DE102016121590A1 - Process for the production of fire-retardant insulation boards / mats and fire-retardant blowing insulation made from fibers based on renewable raw materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the production of fire-retardant insulation boards / mats and fire-retardant blow-in insulation from fibers based on renewable raw materials. In order to provide fire-retardant insulation materials that reach the class B1 according to DIN EN 4102 and reduce the critical heat input in the case of flame, thus effectively preventing afterglow, the insulation board / mat according to the invention or Einblasdämmstoff invention is made of a mixture which Containing fibers based on renewable raw materials and a physical and / or a chemical fire retardant.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for producing a fire-retardant insulating board or mat and a corresponding Einblasdämmstoffs of fibers based on renewable raw materials.

Insulating materials based on renewable raw materials in general and lignocellulose-containing insulating materials in particular are now in decline DIN EN 4102 in the class B2 and after DIN EN 13501-1 Class E or C classified as "normally flammable". Particularly critical is the afterglow to evaluate. Fire loads of the order of magnitude of the normative prescribed fire test ensure such a high energy input into the product that afterglow and further smoldering can not be prevented.

The aim is to extend the use of bio-based insulation materials to applications that are not possible or allowed due to the previously "normal flammable" properties. This applies in particular to the use of such insulating materials in higher building classes. This lays a further foundation for the industrial and sustainable production of insulation materials from renewable raw materials. The consumption of fossil resources (minerals, hard coal, oil and natural gas) can thus be further reduced.

A method for producing a fire-retardant wood-based panel from a mixture of lignocellulose-containing shavings and expanded graphite is known from DE 10 2009 005 155 B4 or the EP 2 208 594 B1 known. Due to their technical properties, wood-based panels are becoming increasingly widespread and rank among the world's fastest-growing wood-based products. Thicknesses of 2 mm to 60 mm with a density of 600 kg / m ³ to 1000 kg / m ³ are usually available on the market.

On the other hand, insulating boards or mats made from fibers based on renewable raw materials have much lower densities of up to 300 kg / m ³ . Due to the different densities, insulating fiber boards of wood-based panels differ considerably in terms of fire behavior. For example, insulation boards made of fibers based on renewable resources compared to wood-based panels have much larger internal gaps and a significantly lower thermal conductivity. On the one hand, these circumstances produce the desired insulating effect, but on the other hand - especially in the case of fire - lead to the disadvantageous effect that a heat present in the insulating board is extremely poorly dissipated. Thus, the residual heat stored in the insulation board, even after a supposedly overcome fire event, can lead to a further and further smoldering of the insulating material.

The object of the present invention is to provide fire-retardant insulating materials based on renewable raw materials which achieve class B1 according to DIN EN 4102 and, in the case of flame treatment, reduce the critical heat input in order to effectively prevent afterglow.

The object of the invention is achieved by the subject matter of claim 1, relating to a method for producing fire-retardant insulation panels / mats from a mixture containing fibers based on renewable raw materials and a physical and / or chemical fire retardant.

After the process of the invention, the insulation boards / mats are made of a mixture containing fibers based on renewable raw materials such. As lignocellulosic fibers or defibrated lignocellulose-containing material, and a physical and / or a chemical fire retardant, such as. B. contains an intumescent fire retardant. Accordingly, the fire retardant is mixed directly with the digested fibers, so that a better mixing and bonding between the fibers on the one hand and the fire retardant on the other hand is achieved, with the result that the fire protection of the insulating material is significantly improved. The equipment according to the invention of the bio-based insulating materials ensures the achievement of class B1 according to DIN EN 4102. The physical fire retardant forms an insulating layer in the case of flame treatment and thus reduces the critical heat input, so that afterglow - caused by a pyrolysis effect - is prevented. Alternatively or additionally, a chemically active fire retardant such. B. ammonium phosphate can be used. By two different, z. B. physically and chemically acting types of fire retardant synergistic effects can be achieved.

terms and definitions

Intumescence in the context of the invention means expansion or swelling, ie an increase in the volume of the fire-retardant, preferably when exposed to heat above the so-called activation temperature. An intumescent fire retardant forms upon expansion or expansion preferably an insulating layer with low thermal conductivity. This effect is exploited in the invention to prevent the ignition of the fibers or other components of the insulation board. During the Intumescence releases water that dilutes acids and acts endothermic / cooling.

• - Aufschäumen, d. h. das Formen einer leichten Isolierungsschicht als Hitzebremse. Eingebrachte Stoffe (z. B. expandierbares Graphit / Blähgraphit) setzen bei Wärmeeinwirkung Gase frei. Zusammen mit dem veraschenden Isolierungsmaterial entsteht eine „geschäumte“ Ascheschicht, welche die Sauerstoffzufuhr - und somit die Flammenausbreitung - behindert.
• - Endotherme Wirkung durch Hydrate, die durch Wasserdampffreisetzung kühlen.
• - Expansionsdruck aufbringen, z. B. um Hohlräume, durch welche Luftzufuhr möglich ist, im Brandfall zu versiegeln.

The intumescence forms an insulating layer that increases the distance to the fire and prevents self-ignition on the side away from the fire. In the context of the invention, the term intumescence accordingly denotes the expedient "swelling" or foaming of the fire-protection agent in conjunction with the chemical reaction of an additional fire-protection agent. An intumescent or intumescent fire-retardant increases in volume under heat and accordingly decreases in density, preferably achieving the following effects:

• - Foaming, ie forming a light insulation layer as a heat brake. Introduced substances (eg expandable graphite / expandable graphite) release gases when exposed to heat. Together with the incinerating insulation material, a "foamed" ash layer is formed, which impedes the supply of oxygen - and thus the spread of the flame.
• - Endothermic effect by hydrates, which cool by steam release.
• - Apply expansion pressure, z. B. to cavities through which air supply is possible to seal in case of fire.

Insulation board / -matte

Insulating boards or mats made of fibers based on renewable raw materials, especially lignocellulose fiber-containing insulation boards or Holzfaserdämmplatten, sometimes called soft wood fiber boards or softwood fiber boards are one type of fiberboard, namely made of fibers based on renewable resources board insulation materials, which are mostly used for thermal insulation of the outer shell of a building , They counteract the passage of heat. Some of them are also used in dry construction for the construction of interior parts of buildings (walls, floors). They belong to the oldest industrially produced natural insulating materials and were already manufactured in the first half of the 20th century.

Wood fiber insulation panels usually consist of about 90 to 95% dry weight of wood fibers. As a starting material conifers are preferred because of their higher fiber quality.

Wood fiber insulation panels are particularly suitable for roof insulation and exterior wall insulation in outdoor areas, inside as floor insulation, insulation of ceilings and interior walls and in cavities (intermediate rafters, partitions, beam layers). In addition, wood fiber insulation panels are also suitable for sound insulation indoors and outdoors and for impact sound insulation even of apartment ceilings with increased requirements.

Advantageous developments are objects of the subclaims.

• - Schritt A1: Bereitstellen eines faserhaltigen, nachwachsenden Rohstoffs, vorzugsweise Sägereste, bevorzugt Schwarte, Spreißel, und/oder Hackschnitzel, bevorzugt aus Nadelholz.
• - Schritt A2: Vorwärmen des faserhaltigen, nachwachsenden Rohstoffs, vorzugsweise in einem Vorwärmer.
• - Schritt A3: Fördern des faserhaltigen, nachwachsenden Rohstoffs, vorzugsweise in einer Stopfschnecke.
• - Schritt A4: Zerfaserung des faserhaltigen, nachwachsenden Rohstoffs, vorzugsweise in einem Refiner, zur Gewinnung der Fasern auf Basis des nachwachsenden Rohstoffs.

It can prove to be helpful if, in a step A of the method, the provision of fibers based on renewable raw materials takes place, preferably by carrying out at least one of the following partial steps:

• Step A1: Provision of a fibrous, renewable raw material, preferably sawing residues, preferably rind, splits, and / or wood chips, preferably of softwood.
• Step A2: preheating the fibrous, renewable raw material, preferably in a preheater.
• - Step A3: conveying the fibrous, renewable raw material, preferably in a plug screw.
• - Step A4: fiberization of the fibrous, renewable raw material, preferably in a refiner, to obtain the fibers based on the renewable raw material.

As a fibrous, renewable raw material for the production of insulating fiber board according to the invention preferably round wood (logs), wood chips, rinds, possibly old wood, residual roles of peeling, veneer residues and sawdust are used.

The raw material is preferably debarked and mechanically comminuted, sorted or sieved and cleaned. The cleaning of the raw material of foreign substances is preferably carried out by machine, preferably in a so-called. "Dry cleaning" or a so-called. "Wet cleaning". In dry cleaning, the raw material with the aid of a gaseous medium, eg. As air freed from heavy bodies. In wet cleaning, the separation of stones, sand and metals from the raw material in a liquid medium, eg. B. water.

Before defibration, the raw material usually passes into a pre-damping tank for hydrothermal pretreatment to be pre-damped at up to 100 ° C. This treatment softens the middle lamella and favors both the compressibility of the raw material and the later defibering. The partially plasticized raw material reaches z. B. via a Vibrationsaustragsboden and a stuffing screw in a digester. However, the hydrothermal pre-treatment is not mandatory, so that the raw material directly into the Cooker can be given. The plug screw has an increasing pitch to the downstream end and compresses the raw material into a relatively pressure-tight plug, thereby squeezing out the so-called pinch water. The plug forms a seal to the stove. In the digester, the raw material is cooked at a vapor pressure of preferably between 6 and 16 bar, whereby the vapor pressure can vary depending on the type of wood and the requirement on the fibers. After a residence time in the digester of preferably one to eight minutes, the raw material preferably passes through a screw conveyor and via the feed screw into the refiner (shredder). In the refiner, the raw material is shredded between rotating grinding discs and blown out of the refiner via a controllable valve through a "blow pipe" (or blowline). The refiner preferably has a vapor pressure in the range of 6 to 16 bar, wherein the steam forms the transport means for the fibers on their way through the blowpipe into the dryer.

After defibration, the fibers obtained are preferably dried in a current dryer with simultaneous promotion by hot air in the drying channel, so that the fibers with approximately 8 to 12% moisture (based on the dry weight of the fibers) are deposited in cyclones from the air stream. In the case of dry gluing, the fibers can optionally be dried to about 2% (based on the dry weight of the lignocellulose fibers), as long as the fibers are not further processed with the existing wood moisture content.

• - Schritt B1: Verrühren der Fasern mit Wasser zu einem Brei, vorzugsweise mit einem Anteil von bis zu 98 % Wasser.
• - Schritt B2: Beigabe von Zusatzstoffen zu dem Brei, vorzugsweise harz- oder bitumenhaltige Stoffe, bevorzugt zur Erhöhung der Festigkeit und/oder zur Vermittlung von wasserabweisenden Eigenschaften.
• - Schritt B3: Zwischenlagerung des Breis, vorzugsweise in Bütten auf einer Formmaschine.
• - Schritt B4: Formen des Breis zu einem Faserkuchen.
• - Schritt B5: Entwässern des Faserkuchens, vorzugsweise durch mechanisches Auspressen des im Faserkuchen enthaltenen Wassers.
• - Schritt B6: Zuschneiden des Faserkuchens.
• - Schritt B7: Trocken des Faserkuchenzuschnitts, vorzugsweise in einem Trockenkanal, bevorzugt bei Temperaturen zwischen 110 und 220 °C.
• - Schritt B8: Verkleben mehrerer Faserkuchenzuschnitte zu einer mehrschichtigen Dämmplatte/-matte.
• - Schritt B9: Zuschneiden der Dämmplatte/-matte.

It can be useful if, in step B, the production of the insulating panels / mats takes place in a wet process, preferably by carrying out at least one of the following partial steps:

• - Step B1: Mixing the fibers with water to a pulp, preferably with a share of up to 98% water.
• Step B2: addition of additives to the pulp, preferably resinous or bituminous substances, preferably for increasing the strength and / or imparting water-repellent properties.
• Step B3: intermediate storage of the slurry, preferably in laid paper on a molding machine.
• Step B4: forming the pulp into a fiber cake.
• - Step B5: dewatering of the fiber cake, preferably by mechanical pressing of the water contained in the fiber cake.
• Step B6: Cutting the fiber cake.
• - Step B7: drying the Faserkuchenzuschnitts, preferably in a drying tunnel, preferably at temperatures between 110 and 220 ° C.
• Step B8: Bonding several fiber cake blanks to a multi-layer insulation board / mat.
• - Step B9: Cutting the insulation board / mat.

In the production of the insulation panels / mats according to the invention by wet process, the own binding forces of the fibers based on renewable resources are exploited by the fiber-containing raw material is fiberized and set in the form of a fiber cake under the action of heat. In the case of wood, which contains lignocellulose, lignin is released, which takes over the function of an otherwise required binding agent when setting the fiber cake. The use of a separate binder can therefore be omitted. In order to avoid unwanted dilution of the fire-retardant by the water used to form the slurry, the fire-retardant is preferably added only in step B3.

• - Schritt C1: Trocknen der Fasern, vorzugsweise unmittelbar nach Schritt A4, bevorzugt in einem Stromtrockner, vorzugsweise auf einen Feuchtegehalt im Bereich von 2 bis 12 %, bevorzugt auf einen Feuchtegehalt im Bereich von 3 bis 10 %, besonders bevorzugt auf einen Feuchtegehalt im Bereich von 4 bis 9 %, ganz besonders bevorzugt auf einen Feuchtegehalt im Bereich von 7 bis 9 %, jeweils bezogen auf die Trockenmasse der Fasern.
• - Schritt C2: Vermischen der Fasern mit Bindemittel, vorzugsweise durch Mischerbeleimung, Blowline-Beleimung und/oder Trockenbeleimung, bevorzugt in einem Beleimturm, in einer Blowline oder in einer Trockenbeleimungsvorrichtung.
• - Schritt C3: Zugabe von synthetischen Textilfasern oder Fasern auf Basis nachwachsender Rohstoffe zur Erhöhung der Faserflexibilität sowie diversen Zusätzen zur Verbesserung weiterer Eigenschaften.
• - Schritt C4: Herstellen einer Streuung aus Fasern, ggf. Bindemittel und/oder weiteren Zugaben, vorzugsweise in einer Streumaschine.
• - Schritt C5: Verpressen der Streuung zu Dämmplatten/-matten, vorzugsweise durch eine Kalibrier- und Aushärteeinheit.
• - Schritt C6: Härten der Dämmplatten/-matten, vorzugsweise durch ein Gemisch aus Dampf und Luft.
• - Schritt C7: Zuschneiden der Dämmplatten/-matten.

It may be useful if, in step C, the production of the insulating panels / mats takes place by a dry process, preferably by carrying out at least one of the following partial steps:

• - Step C1: drying of the fibers, preferably immediately after step A4, preferably in a current dryer, preferably to a moisture content in the range of 2 to 12%, preferably to a moisture content in the range of 3 to 10%, more preferably to a moisture content in the range from 4 to 9%, most preferably to a moisture content in the range of 7 to 9%, in each case based on the dry mass of the fibers.
• Step C2: Mixing of the fibers with binder, preferably by mixer gluing, blow-line gluing and / or dry gluing, preferably in a gluing tower, in a blow-line or in a dry gluing device.
• Step C3: Addition of synthetic textile fibers or fibers based on renewable raw materials to increase the fiber flexibility and various additives to improve other properties.
• - Step C4: producing a scattering of fibers, optionally binder and / or further additions, preferably in a spreader.
• - Step C5: pressing the scattering to insulation boards / mats, preferably by a calibration and curing unit.
• - Step C6: Harden the insulation panels / mats, preferably by a mixture of steam and air.
• - Step C7: Cutting the insulation boards / mats.

To produce the insulation boards / mats according to the invention in a dry process, the fibers are preferably based on renewable raw materials directly after the defibration in step A to the required for the gluing residual moisture (about 8% based on the dry weight of the fibers) dried and then preferably in a Gluing the glue channel or tower with the binder. For mixing the fibers with the fire retardant, the steps C1 and / or C2 and / or C4 (drying, gluing and scattering of the fibers) are particularly suitable for forming the mixture from which the insulating panels / mats according to the invention are produced. The fire retardant can be distributed very evenly on the fibers to achieve an advantageous fire protection effect over the entire cross section of the insulation board / mat.

• - Das Brandschutzmittel ist ein intumeszierendes Brandschutzmittel.
• - Das Brandschutzmittel ist ein chemisches oder chemisch wirkendes Brandschutzmittel, vorzugsweise Ammoniumphosphat.
• - Die Aktivierungstemperatur des Brandschutzmittels (d. h. die Temperatur, bei der das Brandschutzmittel zu blähen beginnt) liegt im Bereich von 100°C bis 300°C, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 120°C bis 250°C, bevorzugt im Bereich von 140 °C bis 210°C.
• - Das Brandschutzmittel umfasst verschiedene Komponenten, vorzugsweise Komponenten mit unterschiedlichen Blähvolumina, wobei bevorzugt das Blähvolumen einer ersten Komponente bei 1000°C 0,01 bis 0,5 mal, vorzugsweise 0,1 bis 0,5 mal das Blähvolumen der zweiten Komponente bei 1000°C ist, wobei das Blähvolumen der ersten Komponente bei 1000°C beispielsweise im Bereich von 60 cm³/g bis 200 cm³/g und das Blähvolumen der zweiten Komponente bei 1000°C beispielsweise im Bereich von 400 bis 700 cm³/g liegt, wobei besonders bevorzugt das Mischverhältnis der ersten zur zweiten Komponente im Bereich von 1:1 bis 1:2 liegt, insbesondere bei 1:1,5.
• - Das Brandschutzmittel umfasst überwiegend Partikel mit Partikelgrößen zwischen 40 und 400 µm.
• - Das Brandschutzmittel weist einen pH-Wert im Bereich von 3 (sauer) bis 10 (leicht alkalisch/basisch), vorzugsweise im Bereich von 7 bis 9 auf.
• - Das Brandschutzmittel enthält ein Treibmittel, vorzugsweise eingelagert in die Molekülstruktur.
• - Das Brandschutzmittel umfasst wenigstens eines der folgenden Additive:
  • ○ Anorganische Brandhemmer, beispielsweise Phosphatsäure.
  • ○ Stärkebasierende, organische Substanzen mit Funktion zum Einschluss der Faser (Kapseleffekt), vorzugsweise auf pflanzlicher Basis.
  • ○ Synergetische Additive, vorzugsweise in einer Zudosierung von bis zu 30 Gewichtsprozent, bevorzugt bis zu 10 Gewichtsprozent.
• - Das Brandschutzmittel ist oder enthält Graphit, vorzugsweise Blähgraphit, bevorzugt NOx- und SOx-Blähgraphit, besonders bevorzugt SOx-Blähgraphit.
• - Das Brandschutzmittel ist modifiziert und/oder interkaliert und/oder kohlenstoffhaltig.
• - Das Brandschutzmittel ist durch chemische Behandlung mit starken Säuren und/oder Oxidationsmittel wie Wasserstoffperoxid oder Kaliumpermanganat hergestellt.
• - Das Brandschutzmittel ist vorhanden in einer Dosierung von 3 bis 30 Gewichtsprozent, vorzugsweise 5 bis 10 Gewichtsprozent, bezogen auf eine Trockenmasse der Fasern.

It may be helpful to use a fire retardant having at least one of the following characteristics to form the mixture:

• - The fire retardant is an intumescent fire retardant.
• - The fire retardant is a chemical or chemical fire retardant, preferably ammonium phosphate.
• The activation temperature of the fire retardant (ie the temperature at which the fire retardant begins to puff) is in the range of 100 ° C to 300 ° C, preferably in the range of 120 ° C to 250 ° C, preferably in the range of 140 ° C to 210 ° C.
• - The fire retardant comprises various components, preferably components with different inflation volumes, wherein preferably the inflation volume of a first component at 1000 ° C 0.01 to 0.5 times, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 times the inflation volume of the second component at 1000 ° C is, wherein the swelling volume of the first component at 1000 ° C, for example in the range of 60 cm ³ / g to 200 cm ³ / g and the swelling volume of the second component at 1000 ° C, for example in the range of 400 to 700 cm ³ / g , wherein particularly preferably the mixing ratio of the first to the second component is in the range of 1: 1 to 1: 2, in particular 1: 1.5.
• - The fire retardant mainly comprises particles with particle sizes between 40 and 400 microns.
• The fire-retardant has a pH in the range from 3 (acid) to 10 (slightly alkaline / basic), preferably in the range from 7 to 9.
• - The fire retardant contains a blowing agent, preferably embedded in the molecular structure.
• The fire retardant comprises at least one of the following additives:
  • Inorganic fire retardants, for example phosphate acid.
  • ○ Starch-based organic substances with fiber inclusion function (capsule effect), preferably plant-based.
  • ○ Synergetic additives, preferably in an addition of up to 30 weight percent, preferably up to 10 weight percent.
• - The fire retardant is or contains graphite, preferably expandable graphite, preferably NOx and SOx expandable graphite, particularly preferably SOx expandable graphite.
• - The fire retardant is modified and / or intercalated and / or carbon-containing.
• - The fire retardant is made by chemical treatment with strong acids and / or oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate.
• - The fire retardant is present in a dosage of 3 to 30 weight percent, preferably 5 to 10 weight percent, based on a dry weight of the fibers.

• - Das Brandschutzmittel weist einen Zustand noch nicht begonnener oder teilweiser erfolgter Intumeszenz auf.
• - Das Brandschutzmittel ist pulverförmig, bevorzugt schuppig oder flockig, granular und/oder partikelförmig.
• - Das Brandschutzmittel ist ein Gemisch, vorzugsweise eine Emulsion, ein Gel, ein Schaum, ein Aerosol, eine Suspension oder ein Gemenge.
• - Das Brandschutzmittel ist in einer Emulsion als Trägermaterial eingebunden, wobei die Emulsion vorzugsweise gebildet wird aus Wasser und einem Emulgator, bevorzugt bifunktionelle Silane oder ethylierte Fettsäure.
• - Das Brandschutzmittel ist in Schaum als Trägermaterial eingebunden, vorzugsweise unter Ausführung wenigstens eines der folgenden Teilschritte:
  • ○ Bildung eines Schaums, vorzugsweise aus Wasser und anionischen/kationischen Additiven und/oder einem schäumenden silikatischen Bindemittel als Schaumbildner.
  • ○ Stabilisierung der Schaumstruktur, vorzugsweise unter Einsatz eines etherbasierenden, carboxymetylcellulosehaltigen Additivs als Schaumstabilisator.
  • ○ Oberflächenmodifizierung des Brandschutzmittels zur Herabsetzung der Oberflächenspannung, um eine bessere Bindekraft zu den Fasern zu erzielen.
  • ○ Einbinden des Brandschutzmittels in den Schaum.
• - Das Brandschutzmittel ist in Gel als Trägermaterial eingebunden, vorzugsweise unter Ausführung wenigstens eines der folgenden Teilschritte:
  • ○ Bildung des Gels, vorzugsweise durch Vermischen von Wasserglas und einer Silziumdioxiddispersion (als sogenanntes Nanosol).
  • ○ Modifizieren der Rheologie der Gelstruktur, vorzugsweise durch Zugabe eines stärkebasierenden Celluloseethers. Des Weiteren dient das Gel als Haftvermittler zwischen Blähgrafit und Fasern.
  • ○ Einbinden des Brandschutzmittels in das Gel.
• - Das Brandschutzmittel bildet ein Gemisch mit Bindemittel, vorzugsweise mit einem Bindemittel, das wenigstens einen der folgenden Bestandteile aufweist:
  • ○ Einen Klebstoff, vorzugsweise einen Klebstoff auf Basis von Isocyanat und/oder PVAC und/oder Kunstharz, beispielsweise formaldehydvernetzende Harzsysteme wie Harnstoffharz, Melaminharz, Resorcinharz, Phenolharz sowie daraus gebildete Mischharzsysteme, und/oder einen Klebstoff auf wässriger nanostrukturierter silikatischer Basis.
  • o Einen Leim, vorzugsweise einen natürlichen Leim, bevorzugt auf Basis von Kasein und/oder Stärke.
• - Das Brandschutzmittel bildet ein Aerosol, wobei das Brandschutzmittel vorzugsweise in Partikelform vorliegt und mittels einer organischen Verbindung modifiziert wird (z.B. Ammoniumtriphosphat, welches auch die Funktion als Flammschutzmittel erfüllt), sodass die Oberflächenspannung der Partikel herabgesetzt und deren Fließ- bzw. Rieselfähigkeit erhöht wird, um ein heterogenes Gemisch (Dispersion) aus festen Schwebeteilchen in einem Gas zu bilden.

It may be useful if the fire-retardant is mixed with the fibers in at least one of the following states to form a mixture:

• - The fire retardant has a state of not yet begun or partial intumescence.
• - The fire retardant is powdery, preferably flaky or flaky, granular and / or particulate.
• The fire retardant is a mixture, preferably an emulsion, a gel, a foam, an aerosol, a suspension or a mixture.
• - The fire retardant is incorporated in an emulsion as a carrier material, wherein the emulsion is preferably formed from water and an emulsifier, preferably bifunctional silanes or ethylated fatty acid.
• - The fire retardant is incorporated into foam as a carrier material, preferably below Execution of at least one of the following sub-steps:
  • ○ Formation of a foam, preferably of water and anionic / cationic additives and / or a foaming silicate binder as a foaming agent.
  • ○ Stabilization of the foam structure, preferably using an ether-based, carboxymetylcellulose-containing additive as foam stabilizer.
  • ○ Surface modification of the fire retardant to reduce the surface tension for better bonding to the fibers.
  • ○ incorporation of the fire-retardant into the foam.
• - The fire retardant is incorporated in gel as a carrier material, preferably under execution of at least one of the following sub-steps:
  • ○ Formation of the gel, preferably by mixing water glass and a silica dispersion (as so-called nanosol).
  • ○ Modifying the rheology of the gel structure, preferably by adding a starch-based cellulose ether. Furthermore, the gel serves as a bonding agent between Blähgrafit and fibers.
  • ○ incorporation of the fire-retardant into the gel.
• The fire retardant forms a mixture with a binder, preferably with a binder, which has at least one of the following constituents:
  • ○ An adhesive, preferably an adhesive based on isocyanate and / or PVAC and / or synthetic resin, for example formaldehyde-crosslinking resin systems such as urea resin, melamine resin, resorcinol resin, phenolic resin and mixed resin systems formed therefrom, and / or an aqueous nanostructured silicate-based adhesive.
  • o A glue, preferably a natural glue, preferably based on casein and / or starch.
• The fire-retardant forms an aerosol, the fire-retardant preferably being in particulate form and being modified by means of an organic compound (eg ammonium triphosphate, which also fulfills the function as flame retardant), so that the surface tension of the particles is reduced and their flow or pourability is increased, to form a heterogeneous mixture (dispersion) of solid suspended particles in a gas.

• - In Schritt A, vorzugsweise in wenigstens einem der Teilschritte A1, A2, A3, A4 und/oder zwischen zweien dieser Teilschritte.
• - In Schritt B, vorzugsweise in wenigstens einem der Teilschritte B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, insbesondere B1 und/oder B2 und/oder B3, und/oder zwischen zweien dieser Teilschritte.
• - In Schritt C, vorzugsweise in wenigstens einem der Teilschritte C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, insbesondere C1 und/oder C2 und/oder C4, und/oder zwischen zweien dieser Teilschritte.
• - Zwischen den Schritten A und B und/oder zwischen den Schritten A und C

It may prove useful if the fire retardant is mixed with the fibers in at least one of the following process steps to form a mixture:

• In step A, preferably in at least one of substeps A1, A2, A3, A4 and / or between two of these substeps.
• In step B, preferably in at least one of substeps B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, in particular B1 and / or B2 and / or B3, and / or between two of these substeps.
• In step C, preferably in at least one of substeps C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, in particular C1 and / or C2 and / or C4, and / or between two of these substeps.
• - Between steps A and B and / or between steps A and C

A further aspect of the invention relates to an insulating board / mat, produced from a mixture containing fibers based on renewable raw materials and a physical and / or a chemical fire retardant, preferably by the method according to one of the preceding embodiments.

• - Als Holzfaserdämmplatte, hergestellt im Nassverfahren, vorzugsweise nach Schritt B, wobei die Holzfaserdämmplatte bevorzugt wenigstens eines der folgenden Merkmale aufweist:
  • o Die Dicke der Holzfaserdämmplatte liegt im Bereich von 4 bis 250 mm, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 40 bis 200 mm, bevorzugt im Bereich von 50 bis 200 mm.
  • ○ Die Dichte der Holzfaserdämmplatte liegt im Bereich von 80 bis 300 kg/m³, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 110 bis 250 kg/m³, bevorzugt im Bereich von 160 bis 220 kg/m³.
• - Als Holzfaserdämmplatte, hergestellt im Trockenverfahren, vorzugsweise nach Schritt C, wobei die Holzfaserdämmplatte bevorzugt wenigstens eines der folgenden Merkmale aufweist:
  • ○ Die Dicke der Holzfaserdämmplatte liegt im Bereich von 10 bis 300 mm, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 60 bis 240 mm,
  • ○ Die Dichte der Holzfaserdämmplatte liegt im Bereich von 80 bis 300 kg/m³, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 100 bis 250 kg/m³, bevorzugt im Bereich von 120 bis 200 kg/m³.
• - Als flexible Holzfaserdämmmatte, wobei die Holzfaserdämmmatte vorzugsweise wenigstens eines der folgenden Merkmale aufweist:
  • ○ Die Dicke der Holzfaserdämmmatte liegt im Bereich von 10 bis 400 mm, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 50 bis 300 mm, bevorzugt im Bereich von 100 bis 200 mm.
  • ○ Die Dichte der Holzfaserdämmmatte liegt im Bereich von 35 bis 80 kg/m³, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 40 bis 75 kg/m³, bevorzugt im Bereich von 40 bis 55 kg/m³.

It may be advantageous if the insulation board / mat is formed in one of the following embodiments:

• As a wood fiber insulation board produced by the wet process, preferably after step B, the wood fiber insulation board preferably having at least one of the following features:
  • o The thickness of the wood fiber insulation board is in the range of 4 to 250 mm, preferably in the range of 40 to 200 mm, preferably in the range of 50 to 200 mm.
  • The density of the wood fiber insulation board is in the range of 80 to 300 kg / m ³ , preferably in the range of 110 to 250 kg / m ³ , preferably in the range of 160 to 220 kg / m ³ .
• As a wood fiber insulation board produced by the dry process, preferably after step C, the wood fiber insulation board preferably having at least one of the following features:
  • ○ The thickness of the wood fiber insulation board is in the range of 10 to 300 mm, preferably in the range of 60 to 240 mm,
  • The density of the wood fiber insulation board is in the range of 80 to 300 kg / m ³ , preferably in the range of 100 to 250 kg / m ³ , preferably in the range of 120 to 200 kg / m ³ .
• - As a flexible wood-fiber insulating mat, wherein the wood-fiber insulating mat preferably has at least one of the following features:
  • The thickness of the wood fiber insulating mat is in the range of 10 to 400 mm, preferably in the range of 50 to 300 mm, preferably in the range of 100 to 200 mm.
  • The density of the wood fiber insulating mat is in the range of 35 to 80 kg / m ³ , preferably in the range of 40 to 75 kg / m ³ , preferably in the range of 40 to 55 kg / m ³ .

A further aspect of the invention relates to a blow-in insulating material produced from a mixture containing fibers based on renewable raw materials and a physical and / or a chemical fire retardant, preferably by the method according to one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the blow-in preferably a density in the range of 20 to 60 kg / m ³ , more preferably a density in the range of 28 to 40 kg / m ³ .

Further preferred developments result from any combination of the features disclosed herein.

Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments

According to the novel fire-retardant insulation boards / mats are made from a mixture containing fibers based on renewable raw materials, such. B. lignocellulosic fibers, as well as a physical and / or a chemical fire retardant, such as. B. contains an intumescent fire retardant.

The lignocellulosic fibers are obtained according to the process steps described above from lignocellulose-containing raw material, in particular wood, mixed with the intumescent fire retardant to form a mixture and processed for example by wet or dry process to the fire retardant, lignocellulose fiber-containing insulation boards / mats. Of course, instead of the lignocellulosic fibers and fibers based on other renewable raw materials such. As hemp and / or instead of the intumescent fire retardant other fire retardants are used.

The exemplary embodiments disclosed within the scope of the invention differ mainly in the dosage form of the fire protection agent and the time or method step of mixing the fire protection agent with the fibers. Depending on the selected processing of the fibers (wet or dry process), the preferred dosage forms of the fire retardant as well as the selection of the preferred time of blending the fire retardant with the fibers may differ.

The fire protection agent used in the process according to the invention is, for example, an effective and environmentally compatible, intumescent flame retardant based on a modified and intercalated mineral of pure carbon as the halogen-free intumescent former.

As modified intercalated, carbon-containing flame retardants come z. B. modified graphite in question, which expand when heated to temperatures above 150 ° C. Such graphites are known and commercially available. You can as a propellant z. B. NOx, SOx, halogens or strong acids incorporated. Preference is given to NO x and SO x expandable graphites.

Particularly effective intumescent constituents include expanded graphite produced by chemical treatment of graphite. In this case, graphite is treated with substances, usually strong acids and / or oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate. The acids and / or oxidants are incorporated in the lattice structure of the graphite. By this incorporation into the graphite structure, the layer spacings of the graphite layers are widened. Under the influence of heat, such a pre-treated graphite will expand in case of fire with a large increase in volume.

Expandable graphite is suitable as a flame retardant additive, since under heat a protective intumescent layer is formed on the surface, which slows down the expansion of the fire and counteracts the spread of toxic gases and smoke.

The expandable graphite can z. B. as a flaky or flaky powder, as granules or in the form of preformed particles. There are also mixtures of expanded graphite of various shapes and / or types in question. The expandable graphite can already be partially expanded before it is used.

Preferably, the intumescence starts at the lowest possible temperatures in order to ensure a faster response of the equipped building components in the event of a fire. The intumescent fire retardant preferably has a low activation temperature of less than 250 ° C, wherein the onset of swelling between 100 ° C and 300 ° C, in particular between 140 ° C and 210 ° C. Particularly advantageous is a targeted mixing ratio between small and large Blähvolumina proven, z. At 1000 ° C: about 40% 60 to 200 cm ³ / g and 60% 400 to 700 cm ³ / g. According to the The particle sizes of the graphite are to be selected and can predominantly vary between 40 and 400 μm. The surface of the fire retardant is pH-neutral, whereby the pH value can range up to 10 (alkaline / basic). The effectiveness of the fire retardant can be significantly improved by admixtures of specially adapted additives, preferably inorganic fire retardants, preferably phosphate acid, and / or starch-based organic substances with function to include the wood fiber (capsule effect), preferably on a vegetable basis.

The invention provides special application methods or dosage forms in connection with production-wise appropriate application sites. These are described in more detail below, including the necessary chemical adjustments of the fire retardant.

application methods

Dosage forms of the fire retardant

The fire retardant can be introduced in pure form as a powder in the process or as a mixture, incorporated in an emulsion, a foam, a gel or binder.

Possible applications of the fire retardant are in the refiner, in the preheater, in the plug screw between the preheater and grinding discs), in the blowline (between refiner and current dryer), in the glue tower (area of dry gluing of the fibers), during the spreading process, into the mixing tank (for the Production in wet process).

The possible administration forms and application methods or times of introduction are u. a. feasible in the following embodiments:

First embodiment - powder

Variant 1 - wet process

The first embodiment of the invention in the first variant relates to a method for producing fire-retardant, lignocellulose fiber-containing insulation boards / mats in the wet process according to steps A and B from a mixture containing lignocellulosic fibers and intumescent fire retardant, wherein the intumescent fire retardant in the form of expanded graphite dry and in pure form as a powder in step B1 and / or B2 and / or B3 (in the mixing vessel) is added.

Variant 2 - Dry process

The second variant of the first embodiment of the invention relates to a process for the preparation of fire-retardant, lignocellulose fiber-containing insulation boards / mats by steps A and C from a mixture containing lignocellulosic fibers and intumescent fire retardant, wherein the intumescent fire retardant in the form of expandable graphite dry and in Pure form is introduced as a powder in step C2 (Beleimturm) or in step C4 (directly in the scattering process) in the process.

The advantages of the pulverulent supply of the intumescent fire retardant lie in the low cost of material preparation, since the fire retardant does not need to be additionally modified.

Second Exemplary Embodiment - Supply of the Fire Protection Agent Integrated in Emulsion

To the i.d.R. To make powdered fire retardant pumpable and sprayable, it can be incorporated in an emulsion as a carrier material. To form the emulsion, an emulsifier (bifunctional silanes or ethylated fatty acid) is added to the water.

Variant 1 - wet process

The second embodiment of the invention according to the first variant relates to a method for producing fire-retardant, lignocellulose fiber-containing insulation boards / mats in the wet process according to steps A and B from a mixture containing lignocellulosic fibers and intumescent fire retardant, wherein the intumescent fire retardant in the form of expandable graphite incorporated in an emulsion as a carrier material in at least one of the steps A1, A2, A3 or A4 (preheating to defibration) and / or in step B1 and / or B2 and / or B3 (in the mixing chest) is added.

Variant 2 - Dry process

The second variant of the second embodiment of the invention relates to a process for the preparation of fire-retardant, lignocellulose fiber-containing insulation boards / mats in a dry process according to steps A and C from a mixture containing lignocellulosic fibers and intumescent fire retardant, wherein the intumescent fire retardant in the form of expandable graphite incorporated in a Emulsion as a carrier material in at least one of the steps A1, A2, A3 or A4 (preheating to defibration) and / or in step C2 (in the Beleim Tower) and / or in step C4 (directly in the scattering process) is introduced into the process.

The advantages of supplying the intumescent fire retardant incorporated in an emulsion as support material are in the good distribution when mixed with lignocellulosic fibers. This form of administration works particularly well in the defibrator or refiner, because the fire-retardant is very finely divided by the mechanical work of the defibrator or refiner and, when incorporated into the emulsion, can adhere very well to the lignocellulose fibers.

Third Embodiment - Supply of fire-retardant incorporated in foam

In particular, to ensure optimum distribution, the i.d.R. applied powdered fire retardant embedded in a stable foam. For foam production, water and anionic / cationic additives (foaming agents) are mixed in a special aggregate and a foam is formed. Alternatively, the foam may also be formed by means of water with the addition of a foaming silicate binder. In order to prevent the foam from collapsing after a certain time, the foam structure is additionally stabilized. For this purpose, an ether-based, carboxymetylcellulose-containing additive is used as foam stabilizer. In addition, a surface modifier is used, which reduces the surface tension. This results in a better binding force between the fire retardant and lignocellulosic fibers.

The third embodiment of the invention accordingly relates to a process for the production of fire-retardant, lignocellulose fiber-containing insulation boards / mats in the dry process according to steps A and C from a mixture containing lignocellulosic fibers and intumescent fire retardant, wherein the intumescent fire retardant in the form of expandable graphite incorporated in foam as a carrier material in step C2 (in the blowline or Beleimturm) and / or in step C4 (directly in the scattering process) is introduced into the process.

The advantages of supplying the intumescent fire-retardant incorporated in foam as support material are the very low addition amount of water, the good distribution in the mixture with lignocellulosic fibers, and the protection of the structure of the fire retardant.

Fourth Exemplary Embodiment - Supply of the Fire Protection Agent Integrated in Gel

In particular, to ensure optimum distribution, the i.d.R. powdered fire retardant incorporated into a gel and embedded in this carrier material supplied to the lignocellulosic fibers. For gel preparation, water glass and a silica dispersion (as so-called nanosol) are mixed in a special aggregate and the gel is formed. To modify the rheology of the gel structure, a starch-based cellulose ether is added. Furthermore, the gel serves as a bonding agent between the fire retardant and lignocellulosic fibers.

The fourth embodiment of the invention accordingly relates to a process for the production of fire-retardant, lignocellulose fiber-containing insulation boards / mats by steps A and C from a mixture containing lignocellulosic fibers and intumescent fire retardant, wherein the intumescent fire retardant in the form of expandable graphite incorporated in gel as a carrier material in step C2 (in the blowline or Beleimturm) and / or in step C4 (directly in the scattering process) is introduced into the process.

Advantages of the fourth embodiment

The advantages of supplying the intumescent fire-retardant incorporated in gel as support material are the very low addition amount of water, the good distribution in the mixture with lignocellulosic fibers and the protection of the structure of the fire retardant.

Fifth Embodiment - Supply of the fire-retardant incorporated in binder

According to the fifth embodiment of the invention, the fire retardant is mixed or mixed directly into the binder system. For this purpose, the binder system can be diluted to ensure better mixing and subsequent distribution to the lignocellulosic fibers. The binder systems used are preferably adhesive systems based on isocyanate, synthetic resin and PVAC as well as casein and starch-based natural glues. In addition, the combination with adhesive systems based on aqueous silicate is conceivable.

The fifth embodiment of the invention thus relates to a process for the preparation of fire-retardant, lignocellulose fiber-containing insulation boards / mats in the dry process according to steps A and C of a mixture containing lignocellulosic fibers and intumescent fire retardant, wherein the intumescent Brandschutzmittel in the form of expandable graphite incorporated in binder as a carrier material in step C2 (in the blowline or Beleimturm) and / or in step C4 (directly in the scattering process) is introduced into the process.

The advantages of supplying the intumescent fire-retardant incorporated in the binder as carrier material lie in the relatively low intervention in the previous application process and the good distribution in the mixture with lignocellulosic fibers.

It is also within the scope of the invention that the fire retardant forms an aerosol. In this case, the (swelling) graphite by means of an organic compound, e.g. Ammonium triphosphate, which also fulfills the function of a flame retardant modified. This reduces the surface tension of the graphite particles. The lower surface tension of the particles increases their flow or flowability. Thus, the prerequisites are given to form a heterogeneous mixture (dispersion) of solid suspended particles in a gas, with which the modified graphite is present as aerosol particles or aerosol particles.

• • Optimale Gleichverteilung der Partikel
• • Optimale Rieselfähigkeit
• • Verstopfungs- und störungsfreie Zudosierung des Partikelgemischs

The placement of the fire retardant in the dosage form as an aerosol is preferably carried out in the blowline or dry gluing. In a high-performance mixer, the powder components, for example expandable graphite and aluminum trihydroxide or, alternatively, fumed silica (Aerosil), are preferably mixed in an optimum uniform distribution. The equally distributed mixture can be conveyed by means of under- or overpressure into a special container. The container preferably has all-round air intakes into which air is blown via built-in valves. Above each valve is preferably disposed an elastic lip which generates an air vibration. The combination of all-round air bubbles and generated air vibrations keeps all particles moving and prevents adhesion between individual particles. This can achieve the following result:

• • Optimum uniform distribution of the particles
• • Optimal flowability
• • Clogging and trouble-free metering of the particle mixture

Subsequently, the particle mixture is applied by means of negative or positive pressure on the fiber flow located in the channel.

In the blowline, the dry mixture can be applied to the fibers together with a liquid fire retardant.

Further dosage form

It is also within the scope of the invention that the fire retardant forms a mixture of expandable graphite and a nanosole, consisting of and premixed with waterglass (sodium or potassium silicate) and preferably 10% of silica sols. This mixture is preferably added in the refiner or in the blowline.

• - Holzfaserdämmplatte im Trockenverfahren:
  • ○ Dicke: 10 bis 300 mm
  • ○ Dichte: 80 bis 300 kg/m³
• - Holzfaserdämmplatte im Nassverfahren:
  • ○ Dicke: 4 bis 250 mm
  • ○ Dichte: 80 bis 300 kg/m³
• - Flexible Holzfaserdämmmatte:
  • ○ Dicke: 10 bis 400 mm vorzugsweise bis 300 mm
  • ○ Dichte: 35 bis 80 kg/m³
• - Einblasdämmung:
  • ○ Dicke: je nach Bauteildicke
  • ○ Dichte: Einblasrohdichten 20 bis 60 kg/m³

Four different wood fiber insulation product types can be prepared in accordance with the invention from the mixture containing fibers based on renewable raw materials, such. As lignocellulosic fibers, and a physical and / or a chemical fire retardant are made, namely:

• - Wood fiber insulation board in dry process:
  • ○ Thickness: 10 to 300 mm
  • ○ Density: 80 to 300 kg / m ³
• - Wood fiber insulation board in wet process:
  • ○ Thickness: 4 to 250 mm
  • ○ Density: 80 to 300 kg / m ³
• - Flexible wood fiber insulating mat:
  • ○ Thickness: 10 to 400 mm, preferably up to 300 mm
  • ○ Density: 35 to 80 kg / m ³
• - Blow-in insulation:
  • ○ Thickness: depending on component thickness
  • ○ Density: blowing densities 20 to 60 kg / m ³

The invention is not limited to the described embodiments. Meaningful developments of the inventions will become apparent to those skilled in the art by combinations of the features disclosed in the description, the claims and the drawings.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102009005155 B4 [0004]
• EP 2208594 B1 [0004]

Cited non-patent literature

• DIN EN 4102 [0002]
• DIN EN 13501-1 [0002]

Claims (10)

A process for producing fire-retardant insulating panels / mats from a mixture containing fibers based on renewable raw materials and a physical and / or a chemical fire retardant. Method according to Claim 1 , characterized in that in a step A of the method, the provision of fibers based on renewable raw materials takes place, preferably by performing at least one of the following substeps: a. Step A1: Providing a fibrous, renewable raw material, preferably sawing residues, preferably rind, chippings, and / or wood chips, preferably from softwood. b. Step A2: preheating the fibrous, renewable raw material, preferably in a preheater. c. Step A3: conveying the fiber-containing, renewable raw material, preferably in a stuffing screw. d. Step A4: Defibration of the fibrous, renewable raw material, preferably in a refiner, to obtain the fibers. Method according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that in a step B of the method, the production of the insulating panels / mats is carried out in the wet process, preferably by performing at least one of the following sub-steps: a. Step B1: mixing the fibers with water to a pulp, preferably with a share of up to 98% water. b. Step B2: Addition of additives to the pulp, preferably resinous or bituminous substances, preferably for increasing the strength and / or imparting water-repellent properties. c. Step B3: intermediate storage of the mash, preferably in laid paper on a molding machine. d. Step B4: forming the pulp into a fiber cake. e. Step B5: dewatering of the fiber cake, preferably by mechanical pressing of the water contained in the fiber cake. f. Step B6: Cutting the fiber cake. G. Step B7: drying of the fiber cake blank, preferably in a drying tunnel, preferably at temperatures between 110 and 220 ° C. H. Step B8: Bonding a plurality of fiber cake blanks to a multi-layer insulation board / mat. i. Step B9: Cutting the insulation board / mat. Method according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that in a step C of the method, the production of the insulating panels / mats takes place in a dry process, preferably under execution of at least one of the following sub-steps: a. Step C1: drying of the fibers, preferably immediately after step A4, preferably in a current dryer, preferably to a moisture content in the range of 2 to 12%, preferably to a moisture content in the range of 3 to 10%, more preferably to a moisture content in the range of 4 to 9%, most preferably to a moisture content in the range of 7 to 9% in each case based on the dry mass of the fibers. b. Step C2: Mixing of the fibers with binder, preferably by mixer gluing, blow-line gluing and / or dry gluing, preferably in a gluing tower, in a blow-line or in a dry gluing device. c. Step C3: Addition of synthetic textile fibers or fibers based on renewable raw materials to increase the fiber flexibility and various additives to improve other properties. d. Step C4: Producing a scattering of fibers, optionally binder and / or further additions, preferably in a spreader. e. Step C5: Pressing the scattering to insulation boards / mats, preferably by a calibration and curing unit. f. Step C6: Harden the insulation panels / mats, preferably by a mixture of steam and air. G. Step C7: Cutting the insulation boards / mats. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the formation of the mixture, a fire retardant is used with at least one of the following features: a. The fire retardant is an intumescent fire retardant. b. The fire retardant is a chemical or chemical fire retardant, preferably ammonium phosphate. c. The activation temperature of the fire retardant is in the range of 100 ° C to 300 ° C, preferably in the range of 120 ° C to 250 ° C. d. The fire retardant comprises various components, preferably components with different inflation volumes, wherein preferably the blowing volume of a first component at 1000 ° C 0.01 to 0.5 times, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 times the Blähvoulumen the second component at 1000 ° C. is, wherein the swelling volume of the first component at 1000 ° C, for example in the range of 60 cm ³ / g to 200 cm ³ / g and the swelling volume of the second component at 1000 ° C, for example in the range of 400 to 700 cm ³ / g , wherein particularly preferably the mixing ratio of the first to the second component is in the range of 1: 1 to 1: 2, in particular 1: 1.5. e. The fire retardant mainly comprises particles with particle sizes between 40 and 400 microns. f. The fire retardant has a pH in the range of 3 (neutral) to 10 (alkaline / basic), preferably in the range of 7 to 9. G. The fire retardant contains a blowing agent, preferably incorporated in the molecular structure. H. The fire retardant comprises at least one of the following additives: i. Inorganic fire retardants. ii. Starch-based organic substances with fiber inclusion properties, preferably plant-based. iii. Synergetic additives, preferably in an addition of up to 30 weight percent, preferably up to 10 weight percent. i. The fire retardant is or contains graphite, preferably expandable graphite, preferably NOx and / or SOx expandable graphite. j. The fire retardant is modified and / or intercalated and / or carbon-containing. k. The fire retardant is made by chemical treatment with strong acids and / or oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide or potassium permanganate. I. The fire retardant is present in a dosage of 3 to 30 weight percent, preferably 5 to 10 weight percent, based on a dry weight of the fibers. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fire-retardant is mixed with the fibers in at least one of the following states to form a mixture: a. The fire retardant has a state of intumescence that has not yet begun or is partially completed. b. The fire retardant is powdery, preferably flaky or flaky, granular and / or particulate. c. The fire retardant is a mixture, preferably an emulsion, a gel, a foam, an aerosol, a suspension or a mixture. d. The fire retardant is incorporated in an emulsion as a carrier material, wherein the emulsion is preferably formed from water and an emulsifier, preferably bifunctional silanes or ethylated fatty acid. e. The fire retardant is incorporated in foam as a carrier material, preferably by carrying out at least one of the following substeps: i. Formation of a foam, preferably of water and anionic / cationic additives and / or a foaming silicate binder as a foaming agent. ii. Stabilization of the foam structure, preferably using an ether-based, carboxymetylcellulose-containing additive as foam stabilizer. iii. Surface modification of the fire retardant to reduce the surface tension in order to obtain a better bonding power to the fibers. iv. Incorporation of the fire-retardant into the foam. f. The fire retardant is incorporated in gel as carrier material, preferably by carrying out at least one of the following partial steps: i. Formation of the gel, preferably by mixing water glass and a Silziumdioxiddispersion (as so-called nanosol). ii. Modifying the rheology of the gel structure, preferably by adding a starch-based cellulose ether. Furthermore, the gel serves as a bonding agent between Blähgrafit and fibers. iii. Incorporation of the fire-retardant into the gel. G. The fire retardant forms a mixture with a binder, preferably with a binder, which has at least one of the following constituents: i. An adhesive, preferably an adhesive based on isocyanate and / or PVAC and / or synthetic resin, for example formaldehyde-crosslinking resin systems such as urea resin, melamine resin, resorcinol resin, phenolic resin and mixed resin systems formed therefrom, and / or an aqueous nanostructured silicate-based adhesive. ii. A glue, preferably a natural glue, preferably based on casein and / or starch. H. The fire retardant forms an aerosol, wherein the fire retardant is preferably in particulate form and modified by an organic compound so that the surface tension of the particles is reduced and their flowability is increased to form a heterogeneous mixture of solid suspended particles in a gas. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fire-retardant is mixed in at least one of the following method steps with the fibers to form a mixture: a. In step A, preferably in at least one of substeps A1, A2, A3, A4 and / or between two of these substeps. b. In step B, preferably in at least one of substeps B1, B2 or B3, and / or between two of these substeps. c. In step C, preferably in at least one of substeps C1, C2 or C4, and / or between two of these substeps. d. Between steps A and B and / or between steps A and C Insulating board / mat made of a mixture containing fibers based on renewable raw materials and a physical and / or a chemical fire retardant, preferably by the method according to one of the preceding claims. Insulation board / mat after Claim 8 , characterized in that the insulation board / - mat is formed in one of the following: a. As Holzfaserdämmplatte, prepared by the wet process, preferably after step B, wherein the Holzfaserdämmplatte preferably at least one of the following features: i. The thickness of the wood fiber insulation board is in the range of 4 to 250 mm, preferably in the range of 40 to 200 mm, preferably in the range of 50 to 200 mm. ii. The density of the wood fiber insulation board is in the range of 80 to 250 kg / m ³ , preferably in the range of 110 to 250 kg / m ³ , preferably in the range of 160 to 220 kg / m ³ . b. As Holzfaserdämmplatte prepared by the dry process, preferably after step C, wherein the Holzfaserdämmplatte preferably at least one of the following features: i. The thickness of the wood fiber insulation board is in the range of 10 to 300 mm, preferably in the range of 60 to 240 mm. ii. The density of the wood fiber insulation board is in the range of 80 to 300 kg / m ³ , preferably in the range of 100 to 250 kg / m ³ , preferably in the range of 120 to 200 kg / m ³ . c. As a flexible wood-fiber insulating mat, wherein the wood-fiber insulating mat preferably has at least one of the following features: i. The thickness of the wood fiber insulating mat is in the range of 10 to 400 mm, preferably in the range of 50 to 300 mm, preferably in the range of 100 to 200 mm. ii. The density of the wood fiber insulating mat is in the range of 35 to 80 kg / m ³ , preferably in the range of 40 to 75 kg / m ³ , preferably in the range of 40 to 55 kg / m ³ . A blown insulation material produced from a mixture containing fibers based on renewable raw materials and a physical and / or a chemical fire-retardant, preferably by the method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the blow-in insulation preferably has a density in the range of 20 to 60 kg / m ³ , more preferably has a density in the range of 28 to 40 kg / m ³ .