DE102014019869B3 - filter - Google Patents

Abstract

Filter (10), in particular for internal combustion engines, for filtering a fluid, in particular air, with a filter housing (11) which has an area (12) on the raw side and an area (13) on the clean side, a main filter element (11) which can be inserted into the filter housing (11) 20) with a main filter element inflow surface (21), a main filter element flow direction (X1), a main filter element outflow surface (22) and a seal (24) arranged on a sealing surface (26) for the fluid-tight separation of the raw-side area (12) and the clean-side area (13) of the filter housing (11), as well as a secondary filter element (30) arranged downstream of the main filter element (20) with a secondary element inflow surface (31), a secondary filter element flow direction (Y1) and a secondary filter element outflow surface (32), wherein the Sealing surface (26) is arranged obliquely to the main flow direction (X1) of the main filter element (20), characterized in that the main filter element can be inserted and removed along an insertion axis in the filter housing (11) which, with the main flow direction (X1), forms an angle between 90 ° and the angle enclosed by the sealing surface (26) and the main flow direction (X1), the filter housing has a cover which is designed such that it exerts a force in the direction of the sealing surface (26) on the main filter element when the filter housing is closed.

Description

Technical area

The present invention relates to a filter, in particular for internal combustion engines, for filtering a fluid, in particular air.

State of the art

Engine air filtration is becoming increasingly important, especially in construction and agricultural machinery. On the one hand, more and more powerful air filters are used, since higher engine performance and stricter emission guidelines require an increased air flow through the engine. On the other hand, the number of assemblies that are installed as standard, such as air conditioning systems, increases. This reduces the space available in the vehicle. Finally, there is an effort to make vehicles smaller and lighter, which is also at the expense of the available installation space.

For use in vehicles that offer little installation space for filtration purposes, so-called compact air filters are generally used with alternately closed channels through which a straight line can flow, such as in the US 2004/0221555 A1 shown. This means that the direction of flow and the direction of flow run parallel and are essentially aligned with one another. This is usually achieved in that alternately corrugated and smooth layers of filter medium lie on top of one another and the flow channels formed thereby are alternately closed at one and the other end, so that the medium to be cleaned inside the filter body is transferred from one channel to one through a layer of filter medium adjacent channel must flow. Often the air flowing out of the air filter has to be deflected after flowing through the filter, depending on the application. For this purpose, for example, a pipe bend can be connected downstream of the filter housing. However, such downstream components in turn increase the space requirement of the entire arrangement.

From the pamphlet DE 11 2009 000 907 T5 an alternative design is also known with a filter medium folded in a zigzag shape to form a filter bellows.

It is an object of the invention to specify a filter, in particular for internal combustion engines, for filtering a fluid, in particular air, which takes up less installation space with a comparable filter performance.

Disclosure of the invention

This object is achieved by a filter according to claim 1. Further refinements of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

The filter according to the invention, in particular for internal combustion engines, for filtering a fluid, in particular air, has a filter housing with a raw-side area and a clean-side area. A main filter element, which has a main filter element inflow surface, a main filter element flow direction, a main filter element outflow surface and a seal arranged on a sealing surface, can be inserted into the filter housing. For example, the main filter element can have a prismatic basic shape. In particular, a flow through the jacket surfaces can take place. The seal serves for the fluid-tight separation of the raw-side area of the filter housing from the clean-side area of the filter housing. Furthermore, the filter has a secondary filter element arranged downstream of the main filter element with a secondary filter element inflow surface, a secondary filter element flow direction and a secondary filter element outflow surface. The sealing surface is arranged at an angle to the main flow direction of the main filter element. The inclined sealing surface opens up a space within the filter housing downstream of the main filter element, in which, on the one hand, the secondary filter element can be arranged. At the same time, the main flow direction is deflected in the filter housing due to the sealing surface which is inclined to the main flow direction. With a suitable attachment of an outflow opening to the filter housing, the fluid flow can thus be deflected in the desired direction. There is no need for pipe bends or the like after the housing that would otherwise be required.

According to the invention it is provided that the main filter element can be inserted and removed along an insertion axis in the filter housing, the insertion axis including the main flow direction at an angle between 90 ° and the angle enclosed by the sealing surface and the main flow direction. The filter housing has a cover which is designed such that it exerts a force on the main filter element in the direction of the sealing surface when it is closed in the filter housing. As a result of the inclined position of the sealing surface, this force is at least partially converted into an axial force, that is to say into a force that acts in the direction of the main flow direction. This results in a force which presses the main filter element with its seal attached to the sealing surface against a main filter element seat on the filter housing.

The sealing surface and the main flow direction can in particular enclose an angle which is between 85 ° and 10 °. A noticeable deflection of the fluid flow occurs within this angular range.

One embodiment of the invention provides that the sealing surface is curved and in particular lies on a cylinder jacket surface. The installation space available for the main filter element can be optimized by a concave configuration of the sealing surface as seen from the main filter element and, with a suitable choice of the radius of curvature, offers sufficient space for a secondary element. At the same time, due to the curvature of the sealing surface, the outflow direction of the filter housing is particularly easy to determine depending on the position of the outflow opening. The axis of the cylinder of the cylinder jacket surface is preferably perpendicular to the main filter element flow direction and perpendicular to the secondary filter element flow direction.

Alternatively, the sealing surface can lie in one plane.

A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the sealing surface and the main filter element outflow surface run parallel. This results in a clearly defined dividing plane between the raw side and the clean side of the filter housing. At the same time, a curved design of the sealing surface results in a space-optimized design of the filter interior and thus of the entire filter.

It is preferably provided that the secondary element inflow surface runs parallel to and at a distance from the sealing surface. This ensures that the clean side of the filter housing is not contaminated when the secondary filter element is changed. With a curved design of the sealing surface, there is also a curved secondary element inflow surface.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the basic shape of the secondary filter element is a cuboid. This enables a simple construction of the secondary element, for example from a straight folded flat element.

Alternatively, the basic shape of the secondary element can be a prism with one or more curved lateral surfaces, such as a hollow cylinder lateral section, for example. This can be achieved, for example, by means of a curved flat bellows. This shape offers the possibility of adapting the secondary filter element to a curved main filter element discharge surface and thus further optimizing the installation space.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the basic shape of the main filter element is a prism. In particular, the base and the top surface of the prism can be a square or a pentagon. The square or the pentagon can have two or three right angles, one acute and one obtuse angle. A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that a jacket side of the prism is convexly curved when viewed from the outside, so that a main filter element outflow surface, for example designed as a cylinder jacket surface, results.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the main filter element is a bellows with at least two different fold depths. The main filter element outflow surface, which is inclined to the main flow direction of the main filter element, can be implemented on the pleat front sides by means of two different fold depths. Alternatively, the main filter element outflow surface, which is inclined to the outflow direction of the main filter element, can be implemented at the fold edges by a continuously increasing fold height.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the filter housing has an inflow direction, an outflow direction and an outflow area with an outflow opening. An outflow connector can be attached to the outflow area, the outflow area having a fastening surface for the outflow connector and the mounting surface enclosing an angle of 45 ° with the main filter element flow direction. The fastening surface inclined by 45 ° to the main flow direction is particularly preferably arranged on the filter housing in such a way that, viewed in the main filter element flow direction, it lies within the filter housing, that is, it does not protrude beyond it. At the same time, this fastening surface is located perpendicular to the main flow direction of the main filter element, that is to say for example below the main filter element as seen in an insertion direction of the main filter element. An outflow nozzle attached to this fastening surface can now distribute the outflowing filtered fluid comparatively easily in any direction.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the outflow connection is shaped in such a way that the flow direction is deflected by 45 °. In this way, only the orientation of the outflow connector on the outflow area, in particular on the fastening surface, is relevant with regard to the outflow direction that ultimately results. This enables the outflow direction of the filtered fluid to be determined in a particularly advantageous manner with a single component, namely the outflow connector. By appropriately orienting the outflow nozzle on the The final outflow direction of the filter housing results from the mounting surface.

A preferred further development of the invention provides that the outflow connection has a rotationally symmetrical fastening area for fastening to the fastening surface of the filter housing. Thus, the final definition of the outflow direction of the entire filter housing can be determined by rotating the outflow connection. This results in an angular range between 0 ° and 90 ° with one and the same components between the flow direction of the filter housing and the outflow direction of the filter housing.

In the same way it can be determined that the outflow direction and the fastening surface enclose an angle of 45 °.

An alternative further development of the inventive concept provides that the fastening surface lies on a cylinder jacket surface. The axis of the cylinder is preferably perpendicular to the main flow direction of the main filter element. A fastening surface that is curved in this way is preferably combined with a correspondingly curved fastening area of an outflow nozzle. The position of the outflow connector on the outflow area then defines the outflow direction of the filter housing.

The fastening surface and the secondary element discharge surface preferably run parallel. This enables an extremely high level of integration and thus space optimization.

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings.

Figure list

• 1 eine perspektivische Vorderansicht,
• 2 eine perspektivische Rückansicht,
• 3 eine Explosionsansicht und
• 4 eine Schnittansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Filters;
• 5 eine Vorderansicht und
• 6 eine Rückansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Hauptfilterelements;
• 7 eine erste Faltungsart als Skizze,
• 8 eine alternative Faltungsart als Skizze,
• 9 eine Vorderansicht und
• 10 eine Rückansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Sekundärfilterelements;
• 11 den erfindungsgemäßen Filter der 1 in einer zweiten Konfiguration; und
• 12 den erfindungsgemäßen Filter der 1 in einer dritten Konfiguration;
• 13 eine Vorderansicht einer alternativen Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Filters;
• 14 eine Rückansicht,
• 15 eine Explosionsansicht und
• 16 eine Schnittansicht des Filters der 13;
• 17 eine Schnittansicht eines alternativen Hauptfilterelement- und Sekundärfilterelementdesigns des Filters der 13;
• 18 eine Seitenansicht einer zweiten Konfiguration des erfindungsgemäßen Filters der 13;
• 19 eine Seitenansicht einer dritten Konfiguration des erfindungsgemäßen Filters der 13 und
• 20 eine Seitenansicht einer vierten Konfiguration des erfindungsgemäßen Filters der 13.

Show it:

• 1 a perspective front view,
• 2 a perspective rear view,
• 3 an exploded view and
• 4th a sectional view of a filter according to the invention;
• 5 a front view and
• 6th a rear view of a main filter element according to the invention;
• 7th a first type of folding as a sketch,
• 8th an alternative type of folding as a sketch,
• 9 a front view and
• 10 a rear view of a secondary filter element according to the invention;
• 11 the filter of the invention 1 in a second configuration; and
• 12 the filter of the invention 1 in a third configuration;
• 13th a front view of an alternative embodiment of a filter according to the invention;
• 14th a rear view,
• 15th an exploded view and
• 16 a sectional view of the filter of FIG 13th ;
• 17th FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative main filter element and secondary filter element design of the filter of FIG 13th ;
• 18th a side view of a second configuration of the filter according to the invention of FIG 13th ;
• 19th a side view of a third configuration of the inventive filter of FIG 13th and
• 20th a side view of a fourth configuration of the filter according to the invention of FIG 13th .

Embodiment (s) of the invention

It will now be made with reference to the 1 to 4th a first embodiment of a filter according to the invention 10 described. The filter can be used in particular in the air intake tract of construction or agricultural machinery, compressors or other devices with internal combustion engines for filtering a fluid, in particular air. The filter 10 has a filter housing 11 on, which is roughly in a raw-sided area 12 and a clean-sided area 13th can be broken down. In the clean-sided area 12 is a main filter element 20th into the filter housing 11 applicable. The main filter element 20th has a main filter element inflow surface 21st and a main filter element discharge surface 22nd and is along a main filter element flow direction X1 flows through. The main filter element flow direction X1 in the embodiment described here essentially coincides with the direction of flow X0 of the filter housing 11 together. However, other constellations are also conceivable in which the main filter element flow direction X1 and the direction of flow X0 of the filter housing 11 include an angle. The main filter element 20th Upstream is a coarse or pre-separator module, which is present as a cyclone block 40 is trained. In the cyclone block 40 is a multitude of individual pre-separator cells 41 connected in parallel in a so-called multi-cyclone block. In the cyclone block 40 pre-separated dust and / or water is through a dust discharge nozzle 42 removed from the housing.

Downstream of the main filter element 20th is a secondary filter element 30th arranged. The secondary element inflow surface 31 of the secondary filter element 30th is the main filter element discharge area 22nd facing, the outflow surface 32 of the secondary filter element 30th is in the direction of a discharge opening 17th of the filter housing 11 oriented. The secondary filter element 30th is in that of the main filter element 20th from the purely side area 13th of the filter housing 11 arranged and offers protection against the ingress of dirt into the suction system downstream of the filter, in particular when the main filter element is changed 20th .

The main filter element 20th , in 5 Shown as a separate component, has on its discharge surface 22nd a sealing surface 26th on to which a seal 24 for fluid-tight separation of the raw-side area 12 and the clean-sided area 13th of the filter housing 11 is provided. The sealing surface 26th is oblique to the main flow direction X1 of the main filter element 20th arranged. The angle α selected in this exemplary embodiment is 60 °. The angle value is only an exemplary embodiment. According to the invention, the angle α can be varied between 10 and 80 °. The angle range between 70 and 30 ° is particularly preferred.

The seal 24 the sealing surface 26th is due to a corresponding housing structure 28 on and is covered by a lid 14th of the housing 11 against the by the housing structure 28 formed sealing seat pressed. The lid 14th , which closes the housing, can be perpendicular to the main flow direction X1 of the main filter element 20th remove from the case and place a sword-shaped, paired, on the lid 14th arranged pressing structure 50 , 51 on. This is in its shape the slope of the sealing surface 26th adapted and exerts on the main filter element when closed 20th a force that is essentially perpendicular to the main flow direction X1 is aligned. Through the slope of the sealing surface 26th becomes the perpendicular to the main flow direction X1 running force in an at least partially in the main flow direction X1 running force is deflected and thus leads to a reliable compression of the main filter element 20th with the case 11 . In particular, it becomes an axial, that is, in the main flow direction X1 running contact pressure generated, which achieves a particularly high sealing effect. At the same time, the seal is particularly well positioned 26th achieved on the corresponding housing structure, because when pressed through the housing cover, the seal slides a little and so unevenness is well formed into the sealant.

The main filter element 20th can include a bellows as a basic structure. In order to achieve the desired sealing surface slope, the height or depth of the fold can be along a direction perpendicular to the main flow axis X1 be gradually decreased. With such a structure, the fold edges are flown against. With such a structure, the front sides of the folds must be at least partially glued, either over the entire surface or every other front side, so that the raw and clean sides remain separate. In the sectional view of the 4th In the embodiment described, the fold edges run perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, the face of the folds lies in the plane of the drawing. This means that the main flow direction X1 runs parallel to the plane formed by the end faces of the fold edges and perpendicular to each fold edge.

Alternatively, in a bellows according to the invention, the orientation of the individual folds can also be such that the end face of the folds is essentially perpendicular to the plane of the drawing 4th runs, that is, the lid 14th runs parallel to the face of the folds of the main filter element 20th . The main filter element inflow surface 21st is then through perpendicular to the main flow direction X1 running fold edges formed. The folding edges run in the 1 vertically from top to bottom. The main filter element discharge area 22nd is also formed by folding edges that run along the slope at the angle α. With such a fold, the fold height varies in the course of the fold edge.

The 5 and 6th represent the main filter element 20th as a removed item. The 7th and 8th illustrate the alternative types of folding just mentioned as a sketch. In the sketches, one face of each of the folds is given the reference number 23 and a folding edge with the reference number 25th designated.

The secondary element 30th that is in the 9 and 10 is shown as a removed element, can be designed in the present embodiment as a straight folded flat element.

It will now be made with reference to the 4th , 11 and 12 the filter 10 explained in more detail with regard to the outflow situation. The filter housing 11 points in the clean-sided area 13th an outflow area 15th on. The outflow area 15th is with a mounting surface 16 Mistake. The mounting surface 16 closes with the direction of flow X0 the filter housing as well as with the main flow direction X1 of the main filter element 20th an angle of 45 °. On the mounting surface 16 is a discharge nozzle 18th attachable. The geometry of the discharge nozzle 18th is chosen so that one for attachment to the mounting surface 16 intended fastening area 19th relative to that through the discharge nozzle 18th specified outflow direction is also inclined by 45 °. Also is the attachment area 19th of the discharge nozzle 18th rotationally symmetrical, that is, it forms a circular disk in which an opening for the discharge opening 17th of the housing 11 is provided. Due to the rotational symmetry, the discharge nozzle 18th before the final fastening of the fastening area 19th on the mounting surface 16 of the outflow area 15th rotated and so the outflow direction Y0 of the filter housing 11 be determined. Depending on the orientation of the discharge nozzle 18th can be the angle between the direction of flow X0 and the outflow direction Y0 can be varied between 0 ° (inline flow) and 90 ° (right-angled flow). In 1 and 4th is a deflection of the direction of flow X0 by 90 ° to the outflow direction Y0 shown. In 11 an inline flow is shown, i.e. the direction of flow X0 and outflow direction Y0 are parallel to each other. 12 shows an intermediate angle of about 45 ° between the direction of flow X0 and outflow direction Y0 .

In the 13th - 20th becomes an alternative embodiment of the filter 10 regarding the mounting surface 16 of the outflow area 15th shown. In 17th In this alternative embodiment, the geometry of the main filter element and secondary filter element is also modified.

In the 13th - 16 is the filter element 10 modified to the effect that a mounting surface 116 is provided, which lies on a cylindrical surface. The axis of such a cylinder jacket is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, that is also perpendicular to the main flow direction X1 of the main filter element 20th . Corresponding to the fastening surface, which is convex when viewed from the outside 116 is a discharge nozzle 118 provided which has a correspondingly concave-shaped fastening area 119 having. Depending on where the discharge nozzle is attached 118 on the convex mounting surface 116 can determine the outflow direction Y0 of the filter housing 11 can be varied. While in the 13th - 17th one essentially parallel to the direction of flow X0 running outflow direction Y0 is shown in 18th the outflow direction Y0 towards the lid 14th directed. In 19th is the discharge nozzle 118 downwards so that the angle between the flow direction X0 and the outflow direction Y0 <90 °. In 20th the fluid flow is deflected at a 90 ° angle between the direction of flow and the direction of flow.

17th shows an embodiment in which the filter housing 11 essentially comparable to the embodiment of FIG 13th - 16 and 18th - 20th is executed, but the filter element geometry is changed. To avoid repetition, the description of features that are provided with the same reference symbols in the figures is dispensed with.

The filter 110 the 17th has a main filter element 120 on, which is a substantially planar inflow surface 121 and a convex discharge surface as seen from outside the filter element 122 having. The discharge area 122 In the present embodiment, it is essentially a cylinder jacket surface, but depending on the application it can also be provided with other, in particular non-uniform, curvatures. According to the curvature of the discharge surface 122 is a secondary element 130 provided that a likewise curved inflow surface 131 and a curved discharge surface 132 having. The secondary filter element 130 can have two differently curved inflow and outflow surfaces. In the present embodiment, the discharge area is 132 to the curvature of the fastening area 116 customized. This embodiment is a particularly space-optimized embodiment.

The attachment of the discharge nozzle 18th , 118 can be done for example by welding. The discharge opening 17th in the outflow area 15th can, depending on the application, before attaching the discharge nozzle 16 , 116 be introduced flexibly, for example by punching.

The secondary filter element 130 can be implemented as a curved flat bellows, for example. A conventional flat element could be used in the production, which is introduced and shaped into a correspondingly curved plastic frame during assembly.

In each of the variants shown, the secondary filter element can have an integrated handle for dismantling the secondary filter element.

Claims (14)

Filter (10), in particular for internal combustion engines, for filtering a fluid, in particular air, with a filter housing (11) which has a raw-side area (12) and a clean-side area (13), a main filter element that can be inserted into the filter housing (11) (20) with a main filter element inflow surface (21), a main filter element flow direction (X1), a main filter element outflow surface (22) and a seal (24) arranged on a sealing surface (26) for the fluid-tight separation of the raw-side area (12) and the clean-side area (13) of the filter housing (11), and a secondary filter element (30) arranged downstream of the main filter element (20) with a secondary element inflow surface (31), a secondary filter element flow direction (Y1) and a secondary filter element outflow surface (32), the sealing surface (26) being inclined to the main flow direction (X1) of the Main filter element (20) is arranged, characterized in that the main filter element can be inserted and removed from the filter housing (11) along an insertion axis which, with the main flow direction (X1), forms an angle between 90 ° and the angle which the sealing surface (26) forms. and include the main flow direction (X1), the filter housing has a cover which is designed such that, when the filter housing is closed, it exerts a force on the main filter element in the direction of the sealing surface (26). Filter by Claim 1 , wherein the sealing surface (26) and the main flow direction (X1) enclose an angle which is between 80 ° and 10 °. Filter by Claim 1 , wherein the sealing surface is curved and in particular lies on a cylinder jacket surface whose axis is perpendicular to the main filter element flow direction (X1) and the secondary filter element flow direction (Y1). Filter according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sealing surface (26) and the main filter element outflow surface (22) run parallel or lie in one plane. Filter according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the secondary element inflow surface (31) runs parallel to and at a distance from the sealing surface (26). Filter according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the basic shape of the secondary filter element (30) is a cuboid or a hollow cylindrical jacket section. Filter according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the basic shape of the main filter element (20) is a prism with a square as the base and as the top surface, in particular one side of the square is curved. Filter according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the main filter element (20) is a bellows with at least two different pleat depths. Filter according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the filter housing (11) has an inflow direction (X0), an outflow direction (Y0) and an outflow area (15) with an outflow opening (17) and an outflow nozzle (18) can be attached to the outflow area (15) The outflow area (15) has a fastening surface (16) for the outflow nozzle (18) and the fastening surface (16) encloses an angle (α) of 45 ° with the main filter element flow direction (X1). Filter by Claim 9 , the outflow nozzle (18) being shaped in such a way that the flow direction is deflected by 45 °. Filter for one of the Claims 9 or 10 , wherein the outflow connection (18) has a rotationally symmetrical fastening area (19) for fastening to the filter housing (11). Filter for one of the Claims 9 - 11 , the outflow direction (Y0) and the mounting surface (16) enclosing an angle (β) of 45 °. Filter for one of the Claims 1 - 8th The filter housing (11) has an inflow direction (X0), an outflow direction (Y0) and an outflow area (15) with an outflow opening (17) and an outflow nozzle (18) can be attached to the outflow area (15), the outflow area ( 15) has a fastening surface (16) for the outflow nozzle (18) and the fastening surface lies on a cylinder jacket surface. Filter by Claim 13 , wherein the attachment surface and the secondary element discharge surface run parallel.

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