22) and are preferably covered by this.

17. Retaining wall according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting means (33) are ring-shaped and with recesses (32) in the region of mutually facing side surfaces (24) of the shaped blocks (20) of the front wall (39) and rear wall (40) are engaged.

18. Retaining wall according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting means (33) connects the shaped blocks (20) of the rear wall (40) and the front wall (39) in an articulated manner for the transmission of tensile forces.