DE102013012650A1 - The energy absorbing device - Google Patents

Abstract

On the basis of this prior art, the object of the invention is to present an implementation concept for an energy absorption device or an energy absorption device by means of this by shaping and tuning of the individual components relative to one another in the energy absorption with respect to the force, essentially a linear characteristic curve in a way-force diagram / path-torque diagram can be realized, and optionally / optionally in a special embodiment, in addition to the prior art, a shortening of the structural design is made possible. The invention is particularly applicable in the field of motor vehicle production, and / or in the field of elevator construction, and / or in the area of rail-bound vehicles.

Description

The invention relates to an energy absorption device, in particular for motor vehicle technology, for absorbing an impact energy, according to the preambles of claims 1 and 2, and a device equipped therewith, according to claim 9.

Energy absorption devices are often used in everyday life, or kept available to absorb occurring in case of need occurring energies, or shocks can.

For example, in automotive engineering, vehicles are provided with energy absorption devices to absorb the energy introduced into the vehicle during a potential accident. Such devices are known in the fallow, for example, under the term "crash box".

As another application of energy absorption devices is z. As the elevator construction for passenger transport and freight transport in higher storey houses. Here are, for example, usually at the lower end of the shaft energy absorption devices to mitigate an impact of the passenger cabin in an emergency.

As another application of energy absorption devices is z. As the use in the railway sector, to cite the buffers at the car-to-car joints. Here are, for example, usually at the car-to-car joints energy absorption devices to mitigate slightly in the shunting the contact, or act as a damper in the event of a crash.

Depending on the application of the energy absorption devices, or intended function in the aforementioned applications, it is important to distinguish between reversible and irreversible energy absorption.

The reversible energy absorption devices are preferably used whenever it is necessary to absorb small amounts of introduced energy, as can occur in typical use cases (for example in the area of the bumper during the parking process). Such energy absorption devices are often preferably made of simple rubber buffers, or integrated compression springs.

On the other hand, the irreversible energy absorption devices are preferably used whenever it is necessary to absorb extraordinary / unscheduled introduced energies, as occur in the typical case of damage (eg vehicle crash). Such energy absorption devices (eg "crash boxes" in the automotive sector) often consist preferably of special metal structures which are subject to an introduced energy, a cutting process or a plastic deformation.

From the Scriptures DE 20 2007 006 376 U1 an energy absorption device for vehicles for absorbing energy introduced into the vehicle is known, in which the energy absorption device comprises at least a first vehicle part and at least one cutting device, wherein for absorbing the energy, the first vehicle part is machined by means of the cutting device exciting.

A disadvantage of such an energy absorption device can be considered that the energy absorption of the mechanical structure requires a relatively large amount of space in the axial direction of action, as well as the chips are released during the energy absorption or during the cutting process, which can move freely or outside of the energy absorption and thus uncontrollably "pollute" the surrounding near area.

From the Scriptures DE 20 2010 017 769 U1 is known a damping system for damping the stop, consisting of a longitudinally movable damping direction of a body whose movement is decelerated before reaching an end position, and a shock element that as a hydraulic damper with a Dämpfgrundteil and with a damper in the damping base along the damping direction resiliently and damping mounted damper rod is formed, and further with elastomeric element, wherein by movement of the body from its initial position in the damping direction via a first path initially applied to the hydraulic damper and further movement over a second path, the elastomeric element is deformed, the hydraulic damper and the elastomeric element path-dependent functionally parallel are switched, so that after the action of the hydraulic damper, the elastomeric element is deformed.

A disadvantage of such an energy absorption device can be considered that the energy absorption device in turn requires a relatively large amount of space in the axial direction of action, as well as the deformation of the elastomer element and the resulting energy absorption substantially non-linear, or substantially follows an exponential characteristic in that the elastomeric element is deformed substantially by progressive compression, and as a result, therefore, no linear characteristic curve in the energy absorption with respect to the force can be achieved in a path-force diagram. Other disadvantages include the typical problems with hydraulic systems, such as. B. tightness, lubrication, changing properties at different operating temperatures.

From the Scriptures DE 20 2011 112 393 A1 is a motor vehicle with an energy absorption device in the form / in the execution of a crash box known, in which the vehicle has a side rail, a bumper and a crash box, wherein the integrally designed as a bar press profile crash box an outer tube and a cavity the outer tube disposed inner tube comprises.

A disadvantage of such an energy absorption device can be considered that the production is relatively expensive, since the individual parts must be joined together by means of a welding process.

From the Scriptures DE 10 2011 118 327 A1 a motor vehicle is known with an energy absorption device in the form / in the execution of a crash box, the construction of a side member, a bumper and a crash box, which extends between a tip of the longitudinal member and the bumper main portion and one in an open end of the longitudinal member inserted anchoring portion comprises. A support body extends within the anchoring portion between opposed walls of the anchoring portion.

Even with this solution of an energy absorption device can be considered a disadvantage that the production is relatively expensive, since the individual parts must be joined together by means of suitable bonding techniques, and also the production of the required wavy tubes is very expensive.

Another disadvantage of the aforementioned crash boxes can be considered that as well as input in the solutions mentioned above, the energy absorption of the mechanical structure again requires a relatively large amount of space in the axial direction of action, as well as the deformation of the crash box elements and the resulting resulting energy absorption is substantially non-linear, or substantially follows an exponential characteristic, since the crash box elements are deformed substantially by a progressive compression, and thus as a result no linear characteristic curve in the energy absorption in terms of force, in one Path-force diagram can be achieved.

It should also be noted that certain criteria and rules must be observed in the design of the energy absorbing device to prevent buckling / kinking of the elements of the energy absorbing device, as buckling / kinking causes another source of discontinuity in the characteristic curve or even total failure of the device Energy absorption device may result.

On the basis of this prior art, the object of the invention is to present an implementation concept for an energy absorption device or an energy absorption device by means of this by shaping and tuning of the individual components relative to one another in the energy absorption with respect to the force, essentially a linear characteristic curve in a way-force diagram / path-torque diagram can be realized, and optionally / optionally in a special embodiment, in addition to the prior art, a shortening of the structural design is made possible.

This object is achieved in that an energy absorption device according to the preamble of claims 1 and 2 also has its characteristic features.

The scope of protection extends next to an energy absorption device in which, in energy absorption with respect to force (the torque in a rotation-based variant), substantially a linear characteristic curve is realized in a path-force diagram (path-torque diagram) as well to an energy absorption device which is based on the realization concept of the present invention, and due to the structural design, in addition to a substantially linear characteristic curve in a path-force diagram, also have other different non-linear characteristics.

In other words:
Under the protection area energy absorption devices are to be read, by means of which at least theoretically essentially a linear characteristic curve in a path-force diagram (path torque diagram) can be realized by the structural design, which deviating characteristic curves are included, if they are based on the present Realization concept for an energy absorption device based.

Advantageous developments of the energy absorption device according to the invention are shown in the subclaims, wherein combinations of the individual characteristics of claim are possible with each other.

The need for an energy absorption device that can be realized in the energy absorption with respect to the force, essentially a linear characteristic curve in a path-force diagram (the torque in a path-torque diagram), is of great importance in the individual applications. to the force curve on the "objects" to be protected, in particular also personal protection acts, is reliably predictable.

Especially in the field of personal protection, in particular in the field of motor vehicle technology, a linear course of the acting forces is very advantageous, since it can thus be ensured by means of predictable design behavior that the limit values permissible for humans are not exceeded. With discontinuous force profiles, such as structural cracks or by "buckling" of structural beams in the individual components of the energy absorption devices, this can easily lead to short-term unwanted break-ins and / or increases in the course of the force.

• i. im Wesentlichen ein linearer (im Sinne von konstant) Kennlinienverlauf, wie auch
• ii. ein nicht-linearer Kennlinienverlauf (im Sinne von nicht konstant, unstetig, etc.),

in einem Weg-Kraft-Diagramm realisierbar ist.The invention is based on the finding that in an energy absorption devices in the axial embodiment, by means of plastic deformation with a suitable choice of material, or material pairing in a simple manner, by a structural shaping and tuning of the individual components to each other, in the energy absorption with respect to the force .

• i. essentially a linear (in the sense of constant) characteristic curve, as well
• ii. a non-linear characteristic curve (in the sense of non-constant, unsteady, etc.),

in a path-force diagram is feasible.

• i. im Wesentlichen ein linearer (im Sinne von konstant) Kennlinienverlauf, wie auch
• ii. ein nicht-linearer Kennlinienverlauf (im Sinne von nicht konstant, unstetig, etc.),

in einem Weg-Drehmoment-Diagramm realisierbar ist.Furthermore, the invention is based on the finding that in an energy absorption devices in the radial embodiment, by means of plastic deformation with a suitable choice of material, or material pairing in a simple manner, by a structural shaping and tuning of the individual components to each other, in the energy absorption with respect to torque

• i. essentially a linear (in the sense of constant) characteristic curve, as well
• ii. a non-linear characteristic curve (in the sense of non-constant, unsteady, etc.),

in a path-torque diagram is feasible.

As can be seen from the two preceding paragraphs, both an axial embodiment, as well as a radial embodiment of the invention is possible. The differences of the two embodiments will be described later in the description 1 explained in more detail.

It should also be noted that, instead of the plastic deformation for energy absorption, as an alternative, a circling embodiment for energy absorption, both in axial and radial embodiment is also possible, in addition to a combination with plastic deformation and machining are possible. However, as the experimental results surprisingly show, the best reproducible results with predictable characteristics are achieved by means of embodiments in which the energy absorption is based on the concept of plastic deformation.

It should also be noted that it is (strictly speaking) to distinguish between a linear force characteristic curve in an axial embodiment, compared to a linear torque characteristic curve in a radial embodiment, if linearity is sought in each case, resulting in correspondingly more complex shaping and tuning of the individual components Of course, in the case of the radial embodiment, it is also possible to realize a linear force characteristic curve, for example by having one of the corresponding components in the contact region having an elliptical geometry.

For the sake of simplicity, in the description in addition to the terms "linear force curve" and "linear torque curve" also the generalized formulation "linear course" or "linear characteristic curve" is used. In a further generalization also referred to as "linear damping force" (linear in the sense of constant).

As already mentioned in the introduction / discussed, can be realized with the proposed energy absorption device according to the invention in a simple manner both substantially linear characteristic curves in a path-force diagram (path-torque diagram), as well as deviating, especially non-linear and unsteady also realize exponential characteristic curves. The nature of the resulting characteristic curve depends primarily on the shape and coordination of the individual components to each other, the possibilities are very diverse, and the characteristic nevertheless easily predictable, as well as very simple and inexpensive to implement.

• a) eine erste Komponente, sowie
• b) eine zweite Komponente, wobei,
• c) mindestens einer der beiden Komponenten zumindest über einen weiten Bereich der Komponente als Hohlkörper ausgebildet ist,
• d) um als Aufnahme für die weitere der beiden Komponenten zu wirken,
• e) sowie ferner mindestens die beiden Komponenten derart ausgebildet sind, dass eine Relativbewegung beiden Komponenten zueinander in definierter Richtung, einen Zerspanungsvorgang, und/oder eine plastische Verformung verursacht, wobei
• f) die mindestens zwei Komponenten zumindest im aufnehmenden Überlappungsbereich im wesentlichen formidentisch bzw. im wesentlichen zylindrisch ausgebildet sind und die Zerspanung, und/oder die plastische Verformung während der Energieabsorption derart erfolgt, dass
• g) die mindestens eine der mindestens zwei Komponenten eine Längsbewegung, bzw. eine Drehbewegung ausführt, wobei
• h) die Längsbewegung bzw. die Drehbewegung der einen Komponente relativ zur Anderen der beiden Komponenten erfolgt.

The basic structure of the energy absorbing device for absorbing an impact energy is as follows.
The energy absorbing device for absorbing an impact energy has, at least, or has the following properties:

• a) a first component, as well
• b) a second component, wherein
• c) at least one of the two components is designed as a hollow body at least over a wide range of the component,
• d) to act as a receptacle for the other of the two components,
• e) and further at least the two components are formed such that a relative movement causes both components to each other in a defined direction, a cutting operation, and / or a plastic deformation, wherein
• f) the at least two components are at least in the receiving overlap region substantially identical in shape or substantially cylindrical and the machining, and / or the plastic deformation takes place during the energy absorption such that
• g) the at least one of the at least two components performs a longitudinal movement, or a rotational movement, wherein
• h) the longitudinal movement or the rotational movement of the one component takes place relative to the other of the two components.

In the light of the invention, the term "receptacle" is to be understood as meaning that one of the two components has a receiving region in order to be able to partially or completely accommodate the other of the two components, as shown in the attached figures (in particular FIG of the 1 right - "rotation variant") is closer. In the 1 "Rotation variant" serves the first component ( 2 ) as a receptacle for the second component ( 3 ).

In addition to the above-mentioned features, another essential feature of the energy absorbing devices according to the invention is that the plastic deformation (deformation) or the cutting process during the energy absorption substantially / primarily takes place in the inner region of the receiving overlap region of the two mutually movable components due to at least one supernatant located there. In this case, the term "inner region" is to be understood as meaning, in particular, the region which results as a result of the surface overlap on the opposing (contacting) surfaces of the two components.

• a) Die axiale Ausführungsform zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Relativbewegung der beiden Komponenten zueinander in definierter Richtung, welche eine Zerspanung, und/oder eine plastische Verformung verursacht, eine Verkürzung der Energieabsorptionsvorrichtung in axialer Richtung gegenüber dem ursprünglichen Montagezustand zur Folge hat, bzw. dass die Relativbewegung der beiden Komponenten zueinander in definierter Richtung, welche eine Zerspanung, und/oder eine plastische Verformung verursacht, dazu führt, dass sich die Länge der Überlappung im aufnehmenden Überlappungsbereich gegenüber dem ursprünglichen Montagezustand wesentlich verändert.
• b) Die radiale Ausführungsform zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Relativbewegung der beiden Komponenten zueinander in definierter Richtung, welche eine Zerspanung, und/oder eine plastische Verformung verursacht, im Wesentlichen keine Verkürzung der Energieabsorptionsvorrichtung in axialer Richtung gegenüber dem ursprünglichen Montagezustand zur Folge hat, bzw. dass die Relativbewegung der beiden Komponenten zueinander in definierter Richtung, welche eine Zerspanung, und/oder eine plastische Verformung verursacht, nicht dazu führt, dass sich die Länge der Überlappung im aufnehmenden Überlappungsbereich gegenüber dem ursprünglichen Montagezustand wesentlich verändert.

In addition to the above-mentioned features, another essential feature of the energy absorption devices according to the invention, the manner of relative movement of the two components to each other, in which case it is fundamental to distinguish between the axial embodiment and the radial embodiment (Rotationselen):

• a) The axial embodiment is characterized in that the relative movement of the two components in a defined direction, which causes a chipping, and / or a plastic deformation, a shortening of the energy absorbing device in the axial direction relative to the original mounting state result, the relative movement of the two components relative to one another in a defined direction, which causes a chipping and / or a plastic deformation, results in the length of the overlap in the receiving overlapping area substantially changing compared to the original mounting state.
• b) The radial embodiment is characterized in that the relative movement of the two components relative to one another in a defined direction, which causes a chipping, and / or a plastic deformation results in substantially no shortening of the energy absorption device in the axial direction compared to the original mounting state, or that the relative movement of the two components relative to one another in a defined direction, which causes a chipping, and / or a plastic deformation, does not cause the length of the overlap in the receiving overlap region to change substantially with respect to the original mounting state.

• a) die mindestens zwei Komponenten zumindest im aufnehmenden Überlappungsbereich im wesentlichen zylindrisch ausgebildet sind,
• b) eine Fixierung der mindestens zwei Komponenten zueinander während des Montagevorganges derart erfolgen kann, dass
• c) mit mindestens einer der mindestens zwei Komponenten eine Drehbewegung ausgeführt werden kann, wobei
• d) die Drehbewegung der einen Komponente relativ zur Anderen der beiden Komponenten erfolgt, und hierbei
• e) die Fixierung der mindestens zwei Komponenten zueinander während des Montagevorganges, vorzugsweise mit der den Zerspanungsvorgang, und/oder vorzugsweise mit dem die plastische Verformung mit verursachenden (da in Wirkverbindung mit einer weiteren Komponente) Materialüberstand erfolgen kann.

The energy absorption device according to the invention is characterized in a further preferred embodiment by a very simple manufacturing process, in particular with regard to the composition, since the energy absorption device according to the invention consists on the one hand of relatively simple components / construction elements, as well as the other

• a) the at least two components are at least substantially cylindrical in the receiving overlap region,
• b) a fixation of the at least two components to each other during the assembly process can be carried out such that
• c) with at least one of the at least two components a rotational movement can be carried out, wherein
• d) the rotational movement of one component takes place relative to the other of the two components, and in this case
• e) the fixing of the at least two components to one another during the assembly process, preferably with the cutting operation, and / or preferably with the plastic deformation with causing (as in operative connection with another component) material supernatant can take place.

• a) der die Zerspanung, und/oder der die plastische Verformung mit verursachende Materialüberstand sich in Wirkverbindung mit mindestens einer sich verjüngenden Geometrie befindet, welche sich an einer der beiden Komponenten befindet, wobei sich eine Änderung der Dämpfungskraft als Funktion der Längenzunahme der Überlappung im aufnehmende Überlappungsbereich, bzw. als Funktion der auszuführenden Drehbewegung einstellt, und/oder
• b) der die Zerspanung, und/oder der die plastische Verformung mit verursachende Materialüberstand, eine anwachsende Geometrie aufweist und sich in Wirkverbindung mit einer korrespondierenden Geometrie befindet, wobei sich eine Änderung der Dämpfungskraft als Funktion der Längenzunahme der Überlappung im aufnehmende Überlappungsbereich, bzw. als Funktion der auszuführenden Drehbewegung einstellt.

The energy absorption device according to the invention is characterized in a further preferred embodiment in that the machining, and / or the plastic deformation with causing material supernatant, is firmly connected to one of the two components, or as a further component of the energy absorption device in the overlapping region of the two components is introduced, wherein

• a) the cutting, and / or the plastic deformation with causing material overhang is in operative connection with at least one tapered geometry, which is located on one of the two components, wherein a change in the damping force as a function of the increase in length of the overlap in the receiving Overlap area, or sets as a function of the rotational movement to be performed, and / or
• b) the cutting, and / or the plastic deformation with causing material supernatant having an increasing geometry and is in operative connection with a corresponding geometry, wherein a change in the damping force as a function of the increase in length of the overlap in the receiving overlap region, or as Sets the function of the rotary movement to be executed.

In the light of the invention, the term "corresponding geometry" is to be understood as meaning that the "material overhang", regardless of whether it is firmly connected to one of the two components or as a further component of the energy absorption device, is incorporated in the overlap region of the two components "Geometry" intervenes, or the interaction is coordinated. The "geometry" can in this case have a variety of shapes / characteristics, such as trained / executed as a groove, slot, recess, channel, groove, hole, ramp, inclined plane, wedge, etc.

The energy absorbing device according to the invention is characterized in a further preferred embodiment in that of the cutting operation, and / or the plastic deformation with causing material supernatant spherical, and / or cylindrical, and / or cylindrical, and / or frusto-conical, and / or cylindrical Conical shape, is formed, wherein the shape can also be realized such that in each case only an intersection of the aforementioned forms are used.

An intersection is always indicated / preferred to be used if the material overhang is firmly connected to one of the two components.

The invention extends next to the subject of the energy absorption device according to the invention itself, also on other objects, in particular transport media, such as. B. land and / or rail vehicles and / or elevators, which are provided with an energy absorption device according to the invention.

Furthermore, the scope of protection also extends to the use of an energy absorption device according to the invention for absorbing an impact energy, in the field of motor vehicle production, and / or in the area of the elevator construction, and / or in the area of rail-bound vehicles.

Further advantages or applications of the present invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the in the drawings / 1 to 10 illustrated embodiments, wherein combinations of the figures / the features are possible, or are included in the scope. It should be noted that the following figures are rough representations of principles which serve to illustrate the invention, wherein there is no claim to completeness, but essentially contains only the elements which are necessary to explain the invention.

In the description, in the claims, in the abstract and in the appended drawings, the terms and associated reference numerals used in the list of reference numerals recited below are used.

The invention will now be explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment with the aid of the figures, wherein in the figures primarily the principle representation is in the foreground, but no claim to scale is given (the dimensioning is not shown to scale in all respects). In the following, the same reference numerals can be used for functionally identical and / or identical elements. Show it:
The drawings show in

1 Two principle illustrations of the energy absorption device according to the invention;
As an axial embodiment and as a radial embodiment.

2 : Pictures of simple test patterns (axial embodiment).

3 : A schematic representation (detail) of the energy absorption device (axial embodiment) with deformation analysis as a function of different geometry in the overlapping area.

4 : Another principle representation (detail) of the energy absorption device according to the invention (axial embodiment) with a force characteristic curve as a function of the geometry in the overlapping region.

5 : Another principle representation (detail) of the energy absorption device according to the invention (radial embodiment).

6 Two further principle illustrations (cut-outs as sectional drawing) of the energy absorption device according to the invention (radial embodiment) with different geometry in the overlapping area.

7 : Another principle representation (detail as a sectional drawing) of the energy absorption device according to the invention (radial embodiment) with different geometry in the overlapping region.

8th : Another principle representation (detail) of the energy absorption device according to the invention (radial embodiment).

9 : Another principle representation (detail) of the energy absorption device according to the invention (radial embodiment).

10 : Some examples of use for the use of the energy absorption device according to the invention.

The 1 shows two schematic representations of the energy absorption device according to the invention. In the left half of the figure, an axial embodiment is shown. As can be seen in principle from the left-hand figure, the construction is designed such that the energies to be absorbed are introduced longitudinally (axially) or the energy-absorbing device is designed to absorb (axial) impact energies / impact energies in the direction of the longitudinal axis to be able to.

The axially acting energy absorption device according to the invention ( 1 ) consists essentially of a first component ( 2 ), a second component ( 3 ), as well as another component ( 4 ), which as material supernatant ( 4 ) and is in the forming overlap area. The as material supernatant ( 4 ) acting further component ( 4 ) is formed in this example as a ball, as these are not fixed to one of the two components ( 2 . 3 ) connected is. If, on the other hand, the material supernatant ( 4 ) acting further component ( 4 ) firmly with one of the two components ( 2 . 3 ), so instead of a full ball an intersection of a ball would be preferable.

In the right half of the figure, a radial embodiment is shown. As can be seen in principle from the right-hand figure, the construction is designed such that the energies to be absorbed are introduced in the "direction of rotation" (radially), or the energy absorption device is designed so as to generate (intermittent) thrust energy in the direction transverse to the longitudinal axis / To absorb impact energies.

The radially acting energy absorption device according to the invention ( 1 ) consists essentially of a first component ( 2 ) suitable for attachment to an object, a second component ( 3 ), as well as another component ( 4 ), which as material supernatant ( 4 ) and is in the forming overlap area. The as material supernatant ( 4 ) acting further component ( 4 ) is formed in this example as a ball, as these are not fixed to one of the two components ( 2 . 3 ) connected is. If, on the other hand, the material supernatant ( 4 ) acting further component ( 4 ) firmly with one of the two components ( 2 . 3 ), so instead of a full ball an intersection of a ball would be preferable.

Depending on the type of construction, the material supernatant ( 4 ) in all the examples shown as a further independent component, OR as a material supernatant which firmly with one of the two components ( 2 . 3 ) is executed. It should also be mentioned that in all the examples shown, depending on the application, one or more material projections ( 4 ) can be provided.

In the right half of the figure 1 It can also be seen that the first component ( 2 ) is designed as a hollow body to serve as a receptacle for the second components ( 3 ) to act. As can also be seen from the figure, the total pick-up length of the first component ( 2 ) the overlap area ( 8th ). Furthermore, the figure indicates a "geometry" ( 6 ) (angled recess), which in the assembled state with the material supernatant ( 4 ) corresponds or with the material supernatant ( 4 ) is in operative connection.

As is apparent from the right embodiment of 1 is further apparent, a locking ring is provided, which in this example as a Seeger ring ( 5 ) and has the function, the first component ( 2 ) and the second component ( 3 ) after assembly so that the first component ( 2 ) and the second component ( 3 ) not without can solve themselves independently from each other.

As an alternative to this type of fixation, a further method is conceivable for the first component ( 2 ) and the second component ( 3 ) after assembly. For this purpose, inside the first component ( 2 ) hinted at a "geometry" ( 6 ), which are in the assembled state in operative connection with the material supernatant ( 4 ) to determine the characteristics of the damper characteristics. Will the second component ( 3 ) after the process of assembling with the first component ( 2 ) slightly rotated, so the material protrusion engages behind ( 4 ) the "geometry" ( 6 ) (in this example an angled depression) in the angled start of the later "work area" so that the two components ( 2 . 3 ) are secured against unintentional loosening (this concept is easily understandable if, in the simplest embodiment, one imagines that the material supernatant ( 4 ) with the second component ( 3 ) is firmly connected). This type of mutual fixation of the first component ( 2 ) with the second component ( 3 ) can be easily transferred from the concept of a radial embodiment to an axial embodiment, provided that in the axial embodiment, the components to be fixed ( 2 . 3 ) are cylindrical.

The 2 shows images of simple test patterns (axial embodiment), which were constructed as a prototype for experimental purposes.

The 4 pictures each show the first component ( 2 ) in these deformations ( 6.1 ) can be seen in the form of "grooves" which have resulted from absorption. As the two left-hand images show, the first component ( 2 ) as a receptacle for the second component ( 3 ), wherein the respective material supernatant ( 4 ) in the form of several balls with the first component ( 2 ) in the assembled state is operatively connected / comes to the active compound.

The 3 shows a schematic representation (a detail) of the energy absorption device according to the invention (axial embodiment) with deformation analysis as a function of different geometry in the overlapping region.

The left of the two principle diagrams shows how the forces F1 'and F1''act on the energy absorption device. Furthermore, from the left principle representation the first component ( 2 ), the second component ( 3 ), as well as the material supernatant ( 4 ) in the form of a separate ball. As can also be seen from the illustration, the "geometry" has a constant shape ( 11.0 ) / a constant course ( 11.0 ), so that as a result a constant force ( 7.0 ) / a constant line of force ( 7.0 ) sets itself in a path-force diagram. Furthermore, from the left-hand illustration, the course of the absorbed energy ( 9 ), as a function of the way ( 10 ) / the length of the crumple zone ( 10 ), as well as the deformed area ( 6.1 ) on the "geometry" of the first component ( 2 to see).

The right of the two principle diagrams shows how the forces F1 'and F1''act on the energy absorption device. Furthermore, from the right-hand principle representation, the first component ( 2 ), the second component ( 3 ), as well as the material supernatant ( 4 ) in the form of a separate ball. As can also be seen from the illustration, the "geometry" has an increasing shape ( 11.1 ) / a rising course ( 11.1 ), so that as a result an increasing force ( 7.1 ) / an increasing line of force ( 7.1 ) sets itself in a path-force diagram. Furthermore, from the right-hand illustration the course of the absorbed energy ( 9 ), as a function of the way ( 10 ) / the length of the crumple zone ( 10 ), as well as the deformed area ( 6.1 ) on the "geometry" of the first component ( 2 see).

It should be noted that the terms "growing geometry" ( 11.1 ) and "tapered geometry" ( 11.2 ) depend on the point of view and are to be interpreted accordingly in the scope of protection. From the perspective of the material supernatant ( 4 ) of the ball, or in the direction of movement of the components ( 2 . 3 ), the "geometry" of the first component ( 2 ) an increasing form ( 11.1 ) / a rising course ( 11.1 ), whereas from the left-hand side view, the "geometry" of the first component ( 2 ) a "rejuvenating shape" ( 11.2 ) / a "rejuvenating course" ( 11.2 ).

The 4 shows a further principle illustration (a section) of the energy absorption device according to the invention (axial embodiment) with a force characteristic curve as a function of the "geometry" in the overlapping area (FIG. 8th ).

The principle diagram shows how the forces F1 'and F1''act on the energy absorption device. Furthermore, from the principle representation, the first component ( 2 ), the second component ( 3 ), as well as the material supernatant ( 4 ) in the form of a separate ball. As can be further seen from the illustration, the "geometry" initially has an increasing shape ( 11.1 ) / initially a rising course ( 11.1 ), so that as a result an increasing force ( 7.1 ) / an increasing line of force ( 7.1 ) sets itself in a path-force diagram. As can further be seen from the illustration, the "geometry" subsequently has a tapering shape ( 11.2 ) / following one tapered course ( 11.2 ), so that as a result an arising force ( 7.1 ) / a sloping line of force ( 7.2 ) sets itself in a path-force diagram.

Furthermore, the principle representation shows the already deformed region ( 6.1 ) on the "geometry" of the first component ( 2 ).

The 5 shows a further schematic representation (a section) of the energy absorption device according to the invention (radial embodiment).

The radially acting energy absorption device according to the invention ( 1 ) consists essentially of a first component ( 2 ), a second component ( 3 ), as well as another component ( 4 ), which acts as a material supernatant and is in the forming overlap area. The as material supernatant ( 4 ) acting further component ( 4 ) is formed in this example as a ball, as these are not fixed to one of the two components ( 2 . 3 ) connected is. If, on the other hand, the material supernatant ( 4 ) acting further component ( 4 ) firmly with one of the two components ( 2 . 3 ), so instead of a full ball an intersection of a ball would be preferable.

As can be seen from the figure, here comes a lever arm ( 12 ) to the effect which the introduced force (Fx) has on the second component ( 3 ) transmits to a rotational movement of the second component ( 3 ) compared to the first component ( 2 ) to effect. When calculating the characteristic / parameter / of the torque characteristic curve of the energy absorption device, it should be noted here that the force introduced is angle-dependent, or, according to mathematical / physical laws, attenuated.

The 6 shows two more schematic representations (two sections as a sectional drawing) of the energy absorption device according to the invention (radial embodiment) with different "geometry" in the overlapping area.

These 6 shows in principle comparable to 3 , two detailed illustrations of the energy absorption device according to the invention with the components ( 2 . 3 . 4 ), where the left-hand representation has a constant torque curve (due to constant geometry ( 11.0 )), whereas the right-hand representation has an increasing / increasing torque curve, which is characterized by the rising "geometry" (FIG. 11.1 ) (depending on the consideration also rejuvenating "geometry" ( 11.1 )). The axis of rotation ( 3.1 ) of the second component is in the middle.

The 7 shows a further principle representation (a detail as a sectional drawing) of the energy absorption device according to the invention (radial embodiment) with different "geometry" in the overlapping region.

These 7 shows similar to the right representation of 6 , a detailed representation of the energy absorption device according to the invention with the components ( 2 . 3 . 4 ), wherein the energy absorbing device has an increasing / increasing torque curve, which by the increasing "geometry" ( 11.1 ) (depending on the consideration also rejuvenating "geometry" ( 11.1 )). Diverge to the right representation of the 6 , Is at the 7 the material supernatant ( 4 ) as an integral part of the second component ( 3 ), and also has an increasing geometry, and in operative connection with a corresponding geometry ( 11.1 ), and thus sets a change in the damping force, as a function of the rotational movement to be performed. The 7a represents a special or preferred embodiment, which is designed as an eccentric shape, so that this eccentric shape in itself already as material supernatant ( 4 ) acts.

The 8th shows a further schematic representation (a section) of the energy absorption device according to the invention (radial embodiment).

The 8th shows similar to the right representation of 1 an energy absorption device according to the invention with the components ( 2 . 3 . 4 ), where the "geometry" ( 6 ), which in the majority in the first component ( 2 ) and the second component ( 3 ), are better visible.

The 9 shows a further schematic representation (a section) of the energy absorption device according to the invention (radial embodiment).

The 9 shows similar to the right representation of 1 an energy absorption device according to the invention with the components ( 2 . 3 . 4 ), where the "geometry" ( 6 ), which in the majority in the first component ( 2 ) and the second component ( 3 ), are better visible. As can also be seen from the figure, the "geometry" ( 6 ) in the second component ( 3 ) has an angled shape.

The 10 shows some examples of use for the use of the energy absorption device according to the invention, for example, in the axial embodiment as a bumper or buffers in rail-bound vehicles / rail vehicles, or in the axial embodiment as Shock absorbers for lifts. As a further example, the figure shows a crumple zone solution or underrun protection in trucks, with a solution in a radial embodiment being offered here (the underride guard is rotatably mounted on the structure of the motor vehicle with a lever arm for this purpose). This principle is also suitable for a side underrun protection, since the shown radial embodiment (compared to the axial embodiment) only a small way / space in the direction of the impact direction / direction of action needed.

A preferred embodiment of the invention / the proposed energy absorption device according to the invention, or the prototype of the energy absorption device according to the invention, additionally described again with a few other words, the technical features are also transferable to the embodiments described above:
The proposed energy absorption device according to the invention converts the impact energy / impact energy into a plastic deformation / deformation of the outer and / or inner hollow cylinder by means of "intermediate elements" or a material supernatant. Of course, the materials and their properties must be adjusted so that the deformation or the cutting takes place on one or both cylinders, not on the "intermediate elements" or the material overhangs (the material overhang must be harder / more resistant than that deforming / "processing" unit.)

In the present prototype (attached images according to 2 ), the design was designed such that the deformation is only performed on the outer cylinder, and a standard bearing ball (cheap, hard and with an optimal geometry) is used. The effect / course of the force depends on the "geometry", in particular on the depth of the milling in the outer cylinder and the properties of the materials.

The present prototype was made of steel S235JRG2 ( RSt37-2 according to DIN ) and the size of the deformation was adapted to the performance of the meter (the press) (in the present case 100 kN max.).

In principle, the material projections in the form may be almost arbitrary, but the ball used has certain advantages, or is ideally considered for this application. The force / force curve may be introduced through the depth of the "geometry" (guide / groove) in one or both of the cylinders. The choice of the materials used depends on the application (from plastic, eg: PP to steel), as well as the number of material overhangs (eg balls). The construction does not necessarily have to be symmetrical.

In the 3 the theoretical characteristics for constant and a changing "depth" of the sphere were shown. In principle, the larger the displacement / crumple zone / effective length, the greater / longer the "geometry" (infeed, channel course) in the outer (and / or inner) cylinder. All of these rules work even if you replace the shift by the rotation. In the 6 and 7 Examples have been shown in which the effect of the absorber / the energy absorption device according to the invention is based on a rotational movement. In the radial embodiment, it is also possible as a preferred embodiment (as in 7a shown by the principle) that the first and second components ( 2 . 3 ) with a (slight) eccentric shape, so that this eccentric shape of the second component ( 3 ) in itself already as material supernatant ( 4 ) acts.

• a) Einfache und zuverlässige Konstruktion
• b) Einfaches Berechnungsmodell
• c) Wirkung ist unabhängig von der Stoßgeschwindigkeit/Aufprallgeschwindigkeit
• d) Beliebige Anpassungsmöglichkeit der Charakteristik/des Kraftverlaufs
• e) Großer Bereich der absorbierenden Energie (von kJoul bis MJoul)
• f) Kleine Abmessungen

As already mentioned in part above, the energy absorption device according to the invention is characterized by the following properties:

• a) Simple and reliable construction
• b) Simple calculation model
• c) effect is independent of the impact speed / impact velocity
• d) Any customization of the characteristic / force curve
• e) Large range of absorbing energy (from kJoul to MJoul)
• f) Small dimensions

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

The energy absorbing device

2

First component

3

Second component

3.1

Axis of rotation of the second component ( 3 )

4

Material overhang, further component OR material overhang of a component

5

Seeger ring

6

"Geometry" (executed as a groove, slot, depression, channel, groove, bore, ramp, inclined plane, wedge, etc.)

6.1

Deformed area (chipped area) on the geometry

7.0

Constant force / constant line of force

7.1

Rising force / rising force line course

7.2

Falling force / falling line of force

8th

Overlapping area / overlap area

9

Absorbed energy

10

Distance / length of the crumple zone

11.0

Constant "geometry" ( 6 )

11.1

Growing "geometry" ( 6 )

11.2

Rejuvenating "geometry" ( 6 )

12

lever arm

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 202007006376 U1 [0009]
• DE 202010017769 U1 [0011]
• DE 202011112393 A1 [0013]
• DE 102011118327 A1 [0015]

Cited non-patent literature

• RSt37-2 according to DIN [0088]

Claims (10)

Energy absorption device ( 1 ) for absorbing an impact energy, comprising at least a) a first component ( 2 ), and b) a second component ( 3 ), wherein, c) at least one of the two components ( 2 ) is formed at least over a wide range of the component as a hollow body, d) as a receptacle for the further of the two components ( 3 ) e) as well as at least the two components ( 2 . 3 ) are formed such that a relative movement causes both components to one another in a defined direction, a cutting operation, and / or a plastic deformation, characterized in that f) the at least two components ( 2 . 3 ) at least in the receiving overlap area ( 8th g) the at least one of the at least two components performs a longitudinal movement, wherein h) the longitudinal movement of one component takes place relative to the other of the two components, and i) the plastic deformation during energy absorption primarily in the interior of the receiving overlap region ( 8th ) as a result of at least one material supernatant ( 4 ) and j) through the design and coordination of the individual components ( 2 . 3 . 4 ) to each other, in the energy absorption with respect to the force, i. essentially a linear characteristic curve ( 7.0 ), as well as ii. a non-linear characteristic curve ( 7.1 . 7.2 ), in a path-force diagram is feasible. Energy absorption device ( 1 ) for absorbing an impact energy, comprising at least a) a first component ( 2 ), and b) a second component ( 3 ), wherein, c) at least one of the two components ( 2 ) is formed at least over a wide range of the component as a hollow body, d) as a receptacle for the further of the two components ( 3 ) e) as well as at least the two components ( 2 . 3 ) are formed such that a relative movement causes both components to one another in a defined direction, a cutting operation, and / or a plastic deformation, characterized in that f) the at least two components ( 2 . 3 ) at least in the receiving overlap area ( 8th ) are formed substantially in an identical shape and the cutting takes place during the energy absorption such that g) the at least one of the at least two components performs a longitudinal movement, wherein h) the longitudinal movement of one component relative to the other of the two components takes place, and i) the cutting during energy absorption primarily in the interior of the receiving overlap region ( 8th ) as a result of at least one material supernatant ( 4 ) and j) through the design and coordination of the individual components ( 2 . 3 . 4 ) to each other, in the energy absorption with respect to the force, i. essentially a linear characteristic curve ( 7.0 ), as well as ii. a non-linear characteristic curve ( 7.1 . 7.2 ), in a path-force diagram is feasible. Energy absorption device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the relative movement of the two components ( 2 . 3 ) to each other in a defined direction, which causes a chipping, and / or a plastic deformation, a shortening of the energy absorption device ( 1 ) in the axial direction relative to the original mounting state result. Energy absorption device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the relative movement of the two components ( 2 . 3 ) in a defined direction, which causes a chipping, and / or a plastic deformation, leads to the length of the overlap in the receiving overlap region ( 8th ) changed significantly compared to the original mounting state. Energy absorption device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the chipping, and / or the plastic deformation with causing material supernatant ( 4 ), fixed to one of the two components ( 2 . 3 ) or as a further component of the energy absorption device ( 1 ), in the overlapping area ( 8th ) of the two components is introduced. Energy absorption device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the chipping, and / or the plastic deformation with causing material supernatant ( 4 ) in operative connection with at least one tapered geometry ( 11.2 ) located on at least one of the two components ( 2 . 3 ), wherein a change in the damping force as a function of the increase in length of the overlap in the receiving overlap region (FIG. 8th ). Energy absorption device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the chipping, and / or the plastic deformation with causing material supernatant ( 4 ), a growing geometry ( 11.1 ) and in operative connection with a corresponding geometry ( 6 ), wherein a change in the damping force as a function of the increase in length of the overlap in the receiving overlap region (FIG. 8th ). Energy absorption device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the of the machining, and / or the plastic deformation with causing material supernatant ( 4 ) is spherical, and / or cylindrical, and / or cylindrical, and / or frusto-conical, and / or cylindrical with cone-shaped, is formed, wherein the molding can also be realized such that in each case only an intersection of the aforementioned forms for use reach. An article, in particular transport media, such as land and / or rail vehicles and / or elevators, provided with an energy absorption device ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 8. Use of an energy absorption device ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 8 for absorbing an impact energy, in the field of motor vehicle production, and / or in the area of the elevator construction, and / or in the area of the rail-bound vehicles.

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