DE102014015815A1 - Device with a retort for charcoal production with combustion of the carbonization gases - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention retort for charcoal production with burnup of carbonization relates to a device which causes by the arrangement of containers 1, 2, the so-called retorts, a time-delayed, cascading release of the smoke and the wood gases (carbonization). By arranging a hearth 6 and a channel 9 for secondary air below the containers 1, 2, the combustion of the smoke and the wood gases in the smoke burning zone is effected by secondary air 17 and so avoided that excessively unburned smoke enters the atmosphere. There is thus a reduction of emissions. By arranging an upper box 11 with chimney pipe 10 above the containers 1, 2, and above the base plate 3, a draft direction below the containers is effected, characterized in that through the passage opening 7, the air movement has a passage point up into the upper box 11. In addition, the upper box 11 allows the attachment of a thermal insulation that causes an increased efficiency of charcoal production. In addition, the upper box 11 allows the heat energy of the hot flue gases to be transferred to the wood and biomass contained in the containers 1, 2 and also to achieve increased charcoal production efficiency (pyrolysis of the wood or biomass).

Description

The invention relates to a device with a retort for charcoal production with combustion of the carbonization gases.

Description of the problem:

• A) The traditional production of charcoal in kilns produces smoke and these air emissions (smoldering gases) affect the environment. Even with the so-called improved technologies, the masonry kilns and the steel kilns, smoke and emissions are produced. A high smoke development is therefore disadvantageous.
• B) In one method of producing charcoal in containers, containers of metal, usually barrels, are used for charcoal production. The smoke escapes from the top of the tank via a chimney pipe and affects the environment. There is the possibility with an afterburner to burn off the flue gases on the chimney pipe, this creates additional heat energy by the combustion of the smoke. However, this extra heat is not used for the charring process and escapes unused by a chimney pipe.
• C) There are devices in which one person alone is able to operate the charcoal production device, where the loading weight is on the order of about 100 kg. The operation of such a method in the production of charcoal in containers, ie a retort, in the simple case a barrel made of metal, requires the work and presence of one person for about a day. The use of time and labor to obtain charcoal from a single barrel (usually 215 liters) is uneconomical. A retort is a container which can be heated and which has at a defined location an opening for the escape of the expanding gases.
• D) The charring of wood or biomass often requires mobility of the charcoal production device. The reason is that the wood or the biomass is heavier in weight than the final product the charcoal. It is therefore sometimes required that the charcoal production device be transported from a wood or biomass deposit to another wood or biomass deposit. A masonry kiln does not fulfill this condition.

The object of the invention is to propose a device with a retort for charcoal production with combustion of the carbonization gases, which achieve a reduction of smoke development in charcoal production with a simple structure and thereby related to a reduction of emissions on the amount of charcoal produced to lead. In particular, a simple operation is to be made possible by a person at the same time high yield.

The solution of the problem:

This object is achieved by a device with a retort for charcoal production with the features according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of dependent claims.

Accordingly, in particular a device with a retort for charcoal production with combustion of the carbonization gases with at least one base plate, with at least two containers, with at least one hearth, wherein the containers each have an opening under the containers are mounted on at least one such base plate and with Wood or other biomass can be filled, the hearth is arranged below the at least one base plate in the area at least below a first of the container and a second of the container is at least partially spatially offset above the fireplace or spatially offset laterally above the fireplace.

It is made possible by such an arrangement that on a base plate with openings under the containers, preferably two containers are mounted and one of these containers, which is filled with wood or other biomass, ie the first container, are heated from the lower side by means of a fireplace and the second or further container is so on the base plate, that this second container is also heated by the heat of the hearth and the spent smoke of the first container and that of the first container exiting from the heated first container smoke in the hot hearth a so-called cascade effect arises in that now the second or further container, which is filled with wood or other biomass, also develops time-shifted smoke, which also burns at the lower opening of this second container and generates additional heat.

The base plate has corresponding openings or passages through which gases from the containers and through the openings of the containers can enter the space below the base plate.

Advantageously, achieved by such an arrangement, a reduction of smoke in the production of charcoal and thereby achieved a reduction in emissions based on the amount of charcoal produced.

The invention also relates to an increased efficiency in the production of charcoal. The retort improves the efficiency as the extra heat is fed to the second or next container, thus making the charring more efficient. The additional heat generated by the combustion of the flue gases thus contributes to the improvement of the efficiency.

What is also possible is a structurally simple construction. The device can be designed to be transportable, so that the device for producing charcoal can be transported from a deposit for wood or biomass to another deposit of wood or biomass.

The device uses two containers and thereby at least doubles the yield per time.

One embodiment is that a space under the base plate is closed on all lateral sides, in particular closed by a sheet metal or other refractory material, and has an opening for air supply to or to the hearth and a passage opening facing away from the hearth at or behind the at least one base plate for discharging exhaust gases.

The space is formed in particular by a box frame. Made possible by such an arrangement that the space or a limited volume thereof is closed under the base plate on all lateral sides, z. B. by a sheet or other refractory material, except for a single side of the hearth is located and also on this base plate, preferably at the rear end of the base plate, that is mounted on the opposite side of the hearth, a passage opening upwards through which the fumes of the hearth and the burned smoke of the wood or biomass can be pulled up through this passage opening. As a result, hot gases are guided along underneath the second and optionally further container and heat its contents.

An embodiment is characterized by a space through which the exhaust gas can flow and by a chimney pipe, wherein the flow-through space is formed above the base plate and at least partially receives at least one of the container and wherein the chimney pipe facing away from the space through which can flow, in particular opposite to the passage opening is arranged.

The passage opening is in particular directed upward and serves that the exhaust gases of the hearth and the burned smoke of the wood or biomass can be pulled upwards, by the effect of a chimney pipe or more chimney pipes, which on the upper side of the device for Suction action are appropriate, preferably on the opposite side of the device to which the through hole is located.

One embodiment is that over the base plate, an upper box is arranged, which airtightly closes the space above the base plate and the container encloses at least partially airtight, wherein the box has at least one opening to the / a chimney pipe and the passage opening to the box leads.

This is made possible by the fact that above the base plate and the containers, an upper box is attached, which hermetically seals the volume above the base plate, except that there is no airtight seal, because of the opening for attaching chimney pipes to the upper side of the box and because of the passage opening on the base plate. Airtight is to be understood in the sense of an air or exhaust system, which causes a guide of the exhaust gas through the box through the fireplace without escaping in any significant extent elsewhere.

One embodiment is that under each of the containers, a closure is mounted, wherein the closure is designed in particular as a flap, slide, door, wherein the closure is not sealed against gases, so that smoke can escape in the direction below the base plate and the closure of this Closure is designed to prevent falling out of charred material from the at least one container arranged above it.

In other words, under each of the containers, a closure is attached, which is designed for example as a flap, slide, door, which closure is not sealed against gases, so that smoke can escape in the direction below the base plate and this closure also serves as Means to prevent the wood or biomass from falling out of the container or other containers.

One embodiment is that a channel for supply of secondary air leads into a space behind the hearth, the channel leading in particular through the space below the base plate to a rear area as a smoke burning zone.

It is preferred that in the lower room, especially in the box frame in which the fireplace is located, a channel or pipe as a Such channel is placed so that a channel for the secondary air is formed in such a way that warmed air, the so-called secondary air, allows complete combustion of the flue gases in the rear, the smoke-burning zone, the under box cream. The channel is preferably more or less over the entire length of the device or over the entire length of the lower box frame.

One embodiment is that at least one Abrollrahmen, in particular two Abrollrahmen with a particular quarter-circular rounded to the longitudinal side of the device is / are fixed, so that the whole device is rotatable about a pivot point on the side for loading and / or unloading the container.

Thus, preferably two Abrollrahmen with a preferably quarter-circular rounded to the longitudinal side of the device, ie in particular attached to the upper box and the lower box frame, in a preferred vertical direction, so that thus the whole device so to speak on the spot on the pivot point on the page can be rolled, for loading the container with wood or biomass or for unloading to remove the charcoal.

One embodiment is that the containers are arranged removable in the device, in particular removable mounted on the base plate.

In particular, the upper box is constructed so that preferably a part of the upper box is removable, z. B. a side wall of the upper box to exchange the container or the can. This is advantageous because the containers are wearing parts, since these containers are exposed to corrosion by heat and condensation.

One embodiment is that the device is modularly constructed with at least two modules each consisting of a base plate, in each case at least one container on each of the base plates and in each case a space surrounding the containers, and a space below the base plates, wherein the respective spaces at least two such modules are interconnected by channels.

The device can be divided into modules in that compared to a non-modular device, the base plate and thus as the lower space, in particular the lower box frame and the upper space, in particular the upper box is divided vertically, so that two or more modules arise, which can stand one behind the other, side by side or one above the other. The modules are interconnected by preferably three channels, these are as follows: A channel connects the modules to connect the flue gases to the one lower box frame to the other lower box frame to transfer the flue gases from the hearth from one module to the next Module and a particular optional further, third channel is used to connect the secondary air in modules and connects the one lower box frame with the other lower box frame for the transfer of secondary air. A second channel for connecting the exhaust gases or Kamingase in the upper box in modules connects in the upper box, the individual modules for discharging the Kamingase through the chimney pipe.

One embodiment is that a through opening is located in the base plate of the last module.

The passage opening from the area below the base plate in the region above the base plate is now preferred as a through hole in modular design only in the base plate of the last module.

One embodiment is that the hearth is formed only in the first module and the following of the modules are closed on all four sides.

In particular, therefore, only from the first module of the lower box frame has a fireplace, the lower box frame is closed on three sides and has a side with the opening for air supply. The following lower box frames of the other modules are closed on all four sides apart from the connecting channels or tubes.

An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawing and will be described in more detail below. Show it:

1 a perspective of the device,

2 a side view,

3 a front view,

4 a top view,

5 a modular design.

In order to reduce the smoke, ie the emissions in the production of charcoal, two containers, which are filled with wood or other biomass, are used so that the container work as a retort and stand side by side or behind each other. Under the first container a fireplace is mounted and thus there is a burning of the smoke and the wood gases, in particular carbonization, which through the loose flap 4 or between loose flap and container 1 . 2 can escape, as this smoke and wood gases through the drafts, brought about by the chimney pipe 10 , through the hearth 6 to be pulled. The second container 2 is behind the first container 1 arranged and is now also by the nearby hearth 6 but also by the extra heat of the burned smoke and wood gases from the first tank 1 come, heated. The now delayed on the second container 2 smoke and wood gases are now also below and after the container 2 burned down. There is a cascade effect of the amount of produced smoke and wood gases which is desired in order to extend the heat development of the combustion time and to minimize a high temperature peak to increase the life of the device. Subsequent complete combustion occurs by the addition of additional secondary air from the duct 9 and the subsequent second smoke burning zone by secondary air 17 ,

The amount or a volume of in the containers 1 . 2 , produced smoke and wood gas or carbonization must according to an optional embodiment preferably subject to a certain control and the amount must then preferably be limited upwards in volume. By arranging a chimney pipe with Bye-Pass function and closure 22 in the back of the upper box 11 and, by allowing this bye-pass flue pipe to be opened with closure as needed, the heat passing through the through-hole can be relieved 7 comes up and usually to the chimney pipe 10 is pulled from the containers 1 . 2 keep away and this leads to a reduction in the amount of smoke and wood gases. The chimney pipe with Bye-pass and completion 22 is preferably at a distance above the passage opening 7 to install. If it is preferred no additional chimney pipe with bye-pass function and closure 22 in the back of the upper box 11 Alternatively and also optionally, a Bye-Pass through-hole with closure may be provided 23 in the front part of the base plate 3 be attached. When this passage opening is opened, the heat transfer to the containers is reduced 1 . 2 and there is less smoke and wood gases per unit time.

To achieve the desired increased efficiency, the hot gases become the hearth 6 and burning off smoke and wood gas from the first tank 1 , on the second container 2 past. In addition, heat is transferred to the containers 1 . 2 , which are filled with wood or biomass, characterized in that the hot flue gases through the passage opening 7 in the upper box 11 be pulled by the train through the chimney pipe 10 caused. In the upper box 11 The hot flue gases heat the wood and biomass in the tanks 1 . 2 which leads to an increase in the efficiency of charcoal production.

In addition, there is an increased efficiency because of the lower box frame 5 and the top box 11 suitable for thermal insulation. This z. B. by an embodiment of a double wall of the sheet, or by attaching z. B. of mineral wool on the upper box 11 as well as the lower box frame 5 ,

To achieve operability by one person, the device is provided with a side roll-off frame 12 with quarter circle rounding 13 Mistake. As a result, the entire device can be rotated by about 90 °, tilted on the ground, about the fulcrum 14 and the containers 1 . 2 can simply be loaded with wood or other biomass or the charcoal discharged through the opening Bottom Tank 16 behind the flap 4 leading to the containers 1 . 2 leads. Also the option of a module variant ( 5 ) and the possible loading or unloading per module, facilitates operation by only one person.

The desired mobility is achieved in that the wear parts by corrosion, so mainly the two containers 1 . 2 interchangeable with the base plate 3 are connected and thus can be dispensed with a heavy version of the container. It can thereby z. B. be accessed on the use of light oil drums, which are available in the junkyard.

A further description of the is shown in the drawing and is described in more detail below:
A device with a retort or with at least two in particular cylindrically shaped retorts for charcoal production with combustion of the carbonization gases can be carried out as follows.

Two non-flammable containers 1 . 2 be on a base plate 3 , in particular metal base plate 3 arranged so that the container 1 . 2 preferably in succession or optionally next to each other. The containers 1 . 2 in particular, the size z. As an oil barrel, because it is the mobility of the device to be ensured by a single person and therefore the size of the container is preferably limited. The containers 1 . 2 are closed with the exception of one opening each 16 on the bottom. At this opening 16 The underside is in particular each a loose flap 4 attached and the containers 1 . 2 can through the open bottom, so through the opening 16 , with the door open 4 be filled with wood or biomass. In the case of z. B. an oil barrel can be open top Oil barrels turned over directly as a container 1 . 2 use and are thus inexpensive wear parts.

The metal base plate 3 has an opening of its own 16 in the area where the container 1 . 2 sitting on it, because through this opening 16 The tilted device is loaded or unloaded. The metal base plate 3 with the two containers 1 . 2 or even more containers sits on a box frame 5 in particular metal, which is closed on three sides and on the front fourth side is a hearth 6 under the base plate 3 attached the wood or biomass in the first container 1 and later, offset in time in the second container 2 charred, also a third and further container may optionally be present. It is preferred that this lower box frame 5 has no soil. The device thus sits directly on the base, the earth, without covering the earth, where the device is placed.

This fourth front vertical side with the attached hearth 6 is open, without continuous side cover, there is also the opening for a channel 9 for secondary air. The smoke and the wood gas (also called syn gas) of the wood to be charred or the biomass in the first tank 1 Escapes through the loose door, flap, or slider 4 down, because this is the only way for the smoke to escape, and ignite in the hot fireplace 6 , Now, the following occurs, through a passage opening 7 in the back of the metal base plate 3 This hot burned smoke and wood gases is in the lower box frame 5 back to the through hole 7 pulled, because there is a chimney pipe 10 on the upper side of the device. The chimney pipe 10 ensures draft and suction. The chimney pipe 10 is mounted in the particular upper-front region of the device, ie on the opposite side of the passage opening 7 , on the distance over the base plate 3 based. There now occurs the effect that the hot gases of the fireplace 6 and the spent smoke of the first container 1 to the bottom of the second container 2 or more containers are pulled and thus the wood or biomass in the second container 2 or other containers is heated. The case by the second loose flap 4 exiting smoke from the second container 2 also ignited by the hot flue gases of the fireplace 6 also by the admission and admixture of secondary air through a channel for secondary air 9 in a smoke burning zone 17 for secondary air.

The apparatus of the above description preferably consists of two containers 1 . 2 but can also have three or more containers on the metal base plate 3 have arranged. Or even arranged only one container, and this container is divided by a vertical partition in two volumes and thus become two containers 1 . 2 presents.

The device also has a possibility of secondary air supply for improved burning of the smoke. On one side of the lower box frame 5 in which is the hearth 6 is through a metal strip 8th a compartment is separated, leaving a channel 9 arises for the secondary air. An embodiment by a pipe, instead of the sheet is conceivable. The air, the so-called secondary air is through the channel 9 in the back of the lower box frame 5 transported in order to allow complete combustion of the flue gases in the rear of the box frame, ie in the smoke burning zone 17 by secondary air.

The channel 9 Thus, it is preferred that more or less travel over the preferably entire length of the device, or over the entire length of the lower box frame 5 and the channel 9 thus has the property that the channel 9 through the hearth 6 is heated and the here carried out secondary air is heated and preheated, which is advantageous for a complete combustion of the smoke.

The rear passage opening 7 in the metal base plate 3 which connects the lower part of the device to the upper part of the device and the chimney pipe 10 Installed for smoke removal above the device also draws air through this channel 9 for secondary air.

The channel 9 has the preferred peculiarity in cross section to be smaller than the cross section of the opening of the fireplace 6 , the suction from the fireplace 10 so mainly draws combustion air through the fireplace 6 and second priority from the second air channel 9 , This secondary air allows the emission-free combustion of smoke and wood gases.

The entrance to the canal 9 , So the cross section of the inlet opening at the front, where the cold outside air enters, can be reduced, for. B. by laying a brick to the entrance of the channel 9 , As a result, the second air quantity can be regulated and an optimization of the combustion of the smoke in the smoke burning zone 17 be achieved by secondary air.

The smoke burning zone 17 is located near the point where the gases pass through the port 7 the metal base plate 3 in the area of the upper box 11 be pulled the device. It is therefore preferred still a combustion in the lower box 5 below the metal base plate 3 ,

Similarly, the size of the opening of the fireplace 6 by z. B. the placement of a Brick or a diaphragm can be reduced and thus a shift in the ratio of the main air of the fireplace and secondary air through the secondary air duct 9 be achieved. This is an optimization of the smoke in the smoke burning zone 17 possible with secondary air.

The device has the property that by distributing the wood or other biomass to preferably two containers 1 . 2 or even more containers, a cascade effect arises based on the amount of smoke and wood gas evolution per time. This means the smoke and wood gas caused by the heat of the fireplace 6 arises, does not accumulate abruptly in large quantities from the charged total amount of wood or biomass amount, but the volume amount of smoke and wood gas production is extended in time, in that first the first container 1 gast and then the second or more containers, so a so-called cascade effect occurs.

The device is designed to be over the metal base plate 3 and the preferred two containers 1 . 2 or more containers, one upper box 11 is arranged, the two containers 1 . 2 , or several containers airtight protective covering. The upper box 11 has the task to protect the two or more containers from heat loss or the hot gases of the fireplace to the containers for heating the container 1 . 2 For the pyrolysis of wood or other biomass in the containers, a temperature of about 350 ° C inside the container is desired.

The upper box 11 is preferred with a chimney pipe 10 , or even several chimney pipes at the upper front of the upper box 11 provided that the flue gases of the fireplace 6 and the container 1 . 2 filled with wood or other biomass, from the lower box frame 5 sucks through the rear opening 7 in the metal base plate 3 ,

With front side is that side of the box frame 5 referred to, in which the hearth 6 located. By the arrangement of the upper box 11 with chimney pipe 10 over the two containers 1 . 2 or more containers and through the passage opening 7 in the back of the metal base plate 3 is achieved that the hot flue gases of the fireplace 6 and the hot flue gases by burning off the smoke which passes through the flaps 4 exit and burn in the lower box frame by the secondary air, now the two containers 1 . 2 or additionally heat several containers from the outside in the upper box and effect a more efficient and efficient charring of the wood or biomass in the containers. The additional heating takes place because of the spatial arrangement of the chimney pipe 10 the hot flue gases on the containers 1 . 2 be passed. The upper box 11 is probably practical as made of sheet metal, can also be covered with a thermal insulation, for. As with fiberglass wool, to avoid heat loss.

The device preferably has the property that for loading the device, so also the upper box 11 which firmly on the lower box frame 5 is seated, tilted about 90 degrees along the preferred longer side to the ground and laid and here are the two containers 1 . 2 or more containers from the bottom through the flap 4 and opening Bottom Tank 16 are accessible. A fulcrum 14 exists on the ground, where the device also has its point of view. Every container 1 . 2 for receiving the wood or biomass preferably has its own flap 4 , To the tilt, apportionment in tilt direction 15 and then re-erection of the device via the fulcrum 14 To facilitate and allow one person to become two rolling frames 12 with a quarter-circle rounding 13 on the long side upper box 11 and lower box frame 5 fastened vertically, leaving the top box 11 and thus the whole device can be rolled, as it were, on its side for loading the containers 1 . 2 with wood or biomass or even the containers 1 . 2 thus can be unloaded to remove the charcoal. The particular two Abrollrahmen 12 can also be attached by a hinge or hinges on the device, so that folding the Abrollrahmens 12 is allowed, and thus the transport of the device is facilitated. The quarter-circle rounding off 13 the rolling frame 12 starts at the fulcrum 14 at the ground where the device stands on a floor surface.

In the case of a modular design, in particular based 5 outlined and described later, each module can have two custom rolling frames 12 with quarter-circle rounding 13 receive.

The device has the possibility that the flaps 4 for closing the two or more containers 1 . 2 that are filled with wood or biomass, the flaps 4 can be exchanged in different variations. If these flaps are designed with a latticed or perforated character, more heat is supplied to the wood or biomass or the material to be charred, and this is advantageous in moist material. With dry material becomes a largely dense execution of the flap 4 used and thus achieves the lowest possible combustion of wood or biomass to ashes, resulting in the two or more containers 1 . 2 is because the wood or biomass through the flap 4 protected from too much oxygen access without perforation.

The flap 4 is not limited to the shape of a flap, but may also be designed as a door or slider, so as a means to the wood or biomass from falling out of the container 1 . 2 prevents and as a means to protect the wood or biomass from burning by air with oxygen.

Further, the device is also constructed so that the two or more containers 1 . 2 so on the metal base plate 3 are attached to that or the container 1 . 2 from the base plate 3 can be dismantled. The upper box 11 is designed to be part of the upper box 11 is removable, z. B. a side wall of the upper box 11 this one or the container 1 . 2 to be able to exchange. This is because the containers 1 . 2 Wear parts are because these containers 1 . 2 are exposed to corrosion due to heat and condensation.

Further, the device as in 5 outlined so that the device can be divided into modules by the metal base plate 3 and thus also the lower box frame 5 and the top box 11 divided into two or more parts. It creates two or more modules that can be behind each other, next to each other or on top of each other. The individual modules are preferred by three channels z. B. connected three pipes.

A channel, z. B. a pipe for connecting the flue gases 18 connects the one lower box frame 5 with the other lower box frame 5 the other module for transferring the flue gases from the hearth from one module to the next module.

Another channel, z. B. pipe for connecting the secondary air 19 connects the one lower box frame 5 one module with the other lower box frame 5 the other module for transferring the secondary air.

A third channel, z. B. a tube for connecting the Kamingase 20 In the upper box of modules in the upper box of one module, the Kamingase connects to the other module.

In the first module, the Kamingase are then through a chimney pipe 10 pulled up to the outside. The passage opening now becomes a passage opening 21 in modular design and is now only in the metal base plate of the last module. The lower box frame in modules is preferably drawn by the fact that only the first lower box frame a fireplace 6 has and is closed on three sides. The following lower box frames of the modules are closed on all four sides. The first module also includes the chimney pipe 10 to deduct the flue gases of all modules.

The device as described so far, whether with or without modular construction, has the characteristic that in addition to the stationary installation and operability, the device can also be used as a mobile device for charcoal production.

The device preferably has the property that in the rear of the upper box 11 another chimney pipe 22 With bye-pass function and closure can be arranged. If this chimney pipe 22 heat is removed from the box and thus, by this Bye-pass as a derivative, provides a control to reduce heat in the upper box 11 and thus to a reduction of the smoke development per time. The hot flue gases experience a shortcut and can through this second chimney pipe 22 as a bay pass directly into the open air.

The operation of the device is so terminated after completion of the charring, so after reaching a sufficiently high temperature of more than 350 ° C for charring and a sufficient period of time by the device is completely hermetically sealed. There are three openings which are to be closed: The upper chimney pipe 10 can z. B. be closed with a cover. The opening for secondary air 9 can be practical next to the opening of the fireplace 6 can be placed and both openings can be closed with a metal sheet or a panel and it can be given earth or sand in front of the aperture to make the conclusion airtight. The device containing hot charcoal can cool after airtight sealing. If the device has been operated during the day, it can be cooled overnight. After cooling, the device can be tilted 90 ° to the ground and the cold charcoal by opening the flaps as previously described herein 4 described, be taken.

A preferred device with a retort for charcoal production with combustion of the carbonization gases has in particular the following properties:
Two containers 1 . 2 be on a base plate 3 arranged so that they stand behind each other. The containers are closed except for an opening bottom tank 16 on the bottom. On the bottom is a loose flap 4 attached and the containers can be filled through the open bottom with wood or biomass. The base plate 3 with the two containers sits on a lower box frame 5 which is closed on three sides and on the front 4th page is a Fireplace 6 under the base plate 3 attached the wood or biomass in the first container 1 charred. The smoke and wood gas of the wood or biomass to be charred escapes through the loose door, flap, or slider 4 down and ignites in the hot fireplace. Through the chimney pipe 10 and through the passage opening 7 in the rear area of the base plate 3 is the hot burned smoke and wood gases in the lower box frame 5 to the bottom of the second container 2 pulled and thus the wood or biomass in the second container 2 heated. The case by the loose flap 4 leaking smoke from the container 2 Also ignited by the hot flue gases of the fireplace and by access and admixture of secondary air through the channel 9 ,

Preferred is such a device, which is characterized in that instead of two containers 1 . 2 , also three or more containers on the base plate 3 can be arranged. Or just a container 1 is arranged, which is divided by a vertical partition in two volumes and thus two containers 1 . 2 presents.

Preferred is such a device, which is characterized in that one side of the lower box frame 5 in which is the hearth 6 located, through a metal strip 8th is disconnected, leaving a channel 9 arises. The air, the so-called secondary air is through the channel 9 in the back of the lower box frame 5 transported to allow complete combustion of the flue gases. The passage opening 7 in the base plate 3 and the chimney pipe 10 draws air through this channel 9 , This secondary air allows the emission-free combustion of smoke and wood gases. The entrance to the canal 9 , So the cross section of the entrance opening at the front can be reduced, z. B. by laying a brick to the entrance of the channel. In this way, the second air quantity can be regulated and an optimization of the combustion of the smoke in the smoke burning zone by secondary air 17 be achieved.

Similarly, the size of the opening of the fireplace 6 by z. As the placement of a brick or a diaphragm can be reduced and thus a shift in the ratio of the main air of the fireplace and secondary air through the channel 9 be achieved. This is an optimization of the smoke in the Rauchabbrandzone by secondary air 17 possible.

Preferred is such a device, which is characterized in that by the distribution of the wood or other biomass on two containers 1 . 2 a cascade effect arises, based on the amount of smoke and wood gas evolution per time. This means the smoke and the wood gas is not produced abruptly in large quantities, but the smoke and wood gas production is stretched in time, characterized in that first the first container gast and then the second or further container.

Preferred is such a device which is characterized in that above the base plate 3 and the two containers 1 . 2 is an upper box 11 arranged, the two containers 1 . 2 airtight covers. The box 11 is with a chimney pipe 10 provided on the upper front of the upper box, which houses the flue gases from the lower box frame 5 sucks, through the passage opening 7 , The front side is the side of the box, under which the hearth 6 located. By the arrangement of the upper box 11 with chimney pipe 10 over the containers 1 . 2 and through the passage opening 7 in the base plate 3 is achieved that the hot flue gases of the fireplace 6 and the hot flue gases by burning the smoke in the lower box frame 5 the two containers 1 . 2 additionally from the outside in the upper box 11 heat and effect more efficient and efficient charring of the wood or biomass in the containers.

Preferably, such a device, which is characterized in that for loading the device, the device, including the upper box, tilted by 90 ° degrees along the longer side, is tilted and laid on the ground and here are the two containers 1 . 2 from the bottom through the flap 4 , Opening Bottom Tank 16 accessible. To the tilting, assignment and subsequent re-erection of the plant on the fulcrum 14 To facilitate and allow one person to become two rolling frames 12 with a quarter-circle rounding 13 on the long side upper box 11 and lower box frame 5 fastened so that the upper box 11 and thus the whole device can be rolled on the side so to speak for loading the container 1 . 2 with wood or biomass, or can be unloaded to remove the charcoal. The two rolling frames 12 can also be fastened by a hinge, allowing folding of the rolling frame 12 is possible, and thus the transport of the plant is facilitated.

In the case of a modular design, each module can in particular two own Abrollrahmen 12 with quarter-circle rounding 13 receive.

Preferred is such a device, which is characterized in that the flap 4 can be exchanged in different variations. If this is done with a latticed or perforated character, more heat is supplied to the wood or biomass or material and this is beneficial for wet material. at Dry material becomes a largely dense version of the flap 4 used and thus the lowest possible combustion in the containers 1 . 2 of the wood or biomass to ashes, since the wood or biomass is protected by the flap without perforation from too much oxygen access.

The flap 4 is not limited to the shape of a flap, but may also be designed as a door or slider, so as a means to the wood or biomass from falling out of the container 1 . 2 prevented.

Preferred is such a device, which is characterized in that the container 1 . 2 so on the base plate 3 are fastened, that the containers are removable from the base plate. The upper box 11 is designed so that a part of the upper box is removable, z. B. a side wall of the upper box, this around the container 1 . 2 to be able to exchange. This is because the two containers 1 . 2 Wear parts are because these containers are subject to corrosion from heat and condensation.

Preferred is such a device, which is characterized in that the device can be divided into modules by the fact that the base plate 3 and thus the lower box frame 5 and the top box 11 is shared. Please refer 5 , It creates two or more modules that can be behind each other, next to each other or on top of each other. The modules are connected by three channels, these are the following: a channel for connecting the flue gases to modules 18 connects the one lower box frame 5 with the other lower box frame 5 for transferring the flue gases from the hearth from one module to the next module.

Another channel for connecting the secondary air in modules 19 connects the one lower box frame 5 with the other lower box frame 5 to transfer the secondary air.

A third channel for connecting the Kamingase in the upper box in modules 20 connects in the upper box 11 the modules for discharging the Kamingase through the chimney pipe 10 ,

The passage opening 7 will now be used as a through hole in modular design 21 referred to and is now only in the base plate of the last module.

The lower box frame 5 in modules is characterized by the fact that only the first lower box frame 5 has a fireplace and is closed on three sides. The following lower box frames of the modules are closed on all 4 sides.

Preferred is such a device, which is characterized in that, in addition to the stationary installation and operability, the device can also be used as a mobile device for charcoal production.

Preferred is such a device, which is characterized in that in the rear region of the upper box 11 a chimney pipe with Bye-Pass function and completion 22 is arranged.

Preferred is such a device, which is characterized in that in the front part of the base plate 3 a bye-pass through hole with lock 23 is attached. The closure is operable by a mechanism from outside the device.

According to variants, several components can also be used instead of individual components, unless this is expressly excluded above. For example, the containers 1 . 2 underside not only have a large opening but also have multiple openings or lattice-like closures that hold the fuel in the container, but let gases escape down. Such closures may also be formed by appropriately trained flaps or the like.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1, 2

Two or more containers

3

baseplate

4

flap

5

Lower box frame

6

Fireplace

7

Through opening

8th

metal strip

9

channel

10

chimney pipe

11

Upper box

12

Hook loading

13

quarter circle rounding

14

pivot point

15

tilt direction

16

Opening Bottom Tank

17

Smoke burning zone by secondary air

18

Channel for connecting the flue gases in modules

19

Channel for connecting the secondary air in modules

20

Channel for connecting the Kamingase in the upper box on modules

21

Passage opening in modular design

22

Chimney pipe with Bye-Pass function and closure

23

Bye-pass through hole with lock

Claims (11)

Device with a retort for charcoal production with combustion of the carbonization gases with at least one base plate ( 3 ), with at least two containers ( 1 . 2 ), with at least one hearth ( 6 ), the containers ( 1 . 2 ) one opening each ( 16 ) under the containers ( 1 . 2 ), on at least one such base plate ( 3 ) and are filled with wood or other biomass, the hearth ( 6 ) below the at least one base plate ( 3 ) in the region at least below a first of the containers ( 1 ) and a second of the containers ( 2 ) at least partially spatially offset above the hearth ( 6 ) or spatially offset laterally above the hearth ( 6 ) is arranged. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a space under the base plate ( 3 ) is closed on all lateral sides, in particular by a sheet metal or other refractory material is closed, and an opening for air supply to or to the hearth ( 6 ) and a passage opening ( 7 ) from the hearth ( 6 ) facing away from or behind the at least one base plate ( 3 ) for discharging exhaust gases. Device according to claim 2, characterized by a space through which the exhaust gas can flow and by a chimney pipe ( 10 ), wherein the flow-through space above the base plate ( 3 ) and at least one of the containers ( 1 . 2 ) wholly or at least partially and wherein the chimney pipe ( 10 ) facing away from the flow-through space, in particular opposite to the passage opening ( 7 ) is arranged. Apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that above the base plate ( 3 ) an upper box ( 11 ) is arranged, which a space above the base plate ( 3 ) airtight and the containers ( 1 . 2 ) encloses at least partially airtight, wherein the box ( 11 ) at least one opening to the / a chimney pipe ( 10 ) and the passage opening ( 7 ) to the box ( 11 ) leads. Device according to any preceding claim, characterized in that below each of the containers ( 1 . 2 ) a closure is attached, wherein the closure in particular as a flap ( 4 ), Slide, door is executed, wherein the closure is not sealed against gases, so that smoke can escape in the direction of below the base plate ( 3 ) and the closure of this closure is designed to prevent falling out of charring material from the at least one container ( 1 . 2 ) to prevent. Device according to any preceding claim, characterized in that a channel ( 9 ) for supplying secondary air into a room behind the hearth ( 6 ), whereby the channel ( 9 ) in particular through the space below the base plate ( 3 ) to a rear area as a smoke burning zone ( 17 ) leads. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one rolling frame, in particular two rolling frames ( 12 ) with a particular quarter-circle-shaped rounding ( 13 ) is attached to the longitudinal side of the device so that the entire device is pivotally connected ( 14 ) is rollable on the side for loading and / or unloading the containers ( 1 . 2 ). Device according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the containers ( 1 . 2 ) Disposed in the device, in particular disassembled on the base plate ( 3 ) are attached. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device is of modular design with at least two modules each consisting of a base plate ( 3 ), at least one container ( 1 ; 2 ) on each of the base plates ( 3 ) and a space which surrounds the containers, and a space below the base plates ( 3 ), wherein the respective spaces of at least two such modules are interconnected by channels. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that a / the passage opening ( 21 ) is located in the base plate of the last module. Apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the hearth ( 6 ) is formed only in the first module and the following of the modules are closed on all four sides.

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