DE102013207449A1 - Process for conditioning air and conditioning plant - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to provide a method for conditioning air that can be carried out reliably and in an energy-efficient manner, it is proposed that the method include the following: determining the actual values of at least two parameters of an inlet air stream to be conditioned in a conditioning system; - Selection of an operating state of the conditioning system on the basis of a model, by means of which a plurality of possible actual values of the at least two parameters are linked with operating states of the conditioning system; - Setting the conditioning system in the selected operating state, so that an output air flow of the conditioning system is generated, the actual values of which at least two parameters lie within predetermined target value ranges.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for conditioning air.

Such a method is for example from the EP 1 081 442 A1 known. This known method is a regulated method in which a conditioning system is controlled by means of controlled actuators. At least one of the controller input variables required for controlling the conditioning system is a mixed controller input variable, which is formed by linking a temperature setpoint deviation with a humidity setpoint deviation.

The present invention has for its object to provide a method for conditioning air, which is reliable and energy-efficient feasible.

• – Ermitteln der Ist-Werte mindestens zweier Parameter eines zu konditionierenden Eingangsluftstroms einer Konditionieranlage;
• – Auswählen eines Betriebszustands der Konditionieranlage auf der Basis eines Modells, mittels welchem eine Vielzahl von möglichen Ist-Werten der mindestens zwei Parameter mit Betriebszuständen der Konditionieranlage verknüpft ist;
• – Versetzen der Konditionieranlage in den ausgewählten Betriebszustand, so dass ein Ausgangsluftstrom der Konditionieranlage erzeugt wird, dessen Ist-Werte der mindestens zwei Parameter innerhalb vorgegebener Soll-Wertebereiche liegen.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that the method for conditioning air comprises:

• Determining the actual values of at least two parameters of an input air flow to be conditioned of a conditioning system;
• - selecting an operating state of the conditioning plant on the basis of a model, by means of which a plurality of possible actual values of the at least two parameters is linked to operating states of the conditioning plant;
• - Setting the conditioner in the selected operating condition, so that an output air flow of the conditioning plant is generated, the actual values of the at least two parameters are within predetermined desired value ranges.

By selecting an operating state on the basis of a model according to the invention, preferably a desired output air flow of the conditioning system can be generated quickly, reliably and / or energy-efficiently.

In this specification and the appended claims, a desired value range is to be understood as meaning, in particular, a range or a range of values within which a desired parameter may move in order to ensure desired airflow characteristics.

The model is in particular a static and / or dynamic model. In one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the operating state of the conditioning plant is selected on the basis of a parameter characteristic map, by means of which a plurality of possible actual values of the at least two parameters is linked to the operating states of the conditioning plant.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the operating state of the conditioning plant is selected on the basis of a correlation function, by means of which a multiplicity of possible actual values of the at least two parameters is linked to the operating states of the conditioning plant.

A correlation function in this description and the appended claims is preferably to be understood as meaning every equation and equation system, in particular model equations and model equation systems, by means of which a relationship is established between at least one input variable and at least one output variable.

The parameter map and / or the correlation function are preferably based on the model on the basis of which the operating state of the conditioning plant is selected.

In particular, it can be provided that the parameter map and / or the correlation function are created or generated using or on the basis of a model.

The model is in particular a simulation model, in particular a simulation model of the conditioning plant or a workpiece treatment plant, which comprises the conditioning plant.

By means of the model, the actual values of the at least two parameters of the output airflow of the conditioning system can be determined, in particular calculated and / or predicted, using the actual values of the at least two parameters of the input airflow and with knowledge of the operating state of the conditioning system.

In particular, conversely, by means of the model, it is also preferably possible with the knowledge of the predetermined desired value ranges of the at least two parameters of the output air flow of the conditioning system to conclude a desired operating state of the conditioning system using determined actual values of the at least two parameters of the input air flow.

In particular, a parameter characteristic map can be generated by means of the model, which can be used to derive an optimized and / or particularly energy-efficient operating state of the conditioning system using determined actual values of the at least two parameters of the input air flow.

In particular, it can be provided that control signals for the conditioning system can be provided by means of the parameter characteristic field, by means of which the conditioning system can be displaced into the desired operating state.

Alternatively or in addition to a parameter characteristic map, a correlation function can be provided, by means of which a multiplicity of possible actual values of the at least two parameters is linked to the operating states of the conditioning system.

In particular, by means of the correlation function on the basis of the model during operation of the conditioning system using the determined actual values of the at least two parameters of the input air flow, an efficient operating state of the conditioning system can be calculated in order to ensure compliance with the desired value ranges of the parameters of the output air flow.

It may be favorable if a parameter is the air temperature.

A (further) parameter is preferably the humidity (humidity).

It may be particularly advantageous if the at least two parameters form a pair of parameters consisting of air temperature and humidity (humidity).

It may be favorable if the inlet air flow is heated and / or cooled.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the input air flow is humidified and / or dehumidified.

In one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that a multiplicity of possible actual-value combinations, in particular actual-value pairs, of the at least two parameters is linked to one operating state of the conditioning system by means of the model.

In particular, it can be provided that by means of the model of the plurality of possible actual-value pairs, in particular air humidity and air temperature, an operating state of the conditioning plant is jointly assigned.

By means of the model, the parameter characteristic map and / or the correlation function, in particular a multiplicity of possible actual values of the at least two parameters is linked to predefined operating states of the conditioning system.

The operating states of the conditioning system preferably each comprise an operating state of a humidifying device, an operating state of a dehumidifying device, an operating state of a heating device and / or an operating state of a cooling device.

In particular, it can be provided that the predefined operating states of the conditioning system each include a predefined operating state of a humidifying device, a predefined operating state of a dehumidifying device, a predefined operating state of a heating device and / or a predefined operating state of a cooling device.

A predefined operating state is, in particular, an operating state determined, in particular calculated and / or simulated, on the basis of the model before carrying out the method for conditioning air.

The operating states of the conditioning plant which can be selected on the basis of the model are preferably predefined operating states of the conditioning plant.

By selecting an operating state of the conditioning plant on the basis of the model and putting the conditioning plant in the selected operating state, a controlled operation of the conditioning plant can be carried out in particular. The controlled operation of the conditioning plant is in particular independent of actual values of the at least two parameters of the output air flow of the conditioning plant.

It can be provided that the conditioning system is placed in a readjusting operating state in which a deviation of the actual values of the at least two parameters of the output air flow from the predetermined desired values is determined and in which for further approximation or equalization of the actual values the setpoint values are followed by a readjustment of the conditioning plant.

A readjustment or a readjusting operating state of the conditioning plant is to be understood in particular as a supplementary control of the conditioning plant on the basis of the controlled operating state.

In particular, provision can be made for the conditioning system to be put into the readjusted operating state after being put into the selected operating state, in which a deviation of the actual values of the at least two parameters of the output air flow from the predetermined desired values is determined and in which for further approximation the approximation of the actual Values to the setpoint values a readjustment of the conditioning plant takes place.

It can be provided in particular that the moistening device, the dehumidifying device, the heating device and / or the cooling device are placed in a readjusting operating state.

In one embodiment of the invention, it may be provided that a monitoring device determines whether a deviation of the actual values of the at least two parameters of the output air flow from the predetermined desired values exceeds a predetermined maximum deviation. In order to be able to monitor in particular the functionality of the conditioning plant, the level of the deviations of the actual values of the at least two parameters of the output air flow from the predetermined desired values can preferably be determined.

By means of the monitoring device, a malfunction of the conditioning system can preferably be detected or determined.

The conditioned by means of the method according to the invention air, in particular the output air flow of the conditioning, can be used in particular in a workpiece treatment plant.

The present invention therefore also relates to a method for supplying air to a workpiece treatment plant.

The method according to the invention for supplying air to a workpiece treatment system preferably has one or more of the features and / or advantages described in connection with the method according to the invention for conditioning air.

It may be favorable if the outlet air flow of the conditioning system is supplied as a treatment air flow to a treatment room of the workpiece treatment system.

By means of the model, the plurality of possible actual values of the at least two parameters of the input airflow of the conditioning system are preferably linked to the operating states of the conditioning system so that the available actual values of the at least two parameters of the treatment airflow are within predefined desired value ranges.

The output air flow of the conditioning system can be, for example, a part of a treatment air flow or form the entire treatment air flow.

If the outlet air flow of the conditioning plant is part of the treatment air flow, then the remaining part of the treatment air flow may be, in particular, a circulating air flow conducted in the workpiece treatment plant.

If the output air flow of the conditioning plant forms the entire treatment air flow, preferably a pure supply air operation of the workpiece treatment system is provided.

In particular, if the output air flow of the conditioning plant forms part of the treatment air flow, it can be provided that in the model for selecting the operating state of the conditioning plant, the influence of the circulating air flow guided in a recirculating air flow on the actual values of the at least two parameters of the treatment air flow is taken into account.

The model is preferably a plant-specific model.

The dimensions of the workpiece treatment system, in particular of the treatment space of the workpiece treatment system, are preferably taken into account in the model.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the type, the extent and / or the duration of the workpiece treatment carried out by means of the workpiece treatment system are taken into account in the model.

The input air flow of the conditioning system may be, in particular, a fresh air flow or a recirculated air flow or a mixture of a fresh air flow and a recirculated air flow.

The inventive method is particularly suitable for operating a conditioning plant for conditioning air.

The present invention therefore also relates to a conditioning plant for conditioning air.

The invention is in this respect the task of providing a conditioning, by means of which reliable and energy efficient air is conditioned.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a conditioning system for conditioning air, which comprises a control device and a measuring device for determining the actual values of at least two parameters of an input airflow of the conditioning system to be conditioned, wherein by means of the control device Operating state of the conditioning plant is selectable on the basis of a model, by means of which a plurality of possible actual values of the at least two parameters with operating conditions of the conditioning plant is linked, and wherein by means of the control device, the conditioning is displaceable in the selected operating state, so that an output air flow of the Conditioner can be generated, the actual values of the at least two parameters are within predetermined desired value ranges.

The conditioning system according to the invention preferably has one or more of the features and / or advantages described in connection with the method according to the invention.

The conditioning plant preferably comprises a control device for controlling the conditioning plant, in particular for carrying out the method according to the invention.

It may be favorable if the control device comprises a memory device on which a parameter characteristic map and / or a correlation function is stored, wherein by means of the parameter map and / or by means of the correlation function a plurality of possible actual values of the at least two parameters the operating conditions of the conditioning plant is linked.

The conditioning plant preferably comprises a moistening device, a dehumidifying device, a heating device and / or a cooling device.

In particular, the cooling device may at the same time be a dehumidifying device.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the conditioning plant comprises at least one filter device and / or at least one heat exchanger.

By means of the heat exchanger, heat can preferably be transferred from an exhaust air stream leaving a workpiece treatment system to the input air stream of the conditioning system.

In one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the conditioning plant comprises a regulating device, by means of which the conditioning plant can be displaced into a readjusting operating state.

In the readjusting operating state, a deviation of the actual values of the at least two parameters of the output air flow from the predetermined desired values can preferably be determined.

Furthermore, in the readjusting operating state, a readjustment of the conditioning system can preferably be carried out for the further approximation or equalization of the actual values to the predetermined desired values.

The conditioning system conveniently comprises a monitoring device, by means of which it can be determined whether a deviation of the actual values of the at least two parameters of the output air flow from the predefined setpoint values exceeds a predetermined maximum deviation.

The conditioning plant according to the invention is particularly suitable for use as a component or in combination with a workpiece treatment system.

The present invention therefore also relates to a workpiece treatment system which comprises a conditioning system according to the invention.

The workpiece treatment system according to the invention preferably comprises one or more of the features and / or advantages described in connection with the inventive method and / or the conditioning system according to the invention.

The outlet air stream of the conditioning plant can preferably be supplied as a treatment air stream to a treatment space of the workpiece treatment plant.

By means of the model, the plurality of possible actual values of the at least two parameters of the input airflow of the conditioning system are linked to the operating states of the conditioning system in such a way that the available actual values of the at least two parameters of the treatment airflow are within predetermined desired value ranges.

The conditioning plant can be designed as a supply air system and / or as a recirculation system.

In addition to the moistening device, the dehumidifying device, the heating device and / or the cooling device, the conditioning device preferably comprises a housing, at least one fan (blower), at least one filter device (filter stage), a flow rectification, at least one silencing device (silencer) and / or at least one Heat exchanger (heat exchanger), in particular at least one heat wheel.

By conditioning air is meant in this specification and the appended claims in particular to understand a treatment and / or treatment of air.

The workpiece treatment system is in particular a surface treatment plant, a processing plant, a coating plant, a paint shop, a drying plant and / or a cleaning plant.

Workpieces are, for example, vehicles, vehicle parts, vehicle bodies, vehicle attachment parts, furniture and / or medical devices.

Furthermore, the methods according to the invention and / or the systems according to the invention can have one or more of the features and / or advantages described below:

The conditioning of air is preferably carried out for process assurance and quality assurance of manufacturing processes, especially in the craft and industrial sectors.

By means of the workpiece treatment system and / or in the workpiece treatment system preferably several process steps are feasible, in particular the cleaning and / or degreasing of workpieces, a conversion layer formation (for example phosphating) on the workpieces, a paint application by dipping, a paint application by spray or spray application, the burn-in or curing the paint layer, a control of the workpieces and / or a rework of the workpieces.

In particular, when painting workpieces, the following desired values and desired value ranges of the relative humidity and the temperature of the treatment air stream are preferably used:

When using solvent-based lacquer, the relative humidity is preferably at least about 40% and / or at most about 84%, and the temperature is preferably at least about 20 ° C and / or at most about 30 ° C.

When using water-based paint, the relative humidity is preferably at least about 60% and / or at most about 70%, and the temperature is preferably at least about 20 ° C and / or at most about 26 ° C.

When using a single-coat water topcoat, the relative humidity is preferably at least about 55% and / or at most about 75% and the temperature is preferably at least about 20 ° C and / or at most about 26 ° C.

When using powder coating, in particular powder filler, the relative humidity is preferably at least about 40% and / or at most about 50% and the temperature preferably at least about 20 ° C and / or at most about 24 ° C.

Furthermore, it can be provided that when using powder coating, in particular powder clearcoat, the relative humidity is at least approximately 40% and / or at most approximately 50% and the temperature is preferably at least approximately 18 ° C. and / or at most approximately 22 ° C.

In individual cases, however, for reasons of quality, for example, depending on the paint system and on the desired color tone spectrum, other climatic conditions (desired values and desired value ranges) may also be provided.

It may be provided that the requirements for the room air conditioning (conditioning of the treatment air flow) in a treatment room during the application of water-based paints in comparison to the requirements for the room air conditioning during the application of solvent-based paints different, especially narrower or higher. This may, for example, be due to the dilutability of water and to the special requirements of quality and appearance, for example the reproducibility and / or uniformity of effect formation in the case of metallic paints or special effect paints.

The fresh and exhaust air requirement of a trained example as a vehicle paint shop workpiece treatment device for painting 30 bodies per hour, for example, be up to about 1.4 million cubic meters per hour. By reducing the paint layers, the Lackierumfänge and partial recirculation in the area of the treatment room (spray booth), the fresh and exhaust air requirement can be preferably reduced to at least half.

It may be favorable if a large part, for example at least approximately 50%, in particular for example approximately 80%, of the room conditioning air (treatment air stream) is circulated. In particular, if it is a paint system with dry separation or electrodeposition, the guided in the recirculation air, for example, by the friction heat of the fan (fan), are heated. By means of a cooling device of the conditioning, in particular a recirculation system, this can be preferably compensated.

In particular for the removal of pollutants is preferably a part of the circulating air, for example, about 20%, removed and fed, for example, an exhaust air purification system. The removed part of the circulating air is preferably replaced by means of a, in particular smaller, supply air system.

Depending on the production site and the paint system used, different requirements can be placed on the dimensioning and regulation of a supply air system and / or recirculation system.

For example, in very cold locations, a cooling device can be dispensable, since even in the summer months, no high temperatures are expected, which would require the cooling of the supplied air.

For example, in a warm, moist location, in which high temperature fluctuations and / or fluctuations in humidity are present over the entire year, preferably a desired conditioning of the air can be carried out more easily by means of a cooling device.

Irrespective of the location of the conditioning plant and / or the workpiece treatment plant, weather reversals may place high demands on the control engineering effort of the conditioning plant, for example due to rising thunderstorms with a rapid increase in the relative humidity. By specifically selecting an operating state of the conditioning plant on the basis of a model, this control engineering effort can be simplified and the conditioning plant can be operated more reliably and energy-efficiently.

A desired value range or the desired value ranges of the at least two parameters of the treatment air flow are also referred to, for example, as a spray booth air conditioning window or as a "drying line".

It can be provided that the desired value ranges include individual preferred operating points, for example for winter and summer.

The operating points are preferably determined during the design of the conditioning plant and / or the workpiece treatment plant.

Preferably, there is a coordination of conditioning devices of the conditioning system, in particular a moistening device, a dehumidifying device, a heating device and / or a cooling device, by means of a global model, which takes into account the ambient temperature and ambient humidity of the conditioning system. The control can preferably be pre-parameterized by system parameters.

It may be favorable if a control can be divided into a forward path (precontrol) and a reverse path (regulation). Preferably, the feedforward control is performed by selecting the operating state based on the model. The control is preferably the readjustment.

In particular, it can be provided that the precontrol calculates an energy-optimal manipulated variable combination for the conditioning devices of the conditioning system and an optimal setpoint value in a predefined setpoint value range, in particular based on the model by the solution of an optimization problem.

Preferably, an optimal solution of temperature and humidity of the input air flow is calculated.

It may be favorable if the precontrol signal (a control signal of a control device), by means of which the conditioning system can be displaced into the selected operating state, is supplemented by a control signal (readjustment, control signal of a control device). The controller signal is preferably calculated using the actual values of the temperature and humidity of the outflowing air (output airflow).

By means of the precontrol and the control, preferably a two-degree-of-freedom structure can be realized.

In particular, when the control structure comprises a model of the conditioning plant, the control strategy of the individual conditioning devices (modules) can preferably be designed so that, for example, energy-optimized operation is inherently imprinted.

It may be particularly advantageous if the control concept for industrial conditioning systems is based on a global model approach to energy-optimal control.

The control signals (control signals and / or control signals for setting in operating states) of the individual conditioning devices are preferably coordinated centrally.

Preferably, strategy changes, for example in the case of weather changes, can be taken into account.

Furthermore, manipulated variable combinations and setpoint values can preferably be calculated energy-optimally.

The algorithms of the calculation strategy are preferably applied to the supply air systems and / or or recirculation typical process control hardware and / or process control software matched.

In particular, in this case the complex optimization problem can be reduced to a numerically highly efficiently solvable linear optimization problem. By successively solving the reduced problem, the solution of the complex problem is preferably approximated with sufficient accuracy.

It can be provided that the coordinating control is pre-parameterized by physically interpretable system parameters.

In particular, with regard to the large time constants in the case of supply air systems and / or recirculation systems, a considerable saving of effort and / or time savings compared to decentralized solutions can be made possible.

Preferably, the risk of vibration of the conditioning devices and the emergence of limit cycles can be reduced, in particular completely avoided.

Preferably, thermodynamic interactions, such as the coupling of temperature and relative humidity, are considered in the model. As a result, preferably the control and / or control behavior can be optimized.

It may be favorable if the control and / or regulating behavior of a plant, in particular a conditioning plant and / or a workpiece treatment plant, is already simulated during the design process. In particular, an automatic model-based pre-parameterization can take place. As a result, a lack of the system with regard to the dynamic control, regulation and disturbance behavior can preferably already be detected in an early project phase.

Furthermore, by using a model, access to a differentiated fault diagnosis can preferably be made possible. Actual values of parameters (system parameters) deviating from expected values can lead to a deviation from a stationary behavior according to the model. This can result in a changed behavior of the control, which can be used for diagnostic purposes.

The predetermined target value range is preferably the amount of operating points on a connecting line in the air temperature-humidity diagram (or enthalpy-moisture diagram) between a summer working point and a winter working point.

Preferably, the ambient temperature and the ambient humidity as well as the connecting line between the summer working point and the winter working point in the air temperature-humidity diagram are used for the calculation of optimal control values and an optimal setpoint value.

The connection line can also be referred to as Drying Line. The precontrol preferably allows a coordination of the individual conditioning devices based on a, in particular physical, model.

In order to optimize the actual values of the at least two parameters of the output air flow that can be achieved in the selected operating state of the conditioning system, readjustment, for example by an output feedback, preferably takes place.

To implement the control, it is possible to provide, for example, known solution methods, for example decentralized controllers using linear PI controllers.

Preferably, the desired values of the at least two parameters of the output air flow are calculated in order to ensure consistent control signals with respect to the control signals.

The manipulated variable portion of the control is preferably calculated from the difference between the actual values of the at least two parameters of the output air flow and the associated setpoint values.

Alternatively or in addition to a decentralized control, a model-based, linear MIMO control can also be provided.

Together, the pilot control and the regulation preferably form a coordinating temperature and humidity control.

By monitoring the compliance of the system behavior with a, in particular simulated, model behavior, the conditioning system can preferably be monitored. In this case, a control signal of a control device of the conditioning system by means of a control device must be corrected the less, the better the model behavior matches the system behavior.

By changing the controller component, a faulty operating state can preferably be detected. In particular, abruptly occurring errors, such as, for example, a misalignment of a valve, and / or long-term effects, for example signs of wear, can be detected.

In particular, abrupt errors can be detected directly and diagnosed by warning messages.

Long-term effects can preferably be determined by statistical evaluations of the controller components.

Further preferred features and / or advantages of the invention are the subject of the following description and the drawings of exemplary embodiments.

In the drawings show:

1 a schematic sectional view through a workpiece treatment plant, which includes a conditioning device for conditioning of air;

2 a schematic sectional view of another conditioning plant;

3 a schematic representation for illustrating the operation of a conditioning plant;

4 a schematic representation of the illustration of the control and regulation of a conditioning plant;

5 a diagram illustrating the operation of a conditioning plant;

6 one of the 5 corresponding schematic diagram illustrating various operating areas of a conditioning plant;

7 a schematic representation of the illustration of the control of a conditioning plant; and

8th a further schematic representation of the illustration of the control of a conditioning plant.

Identical or functionally equivalent elements are provided with the same reference numerals in all figures.

An in 1 shown as a whole with 100 designated workpiece treatment plant is, for example, as a paint shop 102 for painting workpieces 103 , in particular vehicle bodies, trained.

The workpiece treatment system 100 includes a treatment room for this purpose 104 , which in particular as a paint booth 106 is formed, and an air guide device 108 , by means of which an air flow through the treatment room 104 can be passed.

This air flow is subsequently referred to as treatment air flow 109 designated.

The workpiece treatment system 100 includes a filter system 110 , by means of which the through the treatment room 104 guided treatment air flow 109 is cleanable.

In particular, it can be provided that by means of the filter system 110 Paint overspray, which of the treatment air flow 109 in the treatment room 104 was taken from the treatment air stream 109 is separable.

The air guiding device 108 includes one example, as a supply air system 112 trained conditioning plant 114 ,

By means of the conditioning plant 114 can ambient air, especially fresh air, as an input air flow 152 aspirated, conditioned and, for example, through a plenum 116 the workpiece treatment system 100 as a treatment air stream 109 the treatment room 104 be supplied.

The conditioning plant 114 includes a supply air duct 118 , a fan 120 for driving the air flow as well as several conditioning devices 122 ,

For example, the conditioning plant comprises 114 one as a heater 124 trained conditioning device 122 , one as a cooling device 126 trained conditioning device 122 , as a moistening device 128 trained conditioning device 122 and / or a dehumidifying device 130 trained conditioning device 122 ,

By means of the conditioning device 122 can by the conditioning plant 114 guided air stream thus heated, cooled, moistened and / or dehumidified.

The conditioning plant 114 also includes two filter devices 132 ,

With respect to a flow direction 134 the air flow is an upstream of the conditioning devices 122 arranged as a pre-filter 136 trained filter device 132 and a downstream of the conditioning devices 122 arranged, as a postfilter 138 trained filter device 132 intended.

In particular, the conditioning devices 122 , the filter devices 132 and the fan 120 are in a housing 150 the conditioning plant 114 arranged.

An exhaust duct 140 the air guiding device 108 serves the removal of the means of the filter system 110 purified treatment air stream 109 ,

The supply air duct 118 and the exhaust duct 140 are preferably by means of a heat exchanger 142 thermally coupled with each other.

The heat exchanger 142 is for example as a heat wheel 144 designed and used in particular the transfer of heat from that in the exhaust duct 140 guided air flow (purified treatment air flow 109 ) on the in the supply air duct 118 guided air flow (inlet air flow 152 ).

The conditioning plant 114 finally includes a measuring device 146 , by means of which the actual values of at least two parameters of the through the supply air duct 118 supplied input air flow 152 the conditioning plant 114 can be determined.

Based on the determined actual values, an optimized control or regulation of the conditioning plant 114 and thus the entire workpiece treatment system 100 respectively.

In the 1 shown workpiece treatment system 100 works as follows:
By means of the measuring device 146 the actual values of at least two parameters of the incoming air flow become 152 the conditioning plant 114 determined. In particular, the air temperature and the humidity, in particular the relative humidity, are determined.

On the basis of the actual values of the at least two parameters, the conditioning plant 114 set in a certain operating condition to the input air flow 152 specifically to condition such that this after flowing through the conditioning 114 and thus when leaving the same as the output air flow 154 the conditioning plant 114 a predetermined, desired air temperature and a predetermined desired humidity has.

The output air flow 154 the conditioning plant 114 is used as a treatment air stream 109 the treatment room 104 fed.

Due to the fact that the treatment air flow 109 has a predetermined air temperature and a predetermined humidity prevail in the treatment room 104 optimal conditions for the treatment of workpieces 103 , in particular for painting workpieces 103 ,

After flowing through the treatment room 104 becomes the treatment air flow 109 by means of the filter system 110 cleaned and over the exhaust duct 140 dissipated.

The in the purified treatment air stream 109 contained heat is by means of the heat exchanger 142 at least partially on the through the supply air duct 118 guided inlet air flow 152 transferred and thus preferably not unused to the environment of the workpiece treatment system 100 issued.

An in 2 illustrated alternative embodiment of a conditioning plant 114 is different from the one in 1 illustrated embodiment essentially in that the conditioning 114 two heaters 124 and a silencing device 148 includes.

At the conditioning plant 114 according to 2 is one example as a burner 147 trained heating device 124 intended.

Regarding the flow direction 134 downstream of this heater 124 is that as a pre-filter 136 trained filter device 132 arranged.

On this filter device 132 follow in the flow direction 134 the cooling device 126 , A designed as a hot water coil heater 124 , the moistening device 128 , as a postfilter 138 trained filter device 132 as well as the blower 120 ,

The silencing device 148 is between as a postfilter 138 trained filter device 132 and the blower 120 arranged.

In particular, the sound damping device 148 on the side of a housing 150 the conditioning plant 114 arranged.

By means of in 2 illustrated conditioning plant 114 can one of the conditioning plant 114 supplied incoming air flow 152 thus first heated, then cleaned, then cooled, reheated, moistened and finally cleaned again.

Incidentally, the in 2 illustrated alternative embodiment of the conditioning 114 in terms of design and function with the conditioning plant 114 the workpiece treatment system 100 out 1 so that reference is made to the above description in this respect.

The following is based on a conditioning plant 114 in which serially successively a cooling device 126 , a heater 124 and a moistening device 128 are provided, for example, the control and / or regulation of the conditioning 114 explained.

In particular 3 can be seen, by means of the conditioning 114 an input airflow 152 be conditioned. The conditioned air stream leaves the conditioning plant 114 as output air flow 154 ,

The cooling device 126 is designed for example as a cooling coil.

The heater 124 is designed for example as a heating register.

For cooling by the conditioning plant 114 guided air flow is preferably (not shown) register tubes of the cooling device 126 preferably fed to a variable cooling water flow.

For heating by the conditioning plant 114 guided air flow is preferably (not shown) register tubes of the heater 124 fed to a variable hot water flow.

The water flows are preferably adjustable via valves (not shown), in particular controllable and / or controllable.

The moistening device 128 preferably comprises a controllable and / or controllable humidifier pump 156 ,

By means of the humidifier pump 156 can a variable, in particular speed-regulated water flow in the by the conditioning 114 guided airflow are discharged.

The volume flow through the conditioning plant 114 guided air flow is preferably by means of a blower 120 (please refer 1 and 2 ) kept constant.

In particular 3 it can be seen, preferably, any conditioning device 122 with a separate control signal 158 be controlled.

The conditioning devices 122 Thus, they can basically be controlled individually and operated essentially independently of one another.

In particular 4 can be seen, has the conditioning 114 but preferably a higher-level control device 160 for controlling the conditioning plant 114 on.

The control device 160 is with a measuring device 146 connected, by means of which the actual values of the at least two parameters of the input air flow to be conditioned 152 detectable and by means of a control or measurement signal 172 to the control device 160 are transferable.

The control device 160 comprises a storage device 162 on which a model 164 or one on a model 164 based link between a plurality of possible actual values of the at least two parameters of the input air flow 152 with operating states of the conditioning plant 114 is stored.

For example, it can be provided that by means of the storage device 162 a parameter map 166 and / or a correlation function 168 is stored.

Based and / or using the model 164 can by means of the control device 160 from the determined actual values of the at least two parameters of the input air flow 152 an operating condition of the conditioning plant 114 to be selected.

To the conditioning plant 114 be put into this operating state, by means of the control device 160 one or more control signals 158 to the conditioning devices 122 the conditioning plant 114 issued.

The conditioning plant 114 can also be a control device 170 include.

The control device 170 is in particular with the control device 160 and with a measuring device 146 for determining the actual values of the at least two parameters of the output air flow 154 connected.

By means of the control device 170 can be determined whether by means of the control device 160 selected operating condition of the conditioning plant 114 in fact to the compliance of desired setpoint values of the at least two parameters of the output air flow 154 leads.

Between the measuring devices 146 , the control device 160 and the control device 170 become control or measuring signals 172 replaced.

In particular 4 it can be seen, this is the conditioners 122 supplied control signal 158 an effective control signal 158e , which consists of two control signals 158 put together, namely from a control signal 158s of the control device 160 and a control signal 158r the control device 170 ,

In this case, by means of the control device 170 preferably only a slight correction of the control signal 158s the control device 160 because preferably based on the model 164 by means of the control device 160 already an operating condition of the conditioning plant 114 , in particular the conditioning devices 122 , which is the compliance of the setpoint values of the at least two parameters of the output air flow 154 guaranteed. By monitoring the deviation of the actual values of the at least two parameters of the output air flow 154 From the desired values, it is preferable to monitor the function of the conditioning system 114 performed to detect malfunctions and malfunctions. The control device 170 can thus be a monitoring device 171 include.

The control signals 158 . 158e . 158s . 158r can for example be represented as vectors, in particular as manipulated variable vectors u = [u ₁ u ₂ u ₃ ] ^T. The entries of a manipulated variable vector are preferably the manipulated variables of the individual conditioning devices 122 ,

In particular, when the proportion of the control device 170 on the effective control signal 158e is low, for example, less than about 20%, in particular less than about 10%, it can be provided that the control device 170 operated with a linear control concept.

Based on the model 164 can by means of the control device 160 optimal control signals 158 for the cooling device 126 , the heater 124 and the moistening device 128 be generated.

Preferably, an expanded desired value range 174 the at least two parameters, in particular the air temperature and the humidity, are used.

The target value range 174 results, for example, as a connecting line between two operating points 176 in a diagram in which the air temperature (in ° C) is plotted against the humidity (in g water / kg dry air) (see 5 ).

The working points 176 are in particular a summer working point 176S in which the conditioning plant 114 is energy-efficient, especially in summer, and a winter working point 176W in which the conditioning plant 114 especially in winter is energy efficient operable.

The summer working point 176S is for example at an air temperature of about 30 ° C and a relative humidity of about 65%.

The winter working point 176W is for example at an air temperature of about 20 ° C and a relative humidity of about 55%.

Depending on the actual values of the air humidity and the air temperature of the incoming air flow 152 must comply with the target values, ie to obtain actual values of the parameters of the output air flow 154 within the target value range 174 , different operating states of the conditioning plant 114 will be realized.

Such as by the point A in 5 In both cold and dry air humidification and heating of the incoming air flow must be considered 152 respectively.

In hot dry air (point B) humidification of the incoming air flow can occur 152 be sufficient to meet the target values.

Too humid air (point C) can be provided that the input air flow 152 cooled, while dehumidifying, and then heated (heated) is.

As 6 can be seen, essentially five different areas, namely the areas I to V, in the air temperature-humidity diagram can be distinguished from each other.

If the actual values of the incoming air flow 152 give a point in region I, isenthalp humidification may be sufficient to maintain the setpoint values.

In zone II, cooling and humidifying may be provided for compliance with the target values.

In area III is preferably a cooling, including dehumidifying and a heating of the incoming air flow 152 performed to meet the target values.

In area IV, the inlet air flow 152 Preferably, only heated to comply with the target values.

In area V, both humidifying and heating of the input air flow takes place 152 to comply with the target values.

Especially due to weather changes can be very fast changes the actual values of the at least two parameters of the input air flow 152 result.

For example, a change of state from region I to region IV can take place, so that the operating state of the conditioning plant 114 must be changed from isenthalper humidification to heating.

With increasing absolute humidity, for example when rain sets in, for example, a weather change from area I to area III can take place. Isenthalper humidification must therefore be based on dehumidification, in particular by means of the dehumidifier 130 and / or by means of the cooling device 126 , and heating by means of the heater 124 be switched.

By means of the model 164 Such a changeover or switching can be carried out particularly simply and reliably.

In 8th is the signal flow by means of the control device 160 feasible pilot control shown.

As 8th can be seen, the operating points 176S . 176W as well as the control or measuring signal 172 from the measuring device 146 as input variables of the control device 160 fed.

On the basis of the model 164 be by means of the control device 160 from this a control or measuring signal 172 , which is connected to the control device 170 is forwarded, as well as the control signal 158s for controlling the conditioning devices 122 generated.

The calculation of the control signal 158s the control device 160 (Pre-control signal) preferably takes place via the solution of an optimization problem.

As a function to be minimized, in particular cost function and / or quality function, a linear energy function is used, for example: E (u _d1 , u _d2 , u _d3 , a _dl ) = p ₁ u _d1 + p ₂ u _d2 + p ₃ u _d3 + p _dl a _dl (Equation 1).

The variables u _d1 , u _d2 and u _d3 are manipulated variable components of the precontrol over which the energy function E is preferably minimized. The variable a _dl preferably gives the desired value within the desired value range 174 , in particular within the spray booth air conditioning window (the so-called Drying Line).

For a _dl = 0, the target value will be at the winter working point 176W and for a _dl = 100 on the summer working point 176S set. The variables p ₁ , p ₂ , p ₃ and p _dl are fixed weighting factors and give the linear cost factor of the individual conditioning devices 122 at.

Equation 1 is preferably minimized under the following constraints: 0 ≤ u _d1 , u _d2 , u _d3 , a _dl ≤ 100 (constraint 1) and v _Winter + a _dl v _dl = u _d1 v _Cool + u _d2 v _Heater + u _d3 v _Humidifier (constraint 2).

constraint 1 preferably ensures that the manipulated variables comply with the predetermined limits, ie within the predetermined desired value range 174 stay. Second constraint 2 preferably ensures that the solution to the optimization problem is at the energy-optimal point of the connecting line between the summer working point 176S and the winter working point 176W , that is on the Drying Line.

The vectors v _cooling , v _heating and v _humidifier are preferably directional vectors in the enthalpy-moisture diagram. The length and direction of the vectors preferably result from the instantaneous state of the input air flow 152 and the stationary model behavior of the conditioning devices 122 , The vectors are preferably derived from the model equations of the conditioning plant 122 certainly.

The direction vector v _Winter preferably describes the vector of the state (operating point) of the input air flow 122 to the winter working point 176W , The vector v _dl preferably describes the vector from the winter working point 176W to the summer working point 176S and lies on the Drying Line or runs along the Drying Line. By means of the calculated factor a _dl can be an optimal vector v _res and thus a preferred operating condition of the conditioning 114 be determined (see 7 ).

Equation 1 and constraints 1 and 2 describe a linear optimization problem.

The optimization problem can preferably be solved iteratively by a simplex algorithm in order to adapt the solution, in particular online, to the changing weather conditions. When the environment variable changes, it is preferable to change the stationary solution of the model and thus the optimization problem.

By the model-based operating state selection can preferably always a optimal operation of the conditioning plant 114 be guaranteed.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 1081442 A1 [0002]

Claims (15)

Method for conditioning air, comprising: determining the actual values of at least two parameters of an input air flow to be conditioned ( 152 ) a conditioning plant ( 114 ); Selecting an operating state of the conditioning plant ( 114 ) based on a model ( 164 ), by means of which a multiplicity of possible actual values of the at least two parameters with operating states of the conditioning plant ( 114 ) is linked; - displacing the conditioning plant ( 114 ) in the selected operating state, so that an output air flow ( 154 ) of the conditioning plant ( 114 ) whose actual values of the at least two parameters are within predefined desired value ranges ( 174 ) lie. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the operating state of the conditioning plant ( 114 ) based on a parameter map ( 166 ) is selected, by means of which a plurality of possible actual values of the at least two parameters with the operating conditions of the conditioning plant ( 114 ) is linked. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the operating state of the conditioning plant ( 114 ) based on a correlation function ( 168 ) is selected, by means of which a plurality of possible actual values of the at least two parameters with the operating conditions of the conditioning plant ( 114 ) is linked. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that one parameter is the air temperature and another parameter is the humidity. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that by means of the model ( 164 ) a plurality of possible actual value combinations of the at least two parameters, each with an operating state of the conditioning plant ( 114 ) is linked. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the selectable operating states of the conditioning plant ( 114 ) predefined operating states of the conditioning plant ( 114 ), each having a predefined operating state of a moistening device ( 128 ), a predefined operating state of a dehumidifying device ( 130 ), a predefined operating state of a heating device ( 124 ) and / or a predefined operating state of a cooling device ( 126 ). Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the conditioning plant ( 114 ) is put into a readjusting operating state after being put into the selected operating state, in which a deviation of the actual values of the at least two parameters of the output air flow ( 154 ) is determined by the predetermined desired values and in which for further approximation or approximation of the actual values to the desired values, a readjustment of the conditioning plant ( 114 ) he follows. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that by means of a monitoring device ( 171 ) determines whether a deviation of the actual values of the at least two parameters of the output air flow ( 154 ) exceeds a predetermined maximum deviation from the predetermined desired values. Method for supplying air to a workpiece treatment system ( 100 ), comprising a method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the output air flow ( 154 ) of the conditioning plant ( 114 ) as a treatment air stream ( 109 ) a treatment room ( 104 ) of the workpiece treatment system ( 100 ) and that by means of the model ( 164 ) the plurality of possible actual values of the at least two parameters of the input air flow ( 152 ) of the conditioning plant ( 114 ) in such a way with the operating conditions of the conditioning plant ( 114 ) that the available actual values of the at least two parameters of the treatment air flow ( 109 ) within predefined desired value ranges ( 174 ) lie. Conditioning plant ( 114 ) for conditioning air, comprising a control device ( 160 ) and a measuring device ( 146 ) for determining the actual values of at least two parameters of an input air flow to be conditioned ( 152 ) of the conditioning plant ( 114 ), wherein by means of the control device ( 160 ) an operating condition of the conditioning plant ( 114 ) based on a model ( 164 ) is selectable by means of which a plurality of possible actual values of the at least two parameters with operating states of the conditioning plant ( 114 ), and wherein by means of the control device ( 160 ) the conditioning plant ( 114 ) is displaceable in the selected operating state, so that an output air flow ( 154 ) of the conditioning plant ( 114 ) whose actual values of the at least two parameters are within predefined desired value ranges ( 174 ) lie. Conditioning plant ( 114 ) according to claim 10, characterized in that the control device ( 160 ) a storage device ( 162 ) on which a parameter map ( 166 ) and / or a correlation function ( 168 ) is stored, wherein by means of the parameter map ( 166 ) and / or by means of the correlation function ( 168 ) a plurality of possible actual values of the at least two parameters with the operating states of the conditioning plant ( 114 ) is linked. Conditioning plant ( 114 ) according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that the conditioning plant ( 114 ) a humidifying device ( 128 ), a dehumidifying device ( 130 ), a heating device ( 124 ) and / or a cooling device ( 126 ). Conditioning plant ( 114 ) according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the conditioning plant ( 114 ) a regulating device ( 170 ), by means of which the conditioning plant ( 114 ) is displaceable in a readjusting operating state, in which a deviation of the actual values of the at least two parameters of the output air flow ( 154 ) can be determined from the predetermined desired values and in which for further approximation or equalization of the actual values to the predetermined desired values, a readjustment of the conditioning plant ( 114 ) is feasible. Conditioning plant ( 114 ) according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the conditioning plant ( 114 ) a monitoring device ( 171 ), by means of which it is possible to determine whether a deviation of the actual values of the at least two parameters of the output air flow (FIG. 154 ) exceeds a predetermined maximum deviation from the predetermined desired values. Workpiece treatment plant ( 100 ) comprising a conditioning plant ( 114 ) according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the output air flow ( 154 ) of the conditioning plant ( 114 ) as a treatment air stream ( 109 ) a treatment room ( 104 ) of the workpiece treatment system ( 100 ) and that by means of the model ( 164 ) the plurality of possible actual values of the at least two parameters of the input air flow ( 152 ) of the conditioning plant ( 114 ) in such a way with the operating conditions of the conditioning plant ( 114 ) that the available actual values of the at least two parameters of the treatment air flow ( 109 ) within predefined desired value ranges ( 174 ) lie.

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