DE102012024369A1 - Solar system for conversion of solar radiation energy into electrical energy for heating water, has collecting lenses with hollow lens halves connected by hinge, and light and heat sensitive elements arranged as photo cells in lens halves - Google Patents

Abstract

The solar system has multiple collecting lenses (40) with two hollow lens halves connected by a hinge. A disk (19) is provided with a transparent sleeve or connecting elements in the lens bodies, and ridges that are clamped with ropes and are filled with fluid. A plastic film is provided with a portion connected with lens-like chambers that are filled with fluid. Light and heat sensitive elements are arranged as photo cells or silicon cells in the lens halves. A modified quartz clock closing the associated current circuit by the pointer is arranged on the solar system armatures.

Description

The invention relates to a solar system that produce cheap in various sizes, the efficiency is high and works with or without cheap Sonnennachführsystemen.

Solar technology describes the utilization of solar energy by means of technical aids.

According to the state of the art in photovoltaics, the conversion of the sun's radiant energy into electrical energy (solar power) by solar cells of unequal construction, the heating of water or other storage media by solar panels, the planned construction use by conservatories and passive houses and the conversion of solar thermal Energy into mechanical energy with the help of a Stirling engine.

Furthermore, it has long been known that the sunlight can be bundled with collecting lenses made of glass and plastic, so that the light rays falling through the lens meet in a location designated as a focal point, in which high temperatures arise in no time. The disadvantage here is that the conventional lenses made of glass or plastic must be made consuming and expensive in larger form by the amount of plastic or glass used and the costly polishing.

Furthermore, a lens must be held in the proper position relative to the sun and the object or medium to be heated at the focal point. For longer-term use as a solar system, the condenser lens of the sun after season and time of day must be tracked, here are already known for solar panels various expensive power - and controlled systems.

Furthermore, z. B. Scout books, youth films and science programs known that from circular lenses, which is folded and filled in the cavity transparent liquid, a lens body is formed, which is usable as a burning glass. Also lens systems are known for phones that are made of flexible plastic and are filled with liquid. They change their focal length when the applied voltage is changed. Thus, the lens shape for z. B. close-ups adapted.

Based on the shortcomings of the technique used, the invention has the object to provide a solar system that produce cheap in different sizes, the efficiency is high and works with or without a simple, mechanical or electrical Sonnennachführsystem.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that one or more collecting lenses which are made of two hollow, connected by a hinge and a sealing ring, lens halves which have threaded or plug systems, consist of a plate with corresponding plug-in elements and a transparent shell, from a lenticular plastic bag and liquid, consisting of a plate, transparent bodies adhered thereto and a transparent cover, having in or on the lens body connecting elements or connecting straps, ribs tensioned with cables to form the bow, a casing and filled with liquid, made transparent by a bored satellite dish Planes exist and are liquid-filled, part of a plastic film lenticular chambers are liquid-filled, individually or as a lens object with a buoyant body are arranged in the Balasttank, is connected from a consists of bored chamber system and deformable lens shell consists of strained steel skeleton, a transparent shell and water-filled, consist of lens halves in which expansion elements or light and heat sensitive elements such as photocells or silicon cells are arranged, made of adhesive, synthetic resin, glass or plastic or liquid-filled are and in or on a positioning body - or frame in the form of a rotatable disc, a float, a threaded rod, fixed to a bracket or rotatably or slidably or drawably arranged, and by a, over a rope with a weight, or over hydraulically actuated systems such as levers, fluid containers and floats, or via springs, gears, or motorized, or via device elements such as strainers in hemispherical lattice shadowed chambers in which bimetallic or low boiling point fluids are disposed are, or have a modified quartz clock which closes the hands of different circuits belonging to servomotors and this solar system thermally insulated rooms or containers are arranged, which have fittings such as piping and devices or machinery such as steam engines or Sterling engines, which one successively controlled Enable heat use and immobile suspended in the focus of the lens equipped with a shading or in the vicinity of the solar system or mobile on tracks, wagons or cranes or arranged as part of a house.

The condenser lens

In a simple embodiment, two hollow lens halves ( 50 ) connected to a hinge, provided with a sealing ring on one or both lens halves and a closable filler neck for liquid, so that the lens halves are easy to manufacture and transport.

In another embodiment, the lens halves have a plug-in system or corresponding threads on the edge so that they are screwed or mated under water to allow bubble-free filling of the lens. In a particular embodiment, for the production of the liquid-containing lens, a circular plate made of transparent material (US Pat. 47 ) are used, in which several holes are mounted over the entire surface. In them are made of transparent material such as glass or plastic and different lengths rods ( 49 ) arranged at right angles to the plate. These rods form in their proper placement in their entirety the biconvex lens body over which then a thin translucent film ( 48 ), heated and then fixed. Subsequently, the body is filled with water, then arises in a cost-effective manner without the use of an injection molding machine or a large-scale hot deformation of a flat plastic surface, a large collecting body body. When not mounted without water filling, the items weigh little, consume little space and are so cost-effective to any place in the world transportable.

In another embodiment, the lens halves are made of translucent adhesive or synthetic resin, which is applied to produce the lens in a lenticular recess of a workpiece and cured there. The resulting lens halves are provided with a sealing ring connected by a hinge and filled with water. Here also special thermoplastic Kunsstoffe can be used with low melting point.

In a simple form, the lens consists of a clear plastic bag into which colorless liquid with a clear gelling agent is added. The bag is placed between two plano-convex halves of the lens until the solidification process in the fluid is complete so that the bag retains its lens shape. Conveniently, the liquid and the agent contained in it are such that the hardened in the bag lens body can be removed from the bag forming it and cures in the air crystal clear. In a further embodiment, the lens bodies consist of old window glass, which is placed on a plano-convex steel lens body and heated with a gas burner, so that the glass adapts in the liquid heated state of the lens mold. In another form, transparent glass spheres of different diameters, which are inexpensive to produce, are glued on a circular glass pane in such a way that they form a semicircular lens in their contour. Over the balls a transparent film is placed, which closes the lens space, also this lens is composed of two halves and filled with water.

In one form connecting systems are formed on the lenses so that they are assembled, pushed or screwed without additional body, and together form a fixed shape such. B. form a semicircle. These fasteners consist either of flexible, deformable material, they have joint and pivot points or are as a guide system such. B. formed a dovetail guide with a correspondingly large in certain tolerance movable counterpart to the arranged next Lise.

In a simple form, the lenses are formed on their planar edge as a plastic ring or foil, are arranged in the holes, so that the lenses are screwed together overlapping each other. Here, with correspondingly small screws and rubber washers with harder lens material, a displacement path or bending path necessary for the shape of the solar power plant is made possible. In another arrangement, a plurality of liquid-filled collecting lenses are arranged on a frame and glued together, then the solar system is set up without the frame at the site.

In another form, the base body consists of plexiglas rods arranged in a cross or a star shape, which are fastened with a tire or a transparent nylon cord either circular or as a chord along its length at its outwardly pointing end, so that they form an arc , Also in this model, a translucent film is stretched on the construction, the two lens halves connected, sealed and filled with water. For more stable, larger lens designs, the technique is carried out with metal struts and correspondingly stable wires or steel cables. The clamping technique achieves the concave outer shape required for the convergent lens with very little effort. For cost-effective production, this method is used to produce from many strained to the bow struts a precise lenticular shape, in which then glass, plastic or other materials are introduced and molded by casting, heating or other types of compound or forming into lens shells or lens bodies.

In a favorable form is a satellite dish, as a base for a condenser lens used. Hundreds of holes are placed side by side in the bowl, creating a lenticular screen. In the shell, a plastic film is placed, it can be glued into it. Another transparent film is stretched over the bowl and attached to the edge, then the lens body is filled from the films with water and sealed. The satellite dish stabilizes the lens, gives it the right shape and can be shined by the sunlight. The satellite dishes are widely used, inexpensive to manufacture and made of easily machinable material. Depending on the desired collecting lens shape, two satellite dishes are screwed together with lens body, so that a biconvex lens is formed.

The lenses are in a further embodiment part of a plastic film ( 5 ), similar to the bubble transport foils over air bags ( 6 ), which have the shape of a condenser lens. The air pockets are filled in the manufacturing process with translucent liquid or filled after the manufacturing process with a hypodermic needle and then sealed. Conveniently, the plastic film is weather resistant, so that the lens function is maintained over a long time. This film is attached to a semicircular metal frame ( 7 ), which can be moved up and down, so that the lenses, whose common focus is in the center of the temple, can be adjusted in position to the course of the sun. Depending on the position of the sun, the light always falls through at least one convergent lens, is bundled in the focal point and heats an object there ( 8th ) or a medium such as water or gas that can store the heat so that it can be slowly drained off. In another embodiment, the film with the lenses over a hemispherical framework ( 7 ), in the center of which is the commodity to be heated, an object ( 8th In another embodiment, the converging lenses of solid material or fluid-filled with metal sheets, plastic webs or other fasteners are connected so that they themselves form the arc that simulates the sun's rays. The elements are designed as a plug connection. Again, there is a scale at the foot of the collecting lens bow which facilitates manual alignment.

In a further embodiment, the converging lenses are connected in a hemispherical manner, so that even when the structure is rotated, no matter where the sun is, a lens is exposed to sunlight, no sun tracking system is required.

In another embodiment, the hemispherical lens structure or one of the other embodiments of the lens system with a buoyant body ( 11 ) or formed as such, so that the lens system can be used on the water. Here it serves among other things the drinking water production. The focal point is a container in which seawater is vaporized by the heat generated in the focal point, the steam rises in cooling, condenses and can be used as drinking water. At the same time, in a steam boiler ( 46 ) is a steam engine which is located in the focal point of the lenses, generates steam, the steam engine generates either via a connected generator electrical power for operating a in a pipe system ( 12 ) connected pump or the steam engine drives the pump mechanically connected.

In another embodiment, the individual lenses are on their own racks, their focus is on a container that performs under the various lenses and contains a medium such as water, oil or gas. So it is possible to arrange safe fire protection devices for each lens individually. At the same time it is possible in this Ausführuung that the lenses do in sunlight at different times at different locations different processes. One lens produces potable water and the other uses a Sterling engine to power pumps to pump drinking water into piping systems. In a favorable embodiment, in the lens system, the container in which the heated medium or article is located is connected to a connected space or container which is thermally insulated so that the heat of the medium or article is maintained for a long time and after and can be used after when the sun is not shining. In this room or this container, various systems such as a hot water system for houses, steam boilers for operating a steam engine or the arrangement of a sterling motor to obtain mechanical energy for operating a generator for generating electricity are integrated.

In a particular embodiment, the lens consists of a chamber system and a deformable plastic sheath. This lens is firmly anchored in position, water flows from a container into the first chamber and changes the outer shape of the lens so that it is aligned as a converging lens with an exact focus to the sun. The chambers, which are made of translucent material, are connected by openings. Through these openings clear liquid flows slowly into the next chamber, so that the lens body changes according to the sun's course. A large liquid tank supplies the Lens with the water flowing through it or other translucent liquid.

In another form, which is intended for very large lenses, steel skeletons are set up in lens form, hung in carrying and pivoting joints, and the structure is covered with a translucent film. In this hollow body lichtduchlässige liquid is arranged, converging lenses with a diameter of thirty meters are thus produced. Here, too, spars are tensioned with a steel cable fastened at their ends, so that a uniform arcuate profile is created. The star-shaped mutually arranged spars form a concave-shaped structure that connected to a gleichfömig constructed counterpart form the actual lens body.

In a special form, the lenses are made of a deformable plastic, are incorporated in the expansion elements. These expansion elements consist of bimetal strips, bimetallic springs, chambers in which arranged liquids with low boiling point. This lens is in a version unmoved and roughly aligned to the year-related state of the sun. When the sun's rays fall on the lens, the stretching elements expand and deform the lens surface connected to it so that the entire lens is aligned exactly with the sun so that a sharp outlined focal point is created on the material to be heated.

Similarly, in the lens body are arranged photoelectric elements such as silicon cells or photoelectrodes which register the state of the sun and send electrical signals to servomotors, which swings the entire water-filled lens into position to the sun and tracks the sun.

In a further embodiment, the water-filled lens is arranged in its pivoting device so that it is roughly aligned with the seasonal state of the sun. It is equipped with a tracking system consisting of a solar panel with segmented individually controlled solar modules or a plate with photosensors that can register the sun's incidence and convert it into electrical signals. A grid is arranged above this solar module or photocell plates, so that only one cell at a time is illuminated with sunlight in accordance with the state of the sun. The system detects where the sun is at which point in time and follows the lens via sun actuators.

In another embodiment, on the pivot frame in which the large water-filled lens is arranged vertical and horizontal water-containing containers arranged through a small hole in the containers, the water drips into a receptacle, and the lens tilts according to the position of the sun in the correct position. The next day, the containers are filled again with water and the lens can be operated for another day.

The sun tracking systems

In a simple embodiment, two mutually parallel bracket is built on the floor, this two spars of metal or wood, each with a rope as a chord to two sheets stretched. The arches are fixed to the ground or buried in the ground in such a way that a path is created between the arches that corresponds to the course of the sun. For this construction, a rope is placed around the condenser lens, with this rope, the lens is placed between the two arches. The rope is connected to a weight hanging in an excavated hole. The two sheets are soaked with resin so that the rotating between them lens can not spin. The weight is chosen to pull the lens pressed by its weight between the two brackets according to the speed of the sun's course from rolling from the starting point to the end point. At the end of a day, the lens is rewound with the rope and set in the fore next morning between the stirrups. The process starts again.

In a further Ausfomung be on a plate-shaped, rotatably mounted disc ( 19 ) whose central axis is inclined, at the edge, one or more converging lenses ( 40 ), in the middle of which the object to be heated by the sunlight ( 20 ) or the medium is located. On the disc, a weight is attached, which, following gravity, the disc with the lens rotated. On the disc, its foot or frame, an inhibiting system is mounted, which consists of the known from the prior art elements or devices. By way of example, plastic brushes are mentioned here, which slowly allow the weight to gradually sink along them. But also between disc axis and Scheibenfuss Hemmsysteme can be arranged, for. B. a fat layer between the receiving disc and lens disc, which causes a friction adhesion, so that the lens disk is moved uniformly slowly with the migrating sun. Roll layers whose coefficients of friction are adjustable are also arranged between the disk and the axle.

In another form, at the edge of the plate-shaped, lens-carrying disc is a thin cord or rope ( 39 ), which is wrapped several times around the disc. About roles ( 23 ) is this string with a weight ( 24 ), which either hangs in a hole in the ground or with the string over rolls over a higher object, as a branch fork a wall o. Ä. Is led. The weight pulls the lens disk of the sun with its weight force, at night the rotation is not interrupted, so that this sun tracking system can run for several days automatically.

For operating locations where few resources are available, the disk ( 19 ) over the line a water tank ( 26 ) In its simplest design, a plastic mineral water bottle with cut bottom arranged. A floating body ( 25 ) hangs at the end of the string ( 19 ), a tiny hole is drilled or pricked into the lid of the bottle, so that the water in the bottle drips slowly from the bottle into another container, which moves the lens disc drawn on the string exactly with the movement of the sun. In another embodiment, the end of the string is tied to a stick or the like which is hingedly connected to a vertically standing object such as a wall, a pole or a wall. Between wall and floor, the two levers ( 40 ), there is a water-filled balloon ( 42 ), or another compressible or foldable body such as a bellows, which has a small opening, so that the water in it exits in a controlled manner and drips into a collecting vessel. The movable lever, to which the cord is attached to the lens wheel, continuously sinks to the ground on the water-losing, decreasing balloon and moves the lens-bearing, slanting disc with the lens ( 40 ).

For a solar system running mechanically for several weeks, the wrapping cord ( 39 ) are arranged on her in a day and a night period corresponding cord length different sized or differently shaped body attached. The cord runs with the bodies arranged on it by horizontally arranged in a channel located at high position weight body having different sized and differently shaped openings. The passing through them during operation body actuate a, located in the bodies lying in the gutter closure, z. B. in the form of a bolt, so that the weight is locked in this position on the cord. The weight is pulled out of the channel by the weight hanging down in front of it, thus ensuring a constant drive of the lens-bearing disc. Thus, the lifting height is used several times for several driving weights on the same cord or rope, the solar system can take longer Be operated without anyone having to restart it manually.

In another embodiment, the lens is placed in a rack which is mounted around a vertically standing object such as a threaded rod (fig. 30 ) running. Here is the condenser lens ( 29 ) in a holding joint ( 34 ) arranged pivotally. She circles the pole and drives in her support frame, on which also an additional weight body ( 33 ), the container or the object ( 36 ) to be heated, are arranged on a parallel to the threaded rod second rod ( 28 ) arranged semicircular bracket ( 35 ) equipped with an inhibiting system, such as brushes ( 37 ), a particular rough or greasy surface. In the lens holding frame, a wheel can be arranged, the bearing allows an accurate adjustment of friction, even small gear or other inhibiting systems of the prior art are here in the connection threaded rod - holding device or in the connection holding device - profile guide arc ( 35 ) can be arranged. At the guide arches holding rod ( 28 ) are several of these arches ( 35 ) is positioned so that the lens passing over it is aligned in the holder to the sun and a precise bundling of the rays on the body to be heated ( 36 ) is guaranteed.

Without Sonnennachführung the solar system comes from, in which in one embodiment on the inclined plate-shaped disc ( 39 ) along the edge perpendicular to several converging lenses ( 40 ) are arranged, in whose focal point to the axial center of the disc a container ( 20 ) or a body is annealed, which is heated by the radiation. Conveniently, the container or body has a semicircular shape so that it is at the focal point of all the lenses. The lenses are conveniently made of lens shells and a clear liquid located between them to achieve effective radiation utilization, more lenses are placed over the half lens ring on the disc in the interstices of the lenses, their focal points also directed to the container or the body are.

In another embodiment, on the inclined disc ( 39 ) or another movably mounted, sun-oriented device one or more converging lenses arranged. The disc or device is driven by a drive ( 45 ) is rotated, so that the lens (s), no matter what position the sun is in, throw a clearly defined focus on the container or object at the focal point. It is much easier and less expensive to build and operate a device with a constantly rotating, electrically powered disk or device than to track lenses of the sun.

But also known from the prior art Sonnennachführsysteme can be operated with the lens disk, Here, the inclination of the axis can be adjusted according to the season and the lens position with the disc according to the time of day.

In other form, the system has brackets ( 13 ) or other guiding or lens guiding systems that are motor driven and electronically controlled both the bracket ( 13 ), as well as the lenses located on it to the sun aligns and moves accordingly. For this purpose, servomotors are arranged on the bracket with the lens guide system, which control the position of the bracket to the sky and the position of the lens on the bracket and regulate, in another form, the bracket is manually adjusted depending on the season, this is on the foot of the bracket one Scale ( 17 ), so that a simple adjustment is possible. The temple has a stand ( 17 ) to which a scale is attached, so that the position of the stirrup can be adapted to the different seasons, depending on the location. In another form hangs on the lens on the strap a string, led to the end of a weight ( 14 ) into a hole in the ground ( 15 ) so that the weight pulls the lens in the guide system over the bracket with its weight on the cord or rope. An obstruction system located in the lens guide system, hanging weight, or other location of the solar system causes the lens to slide or roll over the bracket at a speed commensurate with the sun's tide.

In another form, the condenser lens becomes one of a plurality of rods ( 66 ), which are connected via joints. In these joints ( 65 ) contain chambers, which in turn bimetallic springs ( 59 ) or liquids that have a large extent at low temperature increase due to solar radiation due to their nature. The chambers are under a hemispherical grid ( 61 ), so that, depending on the position of the sun, only one respective chamber is exposed to sunlight and the object located in this chamber, such as a bimetallic spring ( 59 ) or a low boiling point liquid is heated therein. As this element expands, the rod connected by the joint shifts ( 66 ) of the construction, and the lens attached thereto is aligned with the sun. In this way, a low-maintenance sun tracking system can be built that works without a power supply.

In another form, the expansion elements such as bimetal or liquid chambers are integrated and separated with sheets in two at right angles to each other angeodneten drum-like bodies, so that here only one expansion element is heated depending on the position of the sun. The lens is connected via linkage with the drum-shaped bodies and is continuously tracked with the expansion of the elongated body of the sun.

In another embodiment, an ordinary quartz watch is used as a sun tracking tool. Above the dial is a drum, over which several current-conducting tracks are pulled out of, for example, copper wire. At the hands is a current-conducting wire, which closes a circuit with the moving pointer to the drum via the corresponding lines and so via actuators the lens, which is arranged in a frame, the sun tracks.

In a particular embodiment, for the production of the liquid-containing lens, a circular plate made of transparent material (US Pat. 47 ) are used, in which several holes are mounted over the entire surface. In them are made of transparent material such as glass or plastic and in their length different rods ( 49 ) arranged. These rods form in their different length and the correct placement in the circular plate the biconvex body over which then a thin translucent film ( 48 ) is pulled and fastened. Subsequently, the body is filled with water, then arises in a cost effective manner without the use of an injection molding machine or a large-scale hot deformation of a flat plastic surface, a large collecting body. When not mounted without water filling, the items weigh little, consume little space and are so cost-effective to any place in the world transportable.

In another version, seawater is used to build a large converging lens. For this purpose, a steel frame ( 55 ) which forms the skeleton of the condenser lens, on floats ( 56 ), which have a ballast tank ( 58 ), so that the steel frame can be lifted from a position under water to a position above the water surface. A translucent tarpaulin is pulled over the frame located in the water, so that a lenticular large container enclosed by the tarpaulin arises. In the Balasttanks air is blown in with a compressor, so that the frame rises obliquely out of the water. The arranged around the large lens floats or their Balasttanks be distended by a control with so much compressed air, that the large lens is aligned with the sun. The control allows the lens to migrate in alignment with the sun. At their focus containers are arranged, which allow a targeted warming. At the focal point of the lens seawater is heated, it evaporates into a arranged above the focal point Abkühlbehältnis and is pumped as drinking water in pipes on land. In a further favorable form, the compressed air that is blown into the individual floating bodies is generated by the converging lens itself. Seawater is heated in a container in focus, and the steam generated drives a compressor, which generates the compressed air for the floating bodies. In areas where there are few resources and there is no steel skeleton, a large arch can be made with flexible rope with bendable thin logs as described above ( 61 ), which corresponds to the concave shape of a lens. Star-shaped arranged with each other and braced with ropes, they form the basic skeleton of the condenser lens. This wood structure is covered with a light-permeable tarpaulin ( 62 ) and filled with water. The efficiency of the technique is enhanced when the water obtained by steam condensation is used as the filling liquid for the lens, here all the contaminants of the water are eliminated, the light transmission of the lens is increased and its efficiency is increased.

In another form of a condenser lens filled with seawater, air chambers are arranged in the lens body itself, which allow the water-filled lens to be set up. The alignment with the sun takes place via Sonnennachfürsysteme described in this application, but it is also possible to build such a lens near the beach and to position the object to be heated at its focal point. Wherever seawater is available, drinking water can be produced or cooked, for example, with little resources. The translucency of commercially available, transparent plastic films is not optimal but this is compensated by the larger diameter of the lens.

The heat-insulated room, the heat-insulated container

In a further embodiment, the object to be heated or the medium to be heated, or the heat storing the heat is surrounded with a thermally insulated container or space, so that a rapid flow of heat from the heated body or the medium is prevented. For this purpose, known from the prior art methods, materials and methods are applicable. The heated body, which may be referred to here as a red-hot steel carrier, serves as a heat store for further use. Suitable equipment is used to heat water over a long period of time when the sun is not shining, to heat the house but also to use heat to power a Stirling engine.

In a form, a heat-insulated container or a heat-insulated space is arranged around the medium, the object or the container, which is located at the focal point of the lens, in which the heated Good or the heated object after heating at high temperatures is stored longer. The container is heat insulated with the means known in the art, while the interior of the container is similar to a vacuum jug separated by a vacuum from the outside environment, or it is lined with various heat-resistant insulating materials. On or in this container plants are installed in a favorable form, which use the heat of the container in the object or the medium for further processes. A Stirling engine generates electricity via an electric generator, piping carries water to heat a house on the hot body, and a steam engine in combination with an electric generator is also arranged here. In this construction, the solar system is placed in the immediate vicinity of the place of consumption, it is in a simple form part of a house, the heat-insulated rooms or containers are as heating chambers made of metal and also have a thermal insulation to the outside of the house.

The transport systems

In countries with many days of sunshine in which steam locomotives are still available, the large collecting lenses heat water tanks, and the pressurized steam is used for various applications and for driving the steam locomotives. In mobile form, large lenses on the locomotive or attached car, aligned with the sun or arranged in large numbers so that always a lens is aligned with the sun exactly. As described, several magnifying glasses can form a semicircle via connecting elements, so that, no matter in which direction the train travels, a bundled light beam always lies on a container in the center of the semicircle with water or another product to be heated. With this construction, a generator can be driven, which provides electric power to drive the locomotive.

In a particular embodiment for systems with large converging lenses, the container or body heated at the focal point of the lens is stored on rails or special vehicles so that they are pushed or pulled out of the focal point of the lens in a heated condition into a thermally insulated space can. In very large systems, the container or article to be heated is stored on rails which have a connection to the railway track network. After heating at the focal point, the heated material is thermally insulated and transported by rail to the place of use. In this way, the heated material can be transported as quickly as possible to different locations and used there. On the other hand lens systems are built with shading systems along vohandener roads, roads or rails, under them drives the respective vehicle with the goods to be heated under the focus of the lens, the shading system of the lens is opened, the goods are heated, thermally insulated and transported to the destination. Part of this system is that the heated objects or media are systematically routed past storage locations where the heat is used for further processes. For example, it can be generated via a steam engine or a Sterling engine Duckluft that store the energy over a long time and z. B. can be used for compressed air-powered vehicles.

For the various processes operated or assisted with heating Well, similar to a key lock system, the object to be heated is adapted to the process. By way of example, a steel beam is called, which is heated to high temperatures with the solar system and can then be further processed with less energy. The goods to be heated can have any Agregatszustand, liquid brine, as it is used in collectors, gasfömige substances, the processes z. As in the chemical industry influence or just solid twill, which absorb the heat and spokes. The shape of the objects to be heated is adapted in a favorable form the isolated heat rooms of the house. This enables systems in which standards are easier to define and comply with.

It makes sense to operate the solar systems concentrated in sunny areas, here fire protection measures can be connected to different systems cost, in a formation is located above a solar system or the focal point of the lens a container of sand, in critical situations and fire hazard to the good is drained at the focal point.

Claims (20)

Solar system, characterized in that one or more collecting lenses which are connected from two hollow, connected by a hinge and a sealing ring, lens halves which have threaded or plug systems, consist of a plate with ntsprechenden plug elements and a transparent shell, consist of a lenticular plastic bag and liquid , consist of a plate, glued on transparent bodies and a transparent shell, in or on the lens body have connecting elements or connecting straps, made with ropes to the bow strained ribs, a shell and liquid filled, consist of a provided with holes satellite dish transparent tarpaulins and Are filled with liquid, part of a plastic film the lenticular chambers are filled with liquid, individually or as a lens object with a buoyant body are arranged in the Balasttanks, is connected from a through holes ver Tight chamber system and deformable lens shell consists of strained steel skeleton, a transparent shell and are filled with water, consist of lens halves in which expansion elements or light and heat sensitive elements such as photocells or silicon cells are arranged, are made of adhesive, resin, glass or plastic or liquid-filled and in or on a positioning body - or frame in the form of a rotatable disc, a float, a threaded rod, fixed to a bracket or rotating or push or pull are arranged, and by a, about a rope with a weight, or hydraulically operated Systems such as levers, liquid containers and floats, or by means of springs, gearboxes, or motorized, or via device elements such as expansion bodies in chambers with a hemispherical lattice shadowed chambers in which bimetallic elements or low boiling point liquids are arranged, od he has a modified quartz watch on the pointer different circuits belonging to actuators circuits closes and this solar system thermally insulated rooms or containers are arranged, which have fittings such as piping and devices or machinery such as steam engines or Sterling engines that allow a successive, controlled heat and immobile at the focal point of the shaded lens or in the vicinity of the solar system, or mobile on tracks, wagons or cranes, or arranged as part of a house. Solar system according to claim 1, characterized in that the collecting lenses are part of a plastic film and are filled with liquid Solar system according to claim 1, characterized in that the collecting lenses are interconnected with connecting elements that can be deformed without tools. Solar system according to claim 1, characterized in that is arranged under individual collecting lenses on its own racks a passing through all lens focal points body or container. Solar system according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of lenses connected by connecting elements arranged in their body are arranged in a semicircle around a common focal point. Solar system according to claim 1, characterized in that the lens system is arranged on one or more buoyant bodies with balast tanks arranged around the lens. Solar system according to claim 1, characterized in that one or more lenses are tracked on a bow-shaped or plate-shaped guide system of the sun. A solar system according to claims 1 and 7, characterized in that the bow-type guiding system has a mechanical escapement such as brushes and a weighted pulling system by which the moving lens is moved in or over it at the speed of the sun's course. Solar system according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat-absorbing substance or the heat-absorbing object from the focal point area can be pushed or pulled into a heat-insulated space connected by rails to the combustion area or a heat-insulated container. Solar system according to the above claims, characterized in that the converging lens is guided in a guide system around a vertical body such as a threaded rod and sinks by the dead weight to the ground Solar system according to claim 1 and 9, characterized in that the converging lens is arranged pivotally mounted in the guide system to all sides and is changed by formations such as cams, which are arranged on the vertical body in its position to the vertical body. Solar system according to the above claims, characterized in that the device carrying the lenses is coupled to a sun tracking system. Solar system, according to the above claims, that the sun tracking system consists of a cord attached to the lens holding device, a cable or a rope, at the end of which a weight body is arranged Solar system, according to claim 1 and 13, characterized in that weight bodies are arranged suspended in the system and is designed as a floating body Solar system according to the above claims, characterized in that the weight body is arranged in a liquid-filled container with adjustable outlet opening or compresses a liquid-filled body with adjustable outlet opening Solar system, according to claim 1, 14 and 15, characterized in that the adjustable outlet openings consists of two inter-coupled taps or check valves Solar system according to the above claims, characterized in that the convergent lens consists of one of a plurality of interconnected chambers, which is filled via a liquid tank with translucent liquid and which is surrounded by a bendable lens cover. Solar system according to the above claims, characterized in that in the shell of the converging lens or in its body expansion elements such as bimetals or low-boiling liquid are arranged. Solar system according to the above claims, characterized in that, in a solar system operated by one or more weights, the weights are arranged in series in a groove above the system, through which runs a cable to which a plurality of bodies corresponding to the shapes of the openings in the weights are arranged are. Solar system according to the above claims, characterized in that the sun tracking systems with the expansion elements are shaded by a hemispherical grid and are part of a frame carrying the condenser lens.

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