DE102010040527A1 - Starter for an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

A starter for an internal combustion engine has a starter pinion and a pinion shaft, which is designed as a separate component and mounted on a collar of the starter pinion. Furthermore, a receiving mandrel is provided, which is seated on the drive shaft and rotatably connected to the pinion shaft.

Description

The invention relates to a starter for an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.

State of the art

From the DE 102 58 908 A1 For example, an electrically actuable starter for an internal combustion engine is known, which comprises a starter pinion which is meshed for starting in a ring gear of the internal combustion engine. The starter pinion is rotatably coupled to a pinion shaft, but held axially adjustable relative to the pinion shaft, wherein the starter pinion is axially supported relative to the pinion shaft via a Einspurfeder. The Einspurfeder is designed as a helical spring, which is arranged in the interior of the sleeve-shaped pinion shaft.

For assembly, the starter pinion must be pushed through the pinion shaft until a radially projecting heel on the starter pinion comes into abutment with a radially inwardly bent, frontal collar on the pinion shaft. The pinion shaft projects axially beyond the end face of the starter pinion and is driven by a driver which rolls over rollers on a roller collar of the pinion shaft.

The starter is designed to be relatively large in the axial direction. Since during assembly the starter pinion must be pushed through the pinion shaft, the diameter of the pinion shaft must not fall below a defined minimum.

Disclosure of the invention

The invention is based on the object of constructing a starter for an internal combustion engine with simple design measures. According to one aspect of the invention, the diameter of the pinion shaft in the region of the connection with a driver within wide limits should be freely selectable.

This object is achieved with the features of claim 1. The dependent claims indicate expedient developments.

The starter for an internal combustion engine according to the invention comprises a relative to a drive shaft slidably mounted starter or starter pinion, which is rotatably coupled with a pinion shaft designed as a separate component. The pinion shaft is mounted on a collar of the starter pinion, wherein the smallest diameter of the pinion shaft corresponds at least to the outer diameter of the federal government of the starter pinion, so that the pinion shaft is fitted radially outside of the interior of the starter pinion, which receives the drive shaft to the starter pinion.

Furthermore, a receiving mandrel is provided, which is part of the starter and is seated on the drive shaft. The mandrel is rotatably connected to the pinion shaft.

With this tripartite - starter pinion, pinion shaft and mandrel - a modular, flexibly applicable module system can be achieved. The starter pinion and pinion shaft form a pre-assembled subassembly that can be used identically for a variety of applications. Through different interpretations of the mandrel a vehicle-specific adaptation with regard to the total axial length and the roller collar diameter is possible, which is located on the mandrel. Since the assembly of starter pinion and pinion shaft is independent of the mandrel, there are no fundamental restrictions with regard to the diameter of the mandrel. Thus, it is also possible to provide a roller collar diameter on the mandrel, which may be smaller than the inner diameter of the starter pinion.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the pinion shaft in the mounted state does not protrude beyond the end face of the collar of the starter pinion, so that the axial length of the subassembly formed from starter pinion and pinion shaft is determined by the starter pinion.

The starter pinion is expediently axially adjustable relative to the pinion shaft, wherein a spring element for exerting an axial spring force between a shoulder or an end face of the pinion shaft and a shoulder on the starter pinion is arranged. The spring element is annular and designed, for example, as a wave spring and sits as well as the pinion shaft on the collar of the starter pinion, so that the spring element has a larger inner diameter than the starter pinion. The spring element has a pulse damping function in the event that strikes the teeth on tooth on the ring gear of the internal combustion engine during axial advancement of the pinion shaft, the starter pinion. About the spring element and the axial Relativverstellmöglichkeit between starter pinion and pinion shaft of the stop pulse is reduced, at the same time pushes the spring element, the starter pinion in its final Einspurposition in which meshes the teeth of the starter pinion with the teeth of the ring gear.

Due to the axial Relativverstellmöglichkeit between pinion shaft and starter pinion, it is expedient, the pinion shaft via a Secure locking element on the collar of the starter pinion axially. This securing element can be designed as a retaining ring, for example a snap ring, which is received in a circumferential annular groove on the lateral surface of the collar on the starter pinion. According to a further expedient embodiment of the mandrel engages over the securing element radially and fixed in this way the securing element in the axial position on the collar of the starter pinion. The mandrel prevents the fuse element radially expands when exceeding the limit speed of the fuse element and releases from the collar of the starter pinion.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the spring element between starter pinion and pinion shaft is overlapped by a cover, which is in particular annular and has an L-shaped cross-sectional shape. By the cover, the spring element is protected from external influences, in particular from contamination.

In the starter pinion, which is designed as a hollow body, as well as in the receiving mandrel, which also forms a hollow body, each pocket bushings can be used to receive the drive shaft.

The rotationally fixed connection between the receiving mandrel and the pinion shaft, which is preferably at the same time fixed in the axial direction, can be realized in various ways. According to an advantageous embodiment of the receiving mandrel is integrally connected to the pinion shaft, for example by welding. But also comes into frictional or non-positive connection, for example by pressing the mandrel on the pinion shaft, or a general positive connection, for example via a screw connection between the mandrel and the pinion shaft. In cohesive connections also soldering and gluing is considered.

Further advantages and expedient embodiments can be taken from the further claims, the description of the figures and the drawings. Show it:

1 a starter for an internal combustion engine in longitudinal section,

2 in an exploded view, various components of a starter with a starter pinion, a pinion shaft, a spring element and a mandrel,

3 Starter pinion and pinion shaft in the assembled state including a spring element overlapped by a cover plate,

4 the device according to 3 in a longitudinal section,

5 the starter pinion, the pinion shaft and a mandrel, which is connected to the pinion shaft, in the assembled state,

6 the device according to 5 in a longitudinal section,

7 a section transverse to the longitudinal axis in the amount of the spring element or the cover.

In the figures, the same components are provided with the same reference numerals.

In 1 is a starting device 10 shown in longitudinal section. The starting device 10 For example, has a starter motor 13 and an engagement relay 16 on. The starter motor 13 and the engagement relay 16 are on a common drive end shield 19 attached. The starter motor 13 Functionally, it serves a cranking or starter pinion 22 drive it when in the sprocket 25 the internal combustion engine, not shown here is eingespurt.

The starter motor 13 has a pole tube as a housing 28 on, the pole pieces on its inner circumference 31 carries, each from a field winding 34 are wrapped. The pole shoes 31 in turn surround an anchor 37 that made a slats 40 built anchor package 43 and one in grooves 46 arranged armature winding 49 having. The anchor package 43 is on an armature shaft 44 pressed. At the starter pin 22 opposite end of the armature shaft 44 is also a commutator 52 attached, among other things, from individual Kommutatorlamellen 55 is constructed. The commutator bars 55 are in known manner with the armature winding 49 electrically connected in such a way that when the commutator bars are energized 55 through carbon brushes 58 a rotary motion of the anchor 37 in the pole tube 28 results. One between the Einspurrelais 16 and the starter motor 13 arranged power supply 61 supplies both the carbon brushes when switched on 58 as well as the excitation winding 34 with electricity. The armature shaft 44 is commutator side with a shaft journal 64 in a plain bearing 67 supported, which in turn in a Kommutatorlagerdeckel 70 is held stationary. The commutator cover 70 turn is by means of tie rods 73 that go beyond the circumference of the pole tube 28 are distributed (screws, for example, 2, 3 or 4 pieces) in the drive end shield 19 attached. It supports the pole tube 28 at the drive end plate 19 off, and the commutator bearing cap 70 at the pole tube 28 ,

In drive direction closes to the anchor 37 a so-called sun wheel 80 on, the part of a planetary gearbox 83 is. The sun wheel 80 is from several planet wheels 86 surrounded, usually three planet wheels 86 by means of roller bearings 89 on axle journal 92 are supported. The planet wheels 86 roll in a ring gear 95 off, in the pole tube 28 is stored outside. Towards the output side closes to the planetary gears 86 a planet carrier 98 in which the axle journals 92 are included. The planet carrier 98 will turn into an interim storage 101 and a slide bearing arranged therein 104 stored. The interim storage 101 is designed pot-shaped, that in this both the planet carrier 98 , as well as the planet wheels 86 are included. Furthermore, in the cup-shaped intermediate storage 101 the ring gear 95 arranged, which ultimately by a cover 107 opposite the anchor 37 closed is. Also the interim storage 101 supports with its outer circumference on the inside of the pole tube 28 from. The anchor 37 indicates that of the commutator 52 opposite end of the armature shaft 44 another shaft journal 110 on, who also in a plain bearing 113 is absorbed, from. The plain bearing 113 in turn is in a central hole of the planet carrier 98 added. The planet carrier 98 is integral with the drive shaft 116 connected. This drive shaft 116 is with her from the interim storage 101 opposite end 119 in another camp 122 , which in the drive end shield 19 is fixed, supported. The drive shaft 116 is divided into different sections: So follows the section that is in the plain bearing 104 of the interim storage 101 is arranged, a section with a so-called spur toothing 125 (Internal toothing), which is part of a so-called shaft-hub connection, wherein alternatively also a helical toothing is possible. This shaft-hub connection 128 allows in this case the axially rectilinear sliding of a driver 131 , This driver 131 is a sleeve-like extension, which is integral with a cup-shaped outer ring 132 of the freewheel 137 is. This freewheel 137 (Richtgesperre) consists further of the inner ring 140 that is radially inward of the outer ring 132 is arranged. Between the inner ring 140 and the outer ring 132 are clamp bodies 138 arranged. These clamp bodies 138 prevent, in cooperation with the inner and outer ring relative rotation between the outer ring and the inner ring in a second direction. In other words: the freewheel 137 allows a relative movement between the inner ring 140 and outer ring 132 only in one direction.

In the embodiment, the inner ring forms 140 a running as a separate component mandrel, with a pinion shaft 300 rotatably connected, which on a collar of the starter pinion 22 non-rotatably, but with axial adjustment seated. The starter pinion 22 that the helical gearing 143 (External helical teeth), is axially via a spring element 301 at the pinion shaft 300 supported. The starter pinion 22 Alternatively, it can be designed as a straight-toothed pinion. Instead of electromagnetically excited pole shoes 31 with excitation winding 34 It is also possible to use permanent-magnetically excited poles.

Subsequently, the Einspurmechanismus will be discussed. The engagement relay 16 has a bolt 150 on, which is an electrical contact and which is connected to the positive terminal of an electric starter battery, which is not shown here. This bolt 150 is through a relay cover 153 passed. This relay cover 153 closes a relay housing 156 from, by means of several fasteners 159 (Screws) on the drive end plate 19 is attached. In the engagement relay 16 is still a pull-in winding 162 and a so-called holding winding 165 arranged. The intake winding 162 and the holding winding 165 both cause each in the on state an electromagnetic field, which both the relay housing 156 (made of electromagnetically conductive material), a linearly movable armature 168 and an armature conclusion 171 flows through. The anchor 168 carries a push rod 174 , when linear insertion of the anchor 168 towards a shift pin 177 is moved. With this movement of the push rod 174 to the shift pin 177 This is from its rest position towards two contacts 180 and 181 moved, leaving a on to the contacts 180 and 181 End of the shift pin 177 attached contact bridge 184 both contacts 180 and 181 connects electrically with each other. This is done by the bolt 150 electrical power via the contact bridge 184 away to the power supply 61 and thus to the carbon brushes 58 guided. The starter motor 13 is energized.

The engagement relay 16 or the anchor 168 moreover has the task of using a tension element 187 one the drive end shield 19 to move rotatably arranged lever. This lever 190 , usually designed as a fork lever, engages with two tines, not shown here, on its outer circumference two discs 193 and 194 to a between this clamped driving ring 197 to the freewheel 137 towards the resistance of the spring 200 to move and thereby the starter pinion 22 in the sprocket 25 einzuspuren.

2 shows the starter pinion and components connected to the starter pinion. The starter pinion 22 is provided with an external toothing, which meshes in the meshed state with the ring gear of the internal combustion engine. One-piece on the starter pinion 22 is an axially projecting collar 22a formed, which has an external toothing, on which the pinion shaft 300 is pluggable. The pinion shaft 300 is annular and has on its inside a toothing, with the teeth on the collar 22a in meshing engagement is. Thus, in the assembled state, the starter pinion 22 and the pinion shaft 300 coupled rotationally fixed, at the same time an axial relative displacement between pinion shaft and starter pinion is possible.

For axial securing of the pinion shaft 300 on the starter pinion 22 is on the fret 22a adjacent to the free end face a circumferential annular groove 22b placed in a circlip 303 can be used. The circlip 303 prevents the pinion shaft 300 from the federal government 22a of the starter pinion 22 can solve axially.

The pinion shaft 300 has an annular shoulder 300a with reduced outer diameter, on which an annular spring element 301 is seated, which is formed as a wave spring and in the axial direction, a spring force between the pinion shaft 300 and the starter pinion 22 transfers. The spring element 301 has the function of a Einspurfeder and causes a pulse damping in the event of impact of the starter pinion tooth on tooth on the ring gear of the internal combustion engine.

In the assembled state is the spring element 301 from an annular cover part 302 covered, which also on the waistband 22a of the starter pinion 22 can be plugged and is supported on the front side of the toothing of the starter pinion. The cover part 302 has an L-shaped cross-section.

Furthermore, there is a mandrel 140 with a roll collar 140a provided, which in the assembled state fixed to the pinion shaft 300 connected is. The mandrel 140 is formed as a sleeve-shaped component and has in the with the pinion shaft 300 to be connected portion on an inner diameter, the sliding on the pinion shaft 300 allows. In the area of the role federation 140a is the outer diameter of the mandrel 140 reduced, wherein the outer diameter of the roll covenant 140a is determined only by the inner diameter and by a minimum wall thickness. The inner diameter is dimensioned so that sliding on the drive shaft is possible.

As 2 further, are pocket sockets 304 and 305 for receiving the drive shaft in the starter pinion 22 or the mandrel 140 used.

In the 3 and 4 is the starter pinion 22 and the pinion shaft 300 in the assembled state including intermediate spring element 301 as well as cover part 302 shown. These components form a preassembled module that can be used for various application situations. Individual adjustments are made via differently shaped receiving mandrels 140 , which with the pinion shaft 300 to connect 5 ).

As the sectional views according to 4 and 6 refer to the federal government 22a at the starter pinion 22 a larger axial extent than the pinion shaft 300 on. When assembled, the pinion shaft 300 completely on the fret 22a deferred, leaving the free end face of the pinion shaft 300 axially at a distance to the free end face of the covenant 22a lies. The pinion shaft 300 is over the circlip 303 standing in the groove on the waistband 22a is received, axially in its mounted position on the collar 22a secured.

The mandrel 140 is like 6 to be removed, only with the pinion shaft 300 connected. The connection is preferably cohesive, in particular via welding, soldering or gluing.

The one with the pinion shaft 300 connected, annular or sleeve-shaped portion of the mandrel 140 has one. Inner diameter on, which is the outer diameter of the covenant 22a at the starter pinion 22 exceeds, so that an annular space between the lateral surface adjacent to the front side of the covenant 22a and the inside of the mandrel 140 is formed. This annulus allows the mandrel 140 over the circlip 303 postpone. At the same time, the annular space in the radial direction is dimensioned so small that a widening and loosening of the securing ring 303 is prevented when the limit speed of the locking ring is exceeded.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 10258908 A1 [0002]

Claims (11)

Starter for an internal combustion engine, with one opposite a drive shaft ( 116 ) of the starter slidably mounted starter pinion ( 22 ), which with a pinion shaft formed as a separate component ( 300 ) is rotatably coupled, characterized in that the starter pinion ( 22 ) and the pinion shaft ( 300 ) are plugged into each other, wherein the pinion shaft ( 300 ) radially outside of the drive shaft ( 116 ) receiving interior on a collar ( 22a ) of the starter pinion ( 22 ) and that a mandrel ( 140 ) provided on the drive shaft ( 116 ) and rotationally fixed with the pinion shaft ( 300 ) connected is. Starter according to claim 1, characterized in that the pinion shaft ( 300 ) in the mounted state not over the front of the federation ( 22a ) of the starter pinion ( 22 protrudes). Starter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the starter pinion ( 22 ) axially opposite the pinion shaft ( 300 ) adjustable and between starter pinion ( 22 ) and pinion shaft ( 300 ) a spring element ( 301 ) is arranged to exert an axial spring force. Starter according to claim 3, characterized in that the spring element ( 301 ) is designed as a wave spring. Starter according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the spring element ( 301 ) of a cover ( 302 ) is overrun. Starter according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the pinion shaft ( 300 ) via a securing element on the collar ( 22a ) of the starter pinion ( 22 ) is axially secured. Starter according to claim 6, characterized in that the securing element as a retaining ring ( 303 ) executed in a circumferential groove ( 22b ) on the Bund ( 22a ) of the starter pinion ( 22 ) is recorded. Starter according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the mandrel ( 140 ) radially overlaps the securing element and in its position on the collar ( 22a ) of the starter pinion ( 22 ) fixed. Starter according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the receiving mandrel ( 140 ) cohesively with the pinion shaft ( 300 ), in particular welded. Starter according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the receiving mandrel ( 140 ) a role federation ( 140a ) has an overrunning clutch. Starter according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that in the starter pinion ( 22 ) and in the mandrel ( 140 ) each pocket bushings ( 304 . 305 ) for receiving the drive shaft ( 44 ) are used.

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