DE102013020373A1 - Method and measuring device for the continuous determination of the dynamic surface tension according to the principle of the drop weight method - Google Patents
Method and measuring device for the continuous determination of the dynamic surface tension according to the principle of the drop weight method Download PDFInfo
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- DE102013020373A1 DE102013020373A1 DE102013020373.2A DE102013020373A DE102013020373A1 DE 102013020373 A1 DE102013020373 A1 DE 102013020373A1 DE 102013020373 A DE102013020373 A DE 102013020373A DE 102013020373 A1 DE102013020373 A1 DE 102013020373A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005660 hydrophilic surface Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005661 hydrophobic surface Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 2
- BUHVIAUBTBOHAG-FOYDDCNASA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r)-2-[6-[[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino]purin-9-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC(C(CNC=2C=3N=CN(C=3N=CN=2)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C)=C1 BUHVIAUBTBOHAG-FOYDDCNASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N13/02—Investigating surface tension of liquids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F13/00—Apparatus for measuring by volume and delivering fluids or fluent solid materials, not provided for in the preceding groups
- G01F13/008—Apparatus for measuring by volume and delivering fluids or fluent solid materials, not provided for in the preceding groups taps comprising counting- and recording means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N13/02—Investigating surface tension of liquids
- G01N2013/0241—Investigating surface tension of liquids bubble, pendant drop, sessile drop methods
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Abstract
In einer Vielzahl technischer Prozesse in unterschiedlichen Bereichen spielen Prozesswasser eine wichtige Rolle. In Bereichen wie Abwasseraufbereitung oder natürliche Gewässer ist die Kenntnis der Eigenschaften des Wassers ebenfalls von großer Bedeutung. Volumeneigenschaften, wie pH-Wert, Leitfähigkeit, Temperatur u. a. werden gemessen, stellen aber nicht zwingend die ausreichende Kenntnis über die Eigenschaften des Wasser dar. Ein weiter, bisher noch unterschätzter Parameter ist die Oberflächenspannung des entsprechenden Wassers. Sie ist zwar als Größe bekannt, wird aber auf Grund des gegenwärtigen Messtechnikangebots noch nicht ausreichend praktikabel eingesetzt. Die Mehrzahl der verwendeten Messtechniken arbeiten diskontinuierlich und erfordern außerdem einen gewissen Personalaufwand. Prozesse unterliegen zeitabhängigen Veränderungen und somit ist eine diskontinuierliche Messung nur eingeschränkt zur Charakterisierung des Prozesses nutzbar. Versuche zur kontinuierlichen Messung der Oberflächenspannung beruhen vorwiegend auf der Methode des maximalen Blasendrucks. Es war daher Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Methode zu entwickeln, die die relativ einfache Messtechnik der Tropfengewichtsmethode nutzt, um die Oberflächenspannung kontinuierlich über einen möglichst langen Zeitraum (Stunden und Tage) messen zu können und dies mit einem möglichst robusten Messaufbau. Hauptproblem war dabei die genaue und kontinuierliche Zuführung der Messflüssigkeit an eine definierte Tropffläche zur Erzeugung von Tropfen, deren Tropfzeiten charakteristisch für die zu dem Zeitpunkt vorliegende Oberflächenspannung sind. σ = V·ρ·g/2Π·rKap·fσ = Oberflächenspannung [mN/m] V = Tropfenvolumen [cm3] ρ = Dichte [g/cm3) g = Erdbeschleunigung [cm/s2] rKap = Radius der hydrophilen Tropffläche [cm] f = KorrekturfaktorProcess water plays an important role in a large number of technical processes in various areas. In areas such as wastewater treatment or natural waters, knowledge of the properties of the water is also very important. Volume properties, such as pH, conductivity, temperature u. a. are measured, but do not necessarily provide sufficient knowledge about the properties of the water. A further, yet underestimated parameter is the surface tension of the corresponding water. Although it is known as a size, but is not yet sufficiently practicable used due to the current measurement technology. Most of the measuring techniques used work discontinuously and also require a certain amount of personnel. Processes are subject to time-dependent changes and thus a discontinuous measurement can only be used to a limited extent for the characterization of the process. Attempts to continuously measure the surface tension are based primarily on the method of maximum bubble pressure. It was therefore an object of the present invention to develop a method that uses the relatively simple measurement technique of the drop weight method to be able to measure the surface tension continuously over the longest possible period (hours and days) and this with a robust as possible test setup. The main problem was the precise and continuous supply of the measuring liquid to a defined drip area for the production of droplets whose dripping times are characteristic of the surface tension present at the time. σ = V · ρ · g / 2Π · rKap · fσ = surface tension [mN / m] V = drop volume [cm3] ρ = density [g / cm3] g = gravitational acceleration [cm / s2] rKap = radius of the hydrophilic drip area [cm ] f = correction factor
Description
In einer Vielzahl technischer Prozesse in unterschiedlichen Bereichen spielen Prozesswasser eine wichtige Rolle. In Bereichen wie Abwasseraufbereitung oder natürliche Gewässer ist die Kenntnis der Eigenschaften des Wassers ebenfalls von großer Bedeutung. Volumeneigenschaften, wie pH-Wert, Leitfähigkeit, Temperatur u. a. werden gemessen, stellen aber nicht zwingend die ausreichende Kenntnis über die Eigenschaften des Wasser dar. Ein weiter, bisher noch unterschätzter Parameter ist die Oberflächenspannung des entsprechenden Wassers. Sie ist zwar als Größe bekannt, wird aber auf Grund des gegenwärtigen Messtechnikangebots noch nicht ausreichend praktikabel eingesetzt. Die Mehrzahl der verwendeten Messtechniken arbeiten diskontinuierlich und erfordern außerdem einen gewissen Personalaufwand. Prozesse unterliegen zeitabhängigen Veränderungen und somit ist eine diskontinuierliche Messung nur eingeschränkt zur Charakterisierung des Prozesses nutzbar. Versuche zur kontinuierlichen Messung der Oberflächenspannung beruhen vorwiegend auf der Methode des maximalen Blasendrucks.Process water plays an important role in a large number of technical processes in various areas. In areas such as wastewater treatment or natural waters, knowledge of the properties of the water is also very important. Volume properties, such as pH, conductivity, temperature u. a. are measured, but do not necessarily provide sufficient knowledge about the properties of the water. A further, yet underestimated parameter is the surface tension of the corresponding water. Although it is known as a size, but is not yet sufficiently practicable used due to the current measurement technology. Most of the measuring techniques used work discontinuously and also require a certain amount of personnel. Processes are subject to time-dependent changes and thus a discontinuous measurement can only be used to a limited extent for the characterization of the process. Attempts to continuously measure the surface tension are based primarily on the method of maximum bubble pressure.
Die Tropfenvolumenmethode zur Ermittlung der Oberflächenspannung von Flüssigkeiten ist im Allgemeinen ein diskontinuierliches Messverfahren, bei dem eine flüssige Probe in eine Spritze gezogen und dann definiert nach verschiedenen Varianten aus einer Messkapillare gepresst wird. An der Spitze der Kapillare werden dabei Tropfen gebildet, deren Volumen zum Zeitpunkt des Abfallens bestimmt und die Oberflächenspannung berechnet wird.
- σ
- = Oberflächenspannung [mN/m]
- V
- = Tropfenvolumen [ml]
- ρ
- = Dichte [g/ml]
- g
- = Erdbeschleunigung [cm/s2]
- rKap
- = Kapillarradius bzw. Radius der Tropffläche [cm]
- f
- = Korrekturfaktor
- σ
- = Surface tension [mN / m]
- V
- = Drop volume [ml]
- ρ
- = Density [g / ml]
- G
- = Gravitational acceleration [cm / s 2 ]
- r Chap
- = Capillary radius or drip area radius [cm]
- f
- = Correction factor
Versuche zur kontinuierlichen Messdurchführung sind meist automatisiertes Spritzenfüllen (
Es war daher Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Methode zu entwickeln, die die relativ einfache Messtechnik der Tropfengewichtsmethode nutzt, um die Oberflächenspannung kontinuierlich über einen möglichst langen Zeitraum (Stunden und Tage) messen zu können und dies mit einem möglichst robusten Messaufbau. Hauptproblem war dabei die genaue und kontinuierliche Zuführung der Messflüssigkeit an eine definierte Tropffläche zur Erzeugung von Tropfen, deren Tropfzeiten charakteristisch für die zu dem Zeitpunkt vorliegende Oberflächenspannung sind.It was therefore an object of the present invention to develop a method that uses the relatively simple measurement technique of the drop weight method to be able to measure the surface tension continuously over the longest possible period (hours and days) and this with a robust as possible test setup. The main problem was the precise and continuous supply of the measuring liquid to a defined drip area for the production of droplets whose dripping times are characteristic of the surface tension present at the time.
Eine Vorrichtung (
Durch die Aufspaltung des einströmenden Flüssigkeitsvolumens VSTzu in einen, über eine geeignete Barriere abgeleiteten Volumenstrom VSTab und den durch die langzeitstabile niedrige Flüssigkeitssäule erzeugten Volumenstrom VSTtr, der zur Tropfenbildung genutzt wird, ist es möglich, an der hydrophilen Tropffläche (
Der Flüssigkeitsstrom kann mit einer beliebigen Pumpe für den Förderbereich und den Langzeiteinsatz erzeugt werden und benötigt keine weitere elektronische Steuerung. Durch den mechanischen Aufbau wird eine langzeitige Stabilität des Volumenstroms für die Tropfenbildung erreicht, so dass Messungen im Bereich von Stunden und Tagen durchgeführt werden können.The liquid flow can be generated with any pump for the delivery area and the long-term use and requires no further electronic control. The mechanical design achieves a long-term stability of the volume flow for drop formation, so that measurements in the range of hours and days can be carried out.
Ergänzt wird die Robustheit der Methodik durch die benutzte hydrophile Tropffläche, die einerseits den niedrigen hydrostatischen Druck ermöglicht und andererseits durch den Einsatz der hydrophoben Begrenzung den stabilen, definierten Tropfenansatz gewährleistet.The robustness of the methodology is complemented by the hydrophilic drip area used, which on the one hand enables the low hydrostatic pressure and on the other hand ensures the stable, defined drop attachment by the use of the hydrophobic boundary.
Durch die Möglichkeit, dass Verfahren langzeitig im Um- oder Durchlauf durchführen zu können, ergeben sich eine Reihe von Anwendungen in den Bereichen Prozesswasserüberwachung in der Industrie, Gewässer (auch Abwässer z. B. an Kläranlagen) im Umweltbereich oder bei der Bewertung der Abbaukinetik von Tensiden. Durch die Verfügbarkeit der Messtechnik werden künftig sicher neue Anwendungsbereiche erschlossen.The possibility of being able to carry out processes in the process or in the long run results in a range of applications in the areas of process water monitoring in industry, water bodies (including sewage, for example, in sewage treatment plants) in the environmental sector or in the assessment of the degradation kinetics of surfactants. The availability of measuring technology will certainly open up new areas of application in the future.
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- DE 19646925 C1 [0003] DE 19646925 C1 [0003]
Zitierte Nicht-PatentliteraturCited non-patent literature
- V. B. Fainerman, R. Miller/Colloids Surfaces A; Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 97 (1995) 255–262 [0003] VB Fainerman, R. Miller / Colloids Surfaces A; Physicochem. Closely. Aspects 97 (1995) 255-262 [0003]
Claims (6)
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DE102013020373.2A DE102013020373A1 (en) | 2013-12-04 | 2013-12-04 | Method and measuring device for the continuous determination of the dynamic surface tension according to the principle of the drop weight method |
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DE102013020373.2A DE102013020373A1 (en) | 2013-12-04 | 2013-12-04 | Method and measuring device for the continuous determination of the dynamic surface tension according to the principle of the drop weight method |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109490148A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-19 | 赛纳生物科技(北京)有限公司 | A kind of scan-type substrate surface detection method and device |
CN114324072A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-04-12 | 四川大学 | Method for measuring surface tension coefficient of liquid by thin plate method |
CN114383979A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-04-22 | 四川大学 | Method for measuring surface tension coefficient of liquid by liquid drop method |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19646925C1 (en) | 1996-11-13 | 1998-07-16 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Device for measuring the surface tension of liquids |
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- 2013-12-04 DE DE102013020373.2A patent/DE102013020373A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19646925C1 (en) | 1996-11-13 | 1998-07-16 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Device for measuring the surface tension of liquids |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
V. B. Fainerman, R. Miller/Colloids Surfaces A; Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 97 (1995) 255-262 |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109490148A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-19 | 赛纳生物科技(北京)有限公司 | A kind of scan-type substrate surface detection method and device |
CN109490148B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2024-02-09 | 赛纳生物科技(北京)有限公司 | Scanning type substrate surface detection method and device |
CN114324072A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-04-12 | 四川大学 | Method for measuring surface tension coefficient of liquid by thin plate method |
CN114383979A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-04-22 | 四川大学 | Method for measuring surface tension coefficient of liquid by liquid drop method |
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