DE102012210890B4 - Turning device and method for assembling a turning device - Google Patents

Abstract

Cranking device (100), in particular a starter, for cranking an internal combustion engine, at least comprising a freewheel gear (33) with an inner part (130) and an outer part (140) which is axially backlashed with an axial play (S) and interacts with the inner part (130) ), the axial play of which is limited by at least two axially spaced stops (5) of the freewheel gear (33), the freewheel gear (33) having at least one axial play limiting unit (1) in order to reduce and / or avoid the axial play (S), characterized that the at least one axial play limiting unit (1) has at least one plastically deformable section, in particular plastically deformable in the axial direction (A).

Description

The invention relates to a cranking device, in particular a starter, for cranking an internal combustion engine, according to the preamble of claim 1.

The invention further relates to a method for assembling a cranking device, in particular a starter, for cranking an internal combustion engine, according to the preamble of claim 8.

State of the art

The invention is based on a cranking device for internal combustion engines according to the preamble of the independent claims.

The present invention relates to starters and starters for vehicles with internal combustion engines which have an electrical machine with an output shaft connected to a freewheel gear.

From the prior art, starters with a starter relay for vehicles with internal combustion engines are known, which as a rule comprise a direct current electric motor for driving the internal combustion engine. Such direct current electric motors have a starter rotor which acts on an output shaft.

Known turning devices such as in the JP 2007 218 217 A comprise a freewheel gear with an axially backlash mounted, rotatable pinion. An axial movement of the pinion is limited on both sides by rigid stops. On the one hand, the axial movement of the pinion in the area of a roller collar of the freewheel gear, also called the inner ring, is limited by a stop on a driver, more precisely a base of the driver. On the other hand, the axial movement is limited by an elastically deformable retaining disk that functions as a stop.

Disclosure of the invention

The cranking device according to the invention and the method according to the invention for assembling a cranking device with the features of the corresponding main claim or dependent claim have the advantage over the prior art that in a cranking device, in particular a starter, for cranking an internal combustion engine, at least comprising a freewheel gear with an inner part and an outer part which is arranged with axial play and has axial play and interacts with the inner part, the axial play of which is limited by at least two axially spaced stops of the freewheel gear, the freewheel gear having at least one axial play limiting unit in order to reduce and / or avoid the axial play. In one embodiment, the freewheel gear comprises an inner ring as an inner part and an outer ring as an outer part. In one embodiment, a toothing is formed on the inner ring, so that the inner ring functions as a pinion. In particular, the toothing is formed in one piece with the inner ring. The outer ring is preferably designed as a driver which interacts with the inner ring. The outer ring surrounds a section of the inner ring. The section of the inner ring surrounding by the outer ring is designed as a roller collar. Rollers, balls, barrels or other rolling elements are arranged on this to interact with the outer ring, so that a relative movement in the circumferential direction from the outer ring to the inner ring is possible. The rollers are thus arranged in the radial direction between the corresponding sections of the inner ring (roller collar) and the outer ring.

In one embodiment, the freewheel gear thus comprises the pinion, the roller collar (inner ring), the driver (outer ring) and a retaining disk. In one embodiment, a guide disk is arranged between the retaining disk and the driver in the axial direction, that is to say in the manner of a sandwich. A closure cap fixes the retaining disk and the driver and, if necessary, the guide disk. The roller collar is rotatably mounted axially between the retaining disk and the driver and is subject to play. The axial play of the pinion results from the sum of the dimensions or tolerances of the retaining disk, the guide disk and the driver minus the dimensions or tolerances of the roller collar, in each case in the axial direction. The axial movement or the axial play of the pinion, which is determined by the play of the section of the pinion forming the roller collar between the driver base and the retaining disk, is axially limited by at least one stop. Two stops are preferably formed so that the axial movement of the pinion or the roller collar is limited by two stops. The two axially spaced stops are advantageously formed by the retaining disk and the driver / (bottom). Accordingly, the retaining disk and the driver limit the axial play or the axial movement of the pinion. These are essentially rigid, that is, inflexible or, in particular, not significantly deformable, stops which define the axial play of the pinion or the roller collar of the pinion. In the following, the terms pinion and roller collar are used synonymously as far as possible, since they are connected to one another, in particular connected to one another in one piece.

According to the invention, the freewheel gear has at least one axial play limiting unit, which reduces or avoids the axial play of the pinion between the stops. Advantageously, the axial play limiting unit, called the limiting unit for short, avoids the axial play of the pinion with respect to the driver. In one embodiment of the freewheel gear, the axial play is advantageously zero. In the case of a freewheel gear with at least one axial play limiting unit, it is possible to set the axial play of the pinion when the pinion is at rest or when the freewheel gear is being installed to be equal to or close to zero. The axial play is preferably as close to zero as possible, and the axial play is more preferably zero. In one embodiment, precisely one delimitation unit is formed. Other embodiments provide more than one limiting unit, for example two, three or four axial play limiting units. The delimitation unit is either made in one piece or in several pieces. In one embodiment, the limiting unit is designed symmetrically to an axially aligned axis of the pinion. For example, the delimitation unit is designed in the shape of a ring and / or ring segment. One embodiment of an annular delimitation unit provides that it is arranged around the pinion or the roller collar, that is to say accommodates it in an annular opening.

The measures listed in the dependent claims enable advantageous developments and improvements of the devices specified in the independent and independent claims.

According to the invention it is provided that the at least one axial play limiting unit has at least one essentially plastically deformable, in particular essentially plastically deformable section in the axial direction. Plastic in the sense of the invention comprises a predominant proportion of plastic, that is to say non-reversible, deformation. The delimitation unit preferably has a single deformable section. Other embodiments provide for multiple deformable sections. In one embodiment, the delimitation unit is designed to be completely deformable. In another embodiment, the delimitation unit is designed to be partially deformable. The deformable section (s) is / are preferably designed so as to be plastically deformable. In other words, the axial play limiting unit is designed to be at least partially irreversibly deformable. The delimitation unit is preferably deformable at least in the axial direction. Another embodiment provides for an additional deformation in the radial direction, that is to say transversely to the axial direction. The limiting unit is advantageously plastically deformed when the freewheel gear is installed. A detailed description of the deformation is given in the method described below. By means of the deformable section, a rigid, that is to say rigid, stop of the pinion is realized in one embodiment. In another embodiment, a soft, that is to say resilient, stop is implemented by means of the deformable section. In addition to the plastically deformable sections, elastically deformable sections are also provided in one embodiment.

One embodiment provides that the delimitation unit is designed as a deformation element or a plurality of deformation elements which limit the axial movement by means of plastic deformation. In one embodiment, a rigid stop is implemented by means of a deforming element. In another embodiment, a resilient stop is implemented by means of a deforming element.

A softer material than a material of the adjoining components of the freewheel gear is preferably suitable as the material for the delimitation unit. In particular, the delimitation unit is designed to be softer than the stops. The at least one delimitation unit is preferably made from a material such as pure copper and / or pure aluminum. Such absorption materials are advantageously plastically deformable. Furthermore, these materials are advantageously resistant to breakage and abrasion. The material of the limiting unit preferably has a lower flow force than the materials of the pinion and the stops. Flow force is understood here as the force that has to be applied in order to make the respective material flow.

In another embodiment it is provided that the at least one axial play limiting unit is arranged at least on one side of the at least two stops facing the respective other stop. The at least one axial play limiting unit is preferably arranged at least on the at least one stop of the pinion. At least one stop advantageously has a limiting unit. In another embodiment, both stops have a limiting unit. In this way, a limitation of the axial movement is realized directly at the stops of the pinion. Furthermore, the introduction of axial forces directly into the driver is advantageously ensured here and a functional failure of the freewheel gear is avoided by canceling the self-locking. When the limiting unit is arranged on a stop, the pinion rotates during operation relative to the limiting unit, which is advantageously attached to the stationary stops. Another embodiment provides an arrangement of the limiting unit in a stop-free area of the freewheel gear.

One embodiment provides that the at least one axial play limiting unit is at least partially integrated into at least one of the stops. In this way, the number of components is reduced by training as a stop with the axial play limiting unit.

In addition, it is provided in one embodiment that a first stop of the at least two stops is formed by a driver, in particular a driver base. In one embodiment it is provided that the at least one axial play limiting unit is formed on the driver. The axial movement of the pinion or the roller collar is advantageously limited on one side by the driver or driver base designed as a stop. The limiting unit is advantageously formed on the driver or the driver base. The delimitation unit is also advantageously arranged between the roller collar and the driver, at least in the radial direction. In this embodiment, the roller collar is consequently not in direct contact with the driver base, but rather with the delimitation unit arranged there.

Another embodiment provides that a second stop of the at least two stops comprises a retaining disk, in which the at least one axial play limiting unit is at least partially integrated. The retaining disk has, for example, plastically deformable sections, for example in the form of projections, material thickness differences, projections or the like. The axial movement of the pinion or the roller collar or its axial play is advantageously limited on another side by the retaining disk designed as a stop. The delimitation unit is advantageously formed on the retaining disk functioning as a stop. The delimitation unit is preferably integrated into the retaining disk. The retaining disk and the delimitation unit are preferably designed accordingly in one piece. By integrating the delimitation unit into the retaining disk, a soft, resilient stop is implemented here. For example, the retaining disk is designed as an elastically deformable deformation element which is at least partially deformed when the pinion hits a stop. A deformation of the holding disk is realized, for example, by a suitable choice of material and / or a shaping of the holding disk. In one embodiment, the retaining disk or the integrated limiting unit is designed as a diaphragm spring. In another embodiment, the retaining disk is made in several parts.

In other embodiments, the limiting unit is arranged and / or integrated on a stop-free component or on a stop-free area of a component of the freewheel gear. One embodiment therefore provides that the at least one axial play limiting unit is arranged axially between the retaining disk and the driver. With the exception of the plastic section, the retaining disk and the driver are arranged immovably relative to one another, both in the axial and in the radial direction. These components are free of stops in relation to the other component. In one embodiment, the guide disk is arranged between the retaining disk and the driver. It is used to define a distance between the retaining disk and the driver and thus to set the axial play. Accordingly, it is provided in one embodiment that the second stop comprises a guide disk adjoining the retaining disk on the side facing the other stop.

Furthermore, it is provided in one embodiment that the at least one axial play limiting unit is at least partially integrated into a guide disk and / or designed separately. The guide disk is arranged between the retaining disk and the driver. In one embodiment, the delimitation unit is integrated into the guide disk. In a preferred embodiment, the delimitation unit is formed separately from the guide disk between the retaining disk and the driver. The distance between the retaining disk and the driver, including the axial play, is defined by the guide disk or the limiting unit. Advantageously, the introduction of axial forces from the roller collar in the axial direction directly into the driver base is ensured and a functional failure of the freewheel gear is avoided by canceling the self-locking.

In addition, in one embodiment it is provided that the retaining disk is at least partially designed as a deformation unit which adjoins the stops before and after assembly. In this way, axial play, in particular between the stops, is reduced or minimized.

The method according to the invention with the features of the corresponding main claim or dependent claim have the advantage over the prior art that in a method for assembling a cranking device, in particular a starter, for cranking an internal combustion engine, at least comprising a freewheel gear with an inner part and one with it an axial play arranged axially with play, the axial play of which is limited by at least two axially spaced stops, comprising the step of inserting a section of the inner part of the freewheel between two stops, so that the section is arranged between the stops, it is provided that the section between the stops by means of at least one axial play limiting unit is preloaded in the axial direction and thus arranged between the stops with reduced axial play or free of axial play. The cranking device for cranking the internal combustion engine comprises at least one freewheel gear with an axially backlash mounted pinion, the axial movement of which is limited by at least one stop. In particular, the starting device is designed as described above. The method includes, for example, the step of inserting a roller collar of the freewheel gear between two stops, so that the roller collar contacts the stops. According to the invention, at least one stop is deformed in the axial direction by means of at least one axial play limiting unit. During assembly, the delimitation unit is advantageously deformed at the stop between two adjacent components. For example, the delimitation unit is deformed between the roller collar and the carrier base and / or between the retaining disk and the carrier. In another embodiment, the delimitation unit is deformed, in particular plastically deformed, between two stop-free components, for example an end face of the driver and the retaining disk. The delimitation unit is preferably deformed in the axial direction. In one embodiment, the delimitation unit is additionally deformed in the radial direction, in particular elastically and / or plastically. Here, an axial dimension of the delimitation unit decreases in favor of a radial dimension of the delimitation unit. The delimitation unit is consequently axially flatter or radially wider.

In one embodiment, the delimitation unit has a greater axial dimension before assembly than after assembly. In this case, the delimitation unit is preferably deformed during assembly, preferably plastically, until the roller collar contacts the stops and the axial play of the pinion between the stops is consequently equal to or almost zero. One embodiment provides that the limiting unit is deformed down to an axial play of less than zero, that is to say as a press fit, in particular before the stops are contacted. This is possible due to an at least partial elasticity of the components of the freewheel gear. Here, a press fit of the components of the freewheel gear is realized in a simple manner.

In one embodiment of the freewheel gear, the axial play is formed from the sum of an axial distance between the stops and an axial width of the guide disk minus an axial width of the roller collar and an axial width of the limiting unit. Before assembly, the size of the limiting unit is so large that there would be negative axial play. During assembly, the delimitation unit is therefore plastically deformed until the axial play is set equal to zero.

In order to effect an additional axial securing of the outer part to the inner part, a closure cap is provided in one embodiment. In one embodiment, this is or is connected to the first stop, for example the outer part, and adjoins the second stop.

Figure list

• 1 in einer Querschnittansicht eine Andrehvorrichtung,
• 2 einen Ausschnitt eines Freilaufgetriebes der Andrehvorrichtung nach 1 in einer Querschnittansicht mit einer Axialspielbegrenzungseinheit in einer ersten Ausführungsform,
• 3a, b jeweils einen weiteren Ausschnitt des Freilaufgetriebes nach 2 in verschiedenen Montagezuständen,
• 4 den Ausschnitt des Freilaufgetriebes nach 2 mit der Axialspielbegrenzungseinheit in einer weiteren Ausführungsform, und
• 5a, b einen weiteren Ausschnitt des Freilaufgetriebes nach 4 in verschiedenen Montagezuständen.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and explained in more detail in the description below. Show it:

• 1 a cranking device in a cross-sectional view,
• 2 a section of a freewheel gear of the cranking device according to 1 in a cross-sectional view with an axial play limiting unit in a first embodiment,
• 3a, b each a further section of the freewheel gear according to 2 in different assembly states,
• 4th the section of the freewheel gear 2 with the axial play limiting unit in a further embodiment, and
• 5a, b another section of the freewheel gear 4th in different assembly states.

Description of the embodiment

The 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a starting device 100 with relay 42 , also designed as switching or engaging relays. One housing 10 the turning device 100 comprises a cylindrical housing part 11 and a lid 13th , which are connected to each other by screws not shown. The cylindrical housing part 11 is at the back through the lid 13th closed, in the middle part of an outwardly directed hub is formed. In the hub there is a bearing point in which a rear end 17a the armature shaft 17th an electric starter motor 18th is stored, the anchor with 19th is designated. Radially outside the anchor 19th are located on the wall of the housing part 11 several (permanent) magnets 20th of the cranking motor 18th . The front end of the armature shaft 17th is with an end portion reduced in diameter 22nd in a coaxial, blind hole not shown 23 an output shaft 24 stored. The other end of the output shaft 24 is in one the housing part 11 locking shield 25th and one on the end shield 25th molded hub 26th stored. The armature shaft 17th points near her to the end shield 25th facing end a toothing 28 (Sun gear) on which planet gears 29 intervene, also with an external, fixed ring gear 30th of a planetary gear 31 comb (= additional gear).

A planet carrier 12th drives the output shaft 24 on which a freewheel gear 33 is arranged, the inner ring, also roller collar 34 called, a pinion-like extension 35 (Pinion) on which an external toothing 36 is trained. The outer ring of the freewheel gear 33 , also carriers 37 called, is about a high helix thread 38 with the output shaft 24 connected. A so-called single-track spring acts on him 39 on. By moving the freewheel gear axially 33 can the external teeth 36 with a ring gear 40 an internal combustion engine are brought into engagement for the purpose of the starting process. This is done with the aid of the (engagement) relay 42, in which a magnet armature via an extension when a current is switched on 43 a lever 44 panned over a backdrop 45 that between slices 46 lies, the freewheel gear 33 shifts to the left. The lever 44 is designed with two arms and by means of a pin 48 , in a bearing fixed to the housing 49 pivotally arranged. This process has only been briefly discussed as it is not essential to the invention.

On the lid 13th lies a brush plate 53 the ones with the lid 13th is screwed. The brush plate 53 is formed in one piece. Brush holders, in particular made of plastic, are attached to it, in which brushes are arranged, which are attached to a commutator under spring pressure 63 which on the armature shaft 17th is arranged. The carbon brushes are connected to a cable lug with a contact 68 of the engagement relay 42 connected is. The strands penetrate a seal 70 , which in the housing part 11 is arranged in an opening. The brush plate 53 is with screws 62 on the lid 13th attached.

The 2 shows a section of a freewheel gear 33 the turning device 100 to 1 in a cross-sectional view with an axial play limiting unit 1 , short limiting unit 1 called, in a first embodiment. In the following, only the components of the freewheel gear that are essential for the invention are referred to 33 received. The freewheel gear 33 includes that as a pinion 35 trained inner part 130 with that as a roll bundle 34 functioning inner ring. The pinion 35 is on the output shaft 24 rotatably arranged. The roll bundle 34 is in the axial direction A between a retaining plate 2 and one as a driver 37 functioning outer part 140 (Outer ring) or its (driver) base 37a rotatable and supported with play in the axial direction A. A limitation on movement of the pinion 35 or the roll bundle 34 in axial direction A takes place through two axial stops 5 . In this embodiment form the retaining washer 2 and the driving floor 37a one stop each 5 of the roll bundle 34 out. Between the retaining washer 2 and the driver 4th is a guide washer 3 arranged. The guide washer 3 defines an axial distance between the retaining washer 2 and one face of the driver 37 . Thus defines the guide washer 3 an axial play S of the pinion 35 between the two stops 5 . The freewheel gear further comprises 33 a cap 4th . The cap 4th fixes the retaining washer 2 , the guide washer 3 and the driver 4th and stabilizes these components when the pinion hits 35 at the attacks 5 .

According to the invention, the freewheel gear comprises 33 the limiting unit 1 to reduce or avoid the axial play of the roller collar 34 . The limiting unit 1 is in this embodiment on the carrier floor 37a , that is, at the one stop 5 , arranged. The limiting unit is more precise 1 between the carrier floor 37a and the roll collar 34 arranged. The axial play of the roller collar 34 is consequently of the attack 5 with the limiting unit 1 on the carrier floor 37a and the attack 5 on the retaining plate 2 limited. In the embodiment of 2 is the limiting unit 1 ring-shaped and circumferentially on the roller collar 34 or around the output shaft 24 educated. The limiting unit 1 is designed to be plastically deformable. The material of the delimitation unit 1 a lower flow force than the roller collar 34 and the attacks 5 . The limiting unit 1 is therefore softer than the adjacent components of the freewheel gear 33 . During assembly, the delimitation unit 1 plastically deformed and the axial play set to zero (see 3a, b ).

The 3a and 3b each show a further section of the freewheel gear 33 to 2 in different assembly states. Only the components required for understanding are shown here. With the limiting unit 1 between roll collar 34 and driving floor 37a the axial play S results from the sum of an axial distance 12th of the attacks 5 and an axial width 13th the guide washer 3 minus an axial width 11 of the roll bundle 34 and an axial width 14th the limiting unit 1 . As a result, the axial play S is calculated using the following formula as S = 13 + 12-14-11. The width 14th the limiting unit 1 is in an initial state, i.e. before assembly (see 3a) larger than after assembly (see 3b) . To set the axial play S, the limiting unit 1 between the roll collar 34 and the driving floor 37a plastically deformed in the axial direction A. For this purpose, a force F in the axial direction A is exerted by the roller collar 34 on the limiting unit 1 exercised. The axial play A is according to the 2 , 3a and 3b set to zero, that is, the limiting unit 1 is deformed until it is out of its axial width 14th According to the above formula, an axial play S equals zero.

The 4th shows the section of the freewheel gear 33 to 2 with the axial backlash limiting unit 1 in a further embodiment. The freewheel gear 33 or the section of the 4th basically corresponds to the embodiment of 2 . A detailed description of the components already described is therefore dispensed with. The same components are identified by the same reference symbols. The embodiments of the 2 and 4th differ in the embodiment of the limiting unit 1 and the guide washer 3 . The limiting unit 1 is here between the retaining washer 2 and one axial to the retaining disk 2 oriented face of the driver 37 educated. In this embodiment, the limiting unit takes 1 the place of the guide disc 3 and defines a distance between the retaining plate 2 and the driver 37 . In the embodiment of 4th is the limiting unit 1 ring-shaped and circumferentially along the face of the driver 37a around the roll collar 34 educated. The limiting unit 1 is designed to be plastically deformable. The material of the delimitation unit 1 has a lower flow force than the adjacent retaining washer 3 and the driver 37 . During assembly, the delimitation unit 1 plastically deformed and the axial play set to zero (see 5a, b ).

The 5a and 5b each show a further section of the freewheel gear 33 to 4th in various assembly states, only the components required for understanding are shown. With the limiting unit 1 between the retaining washer 2 and the driver 34 the axial play S results from the sum of an axial distance 17th the face of the driver 4th up to the stop 5 on the carrier floor 37a and an axial width 16 the axial backlash limiting unit 1 minus an axial width 15th of the roll bundle 34 . Overall, the axial play S is calculated using the following formula as S = 17 + 16-15. The width 16 the limiting unit 1 is in an initial state, i.e. before assembly (see 5a) larger than after assembly (see 5b) . To set the axial play S, the limiting unit 1 during assembly between the retaining washer 2 and the driver 37 plastically deformed in the axial direction A. For this purpose, a force F in the axial direction A is applied to the retaining disk 2 exercised. The axial play A is according to the 4th , 5a and 5b set to zero, that is, the limiting unit 1 is deformed until its axial width 16 is adapted to an axial play S equal to zero.

Claims (8)

Cranking device (100), in particular a starter, for cranking an internal combustion engine, at least comprising a freewheel gear (33) with an inner part (130) and an outer part (140) which is arranged with axial play (S) and interacts with the inner part (130) with axial play ), the axial play of which is limited by at least two axially spaced stops (5) of the freewheel gear (33), the freewheel gear (33) having at least one axial play limiting unit (1) in order to reduce and / or avoid the axial play (S) thereby characterized in that the at least one axial play limiting unit (1) has at least one plastically deformable section, in particular plastically deformable in the axial direction (A). Turning device (100) after Claim 1 , characterized in that the at least one axial play limiting unit (1) is arranged at least on one side of the at least two stops (5) facing the respective other stop (5). Starting device (100) according to one of the previous ones Claims 1 or 2 , characterized in that the at least one axial play limiting unit (1) is at least partially integrated in at least one of the stops (5). Turning device (100) after Claim 1 to 3 , characterized in that a first stop (5a) of the at least two stops (5) is formed by a driver (37), in particular a driver base (37a), the at least one axial play limiting unit (1) adjoining the driver (37) is trained. Starting device (100) according to one of the previous ones Claims 1 to 4th , characterized in that a second stop (5b) of the at least two stops (5) comprises a retaining disk (2) on which the at least one axial play limiting unit (1) is at least partially arranged adjacent. Turning device (100) after Claim 5 , characterized in that the second stop (5b) comprises a guide disk (3) adjoining the retaining disk (2) on the side facing the other stop (5). Turning device (100) after Claim 5 or 6th , characterized in that the retaining plate (2) is at least partially designed as a deformation unit which adjoins the stops before and after assembly. A method for assembling a cranking device (100), in particular a starter, for cranking an internal combustion engine, at least comprising a freewheel gear (33) with an inner part (130) and an outer part (140) with axial play (S) arranged axially with play, the axial play (S) of which is limited by at least two axially spaced stops (5), comprising the step of inserting a section of the inner part (130) of the freewheel gear (33) between two stops (5) so that the section between the stops (5) is arranged, the section between the stops (5) being preloaded in the axial direction by means of at least one axial play limiting unit (1) and thus arranged between the stops (5) with reduced axial play or free of axial play is characterized in that the at least one axial play limiting unit (1) has at least one plastically deformable section, in particular plastically deformable in the axial direction (A).

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