DE102014117581A1 - Tunnel extension made of tubbing rings with outside compliance element - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a tunnel construction (21) of connectable tubbing rings (1), wherein each tubbing ring (1) circumferentially from a plurality of prefabricated tubbing segments (2) is formed. The tunnel construction (21) is characterized in that a flat compliance element (6) is arranged at least in regions on the outer lateral surface (4) of a tubbings (2).

Description

The present invention relates to a tunnel construction of connectable tubbing rings according to the features in the preamble of claim 1.

From the prior art it is known to make a tunnel extension by means of tubbing.

For this purpose, individual prefabricated and interconnectable segments are assembled into a tubbing ring and then lined up in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel successive tubbing rings.

Especially when using tunnel boring machines, such segments are used.

With the help of a tunnel boring machine a corresponding outbreak, thus a tunnel shaft is created in the underground area, whose inner diameter is greater than the outer diameter of a tubbing ring. Then the tubbing ring is used. However, due to the initially artificially produced tunnel shaft and the material thereby recessed, an earth or mountain pressure is created, which is influenced in particular by the gravitational force of gravity. The inserted tubbing ring should be designed to be as rigid as possible in order to support the interior of the tunnel construction thus produced. Now, if the tubbing ring anchored in the tunnel shaft is first transferred a Nachsacken the surrounding eruption due to the earth or mountain pressure or even due to geological anomalies on the tubbing, so that it may cause damage to the tubbing ring, in particular to cracking and As a result, the support function is no longer given to a sufficient extent.

From the prior art, for example, from the AT 395 342 B or even from the AT 396 711 B Tubbing rings are known in which integrated compliance elements are provided in the circumferential direction. Thus, if a compressive force is introduced from the outside into the tubbing ring, a compression of the yielding elements incorporated in the circumferential direction between the tubs takes place, so that stress peaks are reduced.

However, such a configuration has proved to be difficult to implement, especially with regard to the associated leakage requirement of tunneling.

It has therefore established itself in the prior art, as for example in the AT 396 711 B described, between the inner circumferential surface of the tunnel shaft and outer casing surface of the tubbing ring to introduce a filler. Such an approach is for example also from the DE 86 32 480 U1 known.

In recent years, an elastic mortar was developed for this purpose, which hardens and thus ensures the positioning of the tubbing ring, but at the same time has a certain Restduktilität or deformability to compensate for stress peaks by elastic and plastic deformation. However, such a production method is quite cost-intensive, in particular because of the special material used, while at the same time reducing the deformability of the inherently more solid material, stress peaks in the radial direction, is limited.

The object of the present invention is therefore to develop a well-known from the prior art tunnel construction with tubbing such that stress peaks of an adjacent rock pressure are compensated on a built tubbing ring, but the tunneling process is simple and cost-effective feasible.

The aforementioned object is inventively achieved with a tunnel extension of connectable tubbing rings according to the features in claim 1.

Advantageous embodiment variants of the tunnel construction according to the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

The Tunnelausbau of connectable tubbing rings, each tubbing ring is formed circumferentially from several prefabricated tubbings, according to the invention is characterized in that on the outer lateral surface of a tubbing at least partially a flat compliance element is arranged.

According to the invention there is thus the advantage that each prefabricated tubbing, wherein the tubbing in the context of the invention are preferably made of reinforced concrete components, at least partially, in particular on its outer circumferential surface is provided substantially over the entire surface with a compliance element. The tubbing provided in this way can then be used to form a respective tubbing ring around the shaft opening in accordance with progressing tunnel construction. An anticipated during the construction phase or the initial time of the tunnel produced and / or emerging rock pressure, in particular peaks in the rock pressure can be compensated by the compliance element, due to a particular plastic deformation in the radial direction of the tubbing ring.

The flat compliance element is characterized in that it covers at least in regions in the circumferential direction of the tubbing ring produced from several segments, the tubbing on which it is mounted. Thus, the compliance element covers a region of the outer circumferential surface of the tubbing due to the planar design of the compliance element itself.

The directed in the circumferential direction of the tubbing ring end faces of two adjacent segments can thus lie over the entire surface, in particular under inclusion of a sealing element to each other. The longitudinal surfaces resulting end surfaces of the tubbing rings can also be over the entire surface, in particular under inclusion of a sealing element to each other. The circumference of each tubbing ring is characterized in that here in the circumferential direction just no compliance element is incorporated, constantly formed. Unequal placement of two adjacent tubbing rings is thus avoided due to the non-circumferentially integrated compliant element. The resulting rock pressure is already compensated by deformation of the compliance element on the outer circumferential surface, so that the installation position of the tubbing ring thereof remains virtually untouched. In particular, the tightness between the tubbings of a tubbing ring but also between the individual tubbing rings is thereby improved to a particularly high degree.

When carrying out the tunnel construction itself, the expansion process is particularly easy to carry out, since each tubbing is preferably already equipped with a flat compliance element on its outer circumferential surface and thus the tubbing ring can be placed together.

A possibly remaining cavity between the tunnel shaft and the outer lateral surface of the tubbing ring or the outer lateral surface of the compliance element can be filled with conventional filling material, for example commercial mortar. For this purpose, no elastic and / or plastic specially deformable material, in particular no expensive elastic mortar, for example, with gas inclusions must be introduced. The expansion process is thus technically simple and not prone to error feasible, with a particularly effective way to compensate for resulting rock pressure. Precisely because the segments are already equipped with the finished compliance element, furthermore, the source of error of incorrect installation of the compliance function, for example due to incorrectly subsequently introduced mortar or similar flexible material, is excluded.

On the inner lateral surface of the tubbing rings, a surface of the tubbing material that is continuous except for the separating gaps thus results, usually made of concrete, without this surface being interrupted by compensating elements. This, in turn, offers two advantages in particular. On the one hand, a high sealing quality can be ensured with simple and effective sealing measures, for example the introduction of sealing material between the end faces of the tubbings in circumferential adjacent tubbing elements as well as the tubbing rings adjacent in the longitudinal direction. On the other hand, the inner surface is not interrupted by other materials, in particular metallic materials on the inside and the sealing function is possibly endangered due to incorporated in the circumferential direction compliance elements. This is particularly advantageous for avoiding chemical reactions in the interior of the tunnel construction produced. For example, in the storage of hazardous waste and / or nuclear waste, this effect proves to be particularly advantageous because no chemical reaction of the tunnel lining is to be compared with the atmosphere prevailing in the tunnel.

The compliance element is preferably formed from a metallic material, in particular from a steel material and / or formed from a plastic. For this purpose, the compliance element has, in particular, cavities which are formed, for example, by pipes arranged next to one another or else also a honeycomb structure. The cavities maintain a free space, so that the initially stiff material of the compliance element undergoes a cold deformation by the action of a rock pressure, thereby plastically deforming the compliance element.

The compliance element is in particular positively coupled to the outer circumferential surface at least partially adjacent to the tubbing. Optionally additionally or alternatively, the compliance element can also be coupled to the tubbing by a material fit, in particular by an adhesive method.

In a particularly preferred embodiment variant, the tubbing has at least one continuous mounting hole extending in the radial direction of the tubbing ring. In the mounting hole or when using two or more mounting holes gripping elements can be introduced into the mounting holes, so that the tubbing can be moved to its installation and there the tubbing ring of several tubbing is assembled. The compliance element is particularly preferably inserted positively with an extension from the outside into the mounting hole, so that on the one hand the mounting hole is sealed, on the other hand Also, a structurally simpler and efficient connection between the compliance element and tubbing is created, as long as the tubbing is not yet positioned in the installed position.

In a particularly preferred embodiment variant, the compliance element is formed from a plurality of parallel juxtaposed and / or stacked tubes, wherein the tubes are preferably arranged offset parallel to a central longitudinal axis of the tunnel construction and the tubbing ring on the outer circumferential surface of the tubbings. The tubes themselves are again preferably made of a steel material, again with the advantage that a cost-effective commercial steel can be used and no special materials, e.g. Stainless steel materials must be used. In this embodiment, in the radial direction, in particular, the factor by which the compliance element is designed to be yielding can be set by, for example, stacking at least two, preferably also three, layers of tubes. In particular, separating layers of a flat material, for example of sheet metal blanks are arranged between the individual tubes. In the context of the invention, however, the tubes can also be stacked offset from each other in the radial direction. The longitudinal axes of the tubes themselves are then in turn arranged parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the tubbing ring. Furthermore, particularly preferably, with respect to the radial direction of the tubbing ring, a layer of a flat material, in particular of sheet metal blanks, is arranged on the inside and / or outside of the tubes. By selecting the diameter and / or wall thickness of the tubes and optionally a filling of the tubes, a targeted force-displacement diagram can be adjusted for the deformation taking place due to pressure.

Particularly preferably, a compliance element covers in each case the outer circumferential surface of a tubbings, so that in the case of a composite tubbing ring it is completely encased in its outer circumferential surface by means of compliance elements.

In the context of the invention, however, it is also possible for different compliance elements to be used as a function of locally differing rock pressure and / or occurring geographical anomalies. If, for example, due to a geographical anomaly, a high initial rock pressure is to be expected specifically in the area of a tubbings, it is possible to use this tubbings with a compliance element, wherein the compliance element has a significantly higher compliance factor compared to the compliance elements of the adjacent tubbings.

In the context of the invention, it is also conceivable, based on the vertical direction in the lower region of the tubbing ring, to use compliance elements with a lower compliance factor, so that static pressure occurring due to the own weight of the tubbing ring is taken into account. In particular, in the case of superposition with dynamic load, for example due to a vehicle traveling through the manufactured tunnel, in particular a rail vehicle, a pressure generated artificially based on its own weight and dynamic load can be compensated or completely supported. With respect to the vertical direction of the compass in the upper region of the tubbing ring, it is then possible to use compliance elements which have a higher compliance factor, so that here the rock pressure of the rock masses above the tunnel lining is reduced by increased plastic deformation of the compliance elements.

Further advantages, features, characteristics and aspects of the present invention are the subject of the following description. Preferred embodiments are shown in the schematic figures. These are for easy understanding of the invention. Show it:

1 a tubbing ring consisting of juxtaposed circumferential tubbings each with external compliance element,

2a to c a tubbing and a compensating element in different representations,

3 a tubbing ring formed from circumferentially juxtaposed tubbing with external adapted to the locally occurring pressure loads compliance elements and

4 a tunnel extension in side view.

In the figures, the same reference numerals are used for the same or similar components, even if a repeated description is omitted for reasons of simplicity.

1 shows a tubbing ring 1 in which circumferential in the circumferential direction 8th several tubbings 2 strung together. The tubbing 2 even lie with their faces 3 in each case to each other, wherein not shown sealing elements can be incorporated therebetween. On the outer surface 4 a tubbing 2 is in the radial direction 5 ever a compliance element 6 arranged so that an externally applied pressure D to a Deformation of the compliance element 6 leads and thus damage to the tubbing ring 1 is avoided. The compliance element 6 extends in each case also in the direction of the central longitudinal axis 7 of the tubbing ring 1 , In the circumferential direction 8th the compliance element extends 6 also over the entire outer surface 4 of the respective tubbing ring 1 , The compliance element 6 In the context of the invention, it may be particularly preferred that it in turn be formed on its outer circumferential surface 10 about the district sector 9 of the respective tubbing 2 extends. External joints 11 two adjacent compliance elements 6 are therefore also almost covered, so that it is not here to a direct contact with the schematically indicated outbreak 12 or a corresponding backfilling, by means of commercial mortar 13 the outer circumferential surface 4 of the tubbing 2 himself comes. Also, it would be conceivable that the compliance elements 6 in the circumferential direction 8th to the tubbing 2 arranged offset by a few degrees, so that the end face 3 between the tubbing 2 in the radial direction 5 from a compliance element 6 is covered.

Another essential to the invention advantage results from the 2a to c. Shown here is the respective tubbing 2 which is a piercing mounting hole 14 for attaching a gripper has. The compliance element 6 has an extension to it 15 on with the extension 15 trained abutments 16 so that the compliance element 6 by means of the extension 15 in the mounting hole 14 can be used in 2 B represented and thus form-fitting manner to the produced tubbing 2 is fixed in position and its outer circumferential surface 4 overlaps flat.

Also clearly visible in 2 B is again that the outer circumferential surface 10 of the compliance element 6 the district sector 9 following in the radial direction 5 opposite the outer circumferential surface 4 of the tubbing 2 widened itself and thus in the circumferential direction 8th the outer circumferential surface 6 completely covered, so that when assembling the tubbing ring 1 resulting butt joints 11 in each case cover the underlying joint between two segments by two adjacent compliance elements. The compliance element 6 itself is preferred from a variety of tubes 17 , in particular formed of a steel material, wherein the longitudinal direction 18 the pipes 17 in the direction of the central longitudinal axis 7 of the tubbing ring 1 extends or are spaced parallel thereto.

The pipes 17 are particularly preferred as shown here, in the radial direction 15 stacked one above the other, wherein furthermore preferably an inner jacket 19 as well as an outer jacket 20 on the compliance element 6 is formed, as in 2a clearly visible. Also between the individual tubes is an intermediate sheath 24 arranged so that there is an inner tube layer and an outer tube layer. Shown here are in the radial direction 5 two pipes each 17 it is also conceivable, in the radial direction 5 stack three or four pipe layers on top of each other. The individual pipe layers can then through a respective intermediate jacket 24 be separated from each other. The tubes of the individual layers may be stacked in the radial direction. However, it is also possible that the tubes are each arranged offset from one another.

In particular, this results in the advantage shown in FIG 3 , According to which each locally different pressure conditions are used, for example, by geological anomalies there for the targeted derivation of the static rock pressure. For this purpose, in the image plane, top and bottom right each yield elements 6 used, which have a higher deformability, with the top center each yielding elements 6 are used, which in contrast have a lower deformability, since a lower pressure ratio is present here. The respective force arrows are dimensioned differently to illustrate that different pressure forces are acting on each other. Some compliance elements 6 are shown without the tubes.

Reflected on the image plane lower left and lower right are again also yielding elements 6 , Which have a lower compliance factor arranged, since again here the pressure is lower. In this case, the tunnel construction shown is 21 for receiving a railway track 22 trained, being a foundation 23 is introduced for receiving a track bed. In addition to the statically acting dead weight F _{S of} the tunnel construction 21 as well as the foundation 23 and the railroad track 22 even dynamic forces F _{D act} when crossing a rail vehicle weighing several tons due to the gravitational force E on the segments shown in the lower center of the picture 2 , These are below the tunnel construction 21 therefore no compliance elements 6 arranged so that a static support is guaranteed, but the rock pressure over the compliance elements 6 is locally compensated targeted.

In 4 is a tunnel extension 21 illustrated, comprising a plurality of juxtaposed tubbing rings 1 , each consisting of individual tubbing 2 , The tubbing 2 each outboard have a non-illustrated compliance element 6 on. It is easy to see that the individual butt joints 11 between the tubbing 2 in Circumferential direction by each rotation of the adjacent tubbing ring 1 are offset to each other. The resulting butt joints 25 between the individual tubbing rings 1 are also in turn under inclusion of a sealing element not shown together.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

tubbing

2

tubbing

3

Face to 2

4

Outer jacket surface too 2

5

radial direction

6

compliant element

7

Center longitudinal axis too 1

8th

circumferentially

9

circular sector

10

Outer jacket surface too 6

11

 butt joint

12

 outbreak

13

 mortar

14

 mounting hole

15

 extension

16

Abutment too 15

17

 pipe

18

Longitudinal direction too 17

19

 inner sheath

20

 outer sheath

21

 tunneling

22

 Railroad track

23

 foundation

24

 Between coat coat

25

 joints

D

 print

e

gravity

F _S

static force

F _D

 dynamic power

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• AT 395342 B [0006]
• AT 396711 B [0006, 0008]
• DE 8632480 U1 [0008]

Claims (10)

Tunnel construction ( 21 ) made of connectable tubbing rings ( 1 ), each tubbing ring ( 1 ) surrounding several prefabricated segments ( 2 ), characterized in that on the outer circumferential surface ( 4 ) of a tubbing ( 2 ) at least in regions a flat compliance element ( 6 ) is arranged. Tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that on the outer circumferential surface ( 4 ) of a tubbing ring ( 1 ) at least in sections circumferentially several compliance elements ( 6 ), preference is given to several compliance elements ( 6 ) the tubbing ring ( 1 ) arranged ummantelnd. Tunnels according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that each one compliance element ( 6 ) on the outer surface ( 4 ) of a tubbing ( 2 ) is arranged and with the tubbing ( 2 ) is coupled. Tunnel construction according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the compliance element ( 6 ) positively and / or cohesively with the tubbing ( 2 ) is coupled. Tunnel construction according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a tubbing ( 2 ) at least one continuous in the radial direction ( 5 ) of the tubbing ring ( 1 ) extending mounting hole ( 14 ), wherein the compliance element ( 6 ) with an extension ( 15 ) from the outside into the mounting hole ( 14 ) is inserted. Tunnel construction according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that depending on locally different occurring pressure (D) and / or geographical anomalies from each other different compliance elements ( 6 ) are used. Tunnel construction according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the compliance element ( 6 ) is formed of a steel material and / or that the compliance element ( 6 ) is formed of a plastic. Tunnel construction according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the compliance element ( 6 ) of a plurality of mutually parallel tubes ( 17 ), wherein the tubes ( 17 ) preferably to a central longitudinal axis ( 7 ) of the tubbing ring ( 1 ) offset in parallel on the outer circumferential surface ( 4 ) of the tubbing ( 2 ) are arranged. Tunnel construction according to claim 8, characterized in that in a radial direction ( 5 ) of the tubbing ring ( 1 ) relative to the inside and / or outside of the tubes ( 17 ) A layer of a flat material is arranged. Tunnel construction according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that in the radial direction ( 5 ) at least two layers of tubes ( 17 ) are arranged one above the other.

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