DE102015108986A1 - A method of manufacturing precast components and sheet forming apparatus for use in such a method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the production of prefabricated components, in particular wall panels, of solid building materials, in particular bricks, sand-lime brick, pumice, expanded concrete, aerated concrete, concrete block, with: provision of building material elements (2); Joining the building material elements (2) to layer groups (3); Feeding the layer groups (3) to a layer forming device (1); Forming elongated Baustofflagen (5) in the layer formation device (1) having a plurality of stations, wherein the Baustofflagen (5) are conveyed transversely to its longitudinal axis from one station to another; Building prefabricated components (22) from Baustofflagen (5); Processing the prefabricated components (22) and a layer forming device (1) for use in such a method, and a manufacturing plant (100) for producing prefabricated components (22) according to such a method comprising a layer forming device (1) according to the invention.

Description

• – das Bereitstellen von Baustoffelementen (Steinen);
• – das Zusammenfügen der Baustoffelemente zu Baustofflagen;
• – das Aufbauen von Fertigbauteilen aus den Baustofflagen und
• – das Bearbeiten der Fertigbauteile.

The present invention relates to a method for the production of prefabricated components, in particular wall panels, from solid building materials, in particular bricks, sand-lime brick, pumice, expanded concrete, aerated concrete, concrete block, which comprises:

• - the provision of building material elements (stones);
• - The joining of the building material elements to Baustofflagen;
• - Building prefabricated components from the Baustofflagen and
• - Editing the prefabricated components.

Background of the invention

Prefabricated prefabricated masonry components, so-called wall panels, have long been used and are practically tested. This z. B. bricks but also uses bricks from other building materials such as limestone, pumice, expanded concrete, aerated concrete or concrete blocks. There are different - also semi-automatic - process for the production of such wall panels.

In the known method, the prefabricated components while standing on floor height from the individual building elements (stones) semi-automatic or automatically constructed and firmly connected using masonry mortar or concrete (joined). When using concrete or masonry mortar, a drying time of several hours, if necessary in a drying chamber (without drying chamber more than 24 hours), is required after installation, in order to facilitate the transport, further processing and / or offsetting at the construction site To achieve stability. Furthermore, stabilizing reinforcements are required to produce the necessary transport stability. The production volume is usually limited by the capacity of the intermediate storage or possibly the drying chamber.

On this basis, production methods for prefabricated components have also been available for some time, in which the concrete or the masonry mortar as a joining agent is replaced by special adhesive, which sets in a much shorter time. This allows significantly shorter throughput times and a higher production capacity with reduced space requirements (elimination of large intermediate storage areas or the drying chambers). Prefabricated components that are manufactured in this so-called dry adhesive technology, are transportable after less than an hour and can thus be transported immediately after production, further processed and moved / mounted.

In the currently known systems for the production of prefabricated components made of solid building materials for a daily production capacity of more than 250 m ² wall surface over 1000 m ² production area are required. In the fully automatic process, the prefabricated components are manufactured from prefabricated Baustofflagen, which are arranged layer by layer on each other. In order to manufacture individual prefabricated components, the individual building material layers are assembled individually from building material elements. For this it is necessary to manufacture the individual Baustofflagen individually. For this purpose, specially made (cut) fittings are used, which are inserted in the building material layers or in layer groups which form a building material layer.

The individual stringing of the individual building material elements in a Baustofflage is relatively time consuming, requires comparatively high cycle times and a large amount of space to make enough prefabricated Baustofflagen available, so that the individual layers comparatively quickly (about one layer per minute) using a quick-drying adhesive on top of each other can be joined to a blackboard.

It is therefore the object to provide an improved process for the production of prefabricated components, in particular wall panels made of solid building materials available. At the same time, there is a need for an improved layer forming device suitable for use in such a method.

• – Bereitstellen von Baustoffelementen (Steinen);
• – Zusammenfügen der Baustoffelemente zu Lagengruppen;
• – Zuführen der Lagengruppen zu einer Lagenbildungseinrichtung mit mehreren Stationen;
• – Ausbilden von länglichen Baustofflagen entlang einer Längsachse in der Lagenbildungseinrichtung, wobei die Baustofflagen quer zu ihrer Längsachse von einer Station zur anderen gefördert werden;
• – Aufbauen von Fertigbauteilen aus den Baustofflagen und
• – Bearbeiten der Fertigbauteile.

According to a first aspect, the present invention relates to a method for producing prefabricated components, in particular wall panels, of solid building materials, in particular bricks, sand-lime brick, pumice, expanded concrete, aerated concrete, concrete block, with:

• - Providing building material elements (stones);
• - joining the building material elements to layer groups;
• Feeding the layer groups to a multi-station layer forming device;
• - Forming elongated Baustofflagen along a longitudinal axis in the layer forming device, wherein the Baustofflagen are conveyed transversely to its longitudinal axis from one station to another;
• - Building prefabricated components from the Baustofflagen and
• - Editing the prefabricated components.

In this new manufacturing process, a particularly compact arrangement of the finished and finished Baustofflagen is possible before they are joined to finished components on top of each other. The fact that the elongated Baustofflagen each be conveyed transversely to its longitudinal axis side by side from one station to another, the transport path from one station to another is very in short and the Baustoffflagen can be prepared on a relatively small footprint, edited and completed. The transport routes that are required to insert individual special building material elements in working building material layers or in their layer groups are short. As a result, the required means of transport and handling devices can be designed and arranged simply and possibly also across stations.

The monitoring of the individual work steps in the different stations is also simplified and can ideally be performed centrally by one person.

The number of required workstations can be selected so that even with complex prefabricated components with Baustofflagen, which have a high variance among each other and therefore more expensive (with increased time requirements) are prefabricated, these individual layers can still be assembled with a high clock frequency. The clock frequency when joining the Baustofflagen is ultimately limited only by the minimum curing time of the joining agent used and not by the prefabrication times of the individual Baustofflagen.

Other aspects and embodiments of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and the drawings. Showing:

1 a schematic layout representation with a layer forming device according to the invention with several stations;

2 a side view A of in 1 arrangement shown;

3 a side view B of in 1 arrangement shown;

4 a side view of the C in the 1 to 3 layering device shown and

5 a flow diagram of a method according to the invention.

In 1 an embodiment of a layer forming device according to the invention is illustrated. Before a detailed description of the individual embodiments, first general explanations of this and other embodiments follow.

There are methods in which the formation of the building material layers in the layer forming device comprises, namely the conveying of the layer groups into a first station in which these layer groups are then aligned and measured. That is, the building material elements (stones) of each layer group are aligned (and possibly also partially joined together by the elements are aligned so that provided teeth interlock) and measured.

Surveying yields geometry data that can be used to accurately determine the geometry of required fitting elements and to tailor them accordingly. Fitting elements are required in order to realize dimensions that can not be realized with the standard elements. The fitting elements are inserted and the Baustofflagen compacted to their final shape.

Completed with passport elements Baustofflagen be promoted to another processing station, in which, for example, recesses are milled for reinforcements, and appropriate reinforcing elements are used and anchored.

In another station, vertical bores for receiving lift-off systems can be introduced. In another station then the appropriately prepared Baustofflagen be cleaned (for example, with a suction device) to prepare the joining surfaces for the application of a joint (mortar, adhesive).

It can also be provided more stations in which the building material elements are re-aligned and compacted again before applying the joining agent.

There are embodiments of the method in which the completion of the layer groups comprises: supplying a building material element to a processing device, in particular to a cutting or sawing device, in which then the building material element is processed (cut to fit) to produce a fitting element whose Geometry was determined based on the measurement of a layer group. This fitting element is then provided and fed to the corresponding station in the layer forming device and inserted there into the layer group.

There are embodiments of the method in which the provision of the building material elements comprises the feeding of pallets with building material elements, the removal of the building material elements (from the pallets) and the grouping of the building material elements to elongate layer groups. These operations are usually carried out with suitable conveyors and handling equipment such Industrial robots with corresponding gripping and / or handling equipment.

There are embodiments in which constructing flat prefabricated building material from building material layers comprises the steps of: feeding the first building site onto a transport pallet, applying a joint (eg glue, mortar) to the top of the building site, optionally applying a stabilizer for stabilization the prefabricated component during handling and placing and joining at least one further Baustofflage on the joint layer. The joining of prefabricated components from complete building material layers accelerates the building process - compared to the classic "walls" in which the prefabricated components of individual building material elements (stones) are joined together - considerably. In this case, the application of the joining agent can also be carried out before feeding the Baustofflage in a corresponding station of the layer forming device.

For space-saving intermediate storage of flat prefabricated components and for flexible processing of prefabricated components in downstream processing stations, the following is provided: optional conversion of the prefabricated component on a transport pallet (only required if the corresponding prefabricated component has not already been manufactured on such a transport pallet), the introduction of the transport pallet with the Prefabricated component in an intermediate storage area (buffer storage) and the discharge of a transport pallet from the intermediate storage area.

With such a temporary storage or intermediate storage, the prefabricated components can be processed very flexible. On the one hand, the prefabricated components can be introduced into corresponding processing stations, but it is also possible for prefabricated components which do not need to be further processed to be stored accordingly and then combined in a desired assembly order in appropriate means of transport (containers, loading pallets).

There are embodiments in which the processing of the prefabricated components comprises, for example, the feeding of a prefabricated component into a cutting system in which the prefabricated component is then further cut to size, that is to say for example provided with recesses for windows or doors. These cutouts are either completely worked out or only cut to a final size. It is also possible to install roof pitches or curves. Suitable cutting systems can, for. As water jet cutting equipment, wire saws, band saws or the like.

In a further embodiment of the method, it is provided to machine the prefabricated components in a milling device. In this case, recesses can be introduced in the surface of the finished component, for example, openings and / or slots for installations. The corresponding processing residues (eg dust) can be removed in an extraction system, for example.

In other embodiments, the following is provided for moving the prefabricated components: the introduction of vertical, removable lifting means (reusable hoists) in appropriately trained receiving channels, fixing the lifting means by means of removable securing means (lifting bolts as a transverse anchor) in a suitable position of the prefabricated component and the turning of the Prefabricated component in / on a means of transport. This Umschlagsweise the relatively sensitive prefabricated components can be safely handled with evenly distributed load and are provided at the same time with the appropriate lifting means for the transfer / relocating at the construction site.

A layer forming device for use in a method according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises a plurality of stations for receiving one or more layer groups, each forming an elongated Baustofflage in each station, and a conveyor for conveying the Baustofflagen is provided from one station to another, wherein the conveyor is designed so that the building material layers are transversely to its longitudinal axis from one station to another and the stations are arranged side by side.

This is a very compact arrangement of the individual stations to realize and the individual Baustofflagen can be promoted transversely to its longitudinal axis over very short transport distances from one station to another.

In addition, it is also possible to train certain, required in the respective stations aggregates for handling and / or processing of the individual Baustofflagen stations across, so that they can be used optionally in several stations.

According to a further aspect, such a layer forming device has at least one of the following devices: a measuring device for determining the dimensions of the layer groups and / or the building material layers. With such a measuring device actual geometries can be determined, in which already dimensional variations (manufacturing tolerances, in particular length tolerances) of the individual, successively arranged building material elements are taken into account or detected, so If required, fitting elements can be manufactured and supplied in order to precisely compensate for these tolerances.

Further, an alignment device is provided which serves for positioning and compacting the layer assemblies and / or the Baustofflage, so that exactly prefabricated, aligned and arranged Baustofflagen can be edited in the other stations and finally assembled to the prefabricated components.

Further, one or more conveyor are provided which can insert in the stations further building material elements or special components such as overlay in a ply assembly or the Baustofflage.

It is also possible to provide drilling devices which serve for introducing vertical receiving channels into the layer assembly and / or the building material layer. The drilling devices are designed such that they introduce these receiving channels into building material layers such that the channels run in alignment in a prefabricated component assembled from the building material layers.

It can also be provided cleaning means for cleaning a joining surface of the layer group and / or the Baustofflage, so that they can be prepared for the application of the joining agent (adhesive, mortar), the adhesion is improved and so a stable coupling of the individual Baustofflagen is ensured ,

There are also embodiments in which additional processing facilities are provided (for example, milling equipment) with which, for example, further mechanical processing of the layer groups and / or the Baustofflage can be made (for example, the introduction of recesses for reinforcements).

There are also embodiments in which an application device is provided for the joining means, so that the Baustofflagen can already be provided in the layer forming device with the joining means.

There are embodiments in which the layer formation device is designed such that at least one of the devices: measuring device, alignment device, conveying device, drilling device, cleaning device, processing device, device for applying a joining agent, is designed so that it can be used at least in two adjacent stations. Thus, the flexibility of the layer forming device is further increased and the cycle times can be shortened accordingly. In this way it is also possible to produce complex prefabricated components in which several of the individual Baustofflagen require complex processing steps.

In a manufacturing plant for the production of prefabricated components, in which such a layer-forming device is to some extent provided as the centerpiece, prefabricated components can be produced very efficiently and compactly on a comparatively small production area. Thus, it is also possible to modernize existing production facilities where certain space conditions are given with such a layer forming device.

Returning to the 1 shows this together with the 2 to 4 schematically a layout and different views of a portion of a manufacturing plant with a layer forming device according to the invention 1 ,

The illustrated production plant 100 comprises three subunits, namely the layer forming device 1 , a first feeder 110 for prefabricated (unprocessed) building material elements 2 and a second feeder 120 , on the building material elements 2 provided, tailored (tailored) and from there the layer forming device 1 be supplied.

Structure and function of the first supply device is from the 1 and 2 clear. The first feeder 110 includes a first pallet station 111 , on one or more pallets with building material elements 2 to be provided. The building material elements 2 be by means of a handling device 130 (Industrial robot) on a first feeder unit 112 provided in rows or in layers and from there via a first conveyor 113 , which is designed for example as a roller or belt conveyor, via a second supply unit 114 and a second conveyor 115 to a transfer station 116 promoted. From there, the pre-grouped building material elements 2 on the layer forming device 1 to hand over. The building material elements can 2 also possibly rotated or tilted in a desired position.

Here are the building material elements 2 to layer groups 3 assembled, which optionally in a second feed unit 114 to special components 4 (eg overlayers, window and / or lintels or other special features if necessary).

In the transfer station 116 become the layer groups 3 and any special components inserted 4 to an elongated Baustofflage 5 assembled and deployed.

This prefabricated Baustofflage 5 is then by means of a first layer gripper 6 from the transfer station 116 transverse to the longitudinal direction of the Baustofflage 5 on a first stop 8th the layer forming device 1 implemented (see also 4 ).

In the first station 8th the layer forming device 1 become the building material elements 2 and optionally inserted special components 4 aligned, compacted and measured. Here, for example, on the building material elements 2 existing zinc plating completely pushed together.

When measuring the actual dimensions of the Baustofflage 5 with the nominal dimensions of the building material situation in a control unit 9 compared. It is checked if the Baustofflage 5 has the given from a geometry program target dimensions. If z. B. found that the Baustofflage 5 has a gap or an undersize (so too short) calls the controller 9 the production and supply of a corresponding fitting piece 10 via the second supply device 120 at.

The second feeder 120 includes a second pallet station 121 , a third feeder unit 122 , a third conveyor 123 as well as a finishing device 124 , which is designed for example as a sawing device. For separating the building material elements 2 from the ones in the second pallet station 121 provided pallets also serves the handling device 130 (see also 3 ).

About a fourth conveyor 125 be with one (or more) suitable gripper / conveyor 126 (eg a pick-and-place device) the fitting (s) 10 in the Baustofflage 5 in a second station 11 the layer forming device are inserted. The gripper / conveyor 126 In this case, they are designed such that they receive the fitting pieces at one or optionally several stations (eg at one of the stations 8th . 11 . 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 or 18 ) of the layer forming device 1 in the Baustofflagen arranged there 5 can classify.

The control unit 9 is designed so that it can simultaneously serve as a control unit with corresponding input and output units (screen, keyboard, etc.). About this control unit 9 all operations of the layering device 1 as well as the upstream first 110 and second 120 Feeding device and possibly further production stations of the manufacturing plant 100 controlled and coordinated.

The layer formation device 1 includes a conveyor 12 , which is designed for example as a belt or chain conveyor. On the circulating conveyor 13 (eg belt or chain) are receiving zones 13a provided, for example, designed as a recording strips and a flat receiving surface for the Baustofflagen 5 serve. With the help of the conveyor 12 become the Baustofflagen 5 clocked transversely to the longitudinal direction of a station 8th . 11 . 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 promoted to the next. The individual stations can thereby be arranged very close to each other and the layer formation device 1 can be designed comparatively compact.

In the illustrated embodiment, the following stations are provided:
In addition to the first station already described above 8th , in which the prefabricated Baustofflagen 5 measured and condensed and the second station 11 , in the fitting pieces 10 in the Baustofflagen 5 are inserted, further processing stations are provided (see. 1 and 4 ).

In a third station 14 There is a milling device arranged in the building site 5 Recesses for reinforcements worked out. In the fourth station 15 the reinforcements are inserted and in the fifth station 16 anchored. These stations 14 . 15 . 16 are optional and only required for such building materials (eg, aerated concrete) where reinforcements are required for stabilization.

In the sixth station 17 holes are introduced for receiving a lift-off system.

In a seventh station 18 The surfaces contaminated by the previous steps are cleaned. The seventh station 18 includes, for example, a suction device which removes dust and processing residues.

In an eighth station 19 becomes the Baustofflage 5 initially aligned again, possibly also densified, and adjusted and then using a suitable direction of reversal 20 on a transport pallet 21 implemented. On the transport pallet 20 are successively the corresponding prefabricated Baustofflagen 5 one above the other and by means of a joining means together to form a prefabricated component 22 connected.

The joining agent, here a special adhesive, is either in the eighth station 19 before moving the Baustofflage 5 on the transport pallet 20 applied or in each case on the top Baustofflage 5 on the transport pallet 21 immediately before the next Baustofflage 5 is put on. The corresponding application device 23 can also be designed so that they are both in the station 19 as well as in the range of transport pallets 20 can be used.

The number of workstations in the layering device 1 can be varied according to requirements. So it is possible that in addition to the above stations also more Intermediate stations are inserted, in which no processing takes place. Thus, if necessary, the timing can be adapted to the shortest possible clock interval, the structure of the prefabricated component 22 for placing a Baustofflage 5 the transport pallet 20 is required.

The transport of building materials 5 transverse to the longitudinal direction allows short transport paths and thus also short transport times and thus a high clock frequency in the construction of prefabricated components 22 ,

In simplified versions, for example, the stations 14 . 15 . 16 which are necessary to the reinforcement in the Baustofflagen 5 be omitted.

The gripper / conveyor 126 for inserting the fitting elements 10 can be designed to fit on all workstations 10 and optionally also additional unprocessed building material elements 2 , Layer Groups 3 or other special components 4 can insert.

The completely on the transport pallet 21 built wall panel 22 will be further promoted after the construction and setting of the joint for further use (interim storage, loading) and / or for further processing (working out of recesses, attaching slots, attaching sloping roofs). For this purpose, suitable floor and / or ceiling conveyors (eg cranes) can be provided.

• – Bereitstellen von Baustoffelementen 2;
• – Zusammenfügen der Baustoffelemente 2 zu Lagengruppen 3;
• – Zuführen der Lagengruppen 3 zu einer Lagenbildungseinrichtung 1
• – Ausbilden von länglichen Baustofflagen 5 in der Lagenbildungseinrichtung 1 mit mehreren Stationen, wobei die Baustofflagen 5 quer zu ihrer Längsachse von einer Station zur anderen gefördert werden;
• – Aufbauen von Fertigbauteilen 22 aus Baustofflagen 5;
• – Bearbeiten der Fertigbauteile 22.

This in 5 The illustrated method for the production of prefabricated components comprises the following steps:

• - Provision of building material elements 2 ;
• - Assembling the building material elements 2 to layer groups 3 ;
• - feeding the layer groups 3 to a layer forming device 1
• - Forming elongated Baustofflagen 5 in the layer forming device 1 with several stations, with the Baustofflagen 5 be conveyed from one station to another transversely to its longitudinal axis;
• - Building prefabricated components 22 from Baustofflagen 5 ;
• - Editing the prefabricated components 22 ,

• – Fördern der Lagengruppen 3 in eine erste Station 8;
• – Ausrichten, Verdichten und/oder Vermessen der Lagengruppen 3;
• – Vervollständigen, und/oder Verdichten der Lagengruppen 3 zu einer Baustofflage 5 in wenigstens einer weiteren Station 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19
• – Fördern der Baustofflage 5 in wenigstens eine weitere Station 17, 18, 19
• – Einbringen von vertikalen Aufnahmekanälen in wenigstens einer weiteren Stationen 17
• – Fördern der Baustofflage in eine weitere Station 18
• – Reinigen einer Fügefläche der Baustofflage 5 in wenigstens einer weiteren Station 18;
• – Zuführen eines Baustoffelements 2 zu einer Bearbeitungsvorrichtung 124;
• – Bearbeiten, insbesondere Schneiden, eines Baustoffelements 2 zum Herstellen eines Passelements 10, insbesondere in einem Halb- und/oder Sonderformat;
• – Bereitstellen des Passelements 10;
• – Zuführen eines Passelements 10 und/oder eines Sonderbauelements 4 zu einer ersten Station 8 der Lagenbildungseinrichtung 1;
• – Einfügen des Passelements 10 und/oder eines Sonderbauelements 4 in wenigstens einer ersten Station 8;
• – Zuführen von Paletten mit Baustoffelementen 10;
• – Abnehmen von Baustoffelementen 10;
• – Gruppieren der Baustoffelemente 10 zu länglichen Lagengruppen 3;
• – Zuführen einer Baustofflage 5 auf eine Transportpalette 21;
• – Auftragen eines Fügemittels;
• – Aufbringen eines Bewehrungsbandes;
• – Aufsetzen und Fügen wenigstens einer weiteren Baustofflagen 21;
• – Umsetzen des Fertigbauteils 22 auf eine weitere Transportpalette 21;
• – Einschleusen der Transportpalette 21 mit dem Fertigbauteil 22 in einen Zwischenlagerbereich;
• – Ausschleusen einer Transportpalette 21 aus dem Zwischenlagerbereich;
• – Zuführen eines Fertigbauteils 22 in eine Schneidanlage;
• – Zuschneiden des Fertigbauteils 22 und/oder
• – Zuführen eines Fertigbauteils 22 in eine Fräsvorrichtung;
• – Fräsen von Ausnehmungen (Öffnungen/Schlitze) in das Fertigbauteil 22;
• – Entfernen von Bearbeitungsrückständen;
• – Einführen von vertikalen Hebemitteln (Hebeeisen) in die Aufnahmekanäle;
• – Fixieren der Hebemittel mittels herausnehmbarer Sicherungsmittel (Hebebolzen) in der unteren Lage des Fertigbauteils;
• – Umschlagen des Fertigbauteils 22 in/auf ein Transportmittel (Container, Innenlader);

Die oben angegebenen zusätzlichen/otionalen Schritte können jeweils einzeln oder in den angegebenen Gruppierungen Verfahrensbestandteil sein und zwar in der angegeben oder in einer andern Reihenfolge.And further the following additional and / or optional steps:

• - Promote the layer groups 3 in a first station 8th ;
• - Aligning, compacting and / or measuring the layer groups 3 ;
• Completing and / or compacting the layer groups 3 to a Baustofflage 5 in at least one other station 11 . 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19
• - Promote the Baustofflage 5 in at least one more station 17 . 18 . 19
• - Introducing vertical receiving channels in at least one other stations 17
• - Promote the Baustofflage in another station 18
• - Cleaning a joining surface of the Baustofflage 5 in at least one other station 18 ;
• - Supplying a building material element 2 to a processing device 124 ;
• - Edit, especially cutting, a building material element 2 for producing a fitting element 10 , in particular in a half and / or special format;
• - Providing the fitting element 10 ;
• - feeding a fitting element 10 and / or a special component 4 to a first station 8th the layer forming device 1 ;
• - Insert the fitting element 10 and / or a special component 4 in at least one first station 8th ;
• - Feeding of pallets with building material elements 10 ;
• - Removal of building material elements 10 ;
• - Group the building material elements 10 to elongated layer groups 3 ;
• - Supplying a Baustofflage 5 on a transport pallet 21 ;
• - applying a joining agent;
• - applying a reinforcement tape;
• - placing and joining at least one other Baustofflagen 21 ;
• - Implementation of the prefabricated component 22 on another transport pallet 21 ;
• - Sliding the transport pallet 21 with the prefabricated component 22 in an intermediate storage area;
• - Removing a transport pallet 21 from the intermediate storage area;
• - feeding a prefabricated component 22 in a cutting system;
• - Cutting the prefabricated component 22 and or
• - feeding a prefabricated component 22 in a milling device;
• - Milling of recesses (openings / slots) in the prefabricated component 22 ;
• - removal of processing residues;
• - introducing vertical lifting means (hoisting irons) into the receiving channels;
• - Fixing the lifting means by means of removable securing means (lifting bolts) in the lower layer of the prefabricated component;
• - Transfer of the prefabricated component 22 in / on a means of transport (container, inloader);

The additional / optional steps given above may be part of the process, either individually or in the groups indicated, in the order indicated or in a different order.

Further embodiments and variants of the present invention will become apparent from the claims.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Location educational institution

2

building material element

3

Location group

4

special component

5

building materials location

6

first layer gripper

7

longitudinal direction

8th

first stop

9

control unit

10

spud

11

second station

12

Conveyor

13

funding

13a

receiving zone

14

third station

15

fourth station

16

fifth station

17

sixth station

18

seventh station

19

Eighth station

20

lapper

21

pallet

22

Precast

100

manufacturing plant

110

first feeder

111

first pallet station

112

first supply unit

113

first conveying device

114

second supply unit

115

second conveyor

116

Transfer station

120

second supply device

121

second pallet station

122

third supply unit

123

third conveyor

124

Konfektionierstation

125

fourth conveyor

126

Gripper / conveyor (pick-and-place)

130

handling device

Claims (12)

Process for the production of prefabricated components, in particular wall panels, of solid building materials, in particular bricks, sand-lime bricks, pumice, expanded concrete, aerated concrete, concrete blocks, comprising: - providing building material elements ( 2 ); - assembling the building material elements ( 2 ) to layer groups ( 3 ); - feeding the layer groups ( 3 ) to a layer forming device ( 1 ) - Forming elongated Baustofflagen ( 5 ) in the layer forming device ( 1 ) with several stations, the building material layers ( 5 ) are conveyed transversely to their longitudinal axis from one station to another; - erection of prefabricated components ( 22 ) from Baustofflagen ( 5 ); - Editing the prefabricated components ( 22 ). The method of claim 1, wherein forming the building material layers ( 5 ) in the layer forming device ( 1 ) comprises: - conveying the layer groups ( 3 ) into a first station ( 8th ); Aligning, compacting and / or measuring the layer groups ( 3 ); Completing and / or compacting the layer groups ( 3 ) to a Baustofflage ( 5 ) in at least one other station ( 11 . 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 ) and optionally at least one of the steps: - conveying the Baustofflage ( 5 ) in at least one other station ( 17 . 18 . 19 ); Introduction of vertical receiving channels in at least one further station ( 17 ); - Promote the Baustofflage in another station ( 18 ) and - cleaning a joining surface of the building material layer ( 5 ) in at least one other station ( 18 ); Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the completion of the layer groups comprises: feeding a building material element ( 2 ) to a processing device ( 124 ); - Processing, in particular cutting, of a building material element ( 2 ) for producing a fitting element ( 10 ), in particular in a half and / or special format; - Providing the pass element ( 10 ); - feeding a pass element ( 10 ) and / or a special component ( 4 ) to a first station ( 8th ) the layer forming device ( 1 ); - insert the pass element ( 10 ) and / or a special component ( 4 ) in at least one first station ( 8th ); Method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which the provision of building material elements ( 10 ) comprises: - feeding pallets with building material elements ( 10 ); - removal of building material elements ( 10 ); - Grouping of building material elements ( 10 ) to elongated layer groups ( 3 ); The method of claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein constructing flat prefabricated members ( 22 ) from Baustofflagen ( 5 ) comprises: - feeding a building material layer ( 5 ) on a transport pallet ( 21 ); - applying a joining agent; - applying a reinforcement tape (optional); - placing and joining at least one other Baustofflagen ( 21 ). The method of claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, wherein the intermediate storage of the planar prefabricated components comprises: - converting the prefabricated component ( 22 ) to another transport pallet ( 21 ); - introduction of the transport pallet ( 21 ) with the prefabricated component ( 22 ) in an intermediate storage area; - discharging a transport pallet ( 21 ) from the interim storage area. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the processing of the prefabricated components ( 22 ) comprises: - feeding a finished component ( 22 ) in a cutting machine; - cutting the prefabricated part ( 22 ) and / or - feeding a finished component ( 22 ) in a milling device; - Milling of recesses (openings / slots) in the prefabricated component ( 22 ); - Removal of processing residues. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, which optionally comprises the steps of: - introducing vertical lifting means (hoisting irons) into the receiving channels; - Fixing the lifting means by means of removable securing means (lifting bolts) in a position of the prefabricated component; - handling the prefabricated part ( 22 ) in / on a means of transport (container, inloader). Layer formation device ( 1 ) for use in a method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising: - a first ( 8th ) and at least one further station ( 11 . 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 ) for holding several layer groups ( 3 ) in each station ( 8th . 11 . 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 ) each an elongated Baustofflage ( 5 ) form; - a conveyor ( 12 ) for conveying the Baustofflagen ( 5 ) from a station ( 8th . 11 . 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 ), the building material layers ( 5 ) transverse to its longitudinal axis from a station ( 8th . 11 . 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 ) and the stations ( 8th . 11 . 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 ) are arranged side by side. Layer formation device ( 1 ) according to claim 9, further comprising at least one of the following: - a measuring device for determining the dimensions of the layer groups ( 3 ) and / or the Baustofflagen ( 5 ); An alignment device for positioning and compacting the layer groups ( 3 ) and / or the Baustofflage ( 5 ); - a conveyor ( 126 ) for inserting passport elements ( 10 ), Building material elements ( 2 ) and / or special components ( 4 ) into the layer group ( 3 ) and / or the Baustofflage ( 5 ); A drilling device for introducing vertical receiving channels into the layer group ( 3 ) and / or the Baustofflage ( 5 ); A cleaning device for cleaning a joining surface of the layer group ( 3 ) and / or the Baustofflage ( 5 ). Layer formation device ( 1 ) according to claim 10, which is arranged such that at least one of the devices: measuring device, alignment device, conveying device, drilling device and cleaning device is designed such that it is at least in two adjacent stations ( 8th . 11 . 14 . 15 . 16 . 17 . 18 . 19 ) can be used. Production plant ( 100 ) for the production of prefabricated components ( 22 ) according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the manufacturing plant ( 100 ) a layer forming device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 10 or 11.

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