DE102016010333B4 - Portable combustion device for heating an interior of a vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

Portable combustion device for heating an interior of a vehicle, in particular for de-icing a windscreen of the vehicle, the combustion device (1) having a fuel store (2) for storing a fuel (3), a burner (4), a transport device (5) for transporting the fuel (3) from the fuel store (2) into the burner (4) and a combustion chamber (6) which is partially delimited by a cover (7) which has openings (8) for the supply of a gaseous oxidizing agent and by the thermal energy can be discharged and/or radiated out of the combustion chamber (6), the burner (4) having at least one outlet (10) from which the fuel (3) can pass from the burner (4) into the combustion chamber (6), wherein the combustion device (1) has an ignition device, by means of which the fuel (3) or a mixture with the fuel (3) and the oxidizing agent at the outlet (10) of the burner (4) can be ignited, at the outlet (10) of the burner (4 ) a flame (11) can be generated and/or combustion can be started and the outlet (10) of the burner (4) is arranged in such a way that the flame (11) at the outlet (10) of the burner (4) has at least one Part of the fuel (3) can be heated in the burner (4) at least up to the burning point of the fuel (3), the combustion device (1) having a switch-off device (17) to end combustion and/or to extinguish the flame (11) on outlet (10) of each combustion tube (9), the shut-off device (17) having an air flow generator (18) and an air flow distributor (19) with openings (20), and with an opening (20) of the air flow distributor (19) just below the outlet (10) of each combustion tube (9) is arranged.

Description

The present invention relates to a portable combustion device for heating an interior of a vehicle, in particular for de-icing a windscreen of a vehicle, according to claim 1.

Devices of the type in question are used in particular when the outside temperature is low and in a vehicle that is parked—usually outdoors. Consequences of such framework conditions are typically a low interior temperature of the vehicle and an icy windshield of the vehicle. A low internal temperature is perceived as unpleasant. An icy windscreen restricts visibility and poses a risk to road safety.

To remedy this, various heating devices have been developed which function without the vehicle's engine being running. These include electric or fuel-powered parking heaters that are permanently installed in the vehicle. In addition, there are also portable heating devices that can be operated electrically or by means of a fuel. The known portable heating devices have the disadvantage that their heat output is not sufficient to at least essentially completely de-ice an icy windshield. The known portable heating devices, which can be operated electrically, draw the necessary electrical energy from a battery of the vehicle, as a result of which the energy stored by the battery decreases.

The document U.S. 2,271,076 A discloses a heater comprising a container with a central opening through a top, a burner head with annularly arranged perforations, a wick tube with an imperforate side wall carried by and extending through the burner head, and a cylindrical sleeve with a larger diameter than the wick tube, carried by the burner head and extending higher than the wick tube upwards. The sleeve has a perforated side wall, a closed top end, and an open bottom end surrounding a portion of the annularly arrayed perforations through the burner head and providing a vaporization chamber above the wick tube. Another cylindrical sleeve is larger in diameter than the vaporization chamber, is spaced from and surrounds the shell and extends upwardly higher than the wick tube, the larger sleeve having a perforated side wall, an open top end and an open bottom end forming a Part of the annularly arranged perforations are surrounded by the burner head and form a combustion chamber which is open at the top and bottom around the evaporation chamber. The heater has a fine mesh screen that rests on top of the canister, spaced from and enclosing the sleeves and burner head, and a metal mesh surrounding the screen.

The document DE 10 2012 101 576 A1 discloses an evaporative burner for a mobile heater, which has at least one evaporator element for evaporating liquid fuel and a combustion chamber for flaming combustion of fuel with supplied combustion air. The evaporator element has a fuel feed section, via which fuel can be fed to the evaporator element. Furthermore, the surface of the evaporator element adjoining the combustion chamber is covered by a cover on at least one section that at least covers the fuel supply section. Furthermore, at least one fuel outlet section, which is not covered by the cover, is formed on this surface and is arranged offset relative to the fuel supply section along the main extension surface of the evaporator element.

The document DE 20 2012 000 205 U1 discloses a burner having a container defining a fuel chamber for receiving a fuel, the container having a container opening providing access to the fuel chamber and defining a combustion surface, the fuel being liquid, liquid-absorbent and refractory material disposed in the fuel chamber which at least partially fills the fuel chamber and wherein the liquid-absorbent material opposite the container opening is covered with a cover made of a liquid-permeable, refractory material. The container opening is partially covered with a cap consisting of a substantially flat portion and an adjoining substantially frusto-conical portion which reduces the cross-section of the container opening, a plurality of openings being arranged on the surface of the substantially frusto-conical portion.

The document DE 20 2009 017 066 U1 discloses a burner comprising a container for accommodating liquid fuel, the container having a cover wall and a flame opening on its upper side, a porous and gas-permeable closure body assigned to the flame opening being provided, with an evaporator device being provided inside the container, by means of which evaporation of the fuel can be effected. During combustion operation, the fuel vaporized in the vaporizer device flows exclusively through the closure body through to a combustion point located in the area of the flame opening.

The document DE 10 2008 042 487 A1 discloses a cooking appliance, in particular a vegetable oil cooker, with a burner unit which is designed to generate an open flame by burning a liquid fuel. In order to operate the cooking appliance safely, the burner unit is mounted on a base unit which has a plurality of ventilation openings.

The document DE 12 51 452 A discloses a starting device for the automatic ignition of a shell burner operated with fuel oil, in which, in addition to a fuel oil supply line leading from a fuel oil tank via a measuring vessel, a pilot fuel line for special liquid pilot fuel is provided, which has an ignition chamber provided with an ignition device at its end leading to the shell burner, the Pilot fuel line is fitted with a shut-off device which, after switching on the ignition device, allows a metered quantity of pilot fuel to flow into the shell burner equipped with a heat sensor and, after the heat sensor has heated up sufficiently, opens a solenoid valve in the heating oil supply line.

The document DE 10 2007 037 880 A1 discloses a cooking appliance with a burner, which is designed to generate an open flame by burning a fuel, and a flame guide element, which surrounds the burner on the circumference, the flame guide element being surrounded on the circumference by a heat insulation element arranged at a distance from the flame guide element.

The document GB 2 254 913 A discloses a portable heating device suitable for providing forced convection heating of a confined or relatively confined space, such as the interior of a vehicle, prior to use. The heater is designed to be fueled by at least one replaceable reservoir.

A portable combustion device for heating an interior of a vehicle is known from practice. The known combustion device works without pressure and has a fuel store for storing a liquid fuel, a burner, a transport device for transporting the fuel from the fuel store into the burner and a combustion chamber. The combustion chamber is partially delimited by a cover which has openings for the supply of a gaseous oxidizing agent and through which thermal energy can be dissipated and/or radiated out of the combustion chamber. The burner has at least one outlet from which the fuel can pass from the burner into the combustion chamber.

In the known combustion device, the fuel contains ethanol. The fuel is ignitable at the outlet of the burner by means of a lighter which is not part of the combustion device. When the ambient temperature is low, it is difficult to ignite the fuel. With each combustion process, the transport device of the known combustion device wears out. The known combustion device provides a heat output of only 1500 W.

The object of the present invention is to improve the known combustion device with regard to the heating output, the possible uses, the functionality at low ambient temperatures, the handling and/or the wear.

The task described above is solved by the combustion device according to claim 1 . Preferred configurations of this combustion device are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

A basic idea of the present invention is that the combustion device has an ignition device, by means of which the fuel or a mixture with the fuel and the oxidizing agent can be ignited at the outlet of the burner, a flame can be generated at the outlet of the burner and/or combustion can be started . This makes an external ignition device unnecessary.

The outlet of the burner is arranged in such a way that at least part of the fuel in the burner can be heated at least up to the fire point of the fuel by means of the flame at the outlet of the burner. The term "fire point" refers to that temperature of the fuel at which the fuel or a mixture with the fuel and the oxidizing agent can be ignited and combustion continues when the ignition device is no longer active.

Due to this heating, the fuel in the burner spreads and exits the burner into the combustion chamber at the outlet of the burner. The fuel or a mixture with the fuel and the oxidant is then ignited there by means of the flame at the outlet of the burner. There is thus a cycle: the flame of the ignited fuel or mixture causes further flammable fuel to flow in and be ignited.

In contrast to a candle, in the present invention the effecting of the ignitability of the fuel and the actual ignition are decoupled or spatially separated from one another. In particular, no flame is formed on the transport device. As a result, wear and tear on the transport device is avoided or at least significantly reduced.

The combustion device according to the invention does not draw energy from a vehicle battery.

In order to end combustion and/or to extinguish the flame at the outlet of each combustion tube, the combustion device according to the invention has a switch-off device. The shutdown device has an air flow generator and an air flow distributor with openings. An air flow distributor opening is located just below the outlet of each combustion tube.

Preferably, at least part of the fuel in the burner can be heated at least up to the burning point of the fuel by means of the ignition device. The ignitability of the fuel and the actual ignition can thus be brought about by means of the ignition device when the combustion device according to the invention is switched on. Consequently, the fuel can be ignited even when the ambient temperature is low. Part of the fuel in the burner is quasi preheated by means of the ignition device.

In a preferred embodiment of the combustion device according to the invention, the fuel is stored in liquid form in the fuel reservoir, the fuel contains ethanol, in particular bioethanol, and/or the fuel can be vaporized in the burner by means of the flame.

It is preferred if the transport device is at least partially arranged in the burner and preferably has capillaries, in particular at least one wick with capillaries, through which the fuel can get from the fuel store into the burner. The transport of the fuel from the fuel store into the burner is designed to be interruptible.

The burner is preferably made of a thermally conductive material.

With these features, the combustion device according to the invention can be operated as follows. First, the liquid fuel can be transported from the fuel store into the burner by means of the transport device due to the capillary effect. When the combustion device according to the invention is switched on, the ignition device is actuated. By means of the ignition device, part of the fuel in the burner is heated above the focal point and vaporized. The gaseous fuel expands in the burner and enters the combustion chamber at the outlet of the burner. At the outlet, the fuel or a mixture with the fuel and the oxidizing agent is ignited by means of the ignition device. A flame develops at the outlet of the burner and combustion is initiated. The ignition device can now switch off. The flame at the outlet provides a follow-up flow of vaporized and ignitable fuel.

The burner preferably has at least one combustion tube, with at least one section of the combustion tube arranged in the combustion chamber being bent, preferably with a bending radius of between 15 mm and 20 mm. The at least one outlet of the burner is arranged on the burner tube, preferably in such a way that the outlet is located below a partial area of the curved or another section of the burner tube.

It has proven to be advantageous e.g. for the flame pattern, if the at least one combustion tube has an outer diameter of between 5 mm and 11 mm, preferably approx. 6 mm, and/or an inner diameter of between 4 mm and 10 mm, preferably approx. 5 mm, and/or the outlet is circular with a diameter of between 0.5mm and 1.5mm, preferably about 0.8mm.

The size of the outlet and the cross-sectional area of the transport device have a significant influence on the flame pattern. If the outlet is too small, the speed of the fuel flowing out is so great that the flame goes out. If the outlet is too large, more fuel flows out and burns than evaporates in the combustion tube or on the transport device, so that the flame goes out. The cross-sectional area of the transport device affects the amount of fuel transported. The larger the cross-sectional area of the transport device, the more fuel can be transported and vaporized. As with the size of the outlet, care must also be taken with the cross-sectional area of the transport device that the quantity of fuel transported is sufficient to continue the combustion process. However, the cross-sectional area of the transport device should be chosen so small that the escaping fuel (vapour) does not extinguish the flame.

The largest possible contact surface between the transport device and the inner surface of the combustion tube is advantageous. Thus, by means of the thermally conductive combustion tube, more thermal energy can be used in the transport device Fuel are conducted and delivered to the fuel.

• - eine Abgabeeinrichtung zur Abgabe eines Zündbrennstoffs,
  • ◯ vorzugsweise wobei die Abgabeeinrichtung einen Zündbrennstoffspeicher und ein Betätigungselement zum Auslösen der Abgabeeinrichtung hat,
  • ◯ vorzugsweise wobei die Abgabeeinrichtung ein Feuerzeug aufweist,
  • ◯ vorzugsweise wobei der Zündbrennstoff einen Brennpunkt von weniger als -15 °C hat und/oder Butangas enthält,
• - eine Betätigungseinrichtung zur Betätigung des Betätigungselements der Abgabeeinrichtung,
  • ◯ vorzugsweise wobei die Betätigungseinrichtung eine Stellmechanik, bevorzugt mit einem Schneckengetriebe, einen die Stellmechanik antreibenden Motor und/oder eine Energiequelle, bevorzugt mindestens eine Batterie, umfasst,
• - eine Zündbrennstoffleitung zum Transport des Zündbrennstoffs von der Abgabeeinrichtung in den Brennraum,
  • ◯ wobei die Zündbrennstoffleitung einen Zündauslass aufweist,
  • ◯ vorzugsweise wobei die Zündbrennstoffleitung zumindest im Brennraum mittels eines Teflonmantels isoliert ist, und
• - einen Zünder, mittels dem der Zündbrennstoff oder ein Gemisch mit dem Zündbrennstoff und dem Oxidationsmittel am Zündauslass entzündbar und/oder am Zündauslass eine Zündflamme erzeugbar ist,
  • ◯ vorzugsweise wobei der Zünder eine elektrische Schaltung umfasst, mittels der eine Hochspannung zwischen der Zündbrennstoffleitung und dem Brenner, insbesondere einem Brennrohr, anlegbar und dadurch am Zündauslass ein elektrischer Durchschlag zum Entzünden des Zündbrennstoffs oder eines Gemischs mit dem Zündbrennstoff und dem Oxidationsmittel erzeugbar ist,
    • ▪ wobei bevorzugt ist, wenn die elektrische Schaltung eine Gegentaktschaltung und einen Spannungsvervielfacher, insbesondere eine Villard-Schaltung, aufweist und/oder an die Energiequelle der Betätigungseinrichtung angeschlossen ist,
  • ◯ vorzugsweise wobei der Zündauslass so angeordnet ist, dass mittels der Zündflamme zumindest ein Teil des Brennstoffs in dem Brenner zumindest bis zum Brennpunkt des Brennstoffs erhitzbar ist.

In an advantageous embodiment of the ignition device, it has:

• - a dispensing device for dispensing a pilot fuel,
  • ◯ preferably wherein the dispensing device has an ignition fuel reservoir and an actuating element for triggering the dispensing device,
  • ◯ preferably wherein the dispensing device comprises a lighter,
  • ◯ preferably where the pilot fuel has a fire point of less than -15 °C and/or contains butane gas,
• - an actuating device for actuating the actuating element of the dispensing device,
  • ◯ preferably wherein the actuating device comprises an adjusting mechanism, preferably with a worm gear, a motor driving the adjusting mechanism and/or an energy source, preferably at least one battery,
• - a pilot fuel line for transporting the pilot fuel from the delivery device to the combustion chamber,
  • ◯ where the pilot fuel line has an ignition outlet,
  • ◯ preferably with the pilot fuel line being insulated at least in the combustion chamber by means of a Teflon jacket, and
• - an igniter, by means of which the ignition fuel or a mixture with the ignition fuel and the oxidizing agent can be ignited at the ignition outlet and/or an ignition flame can be generated at the ignition outlet,
  • ◯ preferably wherein the igniter comprises an electrical circuit, by means of which a high voltage can be applied between the pilot fuel line and the burner, in particular a combustion tube, and thus an electrical breakdown for igniting the pilot fuel or a mixture with the pilot fuel and the oxidizing agent can be generated at the ignition outlet,
    • ▪ It is preferred if the electrical circuit has a push-pull circuit and a voltage multiplier, in particular a Villard circuit, and/or is connected to the energy source of the actuating device,
  • ◯ preferably wherein the ignition outlet is arranged in such a way that at least part of the fuel in the burner can be heated at least up to the fire point of the fuel by means of the ignition flame.

When using the worm gear, components and bearing points can be saved. In this way, a high gear ratio can be achieved with just one pair of gears.

To generate an electrical breakdown, the breakdown voltage must be exceeded. In a preferred embodiment of the combustion device according to the invention, the breakdown voltage is about 4 kV to about 12 kV. When using one or more 9 V batteries as a voltage source, the voltage must be stepped up. In this case, the push-pull circuit can be used. Two transistors generate a square-wave AC voltage from a DC voltage. Since the resulting voltage is not yet sufficiently high, the voltage can be further increased by means of the voltage multiplier. The Villard circuit can be used for this. By linking these circuits, any high voltage can be generated with a correspondingly low current.

• - die Brennrohre nebeneinander angeordnet sind, bevorzugt in einem Abstand zwischen 2 mm und 8 mm, besonders bevorzugt von ca. 6 mm,
• - in jedem Brennrohr ein Teil der Transporteinrichtung, insbesondere jeweils mindestens ein Docht mit Kapillaren, zum Transport des Brennstoffs aus dem Brennstoffspeicher in das jeweilige Brennrohr angeordnet ist,
• - jedes Brennrohr einen Auslass hat, aus dem der Brennstoff aus dem jeweiligen Brennrohr in den Brennraum gelangen kann und an dem der Brennstoff oder ein Gemisch mit dem Brennstoff und dem Oxidationsmittel entzündbar ist und/oder am Auslass des jeweiligen Brennrohrs eine Flamme erzeugbar ist,
  • ◯ wobei bevorzugt ist, wenn zumindest ein Auslass so angeordnet ist, dass mittels der Flamme an diesem Auslass
    • ▪ der Brennstoff in dem Brennrohr mit diesem Auslass und in einem benachbarten Brennrohr zumindest bis zum Brennpunkt des Brennstoffs erhitzbar ist und/oder
    • ▪ der Brennstoff oder ein Gemisch mit dem Brennstoff und dem Oxidationsmittel an einem Auslass eines benachbarten Brennrohrs entzündbar ist, und/oder
• - der Zündauslass der Zündbrennstoffleitung so angeordnet ist, dass mittels der Zündflamme an dem Auslass eines der Brennrohre eine Flamme entzündbar ist.

In order to increase the heat output, it can be provided that the burner has several, in particular more than ten, preferably between 20 and 30, combustion tubes, with preferably

• - the combustion tubes are arranged next to each other, preferably at a distance of between 2 mm and 8 mm, particularly preferably of approx. 6 mm,
• - a part of the transport device, in particular at least one wick with capillaries, is arranged in each combustion tube for transporting the fuel from the fuel store into the respective combustion tube,
• - each combustion tube has an outlet from which the fuel can flow from the respective combustion tube into the combustion chamber and at which the fuel or a mixture with the fuel and the oxidizing agent can be ignited and/or a flame can be generated at the outlet of the respective combustion tube,
  • ◯ it being preferred if at least one outlet is arranged in such a way that by means of the flame at this outlet
    • ▪ the fuel in the burner tube with this outlet and in an adjacent burner tube can be heated at least up to the burning point of the fuel and/or
    • ▪ the fuel or a mixture containing the fuel and the oxidant is ignitable at an outlet of an adjacent combustor, and/or
• - the ignition outlet of the ignition fuel line is arranged in such a way that a flame can be ignited at the outlet of one of the combustion tubes by means of the ignition flame.

If z. B. 22 combustion tubes, the combustion device according to the invention can provide a heat output of more than 2600 W. This heat output is due to the mutual influence of the combustion on the combustion tubes.

The bent section of each combustion tube is preferably positioned at an end of the respective combustion tube which is arranged in the combustion chamber and the outlet of the respective combustion tube is arranged in the curved section of the respective combustion tube.

It is preferred if the air flow generator of the shutdown device has a centrifugal compressor. The air flow generator is preferably arranged outside of the combustion chamber. Using the air flow generator, air flows into the air flow distributor and out through the openings into the combustion chamber.

The combustion device according to the invention preferably has a housing. The housing can have a carrying handle and/or a filling device for filling the fuel reservoir. The dispensing device of the ignition device, the actuating device of the ignition device, at least part of the igniter of the ignition device and/or the air flow generator can be arranged in the housing. Provision can be made for the housing to be separated from the combustion chamber by means of a reflector designed as sheet metal and optionally a heat insulator, in particular a Fermacell plate.

In a preferred embodiment, the combustion device according to the invention has at least one sensor for determining a temperature and/or the thickness of an ice layer, a control device for controlling a burning time and/or a burning temperature, a sensor for determining the position, a control device for controlling the position of the combustion device and/or a Sensor for determining the filling level of the fuel storage tank.

The combustion device according to the invention preferably has a communication interface, by means of which control commands can be sent to a control device of the combustion device and/or information can be received from the combustion device. The combustion device according to the invention can be controlled in particular by an app.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of the description of preferred exemplary embodiments, in some cases with reference to the drawing. The features described above and/or disclosed in the claims and/or in the following description can, if required, be combined with one another but also be implemented independently of one another, even if this is not expressly described in detail.

• 1 schematisch eine perspektivische Ansicht einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen portablen Verbrennungsvorrichtung,
• 2 schematisch eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Teils eines Brennraums und eines Brennstoffspeichers der portablen Verbrennungsvorrichtung aus 1,
• 3 schematisch eine vereinfachte Darstellung eines Querschnitts durch einen Brennraum und angrenzende Teile einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen portablen Verbrennungsvorrichtung, wobei zur besseren Übersichtlichkeit einige Komponenten der portablen Verbrennungsvorrichtung weggelassen sind,
• 4 schematisch eine vereinfachte Darstellung eines Querschnitts durch einen Teil einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen portablen Verbrennungsvorrichtung, wobei zur besseren Übersichtlichkeit einige Komponenten der portablen Verbrennungsvorrichtung weggelassen sind,
• 5 schematisch eine perspektivische Ansicht einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform einer Stellmechanik einer Betätigungseinrichtung einer erfindungsgemäßen portablen Verbrennungsvorrichtung.

In the drawing shows

• 1 schematically a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a portable combustion device according to the invention,
• 2 schematically shows a perspective view of part of a combustion chamber and a fuel store of the portable combustion device 1 ,
• 3 schematically shows a simplified representation of a cross section through a combustion chamber and adjoining parts of a preferred embodiment of a portable combustion device according to the invention, some components of the portable combustion device being omitted for better clarity,
• 4 schematically shows a simplified representation of a cross section through a part of a preferred embodiment of the portable combustion device according to the invention, some components of the portable combustion device being omitted for better clarity,
• 5 schematically a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of an adjusting mechanism of an actuating device of a portable combustion device according to the invention.

1 shows a schematic perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a portable combustion device 1 according to the invention for heating an interior of a vehicle, in particular for de-icing a front window of the vehicle.

In the 1 Combustion device 1 according to the invention shown has a fuel store 2 for storing a fuel 3, a burner 4, a transport device 5 for transporting the fuel 3 from the fuel store 2 into the burner 4 and a combustion chamber 6.

In the illustrated and preferred embodiment of the combustion device 1 according to the invention, the fuel 3 is stored in liquid form in the fuel reservoir 2 . The fuel 3 contains bioethanol.

The combustion chamber 6 is partially delimited by a cover 7 which has openings 8 for the supply of a gaseous oxidizing agent, namely oxygen, and through which thermal energy can be dissipated and/or radiated out of the combustion chamber 6 . The release of the thermal energy is supported by convection.

At the in 2 illustrated and preferred embodiment, the burner has 4 22 combustion tubes 9, which are arranged side by side at a distance of about 6 mm. Each combustion tube 9 consists of a thermally conductive material. A part of the transport device 5, namely part of a wick 5 with capillaries, for transporting the fuel 3 from the fuel reservoir 2 into the respective combustion tube 9 is arranged in each combustion tube 9.

Each combustion tube 9 has an outlet 10 from which the fuel 3 can reach the combustion chamber 6 from the respective combustion tube 9 and at which the fuel 3 or a mixture with the fuel 3 and the oxidizing agent can be ignited. A flame 11 can be generated at the outlet 10 of the respective combustion tube 9 .

In 21 of the 22 combustion tubes 9, the respective outlet 10 is arranged in such a way that the fuel 3 in the combustion tube 9 with this outlet 10 and in an adjacent combustion tube 9 can be heated at least up to the combustion point of the fuel 3 by means of the flame 11 at this outlet 10 and the fuel 3 or a mixture with the fuel 3 and the oxidizing agent can be ignited at the outlet 10 of an adjacent combustion tube 9 .

With 22 combustion tubes 9, the combustion device 1 according to the invention can provide a heat output of more than 2600 W. This heat output is typically sufficient to reach a temperature of approx. 16°C in the interior of the vehicle. At this interior temperature, the temperature on the outside of the vehicle's windshield reaches around 0°C. The windshield can thus be de-iced at least essentially completely.

After switching on the combustion device 1 according to the invention, a temperature of approx. 16° C. is reached at an initial temperature of approx. -15° C. after a time of approx windscreen begins to melt.

A time of approx. 54.5 minutes is required for the entire defrosting process, i.e. until the windshield is at least essentially completely defrosted. Meanwhile, approx. 181 g (≙ approx. 225 ml) bioethanol are burned. At a bioethanol price of €2 per liter, heating costs around €0.45.

The temperature of the mixture radiated or derived through the cover 7 is below 200° C., so that parts of the vehicle, such as e.g. B. Seats, do not catch fire.

The volume of the activated combustion device is below 35 dB. There are no perceptible odors, smoke or soot.

The combustion device 1 according to the invention has an ignition device, by means of which the fuel 3 or a mixture with the fuel 3 and the oxidizing agent can be ignited at the outlet 10 of at least one combustion tube 9, a flame 11 can be generated at this outlet 10 and combustion can be started.

The outlet 10 of the respective combustion tube 9 is arranged in such a way that at least part of the fuel 3 in the respective combustion tube 9 can be heated at least up to the focal point of the fuel 3 by means of the flame 11 at this outlet 10 .

As a result of this heating, part of the liquid fuel 3 in the respective combustion tube 9 evaporates, spreads in the respective combustion tube 9 and exits the combustion tube 9 at the outlet 10 of the respective combustion tube 9 into the combustion chamber 6. The fuel 3 or a mixture then becomes there ignited with the fuel 3 and the oxidizing agent by means of the flame 11 at the outlet 10 of the respective combustion tube 9 . There is thus a cycle: the flame 11 of the ignited fuel 3 or mixture causes further ignitable fuel 3 to flow in and be ignited.

At the in 2 In the illustrated and preferred embodiment, at least part of the fuel 3 in the combustion tubes 9 can be heated at least up to the fire point of the fuel 3 by means of the ignition device. Thus, the ignitability of the fuel 3 and the actual ignition can be brought about by means of the ignition device when the combustion device 1 according to the invention is switched on.

In a preferred embodiment, the ignition device has a delivery device (not shown) for delivering a pilot fuel, the delivery device containing a pilot fuel has memory and an actuating element for triggering the dispensing device. The dispensing device has a lighter here. The pilot fuel has a fire point of less than -15 °C and contains butane gas.

In the preferred embodiment, the ignition device has an actuator 12 for operating the actuator of the dispenser. The actuating device 12 has an adjusting mechanism 13 with a worm gear 14, a motor driving the adjusting mechanism and two 9 V batteries as energy sources. 5 shows a schematic perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the adjusting mechanism 13.

The worm gear is flanged to the motor and drives a gear, on the underside of which the actuating element is arranged. The operating lever can operate the gas outlet of the lighter. To prevent unwanted gas leakage, a flat coil spring resets the motor again and again. In order to prevent the worm gear from rotating further than is necessary for the end position, a reducing spur gear is flanged onto the worm gear, which rotates against a stop and thus limits the revolutions of the worm gear. The worm gear rotates exactly five revolutions from one end position to the other. In order to reduce this number to a value less than one, a gear ratio of nine is chosen. With five full turns of the worm gear, the last gear makes a turn of 200°. For this reason, a toothing is used in the last gear wheel, which only allows a rotation of 200°. The toothing ends in both end positions, so that the gear wheel stops at a pinion.

In the preferred embodiment, the ignition device has a pilot fuel line 15 for transporting the pilot fuel from the dispenser into the combustion chamber 6. When the dispenser is triggered, it discharges the pilot fuel into the pilot fuel line 15. The pilot fuel line 15 has an ignition outlet 16.

In the preferred embodiment, the ignition device has an igniter, by means of which the ignition fuel or a mixture with the ignition fuel and the oxidizing agent can be ignited at the ignition outlet 16 and an ignition flame can be generated at the ignition outlet 16 .

The igniter has an electrical circuit, by means of which a high voltage can be applied between the ignition fuel line 15 and at least one combustion tube 9 and thus an electrical breakdown can be generated at the ignition outlet 16 for igniting the ignition fuel or a mixture with the ignition fuel and the oxidizing agent. The electric circuit comprises a push-pull circuit and a voltage multiplier with a Villard circuit and is connected to the power source of the actuator 12 .

The ignition outlet 16 is arranged in such a way that at least part of the fuel 3 in the burner 4 can be heated by means of the ignition flame, at least up to the fire point of the fuel 3, and that a flame 11 can be ignited by means of the ignition flame at the outlet 10 of one of the combustion tubes 9.

At the in 2 In the preferred embodiment shown, the combustion device 1 according to the invention has a shut-off device 17 at the outlet 10 of each combustion tube 9 to end combustion and/or to extinguish the flame. The shutdown device has an air flow generator 18 with a centrifugal compressor and an air flow distributor 19, namely a distribution pipe with openings 20. Each opening 20 is arranged just below the outlet 10 of each combustion pipe 9. The air flow generator 18 is arranged outside of the combustion chamber 6 . By means of the air flow generator 18, air flows into the air flow distributor 19 and out through the openings 20 into the combustion chamber 6.

At the in 1 illustrated and preferred embodiment, the combustion device 1 according to the invention has a housing 21 . The housing 21 has a carrying handle 22 and a filling device 23 for filling the fuel reservoir 2. The discharge device of the ignition device, the actuating device 12 of the ignition device, at least part of the igniter of the ignition device and the air flow generator 18 are arranged in the housing 21.

The carrying handle 22 is attached to a rear side of the housing 21 facing away from the cover 7 . The carrying handle 22 consists of plastic and is integrated into the housing 21 .

The housing 21 is separated from the combustion chamber 6 by means of a reflector 24 designed as sheet metal and a heat insulator 25, namely a Fermacell plate 25.

For a clear explanation of a preferred embodiment of a combustion tube 9 shows 3 schematically shows a simplified representation of a cross section through a combustion chamber 6 and adjoining parts of the preferred embodiment of a portable combustion device according to the invention, some components of the portable combustion device 1 being omitted for better clarity.

At the in 3 illustrated simplified variant is a combustion tube 9 to see. A section of the combustion tube 9 arranged in the combustion chamber 6 is bent. The bending radius is about 17mm, the bending angle is about 270°. The outlet 10 is arranged on the combustion tube 9 in such a way that the outlet 10 is located below a partial area of the curved section of the combustion tube 9 .

The bent section of the burner tube 9 is positioned at an end of the respective burner tube 9 which is arranged in the combustion chamber 6 . The outlet 10 of the respective combustion tube 9 is arranged in the bent section of the respective combustion tube 9 .

The combustion tube 9 here has an outside diameter of about 6 mm and an inside diameter of about 5 mm. The outlet 10 is circular with a diameter of about 0.8 mm.

4 shows schematically a simplified representation of a cross section through part of a preferred embodiment of the portable combustion device 1 according to the invention, some components of the portable combustion device being omitted for better clarity.

The respective wick 5 protrudes from the combustion tube 9 into the fuel reservoir 2 . In the operating state of the combustion device 1 , vaporized fuel 3 is located above the wick 5 , which fuel flows to the outlet 10 and enters the combustion chamber 6 through the outlet 10 . The fuel 3 or a mixture with the fuel 3 and the oxidizing agent is ignited by the flame 11 at the outlet 10 . The flame 11 heats part of the combustion tube 9 and this part of the fuel 3 in the combustion tube 9, in particular in the wick 5. The heated fuel 3 evaporates.

A tilt of up to 8° is tolerated for the use of the combustion device according to the invention. This leads to a different filling level of the fuel reservoir 2. This difference is also reflected in the flame pattern, since the height of the rise of the fuel 3 in the respective wick 5 is greater on one side than on the other. To compensate for a misalignment, an adjusting leg can be provided, which can be adjusted in the vertical direction and fixed in several positions by means of a form fit. The form fit can be canceled by means of a blocking element. The adjusting leg can now be moved vertically between several notches. A spring pushes the adjusting leg down. By applying a force in the opposite direction, the leg can be moved in that opposite direction. The form fit can be restored by means of the blocking element.

Reference List

1

combustion device

2

fuel storage

3

fuel

4

burner

5

transport device

6

combustion chamber

7

cover for 6

8th

openings of 7

9

Combustion tube from 4

10

outlet from 9

11

flame

12

operating device

13

Adjusting mechanism from 12

14

worm gear

15

pilot fuel line

16

ignition outlet

17

shutdown device

18

air flow generator

19

airflow diffuser

20

openings from 19

21

Housing

22

carrying handle

23

filling device

24

reflector

25

thermal insulator

Claims (12)

Portable combustion device for heating an interior of a vehicle, in particular for de-icing a windscreen of the vehicle, the combustion device (1) having a fuel reservoir (2) for storing a fuel (3), a burner (4), a transport device (5) for transporting the Fuel (3) from the fuel storage (2) in the burner (4) and a combustion chamber (6) which is partially delimited by a cover (7), the openings (8) for the supply of a gaseous oxidant and through the thermal Energy can be dissipated and/or radiated out of the combustion chamber (6), the burner (4) having at least one outlet (10) from which the fuel (3) can pass from the burner (4) into the combustion chamber (6). , wherein the combustion device (1) has an ignition device, by means of which the fuel (3) or a mixture with the fuel (3) and the oxidizing agent at the outlet (10) of the burner (4) can be ignited, at the outlet (10) of the burner (4 ) a flame (11) can be generated and/or combustion can be started and the outlet (10) of the burner (4) is arranged in such a way that the flame (11) at the outlet (10) of the burner (4) at least part of the fuel (3) can be heated in the burner (4) at least up to the burning point of the fuel (3), the combustion device (1) having a switch-off device (17) to end combustion and/or to extinguish the flame (11) at the outlet (10) of each combustion tube (9), the shut-off device (17) having an air flow generator (18) and an air flow distributor (19) with openings (20) and with an opening (20) of the air flow distributor (19) just below of the outlet (10) of each combustion tube (9). Combustion device according to claim 1 , characterized in that at least part of the fuel (3) in the burner (4) can be heated at least up to the fire point of the fuel (3) by means of the ignition device. Combustion device according to claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the fuel (3) - is stored in liquid form in the fuel reservoir (2), - contains ethanol, in particular bioethanol, and/or - can be evaporated in the burner (4) by means of the flame (11). Combustion device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transport device (5) is at least partially arranged in the burner (4) and preferably has capillaries, in particular at least one wick with capillaries, through which the fuel (3) from the fuel reservoir (2 ) can get into the burner (4). Combustion device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the burner (4) consists of a thermally conductive material and/or has at least one combustion tube (9), with at least one section of the combustion tube (9) arranged in the combustion chamber (6), preferably with a bending radius between 15 mm and 20 mm, and the at least one outlet (10) of the burner (4) is arranged on the combustion tube (9), preferably in such a way that the outlet (10) is below a partial area of the bent or another Section of the combustion tube (9) is located. Combustion device according to claim 5 , characterized in that the burner tube (9) has an outer diameter between 5 mm and 11 mm, preferably about 6 mm, and / or an inner diameter between 4 mm and 10 mm, preferably about 5 mm, and / or the Outlet (10) is circular with a diameter of between 0.5mm and 1.5mm, preferably about 0.8mm. Combustion device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ignition device has the following: - a dispensing device for dispensing a pilot fuel, ◯ preferably wherein the dispensing device has a pilot fuel reservoir and an actuating element for triggering the dispensing device, ◯ preferably wherein the dispensing device has a lighter, ◯ preferably with the pilot fuel having a fire point of less than -15 °C and/or containing butane gas, - an actuating device (12) for actuating the actuating element of the dispensing device, ◯ preferably with the actuating device having an actuating mechanism (13), preferably with a worm gear (14 ), a motor driving the adjusting mechanism (13) and/or an energy source, preferably at least one battery, - a pilot fuel line (15) for transporting the pilot fuel from the delivery device into the combustion chamber (6), ◯ the pilot fuel line (15) has an ignition outlet (16), ◯ preferably wherein the ignition fuel line (15) is insulated at least in the combustion chamber (6) by means of a Teflon jacket, and - an igniter, by means of which the ignition fuel or a mixture with the ignition fuel and the oxidizing agent at the ignition outlet (16) ignitable and/or an ignition flame can be generated at the ignition outlet (16), ◯ preferably wherein the igniter comprises an electrical circuit, by means of which a high voltage can be applied between the ignition fuel line (15) and the burner (4), in particular a combustion tube (9), and as a result, an electrical breakdown can be generated at the ignition outlet (16) to ignite the ignition fuel or a mixture with the ignition fuel and the oxidizing agent, ▪ it being preferred if the electrical circuit has a push-pull circuit and a voltage multiplier, in particular a Villard circuit, and/or is connected to the energy source of the actuating device (12), ◯ preferably wherein the ignition outlet (16) is arranged in such a way that at least part of the fuel (3) in the burner (4) can be heated at least up to the burning point of the fuel (3). Combustion device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the burner (4) has several, in particular more than ten, preferably between 20 and 30, combustion tubes (9), with preferably - the combustion tubes (9) being arranged next to one another, preferably in one Distance between 2 mm and 8 mm, particularly preferably about 6 mm, - in each combustion tube (9) a part of the transport device (5), in particular at least one wick with capillaries, for transporting the fuel (3) from the fuel reservoir ( 2) is arranged in the respective combustion tube (9), - each combustion tube (9) has an outlet (10) from which the fuel (3) can reach the combustion chamber (6) from the respective combustion tube (9) and at which the fuel (3) or a mixture with the fuel (3) and the oxidizing agent can be ignited and/or a flame (11) can be generated at the outlet (10) of the respective combustion tube (9), ◯ it being preferred if at least one outlet (10) is arranged so that by means of the flame (11) at this outlet (10) ▪ the fuel (3) in the combustion tube (9) with this outlet (10) and in an adjacent combustion tube (9) at least up to the focal point of the fuel (3) can be heated and/or ▪ the fuel (3) or a mixture with the fuel (3) and the oxidizing agent can be ignited at an outlet of an adjacent combustion tube (9), and/or - the ignition outlet (16) of the Pilot fuel line (15) is arranged in such a way that a flame (11) can be ignited by means of the pilot flame at the outlet (10) of one of the combustion tubes (9). Combustion device according to claim 5 , characterized in that the bent section of each burner tube (9) is positioned at an end of the respective burner tube (9) which is arranged in the combustion chamber (6) and the outlet (10) of the respective burner tube (9) is in the bent section of the respective burner tube (9 ) is arranged. Combustion device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the combustion device (1) has a housing (21), preferably wherein - the housing (21) has a carrying handle (22) and/or a filling device (23) for filling the fuel reservoir (2 ) has, - the release device of the ignition device, the actuating device (12) of the ignition device, at least part of the igniter of the ignition device and/or the air flow generator (18) of the switch-off device (17) are arranged in the housing (21) and/or - the Housing (21) is separated from the combustion chamber (6) by means of a sheet metal reflector (24) and optionally a heat insulator (25). Combustion device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the combustion device (1) - at least one sensor for determining a temperature and/or thickness of an ice layer, - a control device for controlling a burning time and/or burning temperature, - a sensor for determining the position the combustion device (1), - a control device for controlling the position of the combustion device (1) and/or - a sensor for determining the filling level of the fuel reservoir (2). Combustion device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the combustion device (1) has a communication interface by means of which control commands can be sent to a control device of the combustion device (1) and/or information can be received from the combustion device (1).

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