DE102015013937A1 - Multi-stage carburetor with vortex zones - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a gasifier (2) for the gasification of carbonaceous material, in particular of organic and / or inorganic wastes. The carburetor comprises: at least one upper and one lower carburetor stage (16, 18), the upper carburetor stage (16) being located above the lower carburetor stage (18); an upper turntable (20) disposed between the upper carburetor stage (16) and the lower carburetor stage (18) or below the upper carburetor stage; a lower turntable (22) disposed in the lower portion of the lower carburetor stage (18); a driven by a drive (26) shaft (24) which is connected to the upper hub (20) and drives them.

Description

The invention relates to a multi-stage gasifier with vortex zones for the gasification of carbonaceous material.

A gasifier for gasifying carbonaceous material is known from EP 2 650 347 A1 known. In the gasifier, a drying chamber, a pyrolysis and a combustion chamber are arranged one above the other and separated by partitions. The material transport from top to bottom takes place through locks in the partitions, which are opened and closed. The resulting gas is fed to a gas scrubber and optionally to a fermenter.

It is an object of the invention to provide a carburetor and a method for operating the carburetor in which the gasification process can be easily adapted to different types of carbonaceous material and / or the gasification or pyrolysis takes place more efficiently.

This object is achieved with the features of claim 1 or 12. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

The invention relates to a gasifier for the gasification of carbonaceous material, in particular of organic and / or inorganic filling. The carburetor comprises: at least one upper and one lower carburetor stage, the upper carburetor stage being located above the lower carburetor stage; an upper turntable disposed between the upper carburetor stage and lower carburetor stage or between the upper carburetor stage and a carburetor stage located below the upper carburetor stage; a lower turntable located at the lower portion of the lower carburetor stage; a driven by a drive shaft which is connected to the upper hub and drives this.

The (in particular lower or the further) carburetor stages can also be referred to as pyrolysis stages or pyrolysis chambers. The first gasifier stage may additionally act as a drying stage (eg as additional or alternative drying stages to a precursor and / or to a material transport and metering apparatus in which the material may also be dried).

However, the upper carburetor stage already acts as the first (partial) pyrolysis stage. Especially advantageous is the temperature in the upper carburetor stage so that a partial pyrolysis already takes place. Due to the partial pyrolysis (but also by the mechanical swirling described below), the particle size of the material with time is getting smaller and the material can then through the gap on the circumference of the turntable and / or through one or more passages in the turntable in the underlying Go to the carburetor stage. Preferably, the transport of material from a carburetor stage to the subjacent stage is through a gap on the circumference of the hub located between the carburetor stages and / or through one or more passages of the rotating hub.

Preferably, the carburetor has 2, 3, 4, or 5 or more carburetor stages (including the upper and lower carburetor stages). The carburetor stages between the upper and lower carburetor stages (where provided - these may be 0, 1, 2 or more) are also referred to herein as (optional) other carburetor stages. Preferably, all carburetor stages are arranged one above the other.

The upper turntable and other carburetor stages, the other hubs between the carburetor stages can also be referred to as a rotary / separating device, as these separate each superposed carburetor stages from each other. A turntable is configured to agitate and / or fluidize the material placed in the carburetor stage above the turntable. Due to the constant movement of the material, its active surface participating in the gasification and the heat exchange is greatly increased (prevents heap formation). Furthermore, the swirling surface is constantly 'knocked off' by the swirling up of the material, so that the underlying non-smoldered surface participates more quickly in the process of plating.

By separating into two or more carburetor stages, the temperature becomes more uniform, and in the last stage, the yield of the desired gas ratio is improved. The thermodynamic equilibrium in each of the gasifier stages is achieved in a narrower temperature range, and in the lower gasifier stage, first, the particle size distribution of the material is narrower and the particle size itself is smaller. Due to the multi-stage structure, the particle size decreases from the gasifier stage to the gasifier stage.

By turning the turntables is a large part of the material to be gasified in motion. In particular, by turning the upper hub and the material in the upper carburetor stage is constantly in motion. The fluidization of the material is predominantly by mechanical impulse transmission. Ie. no air turbulence or cyclone is needed to 'stir up' material.

The drive for the shaft can be arranged above or below or spaced from the carburetor.

Preferably, the gasifier is heated and operated so that the temperature of the gasification stages increases from top to bottom. The gasifier is very particularly advantageously designed to carry out an allothermal gasification process in which, in particular, no gasification agent is needed. For example, no oxygen and no water are needed to generate the heat for gasification through a combustion process. Preferably, no water and / or oxygen is added or introduced into the gasifier stages. Most preferably, neither water nor oxygen or any other combustion agent is introduced into the lowest gasifier stage. The water bound in the material to be gasified and evaporating water is not considered here as 'added' water. This water vapor can be pulled through by the gasification process (ie transported from stage to stage or passed) or at least partially discharged in a (pre-) drying stage from this.

In an embodiment, the drive is designed so that the upper turntable can be driven at a speed of at least 100 or 200 rpm. The rotational speed of the driven turntable (s) is preferably at least 100, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500, 600, or 800 rpm or in the speed range of 100-1000, 200-600, 250-900, or 300-800 U. / min. Preferably, the rotational speed of the turntable is adjustable by means of the drive and / or by means of a gear. Preferably, the adjustable speed range includes a range of at least 200, 300, 400, 500 rpm. Alternatively or additionally, the rotational speed of a rotary disk (at least the upper rotary disk) driven by the drive is preferably such that its peripheral speed (on the outer circumference) is at least 50, 70, 100, 500 or 700 m / min. Preferably, speed is adjustable so that the maximum peripheral speed is 500, 700, 800, 1,100 or 1,500, m / min. An adjustable speed range results from the combination of the two aforementioned data, wherein the minimum speed is less than the maximum speed. Preferably, the range is 70 to 1,500, 100 to 1,000, 500 to 2,000 or 50 to 800 m / min. Preferably, the peripheral speeds apply to the upper turntable. Preferably, the diameter and thus the peripheral speed of the turntables located below the upper turntable are higher (when driven by the same shaft or at the same speed as the upper turntable).

Preferably, the shaft is also connected to the lower turntable for driving the lower turntable and / or the shaft is connected to one, several or all further optional further turntables. For example, the upper turntable and / or lower turntable and / or a plurality or all optional further turntables are mounted on the shaft. Preferably, the shaft carries at least the upper turntable and optionally also the lower turntable and / or the optional further turntables.

Preferably, the upper turntable and / or the lower turntable and / or one, several or all of the further optional turntables have one or more upwardly projecting impulse elements. The impulse element (s) are connected to the turntable and rotate therewith so that they impart a pulse from the rotating turntable to the material to be gasified. The impulse elements impart an impulse to the material in the associated (overlying) carburetor stage and / or to the gas. This further favors the formation of a vortex zone and / or the 'levitate' of the material. The impulse elements are, for example, one or more wing elements and / or ribs and / or pins and / or projections.

In the basic configuration, there are provided two superposed carburetor stages, namely, the upper and lower carburetor stages, with the upper and lower carburetor stages separated by the upper hub and the lower carburetor stage bounded below by the lower hub. In an embodiment, the carburetor has at least three carburetor stages arranged one above the other. Between the upper (first) carburetor stage and the further (second) carburetor stage, the upper (first) hub and between the further carburetor stage and the lower (third) carburetor stage, a second hub is arranged. Preferably, the diameter of the lower and / or further turntable is greater than the diameter of the upper turntable, and / or the diameter of the upper turntable is smaller than the diameter of the further turntable. In a further or alternative embodiment, a gap on the outer circumference of the upper turntable is greater than the gap of the or a subsequent further turntable.

Preferably, a rotary plate is arranged between all superimposed carburetor stages. Preferably, all these rotary plates are driven, more preferably by one or the common shaft. Preferably, the upper hub of the upper carburetor stage has a smaller diameter than the hub between the further carburetor stage and the lower carburetor stage and / or a smaller diameter than that Turntable between an upper further carburetor stage and a lower further carburetor stage.

Preferably, the diameter of the successive top to bottom turntables is increasing. Alternatively or additionally, the gap between the outside (on the outer circumference) of a higher turntable and an outside opposite inner wall of the carburetor (which surrounds the turntable) is greater than the gap between the outside of a lower turntable and the inner wall of the carburettor. Alternatively or additionally, the gap on the outside of the turntables from turntable to turntable decreases from top to bottom. The decrease in the gap dimensions and / or the increase in the diameter of the turntables from top to bottom causes the size of the material, which is transmitted from top to bottom, decreases.

The lower turntable must not follow the above rules (but can), because for the lower turntable other gasification condition apply: In the lower carburetor stage, all material should be gasified there and preferably only mineral residues and / or non-gasified residues are removed.

In an embodiment, a heat exchanger device is arranged on the outside or in the edge region of the upper carburetor stage and / or on the outside or in the edge region of one or more of the optional further carburetor stages which is in heat exchange with the carburetor stage (with the carburetor stages). The heat exchanger device is preferably designed to guide the gas produced in the lower gasifier stage at the upper and / or at one or more of the optional further gasifier stages. The heat exchanger means cools the resulting gas and / or heats the material in the upper carburetor stage and / or in the optional further carburetor stages.

Preferably, the heat exchanger device is designed as a gas-conducting device which completely or partially surrounds the upper carburetor stage and / or the optional further carburetor stages or is guided along its edge region. Preferably, the heat exchanger device (the gas guiding device) surrounds the upper carburetor stage and / or the optional further carburetor stages in the form of a jacket or tubular jacket.

Preferably, the upper carburetor stage and / or the optional further carburetor stages are at least partially surrounded (eg at least partially in height) by a jacket or tube jacket. Preferably, the jacket or pipe jacket is a cylinder jacket. For example, the lateral boundary wall of the upper carburetor stage and / or the optional further carburetor stages is wholly or partly designed as a cylinder jacket and / or the lateral boundary wall of the gas guiding device is completely or partially cylindrical-jacket-shaped.

In an embodiment, one or the gas guiding and / or heat exchanger device is provided, which feeds the gas formed in the lower gasifier stage into a second heat exchanger device which is arranged on the drying stage and / or the material transporting device and / or the material metering device. The heat exchanger means provides heat for drying and / or preheating the carbonaceous material and / or the heat removed serves to cool the gas. If no heat exchanger device is provided, at least one gas-conducting device is provided.

In one embodiment, the upper gasifier stage is preceded by one or more drying stages and / or one or more material transport and metering devices and / or a material lock. Preferably, the drying step is simultaneously a material transport stage and / or a material metering device. The material transport device preferably has a worm shaft (which furthermore acts as a dosing device). The material lock is preferably arranged before the drying stage and / or before the material transport stage and / or before the / a material metering stage.

The lock preferably has a first and / or second lock gate. More preferably, a lock gate forming element of the first and / or second lock gate is mechanically designed so that the material is divided during the closing movement of the element. As a result, sealing takes place through the lock gate, even if material is in the way of the lock gate element (material, for example, branches which are sheared off).

Preferably, the strength of the element is sufficient to also crush stones located in the material. Alternatively, the lock is designed as a rotary valve or in the form of a ball valve.

Most advantageously, the lock is designed to be gas-tight, so that no (or only minimally) external atmosphere passes through the lock in the direction of the carburetor (possibly through interposed material transporting device) and / or outgassing gases escape from the carburettor.

In an embodiment, the carburetor further comprises a second heat exchanger device, which with one or the material transport and - Metering device and / or with one or the material lock is in heat exchange. The heat exchanger device serves to heat the carbonaceous material which is stored in the lock and / or the material transport device. Preferably, the second heat exchanger device is connected in series with the (first) heat exchanger device (which is in thermal contact with the upper and optionally the optional gasifier stages). Advantageously, the resulting gas from the lower carburetor stage is passed through a second heat exchanger device. Preferably, the second heat exchanger device is designed as a tube or a jacket around the material transport device. Preferably, the material transport and metering device and / or the lock are vented, so that the water vapor released during heating can escape. The water vapor can also be supplied in whole or in part to the gasifier.

Preferably, the carburetor on a control device by means of which the drive is controllable and / or the speed of the drive is controllable. Alternatively or additionally, one or the material transport and metering device can be controlled with the control device or the material transport can be controlled by means of the material transport and metering device. Alternatively or additionally, one or the material lock can be controlled with the control device or the opening and closing of one or more lock gates of the material lock can be controlled. Alternatively or additionally, the heating power of the or a heating device can be controlled with the control device.

By means of the control by the control device, a continuous material transport or a batchwise material transport by the material transport and metering device can be controlled. The control device can advantageously control the quantity which can be fed into the upper carburetor stage or the mean or currently required amount.

By means of the controller, the rotational speed of the rotary disk or the shaft is advantageously adjustable, in particular adjustable as required, in particular, the speed can be increased or decreased depending on the gasification process. Alternatively or additionally, the rotational speed and / or the temperature are adjusted as a function of the calorific value of the carbonaceous material.

Preferably, by means of the control device as a function of the temperature (preferably in the lower carburetor stage), the heating power of the or a heating device is controlled so that a desired or minimum temperature is reached.

In an embodiment, the carburetor has one or more temperature sensors and / or a gas sensor device whose or whose signals can be fed to the control device. The control device is designed to control the rotational speed of the drive and / or the conveyance through the or a material transport and metering device as a function of the signal or signals from the gas sensor device and / or the temperature sensors. Most preferably, the control device is designed so that the material supply in response to the temperature in at least one of the carburetor stages (preferably the lower) is regulated. The material supply is the amount (mass) of the supplied material (absolute and / or per unit of time). Further preferably, depending on the temperature in at least one of the carburetor stages, one or more heating means is controlled (preferably one or the heating means which heats the lower carburetor stage.

In an embodiment, the carburetor has one or the heating device, by means of which the upper and / or lower carburetor stage can be heated at least during startup or during the startup of the carburettor. The heater may be configured, for example, as a heater of a ceramic furnace. The heating device can be an electric and / or a gas-operated heating device. For example, the heating takes place at a first power level (eg 6 kW) and after the gasification process has started, only a maximum of 1/5, 1/7, 1/10 or 1/15 of the first heating power level is required.

In an embodiment, the upper turntable and / or optional further turntables have one or more passages from top to bottom. With 'other' turntables is not meant the lower turntable. Preferably, the diameter of passages in lower turntables further down is smaller than the diameter of passages in the upper turntable. For example, the hole diameter of the passage in the upper turntable 75 mm, in the underlying other turntable 50 mm, and in the underlying another turntable 35 mm.

Preferably, the lower turntable has no hole. Preferably, the lower turntable has a diameter or radius of 400 mm.

Preferably, the gap on the outer circumference of the upper turntable 5 mm.

In an embodiment, the gasifier accelerator is added to the lower carburetor stage, which does not or substantially not gasified (liquid but with low vapor pressure) and does not enter into any connection with the resulting gases. The agent increases the energy transfer. For example, tin is added. The agent is preferably in one Amount of 1 to 5 kg, 3 to 8 kg, 5 to 15 kg, 8 to 20 kg or added 12 to 50 kg.

In a refinement, the gasifier is followed by a gas scrubber and / or a fermenter (for this purpose, the entirety is referred to above EP 2 650 347 A1 Reference is made, the contents of which with respect to the gas washing device and / or the fermenter is included here. Preferably, as in EP 2 650 347 A1 the gas (possibly after heat exchange and upper gasifier stage and / or material handling device) fed to a gas cleaning device. The gas purifier may use an organic solvent or water for gas purification. Contaminated solvent (eg, tar-enriched solvent) may be introduced into the top gasifier stage and / or into the material handling equipment for recycle to the gasification process. In an embodiment, the gas (possibly after the gas purification device) is supplied to a CHP.

• – Abfälle aus Industrie und/oder Haushalt,
• – Lacke,
• – Altöl,
• – Altfett,
• – Klärschlamm,
• – Papierschliff (vorzugsweise mit Beimischung von anderem kohlenstoffhaltigem Material zur Erreichung Mindestbrennwert),
• – Reifen,
• – landwirtschaftliche Reststoffe,
• – landwirtschaftliche Nebenprodukte,
• – Siedlungsabfälle, und
• – forstwirtschaftliche Reststoffe.

The carbonaceous material that can be gasified by the gasifier includes one or more of the following:

• - waste from industry and / or household,
• - paints,
• - waste oil,
• - old fat,
• - sewage sludge,
• - paper pulp (preferably with admixture of other carbonaceous material to achieve minimum fuel value),
• - Tires,
• - agricultural residues,
• - agricultural by-products,
• - municipal waste, and
• - forestry residues.

Preferably, the carburetor works without introduction of water / steam into the gasifier stages and / or without oxygen supply (or works under exclusion of oxygen) (allothermic).

• a) die Drehzahl des Antriebs ist veränderbar,
• b) der Materialtransport mittels der oder einer Materialtransport- und -dosiereinrichtung ist steuerbar, und
• c) das Öffnen und Schließen von einem oder mehreren Schleusentoren der oder einer Materialschleuse ist steuerbar.

According to the invention, a method is provided for operating a carburetor, wherein the carburetor according to one or more of the preceding or the features described below is configured. The carburettor is (optionally with one or the control device) so controllable that one or more of the following applies:

• a) the speed of the drive is variable,
• b) the material transport by means of or a material transport and -dosiereinrichtung is controllable, and
• c) the opening and closing of one or more lock gates of the or a material lock is controllable.

The control preferably takes place as a function of the temperature in one or more of the gasifier stages (preferably the temperature in the lower gasifier stage). Preferably, the speed and / or the temperature are adjusted depending on the calorific value of the material. Alternatively or additionally, the control takes place as a function of a parameter of the gas flowing out of the lower gasifier stage. Preferably, a parameter of the effluent gas is one or more of the following: temperature of the gas, moisture of the gas, nitric oxide concentration, dust concentration, soot concentration, CO concentration, CO ₂ concentration, methane concentration, H ₂ concentration, higher chain concentration hydrocarbons.

Preferably, the temperature is adjusted by the heater or heater setting the temperature in the lowest carburetor stage by heating.

Most advantageously, the gasification process carried out in the gasifier is an allothermal gasification process (preferably completely without gasification agent (such as O 2)).

The above-described elements and / or features and the elements and / or features of the following detailed description can be combined with one another in any combination or subcombination.

Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the figures. Show it:

1 a schematic, not to scale sectional view of a carburetor unit with a carburetor and a material transport device,

2 a schematic sectional view of a portion of the carburetor with additional carburetor stages,

3a . 3b a top and side view of an upper turntable,

4a . 4b a top and side view of another turntable, and

5 in block view, the control unit and sensor components or controlled components of the carburetor unit.

1 shows a schematic sectional view of a carburetor unit 2 with a carburetor 6 and a conveyor 4 , In the example shown, the carburetor 6 an upper carburetor stage 16 or vortex chamber and a lower carburetor stage 18 or vortex chamber. The carbonaceous material is conveyed by means of the conveyor into the upper carburetor stage 16 fed where a portion of the material is pyrolyzed. The pyrolysis products and the non-pyrolyzed material pass from the upper to the lower gasification stage 18 where the material is completely pyrolyzed, ie gasified. Non-gasifiable components, such as carbon-free residues, metals, minerals, are removed from the bottom of the lower carburetor stage in a manner not shown and disposed of. Alternatively or additionally, the ash attack is removed from the gas leaving the lower gasifier stage. For example, in a gas purification device, such. As a gas scrubber (as described elsewhere herein) and / or a cyclone separator.

The upper and lower carburetor stages 16 . 18 are through an upper turntable 20 or an upper vertebral plate separated from each other. The transport of material from the upper to the lower carburetor stage is random, ie there is no directed flow of material, but from the swirling material happens to be material which may pass through the gap and / or openings) through the gap or opening (s) ) down to the next carburetor stage. Once the partially pyrolyzed material has reached a maximum size, this may be due to a gravitational and / or impact caused by a gap on the outer circumference of the turntable 20 and / or through one or more passages 80 ( 3a ) through the upper turntables or past this into the lower carburetor stage 18 reach. This applies accordingly to optional further hubs, which are arranged between two carburettor stages (see below).

In the lower carburetor stage 18 is a lower turntable 22 or arranged a lower swirl plate through which the material to be gasified is fluidized. The upper and lower turntable 20 . 22 are on a wave 24 stored, which is due to the rotation of the shaft and the turntables 20 . 22 rotate. The rotation of the two discs keeps the material in motion in the respective carburetor stage. Once the material on the disc ( 20 or 22 , also 20a . 20b ), it is entrained by the rotation and centrifugal force and thrown against the side wall, from where it also springs back up into the cavity of the carburetor stage. The material collides with each other, so that the material is like suspended ping-pong balls predominantly in suspension above the disk surface. As a result, the participating in the heat exchange and the gasification surface is significantly increased.

The wave 24 is powered by a drive 26 driven, which is arranged in the example above the carburetor. In an embodiment, the drive 26 also spaced to or below the carburetor 6 be arranged. The shaft is attached to the housing of the carburettor on a bearing 28 stored, which seals the passage of the shaft through the housing also gas-tight or largely gas-tight, so that no external atmosphere enters the carburetor or gases can flow out of it to the outside.

The lower turntable 22 has a larger diameter than the upper disc 20 (and the other discs 20a , b). The casing of the carburetor 2 has two partially nested cylinder 8th . 12 on, with the inner cylinder 8th or the inner wall of the upper carburetor stage 16 and the turntable 20 surrounds. The inner cylinder protrudes partially into the (lower) outer cylinder 12 in and has a smaller diameter than this. The ratio of the diameter of the cylinder 8th . 12 is preferably 1/3 to 1 / 1.5, 1/4 to 1/2, 1/2 to 1 / 1.3 or 1 / 1.8 to 1 / 1.4. The upper or inner cylinder 8th is through a cover 10 completed and the lower or outer cylinder 12 is through a floor 14 completed. The bottom has an opening, not shown, to remove ash constituents. The turntables 20 . 22 (also 20a . 20b ) are so relative to the cylinders 8th . 12 dimensioned so that at the outer edge of a gap remains that allows rotation and the disc 20 (also 20a , b) optionally also the passage of material from top to bottom.

In the illustrated example, the cylinders 8, 12 overlap each other through the outer cylinder 12 a first heat exchanger 30 around the inner cylinder 8th train. The first heat exchanger forms a gas guide 32 Gas channel, the hot gases from the lower carburetor stage along the outer wall of the upper carburetor stage 16 skirting. Through this heat exchange, the upper carburetor stage is heated, so that in this part of the pyrolysis can take place. The lower carburetor stage 18 is by a heater 34 heated, the cuff-shaped on the outside and / or bottom of the outer wall 12 is arranged.

The charge of the upper carburetor stage 16 done by the conveyor 4 comprising a conveyor tube in which a screw conveyor 42 is arranged. The screw conveyor 42 is on a worm shaft 44 stored by a motor 46 (possibly with intermediate gear) is driven. The upper open end of the conveyor pipe 40 opens in the upper part of the inner wall 8th or the upper carburetor stage 16 , At the bottom of the conveyor pipe 40 is a lock unit 50 arranged, by means of the material to be conveyed largely under exclusion of air or while avoiding air or gas exchange in the conveyor 4 can be introduced. in the The example shown has the lock unit 50 a filling funnel 52 and / or a storage container for the material. The lock chamber 58 The lock is through a first (input) slide 54 and a second (output) slider 56 closable. In an embodiment, the lock can be configured as a rotary valve or as a ball valve-shaped lock.

The conveyor pipe 40 is from a second heat exchanger 70 surrounded by a gas channel 72 formed. In the gas channel 72 Gas is directed along in the lower carburetor stage 18 originated. Preferably, the gas passes from the stage 18 through the first heat exchanger 30 in the second heat exchanger 70 through a connecting line 74 between the heat exchangers. The second heat exchanger 70 cools the gas (further) and thereby heats the in the conveyor 4 located material. In addition to the preheating, this also allows the water to be evaporated from the material. The cooled pyrolysis gas passes through a gas outlet 76 from the second heat exchanger.

The (optionally through the first and / or second heat exchanger 30 . 70 cooled) pyrolysis gas from the lower carburetor stage 18 is preferably supplied to a gas scrubber device and then used to operate a block heating plant (CHP). The generated gas can be used with a gas analyzer 78 be analyzed and the values of the analysis to control the plant are evaluated (see below).

2 shows a variant of the carburetor, in the inner cylinder 8th next to the upper carburetor stage 16 two more carburetor stages 16a and 16b are provided. The further carburetor stage 16a is below the upper turntable 20 arranged. The other carburetor stages 16a and 16b are through another hub 20a separated. The further carburetor stage 16b is from the lower carburetor stage 18 through another turntable 20b separated. Preferably, the gap dimensions a1, a2, a3 of the gaps between the outer periphery of the turntables 20 . 20a . 20b and the opposite inner wall of the cylinder 8th so that the gap decreases from top to bottom: a1>a2> a3. The dotted vertical stroke is intended to illustrate the radius ratio or gap ratio.

3a shows the top view and 3b the side view of the upper turntable 20 , The disc 20 has two passes as shown 80 through which material can pass from top to bottom. In the embodiment, no passage, only one passage, two, three, four or more passages 80 intended. By means of the driver 82 becomes the momentum transfer from the spinning disk 20 increased to the material. In an embodiment, 1, 2, 3, 4 or more drivers 82 provided and / or the one or more drivers 80 are designed so that this gas in the carburetor stage 16 set in motion so that a vortex is created or the vortex generated by the fluidized material is amplified.

According to shows 4a the top view and 4b the side view of the other turntable (s) 20a . 20b , The disc 20a , b has four passes as shown 86 through which material can pass from top to bottom. In the embodiment, no passage, only one passage, two, three, four or more passages 86 intended. By means of the drivers 88 or rotor blades is the momentum transfer from the rotating disc 20a , b on the material increases. In an embodiment, 1, 2, 3, 4 or more drivers 88 provided and / or the one or more drivers 88 are designed so that these gas in the carburetor stages 16 . 16a . 16b in motion, so that a vortex is created or the vortex generated by the fluidized material is amplified. In an embodiment, the lower turntable also has 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 or more drivers or rotor blades (not shown), which for the lower carburetor stage a function as for the driver 82 respectively. 88 described / provide.

5 schematically shows a block diagram of an exemplary control of the carburetor unit 2 , A control unit 100 receives signals from a first temperature sensor 108 (measures the temperature in or at the lower carburetor stage 18 ), from a second temperature sensor 110 (measures the temperature in or at the top of the carburetor stage 16 ), and the gas analysis unit 114 (please refer 78 ). The control unit 100 controls the shaft drive 102 (please refer 26 ), the heating unit 112 (please refer 34 ), the worm drive 104 (please refer 46 ), and the lock actuator unit 106 (please refer 54 . 56 ) at. Input has already been described, in what way the control unit 100 controls the carburetor unit to achieve optimized gasification of the carbonaceous material.

For the pyrolysis or gasification process it should be noted that basically in each of the gasifier stages ( 16 . 16a . 16b . 18 ) run the parallel processes drying, pyrolysis and oxidation, but their share in the overall process from stage to stage is very different. For example, the importance of drying the material from top to bottom ( 16 > ( 16a > 16b >) 18 ), while the importance of pyrolysis increases from top to bottom. The 'oxidation' here is only the slightest part of the oxidation with atmospheric oxygen (the unintentionally enters the process through the lock - otherwise preferably the atmosphere of the carburetor is provided) and predominantly takes place oxidation with the oxygen from the water of the material instead (as far as through the optional moisture vent was not removed during drying). The Reaction scheme is simplified H ₂ O> H ₂ + O; 20 + C> CO ₂ . CO ₂ and H ₂ then exit from the process as pryolysis gases. Despite the oxidation process, it is necessary in the allothermal process that at least the lower carburetor stage be heated.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2

gasifier unit

4

Conveyor

6

carburettor

8th

Inner wall / inner cylinder

10

cover

12

Outer wall / outer cylinder

14

ground

16

upper stage / vortex chamber

16a

first intermediate / vortex chamber

16b

second intermediate / vortex chamber

18

lower pyrolysis stage / vortex chamber

20

upper disc / plate

20a

first washer / plate

20b

second washer / plate

22

lower disc / plate

24

wave

26

Drive / motor

28

camp

30

first heat exchanger

32

Gas guide / channel

34

heater

40

Föderrohr

42

slug

44

worm shaft

46

engine

50

lock unit

52

Filling hopper / reservoir

54

first slide

56

second slider

58

lock chamber

70

second heat exchanger

72

gas channel

74

connecting line

76

gas outlet

78

Gas analyzer

80

first passage

82

Carrier / rotor blade

86

second passage

88

Carrier / rotor blade

100

control

102

shaft drive

104

screw drive

106

Schleusenaktuatoreinheit

108

first temperature sensor

110

second temperature sensor

112

heating unit

114

Gas analysis unit

a1, a2,

a3 distance / gap

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

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Cited patent literature

• EP 2650347 A1 [0002, 0040, 0040]

Claims (12)

Carburetor ( 2 ) for the gasification of carbonaceous material, in particular of organic and / or inorganic waste, wherein the gasifier comprises: at least one upper and one lower gasification stage ( 16 . 16a . 16b . 18 ), the upper carburetor stage ( 16 ) above the lower carburetor stage ( 18 ), one between the upper carburetor stage ( 16 ) and the lower carburetor stage ( 18 ) or one between the upper carburetor stage ( 16 ) and a carburetor stage below the upper carburetor stage ( 16a ) arranged upper turntable ( 20 ), one at the bottom of the lower carburetor stage ( 18 ) arranged lower turntable ( 22 ), one by means of a drive ( 26 ) driven shaft ( 24 ) with the upper turntable ( 20 ) and drives them. Carburetor according to claim 1, wherein the drive ( 26 ) is designed so that the upper turntable ( 20 ) is drivable at a speed of at least 100 or 200 U / min. Carburettor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the shaft ( 26 ) also with the lower turntable ( 22 ) is connected to drive the lower turntable, wherein optionally the shaft with one, several or all other optional turntables ( 20a , b) is connected. Carburettor according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the upper hub ( 20 ) and / or the lower turntable ( 22 ) and / or one, several or all of the other optional turntables ( 20a , b) one or more upwardly projecting impulse elements ( 82 . 88 ) for transmitting a pulse from the rotating hub to the material to be gasified. Carburetor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carburettor has at least three superimposed carburetor stages ( 16 . 16a . 16b . 18 ) and between the upper and further carburetor stage, the upper hub ( 20 ) and between the further and lower carburetor stage, a further or second hub ( 20a , b) is arranged, and / or wherein the diameter of the lower turntable ( 22 ) is greater than the diameter of the upper turntable ( 20 ), and / or wherein a gap (a1) on the outer circumference of the upper turntable ( 20 ) is greater than the gap (a2, a3) of the lower or a subsequent further turntable ( 22 . 20a , b). Carburettor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein on the outside or in the edge region of the upper carburetor stage ( 16 ) and / or on the outside or in the edge region of one or more of the optional further carburetor stages ( 16a , b) a heat exchanger device ( 30 ), which is in heat exchange with the gasifier stage (with the carburetor stages), wherein preferably the heat exchanger means is adapted to that in the lower carburetor stage ( 18 ) gas at the top and / or at one or more of the optional gasifier stages ( 16 . 16a , b) to lead along. Carburettor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein one or the gas guiding and / or heat exchanger device ( 30 ) provided in the lower carburetor stage ( 18 ) gas at a drying stage and / or material transport and / or a dosing device ( 4 ) leads to the heat exchange along. Carburettor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the upper carburetor stage ( 16 ) one or the drying stage and / or one or the material transport and metering device ( 4 ) and / or a material lock ( 50 ) is connected upstream. Carburettor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carburettor further comprises a second heat exchanger device ( 70 ) associated with one or the material transport and metering device ( 4 ) and / or with one or the material lock ( 50 ) is in heat exchange. Carburettor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carburetor further comprises a control device ( 100 ), by means of which the drive ( 26 . 102 ) is controllable or the speed of the drive is controllable, and / or one or the Materialtransport- and -dosiereinrichtung ( 4 . 104 ) is controllable or the material transport by means of the material transport and -dosiereinrichtung is controllable, and / or one or the material lock ( 50 . 106 ) or the opening and closing of one or more lock gates ( 54 . 56 ) the material lock is controllable, and / or the heating power of the or a heating device ( 34 . 112 ) is controllable. Carburettor according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carburetor one or more temperature sensors ( 108 . 110 ) and / or a gas sensor device ( 78 . 114 ), whose or their signals to the or a control device ( 100 ), wherein the control device is designed to reduce the rotational speed of the drive ( 26 . 102 ) and / or the conveying by or a material transport and metering device ( 4 . 104 ) depending on the signal (s) of the Gas sensor device and / or from the (the) temperature sensor (s) to control. Method for operating a carburettor ( 2 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the carburetor optionally with one or the control device ( 100 ) is controllable so that the speed of the drive ( 26 . 102 ) is variable, and / or the material transport by means of or a material transport and -dosiereinrichtung ( 4 . 104 ) is controllable, and / or the opening and closing of one or more lock gates of the or a material lock ( 50 . 106 ) is controllable.

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