DE102013224149A1 - Electric machine, in particular electric motor, and method for braking an electric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

Among other things, an electric machine (10, 100a, 400) is explained, in particular an electric motor (10, 100a, 400), in particular for a wheel hub drive, comprising: - an annular stator carrier (12), - an annular rotor carrier (14), the one Inner diameter (D1) which is larger than an outer diameter (D2) of the stator (12) and which is arranged on a rotational axis (A) concentric or coaxial with the stator (12), and - one on the stator (12) and on the rotor carrier (14) arranged multi-disc brake (16), wherein a first number of brake plates (70 to 76) of the multi-disc brake (16) on a receiving part (21) of the stator (12) is arranged, and wherein the receiving part (21) integral with the stator (12) is formed.

Description

The invention relates to an electric machine, in particular an electric motor, which is particularly suitable as a wheel hub drive, for example. For an electric vehicle or for a hybrid vehicle with an electric drive and a conventional combustion drive. But other applications of the electric machine are possible, as will be explained in more detail below.

• – einen ringförmigen Statorträger,
• – einem ringförmigen Rotorträger, der einen Innendurchmesser hat, der größer als ein Außendurchmesser des Statorträgers ist und der an einer Drehachse konzentrisch bzw. koaxial mit dem Statorträger angeordnet ist, und
• – eine am Statorträger und am Rotorträger angeordnete Lamellenbremse,

wobei eine erste Anzahl von Bremslamellen der Lamellenbremse an einem Aufnahmeteil des Statorträgers angeordnet ist, und wobei der Aufnahmeteil einstückig mit dem Statorträger ausgebildet ist. The invention relates to an electric machine, in particular an electric motor, in particular for a wheel hub drive, comprising:

• An annular stator carrier,
• A ring-shaped rotor carrier having an inner diameter which is larger than an outer diameter of the stator carrier and which is arranged on an axis of rotation concentrically or coaxially with the stator carrier, and
• A lamellar brake arranged on the stator carrier and on the rotor carrier,

wherein a first number of brake disks of the multi-disk brake is arranged on a receiving part of the stator carrier, and wherein the receiving part is formed integrally with the stator carrier.

• – Anordnen einer Lamellenbremse an einem Statorträger und einem Rotorträger einer Elektromaschine,
• – Anordnen eines Betätigungselementes der Lamellenbremse an mindestens einer Lamelle der Lamellenbremse,
• – Abdichten der Lamellenbremse mit mindestens einer Dichtung oder genau mit einer Dichtung,
• – Befüllen der Lamellenbremse mit einer Flüssigkeit, insbesondere dauerhaft, und
• – Betätigen der Lamellenbremse zum Bremsen der Elektromaschine, insbesondere mehrmalig.

The invention also relates to a method for braking an electric machine or an electric motor, in particular of the above-mentioned electric motor, comprising:

• Arranging a multi-disc brake on a stator carrier and a rotor carrier of an electric machine,
• Arranging an actuating element of the multi-disc brake on at least one lamella of the multi-disc brake,
• Sealing the multi-disc brake with at least one gasket or exactly with a gasket,
• - Fill the multi-disc brake with a liquid, in particular permanently, and
• - Actuation of the multi-disc brake for braking the electric machine, in particular several times.

It is an object of further developments of the invention to provide a compact composite of electric machine and brake, which is particularly well sealed against the ingress of dirt, dust, water, etc. In addition, an associated method for braking and possibly also for sealing an electric machine should be specified.

This object is achieved for an electric machine or for an electric motor by the electric machine or the electric motor according to claim 1 and for a method by the method specified in the independent claim. Further developments are specified in the subclaims.

• – einen ringförmigen Statorträger,
• – einen ringförmigen Rotorträger, der einen Innendurchmesser hat, der größer als ein Außendurchmesser des Statorträgers ist und der an einer Drehachse konzentrisch bzw. koaxial mit dem Statorträger angeordnet ist, und
• – eine am Statorträger und am Rotorträger angeordnete Lamellenbremse,

wobei eine erste Anzahl von Bremslamellen der Lamellenbremse an einem Aufnahmeteil des Statorträgers angeordnet ist, und wobei vorzugsweise der Aufnahmeteil einstückig mit dem Statorträger ausgebildet ist. The electric machine, in particular the electric motor, in particular the electric motor for a wheel hub drive, may include:

• An annular stator carrier,
• An annular rotor carrier having an inner diameter which is larger than an outer diameter of the stator carrier and which is arranged on an axis of rotation concentrically or coaxially with the stator carrier, and
• A lamellar brake arranged on the stator carrier and on the rotor carrier,

wherein a first number of brake disks of the multi-disc brake is arranged on a receiving part of the stator carrier, and wherein preferably the receiving part is formed integrally with the stator carrier.

The electric motor may be a traction engine of a vehicle. However, the electric motor can also be used in a motor mode and in a generator mode. Other applications are given below. Instead of the electric motor, a generator can be used with the same features, for example, a generator (for example direct drive) for wind turbines, in particular for windmills with a mast height greater than 50 meters or greater than 100 meters.

A second number of brake disks of the multiple disk brake can be arranged on the rotor carrier. For example, 3 to 10 pairs of lamellae can be used. The lamellae may have an extent in the radial direction in the range of 2 centimeters to 10 centimeters.

On the rotor carrier can e.g. Be arranged permanent magnets. Alternatively, a magnetic field can be generated on the rotor in another way.

Windings may be placed around soft magnetic laminations on the stator support, e.g. Dynamo sheet. The iron has, for example, a non-linear magnetization characteristic with saturation characteristic. The generation of high flux densities is possible with the aid of soft magnetic iron with comparatively moderate currents in a simple manner. The sheets may be insulated from each other to prevent electrical eddy currents and associated losses.

There may be an air gap between the stator carrier and the rotor carrier, in which a high magnetization prevails due to the high magnetic field present in the air gap of the conductor of the stator through which current flows. An air gap torque on the rotor is generated because this magnetic field acts on the permanent magnets of the rotor. Alternatively, however, other types of motors can be realized, for example. Asynchronous motor, in which the Rotor magnetic field is generated by induction in rods or windings of the rotor, DC machine, for example. With slip rings and / or so-called brushes, reluctance motor, permanent magnet machine with high reluctance, etc.

The annular design of the rotor carrier or rotor and the stator or stator allows a small weight, so that in a vehicle, the unsprung mass is as small as possible, resulting in good handling characteristics.

The receiving part may be arranged parallel to the axis of rotation adjacent to the stator. Thus, both the stator and the multi-disc brake in the radial direction as far outside as possible to produce the largest possible drive torque or braking torque.

The receiving part can have a greater extent in the radial direction than the stator carrier or a main part of the stator carrier, in particular an extension which is at least twice as large or which is at least three times as large as the extent of the stator carrier in the radial direction. Thus, braking forces can be better absorbed by the stator.

At least one support element may be arranged between the receiving part and an inner ring of the electric motor, in particular one side wall or a plurality of support struts. The at least one support element may be arranged obliquely to the axis of rotation. The smaller angle between support element (e.g., inside or outside and axis of rotation) is, for example, in the range of 45 degrees to 80 degrees. This creates a cavity that is suitable for receiving wishbones or wheel carriers.

The inner ring may also be arranged concentrically to the axis of rotation. Statorträger, support member and inner ring may be integrally formed, for example. As a casting.

The at least one support element may be a first support element. At least one second support element may be provided, in particular a second support wall or a plurality of second support struts, which may be arranged between the stator carrier and the inner ring.

A first distance in the axial direction between the at least one first support element and the at least one second support element may be at least twice as large at a first radius as a second distance between these parts at a second radius lying further inwardly than the first radius.

The second support member may also serve to receive forces and the supports of the stator. Both support elements, the inner ring and the stator can form a housing, in particular a closed housing and / or an integrally formed housing. In the housing, the control electronics, in particular the power electronics of the engine or the machine can be arranged. The control electronics can, for example, be accessible or exchanged via one or more removable openings. For example. For example, the liquid cooling provided for the electric machine can also be used for the control electronics.

In the interior of the inner ring can be arranged at least one bearing for rotatably supporting the rotor carrier on the stator. For example, a skewed double cone bearing can be used or other double bearings. Alternatively, however, it is also possible to use a simple groove bearing whose rolling bodies are, for example, balls, rollers or cones.

The multi-disc brake may be a wet brake, wherein the Lammellenbremse may preferably be arranged in an oil-filled space. The space can be completed by an outer side of the electric motor through a sealing element, in particular by a shaft seal. Due to the sealing element of the entry of particulate matter can be prevented by the brake in the environment. Furthermore, it can be achieved that no corrosion of the brake occurs, in particular even if the multi-disc brake is rarely used, for example. Because mainly on recuperation, i. the generator operation of the electric motor, is braked.

In one embodiment, the oil may have a temperature resistance up to, for example, 300 degrees Celsius or 250 degrees Celsius or up to 200 degrees Celsius. This temperature can be matched to the temperature resistance of possibly present on the stator magnets. The oil should generate the lowest possible coefficients of friction. So thin oils can be used, which lead to low Schleppmomenten and allow easy tearing off of the oil film. Additives can be added to the oil to promote these properties.

The encapsulated multi-disc brake can be designed as a so-called service brake, in particular if it is used, for example, only occasionally to the generator brake of the electric machine. This means that normally no maintenance is required over the entire service life of the vehicle or any other machine, possibly only one or more Oil change. The service life can be, for example, at least 10 years.

In one embodiment, a coating may be used which, for example, is also tuned to the temperatures mentioned for the oil and / or to the oil. The covering can be fixed on one side or on both sides to the inner plates and / or the outer plates. The slats can be made of steel. The coating may be based on plastic, for example. With additional particles that increase the friction. The inner disks can, for example, be made thinner than the outer disks, wherein, for example, only the inner disks can be covered on one side or on both sides with brake pads.

The oil-filled installation space can be sealed off at an air gap lying between the stator carrier and the rotor carrier with a further seal, wherein the torque of the rotor is generated in the air gap. The further seal preferably has a larger diameter than the sealing element, which seals to the outside. Alternatively, both seals can have the same diameter, in particular a diameter which is smaller by at least 10 percent or at least 20 percent than the outside diameter of the stator carrier, in particular at the air gap of the electric motor.

In one embodiment, however, can be built without a second sealing element. In this case, there is oil in the air gap and possibly reaches even into the bearing of the rotor or rotor carrier.

In another embodiment, the further seal has a larger diameter than the first seal. As a result, the friction forces occurring during rotation can be reduced at least in one of the seals.

For the design of the seals, reference is made to the Freudenberg Simrit catalog below.

A vehicle wheel can be driven directly by the electric motor, in particular without the use of a transmission. The vehicle wheel or a tire of the vehicle wheel is adjacent to a roadway and serves to propel the vehicle. By using the specified wheel hub motor, a simple construction of the vehicle can be achieved. The electronic control of the wheel hub motor can be done via inverter or inverter.

Alternatively, however, be provided in one embodiment, a transmission between the electric motor and the wheel or tire. The transmission can be arranged in the power flow direction when driving behind the multi-disc brake. Thus, the transmission can increase the braking torque.

An actuator of the disc brake may include a ball ramp actuator or at least one hydraulic piston. The Kugelrampenaktuator or the piston can act directly on the slats. The actuating element can be arranged on the stator.

A Kugelrampenaktuator can take up a small space in the axial direction. The ball ramp actuator may include two rings. At least one of the two rings, a slope can be arranged. For example, balls or other rolling elements are mounted in corresponding grooves between the rings. The two rings are rotated to each other to actuate the brake, whereby a gap between the rings is formed or an existing gap is increased, resulting in the compression of the slats. For example. Only one ring is moved when pressed.

The ball ramp actuator itself may in turn be actuated by a hydraulic piston or otherwise, i. twisting each other the rings.

The electric motor may be connected to a rim, which in turn is connected to the rotor carrier and which contains a side wall or side struts which lead to a rim disk. The rim serves to receive a tire, in particular an air-filled tire. Alternatively, the tire or an "outside rim" can also be mounted directly on the periphery or circumference of the rotor carrier.

The rated power of the electric machine, in particular of the electric motor, may be less than 150 kilowatts. Alternatively, the rated power of the electric machine, in particular of the electric motor, also be greater than 150 kilowatts. The rated power is the relevant parameter for the design of the electric motor or the electric machine and is usually indicated on a nameplate of the electric machine.

Rated powers below 150 kilowatts can be used, for example, for passenger vehicles that are approved for less than 7 or 6 people. Nominal outputs greater than 150 kilowatts or greater than 200 kilowatts can be used for vehicles in the heavy load range, for example, mining, agriculture, etc., especially for mining trucks, tractors, tractors.

However, both mentioned ranges of rated power can also be relevant for the winches of cranes or elevators.

The two areas mentioned are also relevant for the generators of wind turbines.

The electric motor can be used for the wheel hub drive of a passenger transport vehicle, in particular for a vehicle that is approved for less than 7 or for less than 6 people. The advantages achieved by the very good sealing and the small installation space can speak in favor of using the electric motor in this area.

The stator can have an inside diameter in the range of 30 to 50 centimeters. The outer diameter of the stator support may preferably be at most 2 centimeters, at most 3 centimeters or at most 6 centimeters larger than the inner diameter of the stator. These dimensions may result in a low weight of the electric motor, which in turn leads by low unsprung masses to good driving characteristics of a vehicle.

Depending on the diameter of the design of the electric machine and the multi-disc brake is performed.

• – Anordnen einer Lamellenbremse an einem Statorträger und an einem Rotorträger einer Elektromaschine,
• – Anordnen eines Betätigungselementes der Lamellenbremse an den Lamellen der Lamellenbremse,
• – Abdichten der Lamellenbremse mit mindestens einer Dichtung oder genau mit einer Dichtung,
• – Befüllen der Lamellenbremse mit einer Flüssigkeit, insbesondere dauerhaft, und
• – Betätigen der Lamellenbremse zum Bremsen der Elektromaschine.

A method for braking an electric machine, in particular an electric motor, in particular an electric motor according to one of the preceding explanations, may include:

• Arranging a multi-disc brake on a stator carrier and on a rotor carrier of an electric machine,
• Arranging an actuating element of the multi-disc brake on the lamellae of the multi-disc brake,
• Sealing the multi-disc brake with at least one gasket or exactly with a gasket,
• - Fill the multi-disc brake with a liquid, in particular permanently, and
• - Actuation of the multi-disc brake for braking the electric machine.

With regard to the filling, it may be the case that the brake is permanently or permanently filled with oil in order, for example, to obtain short response times, for example less than 50 or less than 10 milliseconds. However, only temporary charging can be considered in certain applications, for example. Multi-stage torque converter or retarder, especially on trucks (trucks) and the like large vehicles, where it does not matter in milliseconds when braking. If the oil is not in the multi-disc brake, so-called drag losses can be reduced, for example.

More specifically, during braking, the rotation of the rotor of an electric machine is braked and thus, for example, also a vehicle driven by the electric machine. The liquid can be a machine oil, see the explanations above.

When operating the multi-disc brake, the electric motor can simultaneously operate in generator mode to increase the braking power. Alternatively, however, an operation of the multi-disc brake in engine operation or without generator operation is possible.

There may be separate cooling circuits for the multi-disc brake and for the stator windings. As cooling for the stator windings a water jacket cooling can be used.

Alternatively, a common cooling circuit for the multi-disc brake and for the stator windings may be used, especially if oil is also allowed in the air gap of the electric motor.

In other words, in addition to general electric machines u.a. specified a wheel hub drive with perimeter multi-disc brake. Wheel hub motors as a direct drive require a design larger seal than normal electrical drives. Specifically, the design of the wheel hub motor as an external rotor has a design-related large diameter of the seal result. However, the external rotor has the advantage that the diameter of the rim can be used as best as possible in order to generate the torque. In addition, wheel hub motors are exposed to water and similar media due to their position in the wheel. They should be impermeable and at the same time withstand high injection pressures. That The seal must seal very well at high speeds and at standstill. The problem of the seal is aggravated when, for example, air must be sealed against air and not, for example, in a transmission air against oil.

The integration of the motor, the brake and the power electronics is difficult due to the limited installation space.

So far this is an open point in such drives. The company Protean solves the problem, for example, by allowing the flooding of your drive and sheds or seals the windings and electrical parts. However, for example, entering water could freeze and the ice could damage the engine. The practical proof that a wheel hub drive for high speeds, e.g. for the application in the passenger car (passenger car), is dense, there is not yet.

The company Schäffler installed in one of its wheel hub drives, for example, a drum brake, which, however, is not intended for continuous operation, but only intended as a fallback solution. Michelin and other manufacturers do not drive the wheel directly, but transmit torque and power through a transmission.

It proposes a wheel hub drive with an external rotor as a direct drive. As a brake, a multi-disc brake is used, which is designed as a perimeter brake. Perimeter brake means that the brake is not connected to the wheel hub but to the rim, ie here on the outer rotor of the drive. That is, the brake is preferably not designed as a disc but as a ring. A multi-disc brake can run in oil, see eg 1 to 3 , The running in oil and cooled by this disk set is, for example, completed by two seals. The disk pack is sealed by a seal to the outside and can be sealed by a second internal seal against the electric machine.

Due to this structural design, the diameter, on which the seal is inserted to the outside space, can be reduced because the brake comprises the motor or the machine, that is arranged on its periphery. The reservoir filled with oil then lies above the gap to be sealed. For example, air is sealed against oil with two gaskets. In the 1 to 3 The outer seal has a reduced diameter. Alternatively, seals of the same diameter can be used. The inner seal has a larger diameter in the sketched embodiment.

In an alternative embodiment, the diameter of the inner seal can be reduced by, for example, positioning the actuator centrally in the disk pack or between the disks of the disk pack and simultaneously pressing both disk pack halves or parts axially outwards against the enclosing rotating part.

Nevertheless, the sealing effect is easier in the proposed solutions, because here air is sealed against oil and because the harmful media must first penetrate through the oil.

For example, if a Kugelrampenaktuator used, so there is a small space in the axial direction.

The annular shape of the brake wishbones can be guided into the interior of the wheel dish.

• – Über dem zu dichtenden Spalt liegt die Lamellenbremse. Zwischen dem Motorraum und dem Außenraum liegt ein ölgefülltes Reservoir.
• – Die ringförmige Einhausung für die Lamellenbremse kann den Durchmesser für die kritische Dichtung reduzieren. Aufgrund des kleineren Durchmessers wird die Bahngeschwindigkeit reduziert, für die die Dichtung ausgelegt werden muss.
• – Wenn Schmutz in den Antrieb eindringt, gelangt er zunächst in den mit Öl gefüllten Raum und kann über einen Ölkreislauf wieder herausgefiltert werden. Die Wärme, die beim Bremsen entsteht, kurzzeitig z.B. über 100 Kilowatt, kann über das Öl abgeführt werden und im Fahrzeug wieder verwendet werden.
• – Der Großteil der Wärme wird bspw. nicht, wie bei den Standard-Reibbremsen (Scheibenbremse, Trommelbremse) an die Umgebungsluft abgegeben und geht nicht verloren.
• – Durch die Ausführung der Bremse als Perimeter-Bremse, lässt sich der Radnabenantrieb an verschiedene Fahrwerkskonzepte montieren, weil die Querlenker in die Radschüssel hineingreifen können. Damit kann eine solche Ausführung für mehrere Achsen (bspw. vorne und/oder hinten) und Achssysteme gleichzeitig ausgelegt werden.
• – Der größere Durchmesser des Lamellenpaketes verglichen mit einer kompakten achsnahen Lamellenbremse führt zu größeren Bahngeschwindigkeiten, womit bei gleichem Anpressdruck und gleicher Reibfläche höhere Bremsleistungen bzw. Bremsmomente erzielt werden kann.
• – Weiterhin verbessert der größere Lamellenpaketdurchmesser die Entwärmung bzw. Kühlung der Bremse, da die rotorseitigen Lamellen zusätzlich zur Ölkühlung auch auf kurzem Wege eine Entwärmung bzw. Wärmeabfuhr zur Außenluft ermöglichen.

Other technical effects are:

• - The multi-disc brake is located above the gap to be sealed. Between the engine compartment and the exterior there is an oil-filled reservoir.
• - The annular housing for the multi-disc brake can reduce the diameter for the critical seal. Due to the smaller diameter, the web speed is reduced, for which the seal must be designed.
• - If dirt enters the drive, it first enters the oil-filled space and can be filtered out again via an oil circuit. The heat generated during braking, eg over 100 kilowatts for a short time, can be dissipated via the oil and reused in the vehicle.
• - The majority of the heat is not, for example, as in the standard friction brakes (disc brake, drum brake) delivered to the ambient air and is not lost.
• - By executing the brake as a perimeter brake, the wheel hub drive can be mounted on different suspension concepts, because the wishbone can reach into the wheel. Thus, such a design for several axes (eg front and / or rear) and axle systems can be designed simultaneously.
• - The larger diameter of the disk set compared to a compact close-coupled disk brake leads to greater web speeds, which with the same contact pressure and the same friction surface higher braking performance and braking torques can be achieved.
• - Further, the larger disk pack diameter improves the cooling or cooling of the brake, since the rotor-side fins in addition to the oil cooling on a short path and a cooling heat dissipation to the outside air allow.

As materials for the seals common materials for seals in question, see, for example. Technical Handbook 2007, Freudenberg Simrit GmbH & Co. KG, pages 34 and 35 , For example. For example, FKM, ie, fluoroelastomers, may be suitable due to abrasion resistance, temperature resistance, and / or oil resistance. If permanent magnets are used in the rotor, the temperatures in the oil and thus also at the seal should be less than about 200 degrees Celsius, in order to ensure a permanent magnetization of the permanent magnets.

The design of the sealing lip, in particular the angles on the oil side or on the air side are described, for example. On page 25 of the mentioned catalog, i. 35 to 60 degrees of angle on the oil side and 12 to 30 degrees of angle on the air side.

The tension spring rings of the seal (s) can be arranged inside the oil bath and in Direction of the slats of the multi-disc brake be oriented, see, for example. (Page 21) and (Page 22) of the catalog. Alternatively, a seal or multiple seals with compression spring ring can be used.

Alternatively, seals from other manufacturers may be used that have similar or different design criteria.

The multi-disc brake can be designed according to common design principles. For example, externally toothed, coating-free steel lamellae can be used in alternation with internally toothed lamellae coated on both sides. The pad may have a thickness known from paper and be processed according to a processing technique of paper, so that it is also referred to as a paper pad. The covering may be plastic-based and / or contain additional particles which, for example, are similar to the additional particles used in dry clutches. Alternatively, one-sided occupied inner fins can be used, in which case, for example, also on the outer fins a coating can be arranged.

The above-described characteristics, features, and advantages of this invention, as well as the manner in which they are achieved, will become clearer and more clearly understood in connection with the following description of the embodiments. If the term "can" is used in this application, it is both the technical possibility and the actual technical implementation. If the term "about" is used in this application, this means that the exact value is also disclosed.

The figures are not drawn to scale, in particular, the aspect ratios of the elements can be chosen differently.

In the following, embodiments of the invention will be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show:

1 an electromagnetic wheel hub drive as external rotor with perimeter multi-disc brake (sectional view, perspective),

2 a sectional view of the wheel hub drive,

3 a detailed view of the wheel hub drive,

4 a hub external rotor motor, and

5 a configuration of an electric motor with, for example, twelve windings.

The 1 shows an electromagnetic hub drive 8th with an external rotor electric motor 10 and with perimeter multi-disc brake 16 in a sectional view shown in perspective. The electric motor 10 includes an annular stator carrier 12 and an annular rotor carrier 14 , wherein the stator carrier 12 a smaller outer diameter compared to an inner diameter of the rotor carrier 14 Has. stator 12 and rotor carrier 14 are arranged coaxially or concentrically with each other on a rotation axis A. A radial direction R is in the 1 also shown.

The stator carrier 12 carries stator windings 62 , please refer 2 , and the rotor carrier 14 carries magnets, in particular permanent magnets or permanent magnets, which are not shown.

On the stator carrier 12 and on the rotor carrier 14 is a multi-disc brake 16 arranged to slow down the electric motor 10 serves. The construction of the multi-disc brake 16 will be further down, especially on hand of the 3 , explained in more detail.

On the rotor carrier 14 is a rim 18 attached, eg screwed. The rim 18 is, for example, a commercially available 15 inches (1 inch equals 2.54 inches), 16 inches, 17 inches, or other rim. However, special rims can be used that are connected to the electric motor 10 are adjusted.

On the rim 18 is a tire 20 mounted, for example, an air-filled tire or a solid tire.

An exemplary electronic control of the electric motor 10 is not shown, but is at the bottom of the hand 5 explained in more detail.

The stator carrier 12 widens on one side to a receiving part 21 on, which is the inner disks of the multi-disc brake 16 and an actuator of the multi-disc brake 16 see Kugelrampenaktuator 52 , The recording part 21 is with a side wall 22 connected, which is executed in the embodiment truncated cone-shaped but can also have a different shape. Possibly. can the side wall 22 also be omitted. Inside the truncated cone shell but outside the housing 66 , please refer 2 , Radial, not shown, arranged, for example, a wishbone.

In the use position of the wheel hub drive 8th is the tire 20 with part of its peripheral surface on a carriageway or on another surface. Is the wheel hub drive 8th mounted on the right side of the vehicle, so is the Truncated cone jacket of the sidewall 22 on the left side of the wheel hub drive 8th , Is the wheel hub drive 8th on the other hand mounted on the left side of the vehicle, so there is the truncated cone shell of the side wall 22 on the right side of the wheel hub drive 8th , ie directed back towards the vehicle.

The side wall 22 radially adjoins an inner ring on the inside 24 , which is mounted concentrically to the axis A and has a diameter which is on a bearing 34 , for supporting a rotor pin or rotor inner part 32 is tuned. The diameter of the inner ring 24 is considerably smaller than the diameter of the stator carrier 12 , Eg smaller than half the diameter of the stator 12 , The warehouse 34 is, for example, a double bearing, for example, a skewed double ball bearing. Alternatively, a simple ball bearing or rolling bearing is used.

An example. Flat disc-shaped side wall 26 lies the side wall 22 opposite and radially outwardly adjacent to the stator 12 , Radially inside, the sidewall borders 26 to the inner ring 24 , The side wall 26 can also have a different shape, for example. Wavy along the radial direction R, for example. To increase the stability.

The stator carrier 12 , the receiving part 21 of the stator carrier 12 , the side wall 22 , the inner ring 24 and the side wall 26 form an annular housing 66 , in which, for example, the control electronics of the electric motor 10 is arranged. Furthermore, oil pumps and / or oil filters and / or oil lines and possibly other components in the preferably closed housing 66 to be ordered.

A rotor wall 30 connects the rotor carrier 14 with the rotor pin or rotor inner part 32 , The rotor wall 30 is, for example, designed as a flat disc. The rotor wall 30 is parallel and at a distance from the side wall 26 arranged. In the exemplary embodiment, the rotor wall 30 also parallel and at a distance to a side wall 40 the rim 18 arranged. The rim center 42 the rim 18 is arranged parallel to the center of the rotor wall without any distance to this.

In the 1 is also an outer seal 44 shown attached to an annular projection 46 is mounted, the outside of the receiving part 21 is trained. The outer seal 44 will be at the bottom of the hand 3 explained in more detail.

An inner seal 48 is at a projection of the receiving part 21 in a U-shaped recess 50 arranged. In the embodiment, the inner seal is located 48 exactly at the air gap of the electric motor 10 , see air gap 64 in the 2 ,

Between the outer seal 44 and the inner gasket 44 is the multi-disc brake 18 or their slats in a chamber 88 , please refer 3 which is filled with a suitable oil.

The ball ramp actuator 52 is, for example, so constructed, as explained in the introduction, ie two rings that are rotated to each other, wherein at least one ring has a slope or a ramp on the balls or other body can roll.

The 2 shows a sectional view of the wheel hub drive 8th , Good to see is especially the case 66 , on whose circumference a stator cooling jacket 60 on the stator carrier 12 is arranged. For example. a water jacket cooling with countercurrent principle or another cooling is used. The cooling is used to cool stator laminations and windings 62 leading up to the air gap 64 of the electric motor 10 to lead. cooling jacket 60 as well as stator laminations and windings 62 are in the 2 only symbolically represented, ie the design details can also be chosen differently than shown.

The air gap 64 between the magnets of the rotor and the stator laminations, for example, has a gap width between 0.5 millimeters and 5 millimeters. The width of the air gap is, for example, between 4 centimeters and 15 centimeters. The length of the air gap corresponds to the length of the circumference along the stator lamination.

In the 2 In addition, a distance A1 and a distance A2 are shown, which are at a radius R1 or R2 between the side walls 22 and 26 lie. The radius R2 is smaller than the radius R1. The distance A2 is smaller than the distance A1, for example by at least half the value of the distance A1. The values of the distances A1 and A2 are due to the shape of the side wall which widens as the radial distance from the axis A increases 22 given. The distance A1 or A2 is, for example, from the inner surface of the side wall 26 to the inner surface of the side wall 22 measured. Alternatively, other references may be chosen, for example, a centerline of the sidewall 26 respectively. 22 However, the above-mentioned relationships between the distances A1 and A2 may also apply.

An inner diameter D1 of the rotor carrier 14 is larger than an outer diameter D2 of the stator carrier 12 , for example, at least 10 percent of the inner diameter D1. An inner diameter D3 of the stator carrier 12 is smaller than the outer diameter D2 of the stator 12 , for example, at most by 10 percent of the outer diameter D2.

The 3 shows a detailed view of the wheel hub drive 8th , in particular a detailed view of the receiving part 21 , on the receiving part 21 are linear guides 95 formed, for example. Trapezoidal projections and trapezoidal recesses or grooves extending in the axial direction A, ie parallel to the axis A. Alternatively, for example. used rectangular or square shapes or combination of said forms.

The linear guides 95 are on internal gears of inner disks 70 to 76 the multi-disc brake 16 Voted. The inner disks 70 to 76 are formed as laminar rings, for example. Steel. The inner disks 70 to 76 are on the linear guides 95 mounted axially movable and can by the below explained in more detail actuator of the multi-disc brake 16 be compressed, in particular together with below explained in more detail outer plates 80 to 86 the multi-disc brake 16 ,

The inner disks 70 to 76 are coated with a coating, not shown, in particular on both sides or on one side, see for another brake and the coating 370a in 4 , For the lining and the oil of the multi-disc brake 16 the statements stated in the introduction apply.

The free ends of the inner plates 70 to 86 opposite are linear guides 96 formed, for example, may also consist of trapezoidal projections and trapezoidal recesses, preferably in the axial direction a running. Alternatively, for example, rectangular or square shapes or combination of said shapes are used. The linear guides 96 are on external teeth of outer plates 80 to 86 the multi-disc brake 16 Voted. The outer disks 80 to 86 are also designed as laminar rings, for example. Steel. The outer disks 80 to 86 are on the linear guides 96 mounted axially movable and can by the below explained in more detail actuator of the multi-disc brake 16 be compressed, in particular indirectly via the inner plates 70 to 76 the multi-disc brake 16 ,

The outer disks 80 to 86 are not coated in the embodiment. Alternatively, both inner disks and outer disks can be coated, for example, in each case on the side or surface pointing outwards (above) or on the side or surface pointing inwards (downwards). Further alternatively, only the outer plates can be coated.

Although in the 3 four pairs of lamellae are shown, a different number of pairs can be used, in particular a number that is between two and twenty.

An annular oil chamber 88 is between the linear guides 95 and 96 educated. Because of in the oil chamber 88 arranged inner fins 70 to 76 in alternation with the outer disks 80 to 84 results in the non-actuated state of the multi-disc brake 16 a meandering course of the oil in the oil chamber 16 between the spaced apart slats. Will the multi-disc brake 16 pressed, so are the gaps between the slats 70 to 76 . 80 to 86 reduced to each other adjacent lamellae 70 to 76 . 80 to 86 touch. The oil is pushed out of the meander and can, for example, along the guides 95 . 96 in side area of the oil chamber 88 flow, from where it when relaxing or letting go of the multi-disc brake 16 flows back again, especially along the then forming meanders.

The oil chamber 88 can not shown oil lines or oil channels in the receiving part 21 communicate with an oil filter and / or an oil pump. The oil can, for example, be supplied to a cooling device and / or serve to heat the vehicle interior.

The actuating element of the multi-disc brake 16 is in the embodiment by a Kugelrampenaktuator 52 formed, the two grooved rings 90 . 92 contains in the receiving part 21 near the inner lamella 76 and the outer lamella 86 are arranged. Alternatively, the Kugelrampenaktuator 52 also adjacent to an outer lamella. The Rings 90 . 92 have a mean diameter that is about the mean diameter of the inner disks 70 to 76 corresponds or, for example, only by a maximum of 5 percent or by a maximum of 10 percent of the mean diameter of the inner disks 70 to 76 differs. For determining the mean diameter of the inner disks 70 to 76 is, for example, to a smallest inner diameter of the toothing and the outer diameter of the respective inner plate 70 to 76 Referenced.

Balls, see eg ball 54 , or other rolling elements are between the groove rings 90 . 92 arranged. In the non-actuated state, there may already be a gap 94 between the rings 90 and 92 give. Alternatively, the gap is created 94 only when the multi-disc brake is actuated 16 by twisting the ring 92 relative to the ring 90 , Alternatively, both rings 90 . 92 when operating the multi-disc brake 16 be turned or just the ring 90 , The twisting takes place in the circumferential direction of the rings 90 respectively. 92 ,

The ring 90 and / or the ring 92 has a slope of the groove for receiving the balls, see eg ball 54 , or the other rolling element. This pitch increases the distance between the rings 90 . 92 when twisting at least one ring 90 . 92 , The ball ramp actuator 52 can with the oil chamber 88 communicate with him to oil him. Alternatively, a separate lubrication for the Kugelrampenaktuator 52 be used.

The twisting of the rings 90 . 92 to each other can be done by a known device, for example. Using a hydraulic or pneumatic piston.

An unillustrated return element facilitates the release of the multi-disc brake 16 , for example. Suitable spring rings between the slats 70 to 76 respectively. 80 to 86 , Alternatively, no separate reset elements for the return of the multi-disc brake 16 used.

A screw 97 can for fixing a stop ring, not shown 99 for the inner plates 70 to 76 serve. Alternatively, a snap ring can be used, ie the screw 97 is not used.

A screw 98 can for fixing a stop ring, not shown, for the outer plates 80 to 86 on the rotor carrier 14 and a chamber wall 87 on the rotor carrier 14 serve. Alternatively, here as a stop for the outer plates 80 to 86 a snap ring can be used as a stop ring. Next alternatively, only one stop ring can be used either inside or outside. The chamber wall 87 is pulled as far inward as possible to the diameter of the outer seal 44 to reduce and thereby minimize friction losses. Alternatively, the chamber wall 87 be shortened, with the outer seal 44 can be arranged further out, for example. On the same radius as the inner seal 48 ,

A width B1 of the receiving part 21 is, for example, more than twice or more than three times as large as a width B2 of the stator 12 ,

• – ein ringförmiges Lagerteil, das an einer Seitenfläche des Vorsprungs 46 anliegt und bspw. eine Metalleinlage enthält oder aus Metall besteht,
• – einen quer, insbesondere im Winkel von 90 Winkelgrad, zum Lagerteil angeordneten scheibenförmigen Mittelteil, der bspw. ebenfalls Metall enthält oder aus Metall besteht, und
• – einen quer zum Mittelteil angeordneten ringförmigen freien Teil mit einer Dichtlippe, bspw. aus einem Kunststoffmaterial, ggf. unterstützt durch einen Metallring, insbesondere einen Druckfederring.

The outer seal 44 is at the lead 46 assembled. In the exemplary embodiment, a U-shaped shaft seal as an outer seal 44 which contains the following parts:

• - An annular bearing part, which on a side surface of the projection 46 is present and, for example, contains a metal insert or consists of metal,
• A transverse, in particular at an angle of 90 degrees, arranged to the bearing part disc-shaped central part, which, for example. Also contains metal or consists of metal, and
• - A transverse to the central part arranged annular free part with a sealing lip, for example. From a plastic material, possibly supported by a metal ring, in particular a compression spring ring.

The bearing part and the free part extend in the same direction away from the central part, which can also be referred to as a base. The base of the outer seal 44 lies in the embodiment outside of an opening in which the outer seal 44 is mounted. Thus, the sealing lip exerts a radially outwardly directed pressure on the operation of the electric motor 10 rotating side wall 87 out. Alternatively, a V-shaped or an L-shaped outer seal 44 are used, with reference to the introduction for all mentioned types of seal with respect to the choice of materials and the temperature resistance.

• – ein ringförmiges Lagerteil, das am Boden der Aussparung 50 anliegt und bspw. eine Metalleinlage enthält oder aus Metall besteht,
• – einen quer, insbesondere im Winkel von 90 Winkelgrad, zum Lagerteil angeordneten scheibenförmigen Mittelteil, der bspw. ebenfalls Metall enthält oder aus Metall besteht und der an einer Seitenfläche der Aussparung 50 anliegt, und
• – einen quer zum Mittelteil angeordneten, ringförmigen, freien Teil mit einer Dichtlippe, bspw. aus einem Kunststoffmaterial.

The inner seal 48 is in the example. Annular recess 50 assembled. In the embodiment, a U-shaped shaft seal as an inner seal 48 which contains the following parts:

• - An annular bearing part, which at the bottom of the recess 50 is present and, for example, contains a metal insert or consists of metal,
• A transverse, in particular at an angle of 90 degrees, arranged to the bearing part disc-shaped central part, which, for example. Also contains metal or consists of metal and on a side surface of the recess 50 is present, and
• - Arranged transversely to the central part, annular, free part with a sealing lip, for example. From a plastic material.

The bearing part and the free part extend in the same direction away from the central part, which can also be referred to as a base. The base of the inner seal 48 is in the embodiment of the closer to the air gap 64 lying side wall of the recess 50 , Thus, the sealing lip exerts a radially outwardly directed pressure on the operation of the electric motor 10 rotating rotor carrier 14 out. Alternatively, a V-shaped or an L-shaped inner seal 48 be used, with respect to the choice of materials and the temperature resistance of all mentioned types of seal reference is made to the introduction.

One or both seals 44 . 48 can also be on the rotor arm 14 be mounted, for. B. with compression spring rings in the seals. The position of the base remains unchanged, so the sealing lip of the seal 44 then on the receiving part 21 or the sealing lip of the seal 48 then also on the receiving part 21 issue.

In another embodiment, the ball ramp actuator 52 respectively. 54 centrally in the disk pack of the multi-disc brake 16 or another disc brake can be arranged. Instead of a ball ramp actuator, a hydraulic double piston or a plurality of hydraulically actuated pistons can also be used here. In both cases, the inner seal 48 then be placed further radially inward than in the 3 is shown, in particular on the same radius as the outer seal 44 , The air gap 64 can stay in the same position as in the 3 however, there is a radial gap between the inner seal and the air gap 64 gives.

In another variant can without inner seal 48 be built. The oil penetrates the oil chamber 88 also in the air gap 64 as well as in the warehouse 34 a, see 1 and 2 ,

• – an den Statorträger 12 werden die Kühlung, die Wicklungen und die Blechpakete montiert,
• – danach werden die Dichtung 48, der Ring 90, die Kugeln 54, ggf. mit sogenanntem Käfig, und der Ring 92 eingesetzt, die Teile 90 bis 92 ggf. als vorgefertigtes Bauteil,
• – anschließend wird der Rotorträger 14 montiert,
• – danach werden abwechselnd die Außenlamellen 80 bis 86 und die Innenlamellen 70 bis 76 eingelegt,
• – mit Hilfe der Schraube 97 sowie mit weiteren Schrauben oder auf andere Art wird der Anschlagring für die Innenlamellen 70 bis 76 befestigt, insbesondere für die äußere Außenlamelle 80,
• – der Anschlagring für die Außenlamellen 80 bis 86, insbesondere für die äußere Außenlamelle 80, wird aufgelegt,
• – die Wand 87 und der Anschlagring für die Außenlamellen wird mit der Schraube 98 sowie mit weiteren Schrauben befestigt,
• – die Dichtung 44 wird eingesetzt, und
• – gleich oder später wird die Ölkammer 88 mit Öl befüllt.

When mounting the electric motor 10 the procedure is as follows:

• - to the stator 12 the cooling, the windings and the laminated cores are mounted,
• - after that, the seal 48 , the ring 90 , the balls 54 , possibly with a so-called cage, and the ring 92 used the parts 90 to 92 possibly as a prefabricated component,
• - then the rotor carrier 14 assembled,
• - then the outer lamellae alternate 80 to 86 and the inner plates 70 to 76 inserted,
• - with the help of the screw 97 as well as with other screws or in another way, the stop ring for the inner plates 70 to 76 fastened, in particular for the outer outer plate 80 .
• - The stop ring for the outer plates 80 to 86 , in particular for the outer outer plate 80 , is hung up,
• - the wall 87 and the stop ring for the outer plates is with the screw 98 as well as with other screws,
• - the seal 44 is used, and
• - the oil chamber will be the same or later 88 filled with oil.

If the seal 48 running in a groove, the rotor can 14 be divided at this point, ie at the seal.

In this way, the multi-disc brake 16 also without disassembly of the rim 18 to be serviced by following the above steps after draining the oil in reverse order.

The 4 shows a wheel hub external rotor motor 100a the component of a wheel hub drive 102 is. A rotor 120a revolves around the axis of rotation A. The electric motor 100a contains one inside the rotor 120a arranged stator 140a ,

The stator 140a includes a cylindrical ring which is closed on one side (here right) by an example. Circular side wall, which is optionally reinforced by radial ribs, so that forms a stator interior in the interior of the ring. The side wall is on the side facing away from the stator interior side with a fixation 160a firmly connected, for example, is mounted on a vehicle frame, in particular using a control arm. In the example, the side wall of the stator is located 140a On the right side. A rotor shaft is not available, but can be provided.

The rotor 120a Also includes a cylindrical ring which is rotatably mounted about the axis of rotation A. The cylindrical ring of the stator 140a and the cylindrical ring of the rotor 120a are mounted coaxially with each other, wherein the ring of the rotor 120a outside the ring of the stator 14a is arranged. On the inside of the ring of the rotor 120a Permanent magnets M2 are arranged through one of the coils of the stator 140a generated magnetic rotating field to be moved or driven.

One side of the ring of the rotor 120a is closed by a circular disc. On the free side of the ring of the rotor 120a is located - right in 4 - a rotor plate 150a , Which is formed, for example, as a disc ring or annulus and the engine compartment of the engine 100a covers.

The ring of the stator 140a has seen in the axial direction a smaller height than the ring of the rotor 120a so that he is in the interior of the engine 100a can be arranged.

The rotor 120a is on the stator 140a with the help of a warehouse 180a stored, for example by means of a deep groove ball bearing, which contains, for example, each other strained cone. Thus, the rotor can 120a around the axis of rotation A and also around the stator 140a turn around.

The rotor 120a and the stator 140a are in the 4 seen in the radial direction R shown greatly shortened. The motor 100a is completely inside a rim 200a , The rim 200a is, for example, a 15, 16, 17, 18 or a 19 inch rim. Alternatively, the rim 200a have a different nominal size. The rim 200a has at her in the 4 left side a rim carrier 210a , which is formed, for example, as a circular disc. Alternatively or additionally, the rim carrier 210a Ribs included.

On the rim 200a is a tire 220a mounted, the example contains a rubber compound and, for example, steel inserts.

A screw connection 240a and further screw, not shown, are used to attach the rotor plate 150a on the rotor 120a , Between the rotor plate 150a and the rotor 120a can seal along the circumferential direction 260a be provided, for example, a static sealing O-ring or a static sealing gasket.

A screw connection 320a is used to attach the rim 200a or more precisely the rim carrier 210a on the rotor 120a , The rotor 120a has an outwardly facing side wall at which the screw connection 320a is attached. Other screw connections, not shown, are used to attach the rim 200a on the rotor side wall. Possibly. Can be used to attach the rim 200a again a rotor shaft on the rotor 120a be educated, see 1 to 3 ,

Alternatively, another type of attachment of the tire 220a at the engine 100a can be selected, for example, directly on the rotor 120a ie without the use of an additional rim or using an "outer rim", ie, for example, without a rim carrier 210a ,

A multi-disc brake 360a is on the rotor 360a and at the stator 140a arranged. More precisely, are at the stator 140a inner disk 70a with internal teeth and arranged on the rotor outer disks with external teeth on linear guides. In the exemplary embodiment, there are two pairs of lamellae and an additional outer lamella 80a , Again the inner fins are 70a coated on both sides with a covering, see, for example, covering 370a on the left side of the right inner lamella 70a , However, it can also be a different number of pairs of slats 70a . 80a be used.

An actuator 340a (Actuator) of the multi-disc brake 360a is on the stator 140a arranged. Seals of the multi-disc brake 360a are in the 4 not shown. However, the same or similar sealing concepts, as above with reference to the 1 to 3 explained. The multi-disc brake 360a can also be closer to the rotor sidewall 120a be arranged, which also for the 1 to 3 applies, ie between magnets, eg M2, or stator windings and the rotor side wall 120a ,

It can be a U-ring again or it can have multiple U-rings or other sealing elements for sealing the multi-disc brake 360a used, eg a V-ring. Also, one or more L-shaped sealing element (s) can be used to seal the multi-disc brake 360a or the aforementioned modifications. Combinations of these types of seals are possible in all embodiments.

Also with the engine 100a can use a stator with a cone-shaped side wall. The assembly of the multi-disc brake 360a takes place, for example, as the assembly of the multi-disc brake 16 ,

The 5 shows a configuration of an electric motor 400 with, for example, twelve windings W1 to W12. Alternatively, a different number of turns can be used.

The electric motor 400 is an external rotor motor and contains a stator 402 and a rotor 404 , At the stator 402 the windings W1 to W12 are arranged around laminations around. On the rotor, a plurality of magnets are arranged, wherein a magnet M10 in the 5 is shown. Alternatively, electrically conductive rods or windings on the rotor 404 can be used, are induced in the induction currents for generating the magnetic fields.

The electric motor 400 also includes a perimeter multi-disc brake, but in the 4 not shown for reasons of clarity. The electric motor 400 like the ones in the 1 to 4 illustrated electric motors 10 and 100a be constructed.

The switching bridges associated with the windings W7 to W12 are, like the switching bridges assigned to the windings W1 to W6, driven in the opposite sense of winding of the windings W7 to W12 in comparison to the winding sense of the windings W1 to W6. With the same sense of winding / wiring, the windings W7 to W12 associated switching bridges are inversely controlled to the windings W1 to W6 associated switching bridges, which means here inversely that, for example, the drive signals for the upper bridge transistor / switch and the drive signals for the lower bridge transistor / -. switch swapped.

The electric motor 400 corresponds, for example, the electric motor 10 , please refer 1 to 3 , or the wheel hub motor 100a , In the in the 5 In the configuration shown, six phases can be used to drive twelve half-bridges. Alternatively, only six half-bridges can be used, as explained in more detail below.

• – die Wicklung W1 ist mit dem Mittelknoten einer ersten Halbbrücke verbunden, wobei der Mittelknoten an die Arbeitsstrecken beider Schaltelemente der Halbbrücke angeschlossen ist, was auch für die anderen Halbbrücken gilt.
• – die Wicklung W2 ist mit dem Mittelknoten einer zweiten Halbbrücke verbunden,
• – die Wicklung W3 ist mit dem Mittelknoten einer dritten Halbbrücke verbunden,
• – die Wicklung W4 ist mit dem Mittelknoten einer vierten Halbbrücke verbunden,
• – die Wicklung W5 ist mit dem Mittelknoten einer fünften Halbbrücke verbunden, und
• – die Wicklung W6 ist mit dem Mittelknoten einer sechsten Halbbrücke verbunden.

The windings W1 to W12 can be connected together at a neutral point. For the other ends of the windings W1 to W6, the following circuit is present:

• - The winding W1 is connected to the center node of a first half-bridge, wherein the central node is connected to the working distances of both switching elements of the half-bridge, which also applies to the other half-bridges.
• The winding W2 is connected to the middle node of a second half-bridge,
• The winding W3 is connected to the middle node of a third half-bridge,
• The winding W4 is connected to the middle node of a fourth half-bridge,
• The winding W5 is connected to the middle node of a fifth half-bridge, and
• - The winding W6 is connected to the center node of a sixth half-bridge.

The lower switching element of the six half-bridges is in each case connected to a common negative line. The upper switching element of the six half-bridges is in each case connected to a common positive line.

Each of the six half bridges is controlled by a drive signal line pair, the one drive line being connected to a control terminal of the upper switching element, e.g. Gate, and the other drive line respectively leads to a control terminal of the lower switching element of the respective half-bridge.

In the configuration shown, the six phases are arranged one another with increasing phase shift between adjacent phases, i. e.g. 0 angular degrees, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 degrees of angle. Due to the use of six phases for driving twelve windings W1 to W12, a torque characteristic curve is produced as a function of rotational speed. The efficiency is also dependent on the speed.

The half bridges belonging to the windings W6 to W12 are driven like the half bridges of the windings W1 to W6 based on the six phases. However, it can also be worked with only six half-bridges greater power when the first half-bridge, for example, the current through the windings W1 and W7, the second half-bridge the current through the windings W2 and W8, etc. controls.

For the 5 , Q = 12, p = 1 and m = 6, where Q is the number of slots used, p is the pole pair number and m is the number of electrical phases. Furthermore: q = Q / (2p · m) = 1, where q is the number of grooves used per winding. Other values for Q, p and m are also possible. Also other winding schemes can be used.

Instead of external rotor motors / generators, internal rotors can also be equipped with wet-running multi-disc brakes. However, in internal rotor motors / generators, the seal is often lighter due to the smaller radius at which the air gap is located than with an external rotor machine of the same rated power.

The embodiments are not to scale and are not restrictive. Modifications in the context of expert action are possible. Although the invention has been further illustrated and described in detail by the preferred embodiment, the invention is not limited by the disclosed examples, and other variations can be derived therefrom by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. The developments and refinements mentioned in the introduction can be combined with one another. The embodiments mentioned in the figure description can also be combined with each other. Furthermore, the developments and refinements mentioned in the introduction can be combined with the exemplary embodiments mentioned in the description of the figures.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited non-patent literature

• Technical Handbook 2007, Freudenberg Simrit GmbH & Co. KG, pages 34 and 35 [0059]

Claims (15)

Electric machine ( 10 . 100a . 400 ), in particular electric motor ( 10 . 100a . 400 ), in particular for a wheel hub drive, comprising: an annular stator carrier ( 12 ), an annular rotor carrier ( 14 ) having an inner diameter (D1) greater than an outer diameter (D2) of the stator carrier ( 12 ) and which at an axis of rotation (A) concentric or coaxial with the stator ( 12 ), one on the stator ( 12 ) and on the rotor carrier ( 14 ) arranged multi-disc brake ( 16 ), wherein a first number of brake discs ( 70 to 76 ) the multi-disc brake ( 16 ) on a receiving part ( 21 ) of the stator carrier ( 12 ), and wherein preferably the receiving part ( 21 ) in one piece with the stator carrier ( 12 ) is trained. Electric machine ( 10 . 100a . 400 ) according to claim 1, wherein the receiving part ( 21 ) parallel to the axis of rotation (A) next to the stator ( 12 ) is arranged. Electric machine ( 10 . 100a . 400 ) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the receiving part ( 21 ) in the radial direction (R) has a greater extent (B1) than an extent (B2) of the stator carrier (B2, 12 ) in the radial direction (R), in particular an extent (B1) which is at least twice as large or at least three times as large as the extent (B2) of the stator carrier ( 12 ) in the radial direction (R). Electric machine ( 10 . 100a . 400 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein between the receiving part ( 21 ) and an inner ring ( 24 ) of the electric motor ( 10 . 100a . 400 ) at least one support element ( 22 ) is arranged, in particular a side wall ( 22 ) or a plurality of support struts, wherein preferably the at least one support element ( 22 ) is arranged obliquely to the axis of rotation (A). Electric machine ( 10 . 100a . 400 ) according to claim 4, wherein the at least one support element ( 22 ) a first support element ( 22 ), and wherein at least one second support element ( 26 ), in particular a second supporting wall ( 26 ) or a plurality of second support struts, between the stator ( 12 ) and the inner ring ( 24 ), wherein preferably a first distance (A1) in the axial direction (A) between the at least one first support element (A) 22 ) and the at least one second support element ( 26 ) at a first radius (R1) is at least twice as large as a second distance (A2) between these parts ( 22 . 26 ) at a second radius (R2) which is further inward than the first radius (R1). Electric machine ( 10 . 100a . 400 ) according to claim 4 or 5, wherein in the interior of the inner ring ( 24 ) at least one warehouse ( 34 ) for rotatably supporting the rotor carrier ( 14 ) on the stator carrier ( 12 ) is arranged. Electric machine ( 10 . 100a . 400 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the multi-disc brake ( 16 ) is a wet brake, wherein the Lammellenbremse ( 16 ) preferably in an oil-filled installation space ( 88 ), wherein preferably the installation space ( 88 ) to an outside of the electric machine ( 10 . 100a . 400 ) through a sealing element ( 44 ) is completed, in particular by a shaft seal ( 44 ). Electric machine ( 10 . 100a . 400 ) according to claim 7, wherein the oil-filled installation space ( 88 ) to one between the stator carrier ( 12 ) and the rotor carrier ( 14 ) air gap ( 64 ) with another seal ( 48 ), the further seal ( 48 ) preferably has a larger diameter than the sealing element ( 44 ) that seals to the outside. Electric machine ( 10 . 100a . 400 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a vehicle wheel directly from the electric motor ( 10 . 100a . 400 ) is driven, in particular without the use of a transmission. Electric machine ( 10 . 100a . 400 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein an actuating element ( 52 ) the Lammellenbremse ( 16 ) a ball ramp actuator ( 52 . 54 ) or at least one hydraulic piston which is directly on the slats ( 70 to 76 ), and wherein preferably the actuating element ( 52 . 54 ; 340a ) on the stator carrier ( 12 ) is arranged. Electric motor ( 10 . 100a . 400 ) according to one of the preceding claims, with a rim ( 18 ), with the rotor carrier ( 14 ) and the one side wall ( 40 ) or side struts leading to a rim disk. Electric machine ( 10 . 100a . 400 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the rated power of the electric machine ( 10 . 100a . 400 ) less than 150 Kilowatts or is the rated power of the electric machine ( 10 . 100a . 400 ) greater than 150 Kilowatts is. Electric machine ( 10 . 100a . 400 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electric motor ( 10 . 100a . 400 ) is used for the wheel hub drive of a passenger transport vehicle, in particular for a vehicle that is approved for less than 7 or for less than 6 people. Electric machine ( 10 . 100a . 400 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the stator carrier ( 12 ) an inner diameter (D3) in the range from 30 to 50 centimeters and where the outer diameter (D2) of the stator ( 12 ) is preferably at most 2 centimeters, at most 3 centimeters or at most 6 centimeters larger than the inner diameter (D3). Method for braking an electric machine ( 10 . 100a . 400 ), in particular an electric motor ( 10 . 100a . 400 ), in particular an electric motor ( 10 . 100a . 400 ) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising: arranging a multi-disc brake ( 16 . 360a ) on a stator carrier ( 12 ) and on a rotor carrier ( 14 ) an electric machine ( 10 . 100a . 400 ), Arranging an actuating element ( 52 . 54 ; 340a ) the multi-disc brake ( 16 ) on at least one lamella ( 70 to 76 ) the multi-disc brake ( 16 . 360a ), Sealing the multi-disc brake ( 13 . 360a ) with at least one seal ( 44 . 48 ) or exactly with a seal ( 44 ), Filling the multi-disc brake ( 13 . 360a ) with a liquid, in particular permanently, actuating the multi-disc brake ( 13 . 360a ) for braking the electric machine ( 10 . 100a . 400 ).

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