DE102014109089A1 - Submarine and method for opening a hatch of a submarine limited by a manhole - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention proposes a submarine with a hatch limited by a manhole, the hatch being closed in a closed condition with an insert and a wedge, the hatch and the wedge being separately removable from the manhole for opening the hatch.

Description

State of the art

The present invention relates to a submarine and a method for opening a hatch of a submarine limited by a manhole. Such hatches are typically intended for cargo intake and embedded in a pressure hull of the submarine. For the formation of the hatch, which is essentially limited by the shaft, a recess in a pressure body of the submarine is usually required, whereby a scaffold formed by frames and stringer of the pressure hull must be structurally interrupted. For the necessary stability and compressive strength of the pressure hull of the submarine, especially in a dive, then provides an insertion link, which is arranged to close the hatch within the shaft to reinforce the scaffold.

Typically, the shaft tapers along a direction extending into the interior of the submarine, and the deliberately designed, configured insertion tie is correspondingly wedge-shaped. As a result, the wedge-shaped insertion arm can only be removed by being pulled out of the shaft of the submarine shaft along a direction that runs out of the submarine interior. If the crawler load is to be stowed inside the submarine while cargo is being picked up, the crawler load generally has to be turned by 90 ° and then lowered into the submarine interior. As a result of the pressures occurring during the dive, the tie bar also settles so firmly on the shaft that the previously known methods for releasing or decoupling the tie bars, for example via a push-up by means of pressure screws, do not lead to the desired success and therefore the use of additional measures, For example, hammer blows required. In particular, the present methods are difficult to automate due to the complex and directional maneuvers (lifting, turning, deflating, ...) of the tie-in during opening and closing of the hatch.

Disclosure of the invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide a submarine with an infeed luff, wherein it is easy to open a hatch bounded by a shaft with the luffing jib. Furthermore, it is desirable for the hatch to be at least partially automated to open and close to reduce crew work and injury risk.

The object of the present invention is achieved by a submarine with a hatch limited by a shaft, wherein the hatch is closed in a closed state with an insertion flange and a wedge, wherein for opening the hatch of the insert and the wedge separately from the shaft are removable.

Compared with the prior art, the method according to the invention has the advantage that the insertion link no longer has to be designed precisely to the shaft shape, in particular wedge-shaped, in order to arrange it in the shaft. Rather, the use of the wedge allows the crawler to be shaped and dimensioned to be shorter than the dimensions of the cradle and thus to be lowered immediately after removal of the wedge into the submarine interior. This dispenses with costly turning and turning maneuvers when opening the hatch in an advantageous manner, which finally facilitates the handle of the insert rims when opening the hatch considerably.

Preferably, the hatch extends substantially along a longitudinal axis of the submarine and is embedded in the pressure body. The hatch is essentially limited by a shaft, in particular by the inner wall, wherein the shaft tapers along a direction extending into the U-boat interior direction. Furthermore, the hatch is preferably a cargo hatch through which a cargo, for example a torpedo, is conveyed in the opened state. The charge can then be picked up, for example, by a storage space arranged under the hatch, for example a weapons warehouse, and stored there. In the closed state of the hatch required for the stability of the pressure hull Einlegespant blocked the intended transport path for the load. The pressure body preferably has, in addition to the pressure body skin, a scaffold formed from frames and stringers. It is envisaged that the scaffold formed from frames and stringers is complemented by arranged in the shaft loading armature or required for the formation of a hatch interruption is closed again by the inserted arm to ensure the required for a dive statics of the pressure hull. Furthermore, it is provided that the wedge is arranged between the insertion flange and a contact surface of the shaft. Preferably, in each case a wedge on the starboard side and on the port side between the shaft and the loading jack is arranged. It is also conceivable that in a closed hatch a plurality of insertion ribs in the longitudinal direction of the submarine is arranged side by side. It is also clear to the person skilled in the art that closing the hatch does not necessarily mean that a watertight closure has to be realized. By closing is meant that the transport of the cargo through the hatch is prevented or blocked by the Insert link for supplementing the scaffold formed by stringers and frames in the shaft is arranged. For example, it is conceivable that a watertight closure is achieved by a, preferably hinged, additional hatch cover attached to the submarine.

Advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention are the dependent claims and the description with reference to the drawings.

In a further embodiment, it is provided that the insertion flange and the wedge are at least temporarily movable in opposite directions when closing or opening the hatch. In particular, the wedge and the cot are conveyed out of the slot or into the slot by the opposite movement. In this case, in particular when opening, the wedge can be pulled out of the submarine along a direction that runs out of the submarine interior, and the loading trench can be drawn into the submarine, in particular into its pressure body, along a direction extending into the submarine interior. Pulling it in does not transfer the insert spreader into a position or position when it is opened in which it could complicate or even impede the transport of the load to the open hatch in any way. Furthermore, the wedges are configured such that the wedges of the load that are to be conveyed out of the shaft and which are to be conveyed through the hatch form a passage through which the cargo can be guided to the hatch.

In a further embodiment, it is provided that, in a coupling state, the wedge and the insertion flange form a composite of wedge and insertion flange via a connecting means. In this case, the composite of wedge and insert tensioning assumes the coupling state, preferably immediately before the closing of the hatch, and remains in the closed state, in particular. Preferably, the connecting means is arranged on the U-boat inner facing side of the composite. Temporary bonding makes it easier to pull in the insertion link and wedge. Finally, one would otherwise have to coordinate independent movement with each other in the first method step for arranging the insertion flange and the wedge. Instead, the composite of wedge and crawler in a simple manner in a common maneuver together in the composite pull in the shaft. Preferably, the insertion link is arranged to connect to the wedge just above the shaft on the side facing away from the U-boat interior side.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that, for the opening of the hatch, the composite of the insertion flange and the wedge can be pushed out of the shaft with a lifting device. As a result, can be advantageously cause the, for example, by the dive pressed into the shaft, composite of insertion arm and wedge triggers again from the shaft. It is envisaged that the composite is pressed out of the shaft only a few millimeters. In particular, a lifting device, which is arranged below the Einlegespants is used for pressing out. For example, the lifting device is a short-stroke cylinder with a shut-off valve, which is connected via a point of attachment to a hand pump. By operating the Kurzhubzylinders on the hand pump can be solved in an advantageous manner without additional measures of the composite of insert and wedge from the shaft.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that, in the closed state, the composite of insert spine and wedge is connected via a shock clamp to a pressure hull of the submarine. Through the use of shock clips, the composite of insert flange and wedge can be optimally positioned in the shaft and it is advantageously causes a bias. Furthermore, it is provided that the shock clips are released before the hatch should be opened again.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the insertion flange is coupled when opening the hatch via a lifting device to a pivoting device, wherein the lifting device and / or the pivoting device is decoupled in the closed state from the insertion link. Preferably, the coupling occurs when opening. Through the coupling with the pivoting device, the insertion link can be easily conveyed out of the shaft during opening or, when closing, into the shaft. By using the pivoting device, preferably via a pivoting arm, it is possible to realize a comparatively simple automation via the pivoting device. Uncoupling prevents individual parts of the system from supporting or touching one another in a shock and / or operational load case and thereby becoming damaged.

• – der Keil mit einer Seilwinde zum Herausziehen des Keils aus dem Schacht verbunden ist und/oder
• – der Einlegespant mit der Schwenkvorrichtung zum Herausziehen des Einlegespants aus dem Schacht verbunden ist. Insbesondere sind zumindest eine Seiltrommel auf dem Druckkörper des U-Boots und eine ein Seil führende Umlenkrolle oberhalb des Schachts angeordnet. Über die Seilwinde lässt sich der Keil auf einfache Weise aus dem Schacht herausziehen. Es ist dabei denkbar, dass die Seilwinde den Keil nicht vollständig aus dem Schacht herauszieht, sondern nur soweit, bis die Keile dem Einlegespant den Weg für eine Ablassbewegung frei geben. Ein weiterer Vorteil der Seilwinde ist, dass sie, beispielsweise über einen Motor, leicht automatisierbar ist. Weiterhin ist es vorgesehen, dass die Umlenkrollen an einem Beladeschacht angeordnet sind, der oberhalb der Luke angeordnet ist. Insbesondere sind jeweils zwei synchronisierte Seilwinden auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Schachts angeordnet, wenn ein Keil steuerbordseitig und ein Keil backbordseitig neben dem Einlegespant angeordnet sind.

In a further embodiment, it is provided that when opening

• - The wedge is connected to a winch for pulling the wedge out of the shaft and / or
• - The insertion link with the pivoting device for pulling the insert rims out of the shaft connected is. In particular, at least one cable drum on the pressure hull of the submarine and a pulley leading pulley are arranged above the shaft. The winch makes it easy to pull the wedge out of the shaft. It is conceivable that the winch does not pull the wedge completely out of the shaft, but only so far, until the wedges give the leash the way for a Ablassbewegung. Another advantage of the winch is that it can be easily automated, for example via a motor. Furthermore, it is provided that the deflection rollers are arranged on a loading shaft, which is arranged above the hatch. In particular, two synchronized cable winches are arranged on opposite sides of the shaft, when a wedge starboard side and a wedge are arranged on the port side next to the Einlegespant.

In a further embodiment, it is provided that the pivoting device is mounted or arranged in the locked state locked in a bearing block. By locking the pivoting device, in particular the swivel arm, fixed. Such a fixation proves to be advantageous in particular in swell, shock and / or in the case of an operating load and prevents unintentional, preferably inertial pivoting of the swivel device.

In a further embodiment, it is provided that in the closed state of the hatch, a plurality of insertion ribs in the shaft is arranged. In particular, it is provided that at least one wedge, preferably two wedges, are provided for each insertion link of this plurality of insertion beams. This plurality of insertion ribs is preferably connected in each case via a lifting device with the pivoting device. Furthermore, it is provided that the plurality of insertion ribs is conveyed out of the shaft or into the shaft by a common pivoting movement, preferably simultaneously.

In a further embodiment, it is provided that in each case a wedge is connected to a winch and / or a plurality of cable winches can be driven via a common transmission shaft. In particular, it is provided that the transmission shaft is driven by a worm gear. At the transmission shaft, the rope drums of the individual winches are attached, whereby the individual winches are driven by the common transmission shaft. As a result, a timed, preferably synchronous retraction of the individual wedges from the shaft can be realized in an advantageous manner.

In a further embodiment, it is provided that a torpedo is transported via the hatch into the submarine interior. It is conceivable that below the hatch, a pivotable loading system is arranged, which receives the torpedo and then deposits at a predetermined location in the weapons store.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the hatch is automatically closable. Preferably, the hatch can also be opened automatically. As a result, the workload and the risk of injury to the crew are reduced in an advantageous manner.

Another object of the present invention is a method for opening a hatch of a submarine limited by a shaft, wherein in a first method step for opening the hatch, an insertion flange and a wedge are pulled out of the shaft separately.

Compared to the prior art, the method has the advantage that the insertion link can be easily detached from the shaft. In particular, the insertion beam can be designed such that it can be pulled in a movement in a pressure hull of a submarine without costly turning and turning maneuver.

In a further embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that in a zerte process step for closing the hatch of the wedge between the insertion flange and the shaft is arranged. As a result, the hatch is closed in an uncomplicated and thus advantageous manner.

• – in einem zeitlich vor dem nullten Verfahrensschritt erfolgenden zweiten Verfahrensschritt zur Bildung eines Kopplungszustandes der Einlegespant und der Keil über ein Verbindungsmittel zu einem Verbund aus Einlegespant und Keil verbunden werden und/oder
• – in einem zeitlich nach dem nullten aber vor dem ersten Verfahrensschritt erfolgenden dritten Verfahrensschritt der Verbund aus Keil und Einlegespant über eine Schockklammer mit einem Druckkörper des U-Boots verbunden wird.

In a further embodiment of the present invention it is provided that

• - In a time before the zeroth process step taking place second process step to form a coupling state of the insertion flange and the wedge are connected via a connecting means to a composite of Einlegespant and wedge and / or
• - Connected in a time after the zeroth but before the first process step, the third step of the composite of wedge and Einlegespant is connected via a shock clamp with a pressure hull of the submarine.

• – in einem zeitlich vor dem ersten Verfahrensschritt erfolgenden vierten Verfahrensschritt der Verbund aus Einlegespant und Keil aus dem Schacht herausgedrückt wird,
• – im vierten Verfahrensschritt der Einlegespant über eine Hubvorrichtung an eine Schwenkvorrichtung für das Öffnen und/oder Verschließen gekoppelt wird, wobei die Hubvorrichtung und/oder die Schwenkvorrichtung in einem fünften Verfahrensschritt vom Einlegespant entkoppelt wird und/oder
• – in einem sechsten Verfahrensschritt, der insbesondere eine bevorzugte Ausführung des ersten Verfahrensschritt darstellt, der Keil über eine Seilwinde aus dem Schacht herausgezogen wird und/oder
• – im sechsten Verfahrensschritt der Einlegespant über die Schwenkvorrichtung aus dem Schacht herausgezogen wird.

In a further embodiment of the present invention it is provided that

• In a fourth process step, which takes place before the first method step, the composite of insert load and wedge is pushed out of the shaft,
• - In the fourth step of the insertion arm via a lifting device to a Pivoting device is coupled for opening and / or closing, wherein the lifting device and / or the pivoting device is decoupled from the insertion link in a fifth method step and / or
• In a sixth method step, which in particular represents a preferred embodiment of the first method step, the wedge is pulled out of the shaft via a cable winch and / or
• - Is pulled in the sixth step of the insertion arm on the pivoting device from the shaft.

In a further embodiment, it is provided that the zeroth process step, the first process step, the second process step, the third process step, the fourth process step, the fifth process step and / or the sixth process step, preferably completely, are carried out automatically. As a result, the workload and the risk of injury to the crew are reduced in an advantageous manner.

• – zur Bildung des Kopplungszustandes der Einlegespant und der Keil über ein Verbindungsmittel zu dem Verbund aus Einlegespant und Keil verbunden werden (siehe zweiter Verfahrensschritt),
• – der Verbund aus Keil und Einlegespant in den Schacht angeordnet, vorzugsweise mit einem Schwenkarm hineingezogen bzw. hineingeschwenkt wird (siehe nullter Verfahrensschritt),
• – die Schwenkvorrichtung vom Einlegespant entkoppelt wird (siehe fünfter Verfahrensschritt) und/oder
• – der Verbund aus Keil und Einlegespant über die Schockklammer mit einem Druckkörper des U-Boots verbunden wird (siehe dritter Verfahrensschritt). Weiterhin ist es vorgesehen, dass zum Öffnen der Luke
• – der Verbund aus Einlegespant und Keil aus dem Schacht herausgedrückt wird (siehe vierter Verfahrensschritt),
• – der Einlegespant über eine Hubvorrichtung an eine Schwenkvorrichtung für das Öffnen gekoppelt wird (siehe vierter Verfahrensschritt),
• – der Keil über eine Seilwinde aus dem Schacht herausgezogen wird (siehe sechster Verfahrensschritt als bevorzugte Ausführung des ersten Verfahrensschritts) und/oder
• – der Einlegespant über die Schwenkvorrichtung aus dem Schacht herausgezogen wird (siehe sechster Verfahrensschritt).

For reasons of clarity, the method steps explained above are set out again below in the preferred sequence:
When closing the hatch, it is intended that

• - To form the coupling state of the insertion flange and the wedge are connected via a connecting means to the composite of Einlegespant and wedge (see second step),
• The composite of wedge and insertion flange is arranged in the shaft, preferably pulled in or swiveled inward with a swivel arm (see the zeroth method step),
• - The pivoting device is decoupled from the insertion flange (see the fifth step) and / or
• - The composite of wedge and insert arm is connected via the shock clamp with a pressure hull of the submarine (see the third step). Furthermore, it is envisaged that to open the hatch
• - The composite of insert and wedge is pushed out of the shaft (see fourth step),
• - The insert is coupled via a lifting device to a pivoting device for opening (see fourth step),
• - The wedge is pulled out of the shaft via a winch (see sixth step in the process as a preferred embodiment of the first method step) and / or
• - The insertion link is pulled out of the shaft via the pivoting device (see sixth method step).

In particular, the opening process is as follows: To open the hatch, first the composite of the insert spider and the wedge is pushed out of the shaft. Subsequently, the composite of insert and wedge is loosened and in particular the wedge removed, d. h disconnected from the laying spreader. Preferably, following the separation of the wedge from the insertion link, the insertion link is pivoted out of the shaft, preferably by pivoting a pivoting arm, on which the insertion link is disposed, downwards. The hatch is opened and the loading process can be started. In particular, the closing process is as follows: After completion of the loading operation, the hatch is closed by preferably first pivoting the insert spider back into the shaft, preferably without finally closing it. Subsequently, the insertion beam is preferably connected to the wedge. After the formation of the bond between the insertion link and the wedge via a connecting means, it is provided, in particular, that the composite of the insertion link and the wedge be drawn into the shaft. In particular, finally, the insertion link, the wedge and / or the composite of Einlegespant and wedge are connected via the shock clamp to the pressure hull. The hatch is closed.

Further details, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the drawings and from the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the drawings. The drawings illustrate only exemplary embodiments of the invention, which do not limit the inventive concept.

Brief description of the figures

The 1 shows a sealed hatch according to the prior art.

The 2 shows a sealed hatch of a submarine in a side view, wherein the hatch for a method of opening and closing according to a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention is provided.

The 3 shows a hatch of a submarine in a side view during the opening according to a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

The 4 shows a hatch of a submarine in a side view during the opening according to a third exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

The 5 shows a closed hatch of a submarine in a perspective view, wherein the hatch is provided for a method of opening and closing the hatch according to a fourth exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

The 6 FIG. 12 shows an opened hatch of a submarine in a perspective view, the hatch being provided for a method of opening and closing the hatch according to a fifth exemplary embodiment of the present invention. FIG.

Embodiments of the invention

In the various figures, the same parts are always provided with the same reference numerals and are therefore usually named or mentioned only once in each case.

In 1 is a section of a submarine with a hatch shown. Preferably, the hatch is a cargo hatch through which charges enter a submarine interior 20 to get promoted. For example, through the open hatch torpedoes 14 loaded into a gun room located below the hatch and stored there. Preferably, the hatch is embedded in a pressure hull of the submarine, which in addition to a pressure body skin, a framework of frames and stringers 16 having. Here, the hatch is structurally determined by a shaft 3 , The shaft tapers 3 preferably along one of the submarine interior 20 incoming direction and is by contact surfaces 18 limited. To integrate the hatch in the pressure hull it is necessary that the shaft 3 the framework of frames and stringers 16 interrupts. However, in order to ensure the statics and compressive strength required for the pressure body, the shaft 3 with an insert 1 closed, whereby the recess in the framework of frames and stringers 16 filled again or otherwise missing frame in the framework is replaced. The inserted loading jack 1 then, in a locked state, supports the pressure hull in submersible operation of the submarine and must be removed from the hoistway for full opening of the hatch when a load is to be picked up from the submarine. Furthermore, an arranged above the shaft, substantially obliquely extending loading shaft 28 provided, preferably with a hatch cover 19 essentially watertight can be completed. Furthermore, it is preferably provided that a cable with a pulley 13 is arranged in the loading shaft, with which the laying spreader 1 from the shaft 3 can be raised. In particular, the insertion link comprises 1 a rope holder 39 to which the cable can be attached.

From the prior art are insertion beams 1 known, which are designed such that they fit into the slot 3 can be admitted. To fill the shaft 3 It is the prior art that the insertion link 1 directly on the contact surface 18 of the shaft 3 is applied. Correspondingly wedge-shaped is the insert spreader 1 designed to rejuvenate the shaft 3 Take into account. Due to the pressure forces that occur during the dive of the submarine, the insertion load becomes 1 in the shaft 3 pressed. The then set up jack 1 then it is difficult to get out of the shaft 3 to solve. For loosening the insert rims 1 the state of the art provides safety clips 29 to arrange with screws below the insert tabs placed in the hatch, the twisting of which should help loosen. It has been found that the twisting of the screws is often not sufficient to the insertion link 1 from the contact surfaces 18 of the shaft 3 to solve, and in addition hammer blows are required. As a particular disadvantage of the prior art, it turns out that the wedge-shaped insertion link 1 when opening the hatch due to the tapered design of the shaft 3 only to the outside, ie along one of the submarine interior 20 pioneering direction, from the shaft 3 can be pulled out. To the loading jack 1 in the submarine interior 20 At least temporarily stowed, it is then necessary, the just raised crawler 1 to tilt it until it passes through the shaft 3 fits and into the submarine interior 20 can be drained. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method which provides the handle, in particular of the Einlegespants 1 Easy to open and close and easy to automate.

In 2 is a hatch of a submarine in a side view in the locked state shown. Above the hatch in the pressure hull is the inclined loading shaft 28 arranged, with the help of the hatch cover 19 Close for the dive and over which the cargo is transported to the hatch. It is envisaged that to close the hatch of the shaft 3 with an insert 1 and one from the interlining 1 separate wedge 2 is filled. It is conceivable that the insertion beam is at least partially wedge-shaped. Preferably, it is provided that for closing, ie to achieve the closure state of the hatch in each case a wedge 2 starboard side and port side between the tie-in 1 and the contact surface 18 of the shaft 3 is arranged. This allows the insertion link 1 designed so that it after removing the wedges 2 when opening the hatch down, ie along one in the submarine interior 20 inward direction, into the submarine interior 20 can be pulled. To close the hatch, it is therefore intended that the insertion link 1 inside the shaft 3 is arranged and the wedges 2 between the tie-in 1 and the contact surface 18 of Schacht 3 to be placed. Preferably, it is provided that the wedge 2 and the loading jack 1 for closing the hatch via a connecting means 5 interconnected and in a coupling state a composite of wedge 2 and insole 1 form. In particular, the wedge 2 and the loading jack 1 at one to the submarine interior 20 pointing side, for example by means of a connecting screw 4 , connected with each other. This can ensure that the wedge 2 together with the laying spreader 1 in the shaft 3 can be pulled. Furthermore, shock clips 6 provided, over which a the Einlegespant 1 and the wedge 2 having composite with the pressure body, in particular with the framework of frames and stringers 16 , can be connected. Preferably, the connection of the composite with the pressure body, for example via fastening screws 30 after the composite in the shaft 3 is admitted. As a result, the composite of Einlegespant 1 and wedge 2 fixed and biased in a position defined with respect to the pressure hull, which facilitates the entire insertion of the hitch and wedge in a zeroth process step.

In 3 the hatch of a submarine is shown in a side view during opening according to a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention. It is envisaged that the composite of Einlegespant 1 and wedge 2 in a fourth method step for releasing the contact surface 18 from the shaft 3 to the outside, ie in one of the submarine interior 20 pioneering direction, pulled out by a few millimeters or pressed out. For this purpose, the composite is made of insert spreader 1 and wedge 2 with a lifting device 22 , preferably a hydraulic short-stroke cylinder, coupled in the fourth method step. By one of the lifting device 22 brought forward stroke is then in the fourth process step, the composite of Einlegespant 1 and wedge 2 from the contact surface 18 solved and raised a few millimeters. In particular, it is provided that by the fourth process step of the insertion link 1 over the lifting device 22 and / or coupling elements 31 with a swivel arm 26 , preferably for moving the Einlegespants 1 is provided when closing and / or opening the hatch is connected. In particular, it is provided that the swivel arm 26 only when opening and / or closing with the insertion link 1 is connected to prevent mutual support or contact in case of shock or operation.

In 4 Fig. 12 is a hatch of a submarine in a side view during opening according to a third exemplary embodiment of the present invention. It is envisaged that the wedge 2 separately from the shaft 3 is pulled. For this it is envisaged that the connecting means 5 and / or the shock clip 6 of interlining 1 and wedge 2 be solved. To remove the wedges 2 are winches 9 provided, their side drums 8th are preferably arranged on the pressure body and the deflection rollers 13 above the shaft 3 at the loading shaft 28 are arranged. In particular, it is provided that the cable drums 8th in a winch body 23 are arranged, one (pointing to the shaft) side is designed such that it is used to guide the wedge 2 when it is pulled out or serves the wedge 2 when pulling out, creating an additional guide is realized. It is also conceivable that in addition a guide 38 is provided, with which the wedge 2 to be led. By lifting out the wedges 2 from the shaft 3 arises both port side and starboard side, preferably each a gap 33 between the tie-in 1 and the corresponding contact surface 18 , Such a gap 33 advantageously allows direct draining of the tie-in 1 in the submarine.

In 5 a closed hatch of a submarine is shown in a perspective view, wherein the hatch is provided for a method for opening and closing the hatch. In the illustrated embodiment, four curbs along the longitudinal axis of the submarine are arranged side by side. For pivoting the cushions 1 are the individual sleepers 1 each via the lifting device 22 with a common swivel arm 26 connected. When pivoting the swivel arm 26 become the cushions 1 together from the shaft 3 out or into it. The swivel arm pivots 26 when opening around a pivot axis 34 in the submarine interior 20 and when closing in the direction of the shaft 3 and is preferably from a hydraulic cylinder 32 , preferably by a hydraulic cylinder oriented in the longitudinal direction of the submarine. Furthermore, it is conceivable that in the fourth method step for releasing the composite of insertion beams 1 and wedge 2 from the contact surface 18 a hand pump 24 is used, which has a point of infection 35 is connected to a shut-off valve having a short-stroke cylinder. By pressing the hand pump 24 is the composite of Einlegespant 1 and wedge 2 raised by a few millimeters. In particular, it is provided that the swivel arm 26 in a closed position, in which the hatch of the laying spreader 1 or the insertion beams 1 is locked, is locked. Preferably, one end of the swing arm 26 in a warehouse block 11 stored, the one locking cylinder 27 has, with the help of the swivel arm 26 is fixed.

Furthermore, it is envisaged that the respective for each single load 1 provided wedge 2 over its own winch 9 from the shaft 3 is pulled. It is preferably provided that individual winches 9 over a common transmission wave 12 connected, thereby pulling out the individual wedges 2 from the shaft 3 can be synchronized. It is envisaged that the transmission shaft 12 via a worm gear 25 is driven. On the transmission shaft 12 are preferably the rope drums 8th arranged a rope of winch 9 drives. The ropes are over the winches 9 with the wedges 2 connected, with the ropes over pulleys 13 be guided. The individual pulleys 13 are above the shaft 3 at the loading shaft 28 arranged. Because the shaft 3 runs obliquely to the longitudinal axis of the submarine, the individual pulleys 13 arranged at different distances, in particular heights, the shaft opening.

In 6 an open hatch of a submarine is shown in a side view, wherein the hatch is provided for a method for opening and closing the hatch. In particular, it is at the hatch to those from the 5 when the insert 1 with the help of the swivel arm 26 from the shaft 3 was pulled out. Below the hatch is a storage room, preferably a weapons store, arranged by, for example, torpedoes 14 be stored. It is conceivable that the torpedoes 14 via a swiveling loading system 36 can be transported within the storage room. It is provided in particular that the swivel arm 26 designed such that the swivel arm 26 fixed insertion beams 1 Do not block possible transport routes for the cargo within the storage room. For this purpose, the swivel arm 26 preferably pivoted by more than 90 °. It is conceivable that pulling out the wedges 2 and the pivoting of the sleepers 1 is automated to simplify the handling of the charge and to protect the crew from injury. Furthermore, a security bolt 37 for securing the position of the swing arm 26 intended.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

 Einlegespant

2

 wedge

3

 shaft

4

 connecting screw

5

 connecting means

6

 shock bracket

8th

 cable drum

9

 winch

11

 bearing block

12

 transmission shaft

13

 idler pulley

14

 torpedo

16

 Scaffolding made of frames and stringers

18

 contact surface

19

 hatch cover

20

 Submarine Affairs

22

 lifting device

23

 Winch body

24

 hand pump

25

 worm gear

26

 swivel arm

27

 lock cylinders

28

 loading bay

29

 securing clips

30

 fixing screw

31

 coupling elements

32

 hydraulic cylinders

33

 gap

34

 swivel axis

35

 Ansteckpunkt

36

 swiveling loading system

37

 safety bolt

38

 guide means

39

 cable holder

Claims (15)

Submarine with one of a shaft ( 3 hatch, with the hatch in a closed state with one in the shaft ( 3 ) arranged lean load ( 1 ) and a wedge ( 2 ) is closed, whereby for opening the hatch of the recumbent ( 1 ) and the wedge ( 2 ) separately from the shaft ( 3 ) are removable. A submarine according to claim 1, wherein the recumbent ( 1 ) and the wedge ( 2 ) are at least temporarily movable in opposite directions when closing and / or opening the hatch. Submarine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in a coupling state the wedge ( 2 ) and the laying load ( 1 ) via a connecting means ( 5 ) a composite of wedge ( 2 ) and laying load ( 1 ) form. Submarine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein, for the opening of the hatch, the composite of the laying spreader ( 1 ) and the wedge ( 2 ) by means of a lifting device ( 22 ) from the shaft ( 3 ) is herausdrückbar. Submarine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in the closed state the composite of inlay 1 ) and wedge ( 2 ) via a shock clip ( 6 ) is connected to a pressure hull of the submarine. A submarine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the recumbent ( 1 ) when opening the hatch via a lifting device ( 22 ) is coupled to a pivoting device, wherein the lifting device ( 22 ) and / or the pivoting device in the closed state of the insert spider ( 1 ) is decoupled. Submarine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein when opened - the wedge ( 2 ) with a winch ( 9 ) for pulling out the wedge ( 2 ) from the shaft ( 3 ) and / or - the laying load ( 1 ) with the pivoting device for pulling out the insert rims ( 1 ) from the shaft ( 3 ) connected is. Submarine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pivoting device in the closed state in a storage block ( 11 ) is stored locked. Submarine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in the closed state of the hatch, a plurality of insertion ribs ( 1 ) in the shaft ( 3 ) is arranged. Submarine according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in each case a wedge ( 2 ) with a winch ( 9 ) and / or a plurality of winches ( 9 ) via a common transmission wave ( 12 ) is drivable. Method of opening one of a shaft ( 3 ) hatch of a submarine, wherein in a first process step for opening the hatch an insert ( 1 ) and a wedge ( 2 ) separately from the shaft ( 3 ) are pulled out. Method according to claim 11, wherein in a zeroth process step for closing the hatch the wedge ( 2 ) between the insert ( 1 ) and the shaft ( 3 ) is arranged. Method according to claim 12, wherein - in a second method step taking place before the zeroth step of the method to form a coupling state, the insert flange ( 1 ) and the wedge ( 2 ) via a connecting means ( 5 ) to a composite of Einlegespant ( 1 ) and wedge ( 2 ), and / or - in a third step of the process after the zeroth step, the composite of wedge ( 2 ) and laying load ( 1 ) via a shock clip ( 6 ) is connected to a pressure hull of the submarine. Method according to one of claims 11 to 13, wherein - in a fourth process step which occurs temporally before the first method step, the composite consisting of insert flange ( 1 ) and wedge ( 2 ) from the shaft ( 3 ) is pushed out, - in the fourth process step, the insertion arm via a lifting device ( 22 ) is coupled to a pivoting device for opening and / or closing, wherein the lifting device and / or the pivoting device is decoupled from the insertion link in a fifth method step and / or - in a sixth method step, the wedge via a winch ( 9 ) is pulled out of the shaft and / or - in the sixth process step of the laying load ( 1 ) via the pivoting device out of the shaft ( 3 ) is pulled out. Method according to one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the zeroth process step, the first process step, the second process step, the third process step, the fourth process step, the fifth process step and / or the sixth process step are carried out automatically.

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