DE102012219571A1 - Photovoltaic module for use with mark e.g. logo, on glass covering during manufacturing contention products, has solar cell arranged between two coverings in buried layer, and stable mark provided in first covering region over solar cell - Google Patents

Abstract

The module (100) has a solar cell (105) arranged between two coverings (111, 112) e.g. plastic cover or glass covering, in a buried layer (107). A stable mark is provided in a region of the first covering over the solar cell. An embossing structure is provided with the mark. The first covering is provided with an anti-reflection layer and a mark forming structure. A transparent layer is arranged on the first covering. The coverings are made from transparent plastic and/or polymer material. An independent claim is also included for a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module.

Description

The present invention relates to a photovoltaic module having a stable marking. The invention further relates to methods for producing a photovoltaic module with a marking.

Solar cells are used to convert electromagnetic radiation energy, in particular sunlight, into electrical energy. The energy conversion is based on the absorption of radiation in a solar cell, which generates positive and negative charge carriers ("electron-hole pairs"). The generated free charge carriers are further separated to be derived to separate contacts.

In a conventional photovoltaic module, several solar cells operating according to this principle are interconnected. The solar cells are located between a front and a back cover, and are arranged in a transparent embedding layer. As a rule, this structure is surrounded by a frame. The front cover, which faces the light radiation during operation of the photovoltaic module and via which the transmission of the light radiation to the embedded solar cells takes place, is usually a transparent glass cover. The back cover can be realized in the form of a plastic film.

In order to distinguish photovoltaic modules of a manufacturer compared to competing products, it is endeavored to provide the photovoltaic modules with a marker, such as a brand name or a logo. For this purpose, stickers can be used, which can be applied to the glass cover, the frame or the back of photovoltaic modules.

However, stickers may peel off the photovoltaic modules over time, for example due to weather conditions, so that no permanent marking can be achieved. Also, a forgery-proof marking is not possible because stickers can be removed manually. In addition, stickers may be small in size, making the markings in question poorly visible. A small size is chosen, for example, in the case of gluing in the region of a module front side in order not to impair the transmission of light radiation or only minimally.

The object of the present invention is to provide a solution for an improved marking of a photovoltaic module.

This object is solved by the features of the independent claims. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

According to the invention, a photovoltaic module is proposed which has a first cover, a second cover and at least one solar cell. The at least one solar cell is disposed between the first and second covers in an embedding layer. The photovoltaic module further has a resistant mark in the region of the first cover.

The design of the photovoltaic module with the permanent marking offers the possibility to mark the photovoltaic module in a durable, safe and reliable manner. The property "resistant" in this case means that the marking is resistant to environmental influences and can not be removed from the photovoltaic module without a greater outlay, in particular without damaging or damaging the photovoltaic module. As a result, the tag may further enable tamper-proof marking of the photovoltaic module. For example, a brand name, logo, or other pattern may be considered as a marker.

It can be provided that the marking is arranged at least partially over the at least one solar cell or at least partially overlap the marking and the at least one solar cell. If appropriate, a configuration is also conceivable in which the marking is not arranged above the at least one solar cell.

The first cover, in the area of which the marking is provided, may be a front-side transparent cover of the photovoltaic module. In this case, the marking can be designed to be transparent or substantially transparent, so that the transmission of light radiation taking place via the front-side cover is subject to no change or only a minimal change despite the marking.

Furthermore, the marking can be relatively large in area, and therefore formed to be visible from afar. As a result, the mark can be well recognized even after installation of the photovoltaic module on a roof.

It is also possible that the first cover, in the region of which the marking is provided, is a back cover of the photovoltaic module. In addition, there is the possibility that the photovoltaic module on both sides, ie both in the area of the first and in the Region of the second cover each having a mark.

It can also be provided to produce the marking without a complicated additional step and without the use of new materials in the context of the production of the photovoltaic module. These advantages, as well as the aspects mentioned above, can be realized in particular with the embodiments described below.

In a preferred embodiment, the first cover is a plastic cover having an embossing structure for forming the marker. The embossed structure, by means of which the marking can be clearly reproduced, can not only be limited to the plastic cover, but can additionally also extend into the region of the embedding layer. The formation of the embossed structure can take place in a lamination process carried out during the production of the photovoltaic module, and therefore without an additional process step. The embossed plastic cover may be transparent, and thereby a front cover. Alternatively, the embossed plastic cover may be a back cover.

In a further preferred embodiment, the first cover has an antireflection layer with a structure for forming the marking. Here, the first cover may be a front-side transparent cover, for example a glass cover, which is coated with the antireflection layer. With the aid of the antireflection layer, the reflection of light radiation at the first cover can be reduced or suppressed, thereby improving the transmission of the light radiation. The marking-representing structure of the antireflection layer may comprise, for example, one or more recessed areas on the first cover, or areas of different layer thicknesses. As a result, there may be a changed optical appearance for reproducing the mark at certain points. The optical differences can only be limited locally, whereby the overall performance of the photovoltaic module can be affected only slightly.

In a further preferred embodiment, the photovoltaic module has a layer which is arranged on the first cover and is substantially transparent for forming the marking. The layer causes the first cover to have different optical properties in the area of the layer and outside the area of the layer. In this embodiment, the first cover may be a front-side transparent cover, for example a glass cover, which may additionally be formed with an antireflection layer. The substantially transparent layer arranged thereon can locally produce a changed optical appearance of the first cover, as a result of which the marking can be reproduced. This can be done without significant absorption of light radiation, and thereby without significantly affecting the overall performance of the photovoltaic module.

In a further preferred embodiment, the first cover is a glass cover, which has a structure formed by embossing, sandblasting or etching to form the marking. Similarly, the structure formed by embossing, sandblasting or etching may locally produce a changed optical appearance of the first cover. This can be done with a possible use of the glass cover as the front cover of the photovoltaic module, without significantly affecting the overall performance of the photovoltaic module. The glass cover can additionally be coated with an antireflection coating.

Furthermore, methods for producing a photovoltaic module with a marking are proposed, which will be discussed in more detail below. The marking may in particular be durable, so that a permanent and safe or tamper-proof marking of the photovoltaic module is possible. Also, the mark can be generated over a large area and thus easily visible. Furthermore, the processes can be carried out without complex additional process steps and without the use of new materials which deviate from conventional materials used in the photovoltaic sector.

In the case of the different methods in which a photovoltaic module is produced with at least one solar cell, the mark formed in each case can be arranged at least partially over the at least one solar cell. The solar cell and the marking may overlap or overlap at least partially. Optionally, an embodiment without such overlap is conceivable.

According to the invention, a method for producing a photovoltaic module is proposed. In the method, at least one solar cell is arranged between a first and a second cover in an embedding layer. Arranging the at least one solar cell comprises performing a lamination process. In the method, a mark is further formed in the region of the first cover.

In a preferred embodiment, the first cover is a plastic cover. Furthermore, the marking is formed by forming an embossed pattern in the lamination process.

This embodiment of the method is based on simultaneously using the lamination process that is usually carried out during module production to produce an embossed structure. Embossing can thus take place without an additional process step. In the lamination process, an embedding material, which forms the embedding layer in the finished photovoltaic module, is melted. Therefore, when using a corresponding embossing element, a marking reproducing structure over or through the plastic cover are embossed in the embedding material. The embossing structure present in this way in the area of the plastic cover extends into the embedding layer.

The plastic cover may be in the form of a film of a soft or deformable plastic material, which is not melted in the lamination process. On the other hand, the other cover may be formed of a hard material such as glass, ceramics, a composite material, etc. For lamination, the two covers, between which the at least one solar cell, and between the covers and the solar cell layers of the embedding material, are stacked in the form of a stack. In lamination, the stack is compressed and heated so that the layers of potting material can melt and fill all areas between the covers. The embedding material additionally hardens, whereby the embedding layer is formed. In this process, the plastic cover may be disposed at the top of the stack to be laminated. During lamination, the stamping element is pressed against the plastic cover. The stamping element may be formed as a separate element, which is arranged on the plastic cover before the lamination. Alternatively, a component of a laminator used for laminating, for example a cover strip, may have an integrated embossing mold for pressing against the plastic cover.

In a further preferred embodiment, the first cover or plastic cover is a front cover of the photovoltaic module. This is therefore formed of a transparent plastic material. A preferred material is ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), which is characterized by a high insensitivity to weathering and UV radiation.

In a further preferred embodiment, the embossed structure is formed with a regular embossing pattern. The regular embossing pattern is omitted in the area of the actual marking. This embodiment is based on that a plastic cover, in particular a foil of, for example, ETFE, after lamination, can exhibit an irregular appearance in the form of throws and folds. The presence of such an unsightly appearance can be prevented by forming a regular embossing pattern, which can have regularly arranged structural elements in the form of elevations or depressions. The marking encompassed by the embossing structure may be provided within the regular embossing pattern and surrounded by the structural elements of the embossing pattern. The marking may be formed, for example, in the form of planar regions which are at the same height as depressions (or their deepest points) of the regular embossing pattern.

In a further preferred embodiment, the embossing structure is formed only in the region of the marking. This embodiment may be considered in the case that the lamination does not result in an irregular appearance of the plastic cover. The marking may be formed, for example, in the form of recessed relative to the remaining surface of the plastic cover flat areas.

The first cover or plastic cover may alternatively be a back cover. This can be formed in the same way with an embossed structure.

According to the invention, a further method for producing a photovoltaic module is proposed. In the method, at least one solar cell is arranged between a first and a second cover in an embedding layer. On the first cover, an antireflection layer is formed, which has a structure for forming a mark.

The first cover provided with the mark may be a front and antireflection coated glass cover. The antireflection layer serves to suppress the reflection of light radiation on the first cover, so that an improved transmission can be achieved. The method is based on forming the antireflective layer with a suitable structure by which the first cover locally or in one or more defined areas has an altered optical appearance representing the marking. The visual differences can only be local be limited, so that the overall performance of the photovoltaic module is thereby affected only insignificantly.

In a preferred embodiment, the antireflection layer is formed such that the first cover in the region of the marking is not coated by the antireflection layer. At an uncoated location, the first cover has a (slightly) increased reflectance or reduced transmittance relative to a coated site. The marking may possibly be poorly visible in this embodiment, when viewed vertically, since the small losses or differences are visually barely perceptible. On an oblique view, however, the marking can be clearly visible, as a result of which the marking is easy to recognize, especially in the case of a roof installation of the photovoltaic module.

It can be provided to provide the first cover with the structured antireflection coating before the embedding or lamination of the at least one solar cell is carried out. For this purpose, a suitable material for forming the antireflection layer can be applied to a surface of the first cover, wherein a direct coating of the first cover is prevented at certain points via a previously formed masking (masking layer or adhesion-reducing layer). The masking may subsequently be removed, including the optional anti-reflective layer material thereon, thereby exposing the first cover at those locations.

By way of example, the antireflection layer may be a porous or nanoporous antireflection layer, which is solidified after application to the first cover by carrying out a temperature process. In the temperature process, the masking can be resolved or removed. Alternatively, the antireflection layer may be non-porous, wherein removal of the mask for local exposure of the first cover can also be carried out in a suitable manner.

In addition, it may be considered to first provide the first cover with a flat unstructured antireflection coating, which is patterned before, or even after the embedding of the at least one solar cell in a suitable manner, for example by sandblasting or etching.

In a further preferred embodiment, the antireflection layer is formed in such a way that the antireflection layer has different layer thicknesses in the region of the marking and outside the region of the marking. In this embodiment, which may be provided in particular for a non-porous antireflection layer, different interference color effects can be produced with the aid of the different layer thicknesses, by means of which the marking becomes clearly recognizable. This embodiment can be realized, for example, in that in a first step on a surface of the first cover, the antireflection coating is applied only locally or at specific locations, and in a second step, a large-area application takes place.

According to the invention, a further method for producing a photovoltaic module is proposed. In the method, at least one solar cell is arranged between a first and a second cover in an embedding layer. Furthermore, a transparent or substantially transparent layer for forming a marking is applied to the first cover, whereby the first cover has different optical properties in the area of the layer and outside the area of the layer.

The (substantially) transparent layer, which can be produced with a supervisory shape or contour corresponding to the marking, can be arranged on the first cover before or even after the embedding of the at least one solar cell. The first cover may be a front-side transparent cover, for example a glass cover, which optionally has an antireflection coating. The transparent layer arranged thereon is preferably designed such that no substantial absorption of light radiation takes place.

This can be achieved by a small layer thickness and / or the use of a transparent layer material. In particular, transparent materials having a refractive index which deviates from the refractive index of the surface of the first cover or of the antireflection coating may be considered, so that a locally changed reflection behavior is present. The layer material is furthermore preferably resistant to abrasion and insensitive to the effects of weathering and UV radiation, and preferably can be applied by a printing process. A layer material offering these advantages is, for example, silicone.

In a further preferred embodiment, the first cover is formed with a porous antireflection coating. The application of the (essentially) transparent layer results in the filling of pores of the antireflection layer, so that the antireflection layer has different reflection properties in the area of the layer and outside the area of the layer. By filling the pores, the antireflection effect can be canceled, whereby the thus reproduced mark is clearly visible, especially when viewed obliquely.

According to the invention, a further method for producing a photovoltaic module is proposed. In the method, at least one solar cell is arranged between a first and a second cover in an embedding layer. The first cover is a glass cover. Further, the first cover is formed by embossing, sandblasting, or etching with a mark forming structure.

The glass cover may be a front cover of the photovoltaic module, which may additionally be formed with an antireflection layer. Embossing can be realized, for example, by carrying out a rolling process during the production of the glass cover, the rolls used having corresponding shaping structures on the circumference. The sandblasting or etching can be done before or after embedding the at least one solar cell. Furthermore, sandblasting or etching may be done before or after applying an antireflection coating to the glass cover.

The above-described features and / or reproduced in the dependent claims advantageous refinements and developments of the invention can - except for example in cases of clear dependencies or incompatible alternatives - individually or in any combination with each other are used.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the schematic figures. Show it:

1 a side view of a photovoltaic module;

2 a flow chart with steps for producing a photovoltaic module;

3 and 4 the use of a laminator in the manufacture of a photovoltaic module;

5 the use of a separate embossing mold during lamination;

6 the use of an embossing mold integrated in a cover band of the laminator during lamination;

7 and 8th a top view and a side view of a laminate of a photovoltaic module, comprising an embossing structure for forming a mark;

9 and 10 a top view and a side view of a laminate of a photovoltaic module, comprising a further embossing pattern for forming a mark;

11 to 14 the production of a cover of a photovoltaic module with a structured anti-reflection layer for forming a marking, based on top views and side views;

15 and 16 the production of a cover of a photovoltaic module with an antireflection layer with different layer thicknesses to form a marking, each in a side view;

17 and 18 a top view and a side view of a cover of a photovoltaic module with an anti-reflection layer and a transparent layer on the anti-reflection layer to form a mark;

19 a side view of a cover of a photovoltaic module with a porous antireflection layer and a transparent layer thereon for forming a mark, wherein the layer pores of the antireflection layer are filled;

20 and 21 a plan view and a side view of a cover of a photovoltaic module with an embossed structure to form a mark; and

22 a side view of a cover of a photovoltaic module with a generated by sandblasting structure to form a mark.

On the basis of the following figures, different methods are described, a photovoltaic module 100 with a marker 101 manufacture. As part of the manufacturing known processes can be carried out from the production of solar cells and the module production as well as common materials are used, so that it is only partially discussed. In addition to illustrated and described processes, it is also possible for further method steps to complete a photovoltaic module 100 be performed. In the same way, in addition to structures shown and described further structures, structural elements and / or layers may be provided. It is further noted that the figures are not to scale, so here shown components and structures for better understanding may be exaggerated large or small.

The generated marks 101 can be characterized by a high resistance, for example to environmental influences, and by a high degree of protection against counterfeiting. A removal of the respective mark 101 is therefore not possible without a major or unreasonable effort, in particular not without a photovoltaic module 100 thereby damaging or impairing. As a marker 101 Any desired shapes and structures, logos, texts such as a brand name, or even combinations of such embodiments may be considered. In the figures, as a possible example, the brand name "SolarWorld" is mainly shown (cf., for example 7 ).

The marks 101 , which may be provided in the region of a module front side, and possibly also in the region of a module rear side, can be formed extending over a large surface area. This is the markings 101 even at a greater distance still clearly visible. In this regard, an at least partial overlap or overlap between the respective markings 101 and one, several or all solar cells of a module 100 available. The marks 101 can furthermore be made transparent or essentially transparent, so that in the case of a front-side embodiment substantially no or a negligible reduction in the transmission of light radiation, and thus impairment of the overall performance of a photovoltaic module 100 , is present. Other advantages are that the formation of the markings 101 can be performed without costly additional steps and without the use of new materials, which differ from conventional materials used in the module area.

1 shows a side sectional view of a photovoltaic module 100 , The photovoltaic module 100 , which also serves as a solar module 100 can be designated, has a number of electrically interconnected solar cells 105 on. The solar cells 105 , which may be common silicon solar cells, are between two covers 111 . 112 in a transparent embedding layer 107 embedded. The embedding layer 107 For example, it may be formed of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) or silicone. At the edge, the photovoltaic module points 100 a frame 109 on which the covers 111 . 112 and the embedding layer 107 encloses. The frame can be like in 1 shown, for example, have an L-shaped profile.

The cover 111 forms a front, and the cover 112 forms a back side of the photovoltaic module 100 , The front cover 111 is transparent or permeable to radiation. In this way, during operation of the photovoltaic module 100 in which the photovoltaic module 100 with the front side (sunny side) facing a light radiation (sunlight), the light radiation over the cover 111 to the embedded solar cells 105 be transmitted. Part of the light radiation can be from the solar cells 105 absorbed and converted into electrical energy.

The front cover 111 For example, it may be realized in the form of a glass cover with an antireflection coating. However, it is also possible an embodiment as a film-shaped plastic cover. The back cover 112 may also be formed of a glass material, a plastic material, or for example a ceramic material or a composite material. Possible embodiments will be described in more detail below.

In addition to the in 1 shown components has the photovoltaic module 100 other ingredients not shown. These include, for example, contact elements, via which the solar cells 105 are electrically connected to each other, and which also in the embedding layer 107 are arranged. These may be cell connectors and cross connectors. Another component not shown is one on the back cover 112 arranged junction box for contacting the photovoltaic module 100 ,

2 shows a flowchart in which steps for the production of the photovoltaic module 100 are summarized.

In the process, in a first step 201 Components of the photovoltaic module 100 , in particular the solar cells 105 and the two covers 111 . 112 , provided. In a further step 202 an assembly of these components takes place. At the step 202 the solar cells are connected 105 via the contact elements, for example by soldering, and a lamination process for producing a laminate is performed. The laminate includes those in the embedding layer 107 between the two covers 111 . 112 arranged solar cells 105 , The lamination process will be described below with reference to FIGS 3 and 4 explained. In the step 202 can also attach the frame 109 on the laminate, and attaching the junction box are performed.

As part of the manufacturing process is also a mark 101 for identifying the photovoltaic module 100 formed, which in both the front cover 111 as well as in the area of the back cover 112 may be provided (not shown in 1 ). Forming the mark 101 can in the context of the step 201 That is, in the provision of the module components, or in the context of the step 202 , So in the module assembly or when laminating done. As in 2 on the basis of another step 203 may be indicated, the forming of the mark 101 also only after module assembly, ie when the already essentially finished module is present 100 , respectively.

Different methods for forming the mark 101 will be described further below. In this case, details and aspects which are mentioned in relation to one embodiment may also be used in another of the embodiments described and shown. The following is first on the in the context of the step 202 performed lamination discussed in more detail.

In the lamination process comes in the 3 and 4 schematically shown laminator 210 for use. The laminator 210 has a lower housing part 221 and an upper housing part 211 , hereinafter referred to as a lid 211 referred to. Both housing parts 211 . 221 each surround a corresponding interior 212 . 222 , hereinafter referred to as chamber 212 . 222 designated. On the lid 211 is a membrane 215 arranged, which is used in the lamination process for pressing. To the membrane 215 To protect this is also in this area a cover band 217 intended. On the lower housing part 221 is a heating device 225 arranged, which is used in the lamination process for heating. The heating device 225 can be designed as a hot plate. In the area of the lower housing part 221 In addition, there is a transport belt used for transporting 227 ,

Before the actual lamination, the module components to be joined are in the form of a stack 240 arranged one above the other. The stack 240 will, as in 3 shown with the laminator open 210 on the conveyor belt 227 lying in an area of the laminator 210 over the heater 225 positioned. Here is the chamber 212 of the lid 211 evacuated, causing the membrane 215 on the lid 211 is applied. The in 3 only schematically indicated stack 240 includes the two covers 111 . 112 , between a layer of solar cells connected via contact elements (cell connector, cross connector) 105 , and between the covers 111 . 112 and the solar cells 105 a sheet of embedding material (for example, EVA) for forming the embedding layer 107 ,

The following is the laminator 210 closed, as in 4 shown, and it gets air in the chamber 222 of the lower housing part 221 pumped out. This process can also remove air from the stack 240 escape. Furthermore, the chamber 212 of the lid 211 vented, causing the membrane 215 and the cover band 217 with the ambient pressure (1 atmosphere) to the stack 240 be pressed. In addition, the heater is 225 activated to the pile 240 heat. As a result, the embedding material for forming the embedding layer 107 melts, and all areas between the module covers 111 . 112 fills. The embedding material hardens in addition, so that from the previously unconnected stack 240 a laminated stack 240 , hereinafter also as a laminate 240 is formed, is formed.

This is followed by venting the chamber 222 of the lower housing part 221 , an evacuation of the chamber 212 of the lid 211 , and an opening of the lid 211 (see. 3 ). Furthermore, the finished laminate 240 with the help of the conveyor belt 227 from the laminator 210 transported. Following this, the laminate can 240 framed as described above and provided with a junction box.

Forming a marker 101 for identifying the photovoltaic module 100 can during the lamination process (ie in the context of the step 202 , see. 2 ), and thereby be carried out without an additional process. For this purpose is for the at the top of the pile 240 present module cover, ie either the cover 111 or 112 , uses a sheet of plastic material, and uses a suitable embossing element. In this way, an embossed structure 130 to play a marker 101 be trained (see. 8th and 10 with the embossed plastic cover 120 ).

As in 5 is suggested, the embossing can for example by means of a separate embossing mold 230 be performed. The stamping mold 230 , which may be designed as a patterned stencil or mat, is placed on top of the stack to be laminated 240 arranged. During lamination, the membrane can 215 and the cover band 217 of the laminator 210 the stamping mold 230 to the top of the pile 240 Press on, which over the present plastic cover 120 (see. 8th and 10 ) takes place in the molten soft embedding material. After lamination, the stamping mold 230 be removed again.

6 shows an alternative approach in which the cover band 217 of the laminator 210 with an integrated stamping mold 231 for pushing into the stack 240 and the embedding material is formed. As a result, the same embossing pattern can automatically be applied to every lamination process 130 be generated.

Based on the following 7 to 10 become possible embodiments of embossed structures 130 described, which with the help of the embossing forms 230 . 231 can be trained. Here is the one at the top of the stack 240 arranged soft and thus deformable film-shaped plastic cover with the reference numeral 120 , And is provided at the bottom cover with the reference numeral 121 characterized. The cover 121 which in the lamination on the conveyor belt 227 of the laminator 210 is arranged, unlike the plastic cover 120 made of a hard material such as glass, ceramics, a composite material, etc. In the lamination process, the embossing mold used 230 . 231 over the soft plastic cover 120 pressed into the molten soft embedding material. In the finished laminate 240 lies the embossed structure created in this way 130 on or in the plastic cover 120 before, and may be in the embedding layer 107 extend into it. The plastic cover 120 is not melted in contrast to the embedding material in the lamination, but only deformed (see. 8th and 10 ).

In terms of the photovoltaic module 100 from 1 For example, it may be provided that the front cover 111 the plastic cover 120 , and the back cover 112 the hard cover 121 is (module with front foil and fixed back). The plastic cover 120 is formed in this embodiment of a transparent plastic or polymer material. One possible example is ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), which is resistant to weathering and UV radiation. One in the area of the transparent plastic cover 120 present embossed structure 130 can in this way a transparent mark 101 represent.

Alternatively, a reverse configuration is possible, ie that for the back of a soft plastic cover 120 and a transparent hard cover for the front 121 , For example, glass and optionally coated with an anti-reflection layer is provided (module with glass frontside and backsheet). The plastic cover 120 may also be formed in this embodiment of a non-transparent plastic or polymer material.

The 7 and 8th show in the plan view and in a sectional view from the side of a possible embodiment of an embossed structure 130 to play a marker 101 which is at the top of the laminate 240 in the area of the plastic cover 120 is trained. The in the embedding layer 107 existing solar cells 105 are in 8th omitted. As a marker 101 the brand name "Solar-World" is chosen.

The in the plastic cover 120 and the embedding layer 107 Embossed embossed structure 130 extends substantially over the entire top surface of the laminate 240 , The embossed structure 130 includes a regular embossing pattern with structural elements in the form of smaller elevations 132 and intervening recesses or depressions. The regular embossing pattern is in the range of the actual marking 101 omitted. The mark 101 is through level or recessed areas 131 realized. The areas 131 , which are surrounded by the regular embossing pattern or its structural elements, can be at the same height as the recesses (or their deepest points) of the regular embossing pattern. The surveys 132 of the embossing pattern may be in the form of, for example, truncated pyramids, or other geometric shapes such as pyramids, ashlars, etc.

In the embossed structure 130 of the 7 and 8th The regular embossing pattern is used to prevent the appearance of the unsightly appearance of the plastic cover 120 as a result of lamination. Because a plastic cover 120 , in particular a foil of, for example, ETFE, may, in the course of lamination, undergo such a temperature-induced volume change or expansion that after lamination there is an irregular appearance with warping and folds. This can be suppressed by impressing the regular embossing pattern.

The 9 and 10 show in the plan view and in a sectional view from the side of a further embodiment of an embossed structure 130 which is at the top of the laminate 240 in the plastic cover 120 and the embedding layer 107 is trained. In 10 are those in the embedding layer 107 located solar cells 105 omitted. The embossed structure 130 which are only in the area of the marking 101 is provided, comprises opposite the remaining upper side of the laminate 240 recessed level areas 131 , The areas 131 set the mark 101 Again, the brand name "SolarWorld". This embodiment may be considered in the event that the lamination no irregular appearance of the cover 120 entails.

Instead of in the 8th and 10 in the section shown embossed structures 130 can be embossed structures 130 be formed with other (cross-sectional) shapes. For example, the embodiment of 8th be modified so that the mark 101 performing areas 131 lying at the same height as the elevations 132 (or their highest digits). In relation to 10 can have an inverse embossed structure 130 be formed, in which plane areas 131 are present as surveys, which compared to the rest of the upper side of the laminate 240 protrude. Furthermore, for example, the areas may be considered 131 deviating from the 8th and 10 uneven or with other shapes, for example with a slightly V-shaped contour (V-shaped depressions or elevations) form. In addition, depending on the particular marker 101 or their supervisory form instead of separate areas 131 a single area 131 may be present, which may optionally be composed of several merging subregions. Such embodiments are to be regarded as examples, which can be replaced by other embodiments.

The photovoltaic module 100 from 1 can with a front cover 111 be formed of glass, which is an antireflection coating 150 has (not shown in 1 , see. for example 14 ). The antireflection coating 150 , which in this embodiment on the embedding layer 107 opposite side (front) of the cover 111 is provided, it allows the reflection of light radiation on the cover 111 to suppress. As a result, an improved transmission of the light radiation to the solar cells 105 , and as a result, improved module performance is achieved. In this embodiment, the antireflection layer 150 with a suitable structure for forming a transparent mark 101 for identifying the photovoltaic module 100 be formed. This will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.

The 11 to 14 show the manufacture of a front cover 111 with such a structured antireflection coating 150 on the basis of supervisory presentations and lateral sectional views, which is part of the step 201 (see. 2 ), ie before lamination, can be performed. In the process, a transparent glass pane 140 provided. On one side (front) of the glass pane 140 is further, as in the 11 and 12 shown a layer 145 applied, with the help of which the glass pane 140 masked locally. The masking layer 145 has a label to be made 101 coordinated supervisory form, and may include several separate subsections. In the embodiment shown, the masking layer is located 145 in the form of the brand name "SolarWorld". The masking layer 145 has a suitable masking material or an adhesion-reducing material, and may, for example, on the glass sheet 140 be printed.

In a subsequent process is on the partially masked side of the glass 140 a large area an anti-reflection material for forming an anti-reflection layer 150 applied. In the area of the masking layer 145 becomes a direct coating of the glass 140 prevented. The masking layer will be described below 145 including any anti-reflection material optionally disposed thereon. This will be in the 13 and 14 shown cover 111 provided the glass pane 140 and the structured antireflection coating 150 includes. There are recesses in the previously masked areas 151 before, causing the glass pane 140 is exposed in these places. These form the transparent marking 101 ,

In the area of the recesses 151 points the cover 111 a (slightly) increased reflectivity or a reduced transmissivity. The mark 101 may be poorly visible when viewed vertically, as the small differences may be barely perceptible visually. When viewed obliquely, the mark 101 however, clearly visible. This case is, for example, in a roof installation of the associated photovoltaic module 100 before, which with the according to the 13 . 14 trained cover 111 is constructed. Because the recesses 151 the antireflection coating 150 are present only locally limited, the associated reduction in module performance can be relatively small, and therefore negligible.

In the antireflection layer 150 For example, it may be a porous or nanoporous layer 150 from, for example, SiO2. The formation of such an antireflection layer 150 on the glass 140 may by a coating process, for example a sputtering process, a dipping process or a sol-gel process, followed by a thermal process for baking and thereby solidifying the layer 150 , respectively. In the temperature process, the above-described removal of the masking layer 145 (for example, by dissolution or burning) take place.

Alternatively, the antireflection coating may be 150 around a non-porous layer 150 for example, SnO2 acting on the glass 140 is applied. Here, in a suitable manner, a removal of the masking layer 145 for local exposure of the glass pane 140 be performed.

Forming the into the 13 and 14 shown cover 111 with the structured antireflection coating 150 can also without a mask 145 be performed. For this purpose, it can be provided, the antireflection coating 150 large area on one side of the glass pane 140 apply, and subsequently to form the recesses 151 locally remove or ablate. The removal can be done, for example, by sandblasting, etching by means of a mask, or by printing a corrosive alkali on the layer 150 , be performed. The removal may, for example, in the step 201 (see. 2 ), ie before lamination, or even after lamination (step 202 ) and, if necessary, after completing the module 100 (Step 203 ), respectively. The removal may optionally involve removal of material or altering the surface structure of the glass sheet 140 entail, leaving the glass pane 140 in the area of the recesses 151 deviating from 14 For example, may have a roughened or frosted surface and / or depressions.

Depending on the type of supervision of the respective marking 101 can the anti-reflection layer 150 be formed structured in the above embodiments, that instead of a plurality of separate recesses 151 a single recess 151 is formed, which may optionally comprise a plurality of contiguous sections or partial recesses.

An antireflection coating 150 may further be formed with another suitable structure to a front module cover 111 a locally altered optical appearance for rendering a transparent mark 101 to rent. An example is an embodiment with different layer thicknesses.

The 15 and 16 show in a sectional side view the preparation of a cover 111 with such a thickness-varied antireflection coating 150 , what in the context of the step 201 (see. 2 ). Here, in a first step, as in 15 shown an antireflection material for forming the antireflection layer 150 locally, ie at the points of the mark to be produced 101 , on one side of a provided glass pane 140 arranged. This can be done, for example, by local application using a mask. In the supervision, for example, a 11 corresponding structure in the form of the brand name "SolarWorld".

In a subsequent second step, as in 16 shown, the anti-reflection material over a large area on the glass 140 applied. The antireflection layer produced in this way 150 Therefore, at the previously locally coated sites corresponding thickening 152 on. In the area of thickening 152 which the mark 101 form a first layer thickness, and outside of which there is a second smaller layer thickness.

In the 16 shown embodiment may in particular for a non-porous antireflection coating 150 be considered. The different layer thicknesses can lead to a presence of different interference color effects, on the basis of which the mark 101 can be seen. It is also possible, however, a porous antireflection coating 150 form with such a thickness variation to cause corresponding color effects.

The thickness-varied antireflection coating 150 can with several separate thickening or thickening structures 152 be formed. Depending on the type of supervision of the respective marking 101 is also an embodiment with a single thickening or thickening structure 152 possible, which may optionally comprise several contiguous sections. In addition, an inverse embodiment can also be considered, in which the antireflection coating 150 in the area of the marking 101 is formed with a first layer thickness, and at other locations or outside thereof with a second larger layer thickness. This embodiment can analogously by a two-stage coating of a glass sheet 140 be realized.

Another option, a front cover 111 with a transparent mark 101 for identifying the photovoltaic module 100 To realize, is to use a substantially transparent layer 161 ,

The 17 and 18 show in the plan view and in a sectional view from the side in this regard possible embodiment of a front cover 111 , The cover 111 lies in the form of a glass pane 140 with a nonporous antireflection coating thereon 150 in front. On top of that, there is a transparent or essentially transparent layer 161 to show a mark 101 arranged. The layer 161 has a defined, on the mark 101 coordinated supervisory form, and may include several separate subsections. In the embodiment shown, the layer is located 161 in the form of the brand name "SolarWorld". In this embodiment, the cover 111 in the area of the layer 161 and outside the area of the layer 161 different optical properties, and thereby changing the visual appearance, so that the mark 101 can be seen.

The layer 161 which, for example, by printing on the anti-reflection layer 150 and subsequent curing is formed to the effect that no significant or a negligible absorption of light radiation to the cover 111 takes place. This can be realized by a small layer thickness and / or the use of a suitable transparent layer material. In particular, transparent materials with a refractive index which come from the refractive index of the surface of the cover are suitable 111 or the antireflection layer 150 deviates so that locally there is a recognizable altered reflection behavior. One useful material in this regard is, for example, transparent silicone. In addition to being able to print such a material, silicone offers advantages such as abrasion resistance, and resistance to weathering and UV radiation.

The local application or printing of the layer 161 becomes after forming the antireflection layer 150 on the glass 140 carried out. Applying the layer 161 can, for example, in the step 201 (see. 2 ), ie before lamination, or even after lamination (step 202 ) and, if necessary, after completing the associated module 100 (Step 203 ), be performed. Depending on the type of supervision of the respective marking 101 can the layer 161 Furthermore, be formed with such a shape that instead of separate layer sections a single, possibly formed of several contiguous sections layer 161 is present.

19 shows a lateral sectional view of a development of using the transparent layer 161 formed mark 101 , This is on the glass 140 the cover 111 a porous or nanoporous antireflection coating 150 trained, which as in 19 shown a variety of pores 155 having. A preparation of the porous antireflection coating 150 can be done in the manner described above (sputtering, dipping or sol-gel process, followed by a temperature process). By subsequently arranged or printed on this layer 161 are pores 155 the antireflection coating 150 filled. Infiltrating the pores 155 causes the antireflection effect in this area to be degraded or abolished. The antireflection coating 150 therefore points in the area of the layer 161 and outside the area of the layer 161 different reflective properties, thereby increasing the marking 101 can be seen. Due to the filling of the pores 155 can the layer 161 opposite to the 18 optionally have improved adhesion and abrasion resistance.

Another option is a cover that can be used on a module front 111 made of glass with a transparent marking 101 To realize, is the associated glass 140 with a defined changed structure or surface structure form.

The 20 and 21 show in the plan view and in a sectional view from the side in this regard possible embodiment of a front cover 111 , The cover 111 lies in the form of a glass pane 140 with an antireflection layer arranged thereon 150 in front. The cover 111 is furthermore with several markings 101 designed in the form of a brand logo. The marks 101 are through depressions 171 realized by embossing the glass 140 are generated. The on the embossed side of the glass 140 arranged antireflection layer 150 has in cross section through the surface structure of the glass sheet 140 predetermined, partly stepped shape.

The embossing of the glass pane 140 and the (subsequent) application of the antireflection coating 150 on the glass 140 can in the context of the step 201 (see. 2 ) be performed. In this regard, the provision of the glass 140 the carrying out of a rolling process comprise (rolled glass), wherein the rolls used in this case are present as embossing rolls, which circumferentially corresponding elevations for embossing the depressions 171 exhibit. Due to the size of the roll diameter, the markings produced in this way can 101 medium in size, and be formed regularly repeated. A possibly wavy shape of the glass sheet as a result of rolling 140 can by the design with the markings 101 be laminated.

The formation of depressions 171 (or even a single recess or recess structure) on a surface of a glass sheet 140 for forming a transparent mark 101 can also be done in other ways. For example, can be considered, the provided glass 140 before coating with an antireflection coating 150 etch locally with the aid of a mask, or place a corrosive lye locally on the glass 140 be printed. In these embodiments may differ from 20 a larger or larger marking 101 , for example, with a supervisory form accordingly 17 , be formed.

This aspect applies in the same way to the in 22 in a side sectional view shown embodiment of a front cover 111 to which again in the form of a glass sheet 140 with an antireflection layer arranged thereon 150 is present. The glass pane 140 indicates the side on which the antireflection coating 150 is arranged, a surface structure in the form of grayed or frosted areas 181 on. Such areas 181 can in the context of the step 201 (see. 2 ) before coating the glass sheet 140 with the antireflection coating 150 be generated by sandblasting. The areas 181 can in the same way a transparent or substantially transparent marking 101 , for example, with a supervisory form accordingly 17 , play. Instead of separate frosted areas 181 can also be a single, optionally composed of several subdivisions frosted area 181 be provided.

The embodiments explained with reference to the figures represent preferred or exemplary embodiments of the invention. In addition to the described and illustrated embodiments, further embodiments are conceivable which may comprise further modifications or combinations of features.

For example, can also be considered, even a back cover 112 of the photovoltaic module 100 according to the basis of 11 to 16 described approaches in the form of a glass sheet 140 with an antireflection coating 150 form a structure (recesses 151 , different layer thicknesses) for displaying a mark 101 having. Here, the antireflection coating 150 serve the mark 101 before installing the associated photovoltaic module 100 play.

For a front cover 111 a photovoltaic module may further comprise a configuration in the form of a glass pane 140 without antireflection coating 150 be considered. This can be a marker 101 , deviating from 18 For example, by directly applying a transparent layer 161 on the glass 140 be realized to locally cause a changed optical behavior. In addition, modifications of the in the 21 and 22 shown embodiments in which the antireflection coating 150 on the glass 140 is omitted. Such embodiments (glass 140 with directly applied layer 161 , Glass pane 140 with a surface structure formed by embossing, etching or sandblasting) are also for a back cover 112 conceivable.

Applying a transparent layer 161 for locally modifying optical properties and thereby generating a mark 101 may possibly also for a provided on a module front side plastic cover 120 be considered. The plastic cover 120 can in this embodiment without an embossed structure 130 be realized.

In addition, it is possible to have a cover 111 . 112 according to the approaches described above with several, possibly different markings 101 to train. This includes markings 101 , which differ in the form of supervision. It is also possible to combine structurally different markings 101 , For example, one with an antireflection coating 150 coated glass pane 140 with a marker 101 in the form of frosted areas 181 (see. 22 ) and additionally with another marker 101 in the form of recesses 151 (see. 14 ) be formed.

It is also possible, the photovoltaic module 100 to realize that both covers 111 . 112 each own, possibly different markings 101 exhibit. An example is an embodiment with an embossed plastic cover 120 at the front (cf. 8th ) and a frosted areas 181 having glass pane 140 at the back.

With regard to the basis of the 3 and 4 lamination described is given the opportunity using the laminator 210 several stacks 240 for several photovoltaic modules 100 to laminate at the same time. The several stacks 240 are here next to each other on the conveyor belt 227 arranged.

In addition, it should be noted that the processes described above for forming a mark 101 optionally also in other process stages of the production of the photovoltaic module 100 can be performed. For example, with a cover 111 or 112 made of glass and without antireflection coating 150 Forming a surface structure by, for example, sand blasting or etching only after a lamination or assembly of the module 100 be performed.

Furthermore, an embodiment of the photovoltaic module 100 with only a single solar cell 105 come into consideration, the solar cell 105 between two covers 111 . 112 in an embedding layer 107 arranged, and a corresponding mark 101 is formed according to the above approaches.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

100

photovoltaic module

101

mark

105

solar cell

107

buried layer

109

frame

111

Front cover

112

Back cover

120

Plastic cover

121

cover

130

embossed structure

131

Flat area

132

survey

140

pane

145

masking layer

150

Antireflection coating

151

recess

152

thickening

155

pore

161

Transparent layer

171

deepening

181

Matted area

201, 202, 203

step

210

laminator

211

cover

212

chamber

215

membrane

217

cover band

221

Lower housing part

222

chamber

225

heater

227

conveyor belt

230

stamping die

231

Integrated stamping mold

240

Stack, laminate

Claims (16)

Photovoltaic module ( 100 ), comprising: a first cover ( 111 . 112 . 120 ); a second cover ( 111 . 112 . 121 ); at least one solar cell ( 105 ) sandwiched between the first and second covers in an embedding layer ( 107 ) is arranged; and a permanent mark ( 101 ) in the area of the first cover ( 111 . 112 . 120 ), the mark ( 101 ) at least partially over the at least one solar cell ( 150 ) is arranged. A photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the first cover comprises a plastic cover ( 120 ) and an embossed structure ( 130 ) to make the mark ( 101 ) having. Photovoltaic module according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first cover comprises an antireflection coating ( 150 ) with a structure ( 151 . 152 ) to make the mark ( 101 ) having. Photovoltaic module according to one of the preceding claims, comprising one on the first cover ( 111 ) and substantially transparent layer ( 161 ) to make the mark ( 101 ), so the first cover ( 111 ) in the area of the layer ( 161 ) and outside the area of the layer ( 161 ) has different optical properties. Photovoltaic module according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first cover ( 111 ) is a glass cover and a formed by embossing, sandblasting or etching structure ( 171 . 181 ) to make the mark ( 101 ) having. Method for producing a photovoltaic module ( 100 ), wherein at least one solar cell ( 105 ) between a first and a second cover ( 111 . 112 . 120 . 121 ) in an embedding layer ( 107 ), wherein the arranging of the at least one solar cell ( 105 ) comprises performing a lamination process, and wherein in the region of the first cover ( 111 . 112 . 120 ) a mark ( 101 ) is formed, which at least partially over the at least one solar cell ( 105 ) is arranged. Method according to claim 6, wherein the first cover ( 111 . 112 . 120 ) is a plastic cover, and wherein the forming of the mark ( 101 ) by creating an embossed structure ( 130 ) during the lamination process. The method of claim 7, wherein the first cover has a front cover (10). 111 ) of the photovoltaic module ( 100 ), and wherein the first cover is formed of a transparent plastic material, in particular ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene. Method according to one of claims 7 or 8, wherein the embossed structure ( 130 ) with a regular embossing pattern ( 132 ) is formed, which in the region of the mark ( 101 ) is omitted. Method according to one of claims 7 or 8, wherein the embossed structure ( 130 ) only in the area of the mark ( 101 ) is formed. Method for producing a photovoltaic module, wherein at least one solar cell ( 105 ) between a first and a second cover ( 111 . 112 ) in an embedding layer ( 107 ), wherein on the first cover ( 111 ) an antireflection coating ( 150 ) is formed, which has a structure ( 151 . 152 ) for forming a mark ( 101 ), the marking ( 101 ) at least partially over the at least one solar cell ( 105 ) is arranged. A method according to claim 11, wherein the antireflection coating ( 150 ) is formed such that the first cover ( 111 ) in the area of the marking ( 101 ) not from the antireflection coating ( 150 ) is coated. A method according to claim 11, wherein the antireflection coating ( 150 ) is formed such that the antireflection coating ( 150 ) in the area of the marking ( 101 ) and outside the range of the mark ( 101 ) has different layer thicknesses. Method for producing a photovoltaic module ( 100 ), wherein at least one solar cell ( 105 ) between a first and a second cover ( 111 . 112 ) in an embedding layer ( 107 ), wherein a substantially transparent layer ( 161 ) for forming a mark ( 101 ) on the first cover ( 111 ) is applied so that the first cover ( 111 ) in the area of the layer ( 161 ) and outside the area of the layer ( 161 ) has different optical properties, wherein the marking ( 101 ) at least partially over the at least one solar cell ( 105 ) is arranged. Method according to claim 14, wherein the first cover ( 111 ) with a porous antireflection coating ( 150 ), wherein pores ( 155 ) of the antireflection coating ( 150 ) by applying the layer ( 161 ), so that the antireflection coating ( 150 ) in the area of the layer ( 161 ) and outside the area of the layer ( 161 ) has different reflection properties. Method for producing a photovoltaic module, wherein at least one solar cell ( 105 ) between a first and a second cover ( 111 . 112 ) in an embedding layer ( 107 ), the first cover ( 111 ) is a glass cover, wherein the first cover ( 111 ) by embossing, sandblasting or etching with a structure ( 171 . 181 ) for forming a mark ( 101 ), the marking ( 101 ) at least partially over the at least one solar cell ( 105 ) is arranged.

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