DE102012006283A1 - Solid ingredients and solid laden ingredients of seaweed - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to solid components and solid laden components of kelp for use as fertilizers, cultivators, recultivation, as a water reservoir, for greening and / or improving the soil structure, such. B. in agriculture and for greening of dry and desert areas.

Description

The present invention relates to solid components of seaweed, which were loaded with a liquid or solution and then preferably dried again. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of solid constituents and solid laden constituents of seaweed in particular for use as fertilizers, cultivating agents, recultivation, as water storage, for greening and / or improving the soil structure, such. B. in agriculture and for greening of dry and desert areas.

In order to improve problematic plant locations and soils, preference is given to using mineral earths in landscaping. In wet and clayey locations with insufficient air, the use of mineral earths should sustainably support the airflow and crumb structure. The plant roots can develop ideally in the loosened soil. On sandy soils, the addition of mineral earth increases the water capacity of the soil. In the process, the mineral earths bind the liquid through their absorption into their porous structures. Thus, the use of mineral earths provides better aeration of the soil, increases the water capacity, improves rooting, optimizes the rewet of the soil and thus promotes the entire soil life.

In general, mineral soils have only a mediocre absorption capacity for liquids. In the case of perlite, this mediocre capacity can be increased by heating at very high temperature (> 900 ° C). By heating the pearlite is inflated (expanded), whereby the water absorption capacity is increased many times. However, this method is very costly and harmful to the environment, since a high energy consumption is needed. Furthermore, the porous structure of the mineral earth ensures that liquids can be absorbed into these structures, but also the discharge of water takes place again relatively quickly, whereby a longer retarded water delivery is not possible.

In general, mineral minerals such as perlite, bentonite and zeolite belong to the class of soil improvers intended to act on the soil but do not themselves contain essential nutrients. Therefore, it would be desirable to provide a product which has both the properties of a soil adjuvant, i. H. as a cultivating agent or recultivation agent to improve the soil structure and in particular the water absorption capacity of the soil contributes, but also acts as a natural fertilizer and thus promotes soil greening and nutrient input into the soil.

Surprisingly, it has now been found that kelp solids have excellent properties as a storage substrate for liquids or solutions, such. B. for water and / or for the liquid content of kelp or for various solutions of pesticides, fertilizers, insecticides, oils, crude oils, oil binders or other substances.

Sea kelp is traditionally harvested from the sea in kelp producing countries such as Indonesia and then dried on land, exposing the kelp to the sun for several weeks in the fresh air. After drying, this leaves only the solid constituents of the seaweed, which are usually used (> 90%) unprocessed directly as starting material in the production of carrageenan. In small quantities, the dried seaweed is further processed into chips by mechanical comminution.

The solid components of such dried seaweed, so seaweed, which was dried after harvest from the sea and then z. B. is processed into chips, have no appreciable water absorption capacity and therefore are not suitable for use as soil improvers. At the same time, during the drying step in the sun, the bioactive substances in the seaweed are decomposed by microorganisms or degraded by solar radiation and heat.

It has now been found that the solid components of undried kelp, i. H. Seaweed harvested from the sea and not dried but directly processed mechanically, d. H. Separation of the liquid and solid components, drying and processing of the solid components z. B. to pellets, a many times higher water absorption capacity than the solid components obtained from dried seaweed. Even more astonishing in this context was the fact that the dried solid constituents from the fresh seaweed also have a higher water absorption capacity compared to all mineral minerals investigated, which even exceeds the water absorption capacity of inflated perlite.

This was therefore so surprising, since the solid constituents of seaweed were not previously known to have a particular water absorption capacity, especially not to the extent shown in the present invention. The binding of water in the solid components of seaweed, which were obtained from undried seaweed, is likely to occur through the formation of hydrogels. In this case, the water probably binds to bio-polymers whose molecules are chemically, z. By non-covalent or ionic bonds, or physically, e.g. B. by looping the polymer chains are linked to a three-dimensional network. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it appears that the solid constituents recovered from dried kelp do not subsequently absorb water to the extent that is possible in the solid constituents recovered from undried kelp ,

It is therefore important according to the invention that the harvested and optionally washed or optionally cleaned seaweed is not dried, but is further processed in the wet or moist and in any case not dried state, the simplest further processing being the separation of liquid seaweed components and solid seaweed components. This separation can be accomplished in the simplest case by pressing. The solid kelp ingredients obtained after this separation can then be dried without losing the beneficial properties of water storage or liquid storage or oil adsorbents.

The seaweed solid constituents have a water content of from 50% to 70% by weight after separation from the liquid components of the seaweed, and after drying the seaweed solids still have a water content of 15% by weight. to 40% by weight.

These dried seaweed solids can be prepared in the form of granules, pellets, granules, sticks, mats or fabrics and have an enormous binding capacity for liquids such as e.g. As water or aqueous solutions and oils, which is 2 to 8 times its own weight, d. H. 100 g of these solid constituents of the seaweed can, depending on the state of drying, absorb 200 g to 800 g of water or oil.

The suction capacity or binding capacity of liquids such as water or oils can be determined according to known methods such as. Example by means of the gravimetric method.

Compared to the water binding in mineral earths, which absorb the water only physically in the porous structures, the formation of hydrogels is further advantageous because the release of water from such hydrogels is slower than from the porous structures and thus the water can be stored longer than in the Mineral earth and thus over a longer period of time again. This is z. B. in the greening of dry areas and drying zones important because the solid components of seaweed store the dew in the morning and deliver over a prolonged period of mineral earth during the hot lunch and afternoon time again. After sustained release of water and other stored substances that are important for the plants, the solid components of the seaweed are finally biodegraded, so that constant fertilization is no longer necessary. At the same time, the solid components of seaweed fulfill the same tasks as mineral earths eg. As perlite, in which they contribute to better aeration of the soil, an increased water capacity, an improvement in rooting, the optimization of the re-humidification of the soil and thus the entire soil life.

• 1a) Gewinnung von Seetang aus dem Meer,
• 2a) Trennung des ungetrockneten Seetangs in feste Bestandteile und flüssige Bestandteile.

Thus, the invention relates to the use of solid constituents of seaweed as fertilizers or cultivators or reclamation agents or agents for water storage or greening of dry and desert areas, wherein the solid components of the seaweed are prepared by the following process:

• 1a) recovery of seaweed from the sea,
• 2a) Separation of undried seaweed into solid ingredients and liquid ingredients.

Sea kelp is commonly referred to as any of the sea floor life forms that are multicellular thalli. Seaweed is found z. B. under the green algae, red algae and brown algae. Seaweed has high levels of minerals, potassium, magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus and plant growth factors such as the indole acetic acid derivatives.

Of particular commercial importance for the production of kelp products are the following sea kelp species, in particular Eucheuma, chondrus and gigartina species such as: Betaphycus gelatinum (Eucheuma gelatinae), Chondrus crispus (Irish Moss), eucheuma cottonii (Kappaphycus alvarezii or cottonii), Eucheuma denticulatum (Eucheuma spinosum or spinosum), Gigartina canaliculata, Gigartina skottsbergii, Mastocarpus stellatus (Gigartina stellata), Hypnea musciformis, Sarcothalia crispata (Iridaea ciliata) and Mazzaella laminaroides (Iridaea laminaroides).

The term "fertilizer" as used herein refers to any material that is delivered to plants to promote their growth.

The term "cultivating agent" or "recultivation agent" as used herein refers to any material that enhances the biological, physical or chemical soil condition or effectiveness of fertilizers.

"Soil Improvement" as used herein encompasses any effect that improves the soil and air balance, root penetration and / or nutrient availability in the soil.

The term "adsorbent" as used herein refers to a substance capable of absorbing and holding a liquid or oil.

Preferably, the freshly harvested kelp is processed directly after harvesting and undried. The term "undried" as used herein refers to the fact that the seaweed is not subjected to a drying step after being harvested from the sea. This means that the water content in freshly harvested kelp is not reduced, eg. B. by drying in the air, in sunlight, by heating or by too long storage of seaweed. Fresh seaweed has a water content of about 90 weight percent (wt .-%). Although the seaweed is processed as quickly as possible, naturally it comes from the sea after harvesting the seaweed and through transport to losses in the water content of the seaweed. Thus, the term "undried" is defined to mean that the kelp still has a water content of> 75% by weight of water. The water content is the amount of water in the kelp based on its mass. A water content of 85% by weight means that 85% of the mass of kelp is water and 15% of the mass of kelp are substances that are not water. The water content in seaweed can be detected by known methods, such. B. using the gravimetric method.

The term "dried" as used herein means that kelp is dried after harvesting and optionally washing or cleaning (preferably salt water cleaning). This drying is traditionally done in the air in sunlight. This drying is carried out without first separating into liquid and solid kelp constituents. Therefore, the seaweed, traditionally dried after harvesting, without separation into liquid and solid components is called "dried seaweed". This definition does not exclude that, of course, the sea kelp according to the invention and the kelp loaded according to the invention can also be dried. Should therefore be expressed that the sea kelp according to the invention and the seaweed loaded according to the invention is in dry form, this kelp is of course also referred to as dried, but it is important that this kelp was not dried after harvesting but first undried in liquid and solid ingredients was separated.

Thus, the term "undried" as used herein means that the kelp harvested from the sea may be washed and drained and then separated into liquid and solid components, preferably by cutting / pressing. The seaweed, which is not deprived of water by drying after harvesting, is therefore undried. H. Seaweed is undried when the water content has decreased by not more than 15% by weight, preferably not more than 10% by weight, between harvesting and separation into liquid and solid components.

The term "liquid constituents of seaweed" refers to those constituents which are obtained in liquid form by cutting and compressing the freshly harvested and optionally washed and optionally drained seaweed.

Accordingly, as "solid ingredients of seaweed" are meant those ingredients which are obtained in solid form by cutting and compressing the freshly harvested and optionally washed and optionally drained seaweed. These solid components are not dry immediately after their recovery and can be dried.

After harvesting, the seaweed is preferably drained but not allowed to dry, so after harvesting, the seaweed is thoroughly washed with seawater only. As dirt, sand and others to remove gross impurities, and then be further processed directly in the wet or wet state. Between harvesting and further processing, the loss of water in undried kelp is less than 15% by weight and preferably less than 10% by weight. The otherwise usual drying in air is eliminated, whereby the bacteria formation and fungal formation is significantly minimized, which in turn has a positive effect on the preservation of the bioactive substances in the kelp.

The separation of the solid and liquid components as well as the further processing of the solid components to a free-flowing product can be prepared by known methods such. 1) comminution processes (eg granulator, Muser), 2) dewatering process (centrifuge, hydraulic, mechanical or belt press). The products thus obtained may be in the form of pellets, granules or granules.

The term "solid constituents" describes the kelp constituents which after processing, i. H. remain after hydraulic or mechanical pressing or processing in a belt press or centrifuge.

Thus, as used herein, the term "solid components of seaweed" includes all forms such as e.g. B. processing into pellets, granules, mats, tissues, containers, etc ..

The term "liquid constituents" thus describes, analogously to the solid constituents, the liquid kelp constituents which are obtained by dewatering processes from the kelp.

• 1b) Behandlung des ungetrockneten Seetangs mit einer wässrigen Kaliumhydroxidlösung und/oder einer wässrigen Kaliumchloridlösung bei einer Arbeitstemperatur unter 50°C für nicht länger als 6 h.

In a further step, the kelp may also be treated with an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution and / or potassium chloride before it is separated into the liquid and solid components. The method then includes the step:

• 1b) Treatment of the undried kelp with an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution and / or an aqueous potassium chloride solution at a working temperature below 50 ° C for no longer than 6 h.

• 2b) Die Verarbeitung der festen Bestandteile des Seetangs zu rieselfähigen Granulaten, Pellets oder streufähigen Bestandteilen oder zu Matten, Gebinden oder Geweben.

In a further embodiment, the solid components of seaweed used for fertilizer or cultivating or recultivation purposes or for planting desert areas are prepared by a method further comprising the step of:

• 2b) The processing of seaweed solids into free-flowing granules, pellets or dispersible components or mats, packages or tissues.

As "mats" surface containers of the solid constituents of the seaweed are referred to, which may be one to several centimeters thick, similar to the well-known grass mats or turf. These mats can be used to cover larger areas. Through these mats plants can be planted in the soil, which are supplied with water by the ability of the mats to store water from the solid components of the kelp.

As "container" three-dimensional larger tissue from the solid laden components of the seaweed are referred to, which z. B. can fill flower pots or which can be placed around the roots of newly inserted shrubs and trees.

In addition, these mats or containers can be used to bind oil, because the solid laden components of seaweed not only have a very good absorption capacity for aqueous solutions or liquids but also absorb and bind oils very well. Therefore, the use of these mats and containers for cleaning oil-contaminated areas offers.

In this connection, it was completely unexpected and unexpected to those skilled in the art that the solid constituents of seaweed can take up many times their own weight of water, the aforementioned solutions or the liquid constituents of the seaweed. The solid laden components of the seaweed according to the invention may be up to 4 times, preferably up to 5 times, more preferably up to 6 times, more preferably up to 7 times, more preferably up to 8 times, further preferably up to 9 -fold, and more preferably up to 10 times its own weight (ie its own mass) of water or aqueous solution.

The uptake capacity is the amount of liquid or solution that is taken up to complete saturation. The comparison of the absorption capacity is carried out by determining the weight before recording and after recording. The absorption capacity in the sense of the description is thus defined as the amount of liquid or solution in g of the solid constituents of the seaweed or another to was absorbed within a defined time at room temperature, based on the weight before ingestion of the liquid or solution.

According to the present working method, the products usually have a residual moisture of about 25-35 wt .-%, whereby they preferably do not stick to each other and are therefore free-flowing. As a result, the handling and transport of the solid kelp ingredients are greatly simplified. The storage of the product also takes up much less space. In this context, "free-flowing" means that the kelp products (eg pellets) do not form lumps and stick together and can therefore be poured.

As can be seen from Table 1, the kelp solids still contain all the valuable bioactive substances such as vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, proteins, fats and plant growth factors from the seaweed in the final free flowing granules, pellets or tissues. Add to this the immense water absorption capacity, which is more than 400% of your own weight. The invention thus discloses the use of a highly concentrated natural water-storing fertilizer substrate, which releases the bioactive substances slowly and for a long time. Continuous watering and fertilization is therefore no longer necessary as the solid components of kelp release water and nutrients slowly and over a longer period of time. Tab. 1 The use of seaweed solid components as a soil regenerator compared to the products available on the market Solid seaweed ingredients from undried seaweed Mineral rocks, alumina, volcanic earth Synthetic superabsorbent polymer / SAP Water retention capacity ++++ ++ > ++++ Content of biological plant growth factors +++> ++++ (loaded) --- ---- Content of minerals K, Mg +++ ++++ ---- Environmentally friendly in production ++++ + (inflated mineral rocks) --- reduction 1 year > 2 years (depending on the material) > 25 years ++++: very high
+++: high
++: mediocre
+: little
----: very bad or absent

Table 1 shows that the water retention capacity is even higher for a synthetic superabsorbent polymer than for the undried seaweed of the present invention, which polymers are not environmentally friendly to manufacture and are almost non-biodegradable and contain no nutrients.

The water retention capacity is defined as the capacity of a given substance (0.5 g) to absorb water at room temperature (24 ° C) for a defined period of time (10 minutes).

The mineral rocks have only a higher mineral content and cut otherwise worse than the undried seaweed according to the invention, which can be increased by loading the mineral content in the invention loaded seaweed still arbitrarily and therefore can easily exceed the mineral content of the mineral rock. In addition, the important biological plant growth factors are missing in the mineral rocks.

In this context, a further aspect of the invention has emerged. It has been shown that the solid components of seaweed are repeatedly loaded with liquid or solution and dried can, without losing their superior properties as a storage substrate. By repeatedly loading the already very nutrient-rich solid components of seaweed are further "refined".

• 3a) Beladen der festen Bestandteile des Seetangs mit den flüssigen Bestandteilen des Seetangs oder mit einer Lösung eines Düngers oder mit einer Lösung eines Pflanzenschutzmittels oder mit einer Lösung eines Insektenschutzmittels oder mit einer Lösung eines Schutzmittels gegen Toxine oder mit einer Lösung eines Schutzmittels gegen radioaktive Stoffe oder radioaktive Strahlung oder mit einer Lösung eines Bindemittels für Öl oder mit einer Lösung eines Gemisches zweier oder mehrerer der vorgenannten Mittel,
• 4a) Trocknen der festen beladenen Bestandteile des Seetangs.

Thus, in a further embodiment, the process for producing the solid components of seaweed, which are used for fertilizer or cultivation or reclamation or for planting dry and desert areas, comprises the further steps of:

• 3a) loading the solid components of seaweed with the liquid components of kelp or with a solution of a fertilizer or with a solution of a plant protection product or with a solution of an insect repellent or with a solution of a toxin protection agent or with a solution of a radioactive material protection agent or radioactive radiation or with a solution of a binder for oil or with a solution of a mixture of two or more of the aforesaid agents,
• 4a) drying the solid laden components of seaweed.

• 5a) Ein- oder mehrmalige Wiederholung der Schritte 3a) und 4a).

In a further embodiment, the process for the preparation of the solid components of seaweed, which are used for use as fertilizers or cultivating or recultivation agents or for planting dry and desert areas comprises the further step:

• 5a) One or more repetitions of steps 3a) and 4a).

• 3b) Verarbeitung der festen beladenen Bestandteile des Seetangs zu rieselfähigen Granulaten, Pellets oder streufähigen Bestandteilen oder zu Matten oder Geweben.

In a further embodiment, the process for the preparation of the solid components of seaweed, which are used for use as fertilizers or cultivating or recultivation agents or for planting dry and desert areas comprises the further step:

• 3b) processing the solid laden components of seaweed into free-flowing granules, pellets or dispersible components or mats or tissues.

In this embodiment, the kelp solids are first mixed with the liquid components of kelp or with a solution of a fertilizer or with a solution of a plant protection product or with a solution of an insect repellent or with a solution of a toxin protection agent or with a solution of a radioactive protection agent Loading substances or radioactive radiation with a solution of a binder for oil or with a solution of a mixture of two or more of the aforementioned agents and then processed the loaded solid components of seaweed into free-flowing granules, pellets or dispersible components or mats or fabrics.

In a preferred embodiment, the solid components of seaweed, which z. B. after the aforementioned method comprising the steps 1a) to 3a) were obtained, loaded with active ingredients, protective substances or other nutrients to achieve a further protective or promotional effect. The unexpected excellent storage capacity for water or liquids and / or solutions in general as well as the nutrients already contained in the solid components of seaweed make the solid laden components of seaweed a very good fertilizer and cultivator or recultivation agent because these solid components are in dry zones In addition, soak up the dew and delayed over the day to the environment and to fertilize or fertilize or cultivate plants and provide the degradation products of the solid laden components of seaweed nutrients for the plants to be fertilized or cultivated.

By loading the solid components of seaweed z. As with crop protection agents or with a solution of an insect repellent or with a solution of a protective agent against toxins or similar agents, the solid laden components of the seaweed perform several functions simultaneously. In addition to the property of fertilizer, soil conditioner and water absorber, the targeted selection of solutions can achieve further positive effects. Crucial here is the high absorption capacity of the solid laden components of the seaweed according to the invention, which makes it possible to get large amounts of additives in the kelp.

The "loading" of the solid components of seaweed can be achieved in various ways. The solid components of seaweed can z. B. are immersed in the liquid or solution.

Of course, it is possible to load the solid components of seaweed with different liquids or solutions. This can be z. B. be achieved in that the solid components are loaded with the first solution or liquid and dried and loaded in a further step with a second solution or liquid and dried. Alternatively, the solid components of the seaweed may also be loaded with a mixture of the liquids or solutions to be loaded.

• 1a) Gewinnung von Seetang aus dem Meer,
• 2a) Trennung des ungetrockneten Seetangs in feste Bestandteile und flüssige Bestandteile,
• 3a) Beladen der festen Bestandteile des Seetangs mit den flüssigen Bestandteilen des Seetangs oder mit einer Lösung eines Düngers oder mit einer Lösung eines Pflanzenschutzmittels oder mit einer Lösung eines Insektenschutzmittels oder mit einer Lösung eines Schutzmittels gegen Toxine oder mit einer Lösung eines Schutzmittels gegen radioaktive Stoffe oder radioaktive Strahlung oder mit einer Lösung eines Bindemittels für Öl oder mit einer Lösung eines Gemisches zweier oder mehrerer der vorgenannten Mittel,
• 4a) Trocknen der festen beladenen Bestandteile des Seetangs.

Furthermore, the invention also encompasses the solid laden components of seaweed obtained by the following method, comprising or consisting of the following steps:

• 1a) recovery of seaweed from the sea,
• 2a) separation of undried seaweed into solid ingredients and liquid ingredients,
• 3a) loading the solid components of seaweed with the liquid components of kelp or with a solution of a fertilizer or with a solution of a plant protection product or with a solution of an insect repellent or with a solution of a toxin protection agent or with a solution of a radioactive material protection agent or radioactive radiation or with a solution of a binder for oil or with a solution of a mixture of two or more of the aforesaid agents,
• 4a) drying the solid laden components of seaweed.

• 5a) Ein- oder mehrmalige Wiederholung der Schritte 3a) und 4a).

In a further embodiment, the method for producing the solid laden components of the seaweed according to the invention further comprises the following step:

• 5a) One or more repetitions of steps 3a) and 4a).

The solid laden components of seaweed are very well suited for use as fertilizers or cultivators or recultivation agents. The use of these solid laden components of seaweed as fertilizers or cultivating or recultivation is preferably carried out in agriculture, horticulture, in dry areas and deserts and in areas affected by environmental disasters. Thus, the solid laden components of the kelp according to the invention open up a wide range of applications, ranging from the use as fertilizers in agriculture over the cultivation of dry zones and desert areas and use as a water storage to the reclamation of decontaminated areas by z. As oil, chemicals or radioactive materials.

By "repeated loading" is meant that the kelp is loaded with a liquid or solution to be subsequently dried again. This process can be repeated several times. The substances, nutrients, minerals, substances, active substances, chemicals etc. contained in the liquid or solution remain in the solid constituents of the seaweed after drying.

If desired, the product may be dried under an infrared device or in an oven. This step of drying and loading can be repeated as often as desired.

Furthermore, it has been shown that the storage capacity of the solid laden components of the seaweed does not decrease significantly even after repeated loading. Once the solid laden components of the seaweed have been distributed in the soil, they can be completely soaked again by simply irrigating. Furthermore, the leachate formation and the associated nutrient leaching is reduced. In the medium to long term, the solid laden components of seaweed are degraded in the soil and thus leave no unwanted residual products.

It is known that the liquid content of seaweed contains useful minerals and growth hormones (indoleacetic acid derivatives) for the growth of plants ( Zodape et al., International Journal of Plant Production, 3, April 2009, 1735 ). Thus, there is great interest in using both the solid components of seaweed and the liquid portion of seaweed as fertilizer.

Preferably, therefore, the solid components of the kelp are soaked with the liquid components obtained in step 2) of the process. This process can be repeated as often as desired, which means that the solid laden components can absorb a multiple of bioactive substances.

Experiments have shown that, compared to a pure fertilization with the liquid constituents of the seaweed, the one-time treatment of the soil with the solid laden components of the seaweed (loaded with the liquid constituents of the seaweed) according to the invention leads to an increased plant growth. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the delayed release of the bioactive species from the solid laden components of the seaweed is responsible for this effect. In addition to the nutrients that have been applied by loading to the solid components of seaweed, the solid components of the kelp itself contain nutrients that are released into the environment or to the soil by way of the degradation of the solid constituents.

Thus, the seaweed solid laden components of the present invention combine the properties of a water reservoir and soil adjuvant with the properties of seaweed as a fertilizer. The solid laden components of seaweed can thus z. B. used in agriculture as a water reservoir, soil conditioner, soil loosening and also as a natural fertilizer.

• 2b) Verarbeitung der festen Bestandteile des Seetangs zu rieselfähigen Granulaten, Pellets oder streufähigen Bestandteilen oder zu Matten, Gebinden oder Geweben.

In a further embodiment, the process by which the solid laden components of the seaweed according to the invention are obtained comprises the further step:

• 2b) processing of seaweed solids into free-flowing granules, pellets or dispersible components or mats, packages or tissues.

In this embodiment, the solid components of kelp are processed directly into free-flowing granules, pellets or dispersible components or mats or fabrics, which then only in the subsequent step with the liquid components of kelp or with a solution of a fertilizer or with a solution of a pesticide or with a solution of an insect repellent or with a solution of a protective agent against toxins or with a solution of a radioactive material protection agent or radioactive radiation with a solution of a binder for oil or with a solution of a mixture of two or more of the aforementioned agents.

• 3b) Verarbeitung der festen beladenen Bestandteile des Seetangs zu rieselfähigen Granulaten, Pellets oder streufähigen Bestandteilen oder zu Matten oder Geweben.

In a further embodiment, the process by which the solid laden components of the seaweed according to the invention are obtained comprises the further step:

• 3b) processing the solid laden components of seaweed into free-flowing granules, pellets or dispersible components or mats or tissues.

In this embodiment, the kelp solids are first mixed with the liquid components of kelp or with a solution of a fertilizer or with a solution of a plant protection product or with a solution of an insect repellent or with a solution of a toxin protection agent or with a solution of a radioactive protection agent Loading substances or radioactive radiation with a solution of a binder for oil or with a solution of a mixture of two or more of the aforementioned agents and then processed the loaded solid components of seaweed into free-flowing granules, pellets or dispersible components or mats or fabrics.

In a preferred embodiment, the solid laden components of the kelp are Kelpaphycus alvarezii kelp.

• 1a) Gewinnung von Seetang aus dem Meer,
• 2a) Trennung des ungetrockneten Seetangs in feste Bestandteile und flüssige Bestandteile,
• 2b) optional Verarbeitung der festen Bestandteile des Seetangs zu Granulaten, rieselfähigen Pellets oder streufähigen Bestandteilen oder zu Matten, Gebinden oder Geweben.
• 3a) Beladen der festen Bestandteile des Seetangs mit den flüssigen Bestandteilen des Seetangs oder mit einer Lösung eines Düngers oder mit einer Lösung eines Pflanzenschutzmittels oder mit einer Lösung eines Insektenschutzmittels oder mit einer Lösung eines Schutzmittels gegen Toxine oder mit einer Lösung eines Schutzmittels gegen radioaktive Stoffe oder radioaktive Strahlung oder mit einer Lösung eines Bindemittels für Öl oder mit einer Lösung eines Gemisches zweier oder mehrerer der vorgenannten Mittel,
• 3b) (Optional) Die Verarbeitung der festen Bestandteile des Seetangs zu Granulaten, rieselfähigen Pellets oder streufähigen Bestandteilen oder zu Matten oder Geweben.

In a preferred embodiment, the solid laden components of the kelp are used as fertilizers or cultivators or recultivation agents, wherein the solid loaded kelp ingredients were prepared by the following procedure:

• 1a) recovery of seaweed from the sea,
• 2a) separation of undried seaweed into solid ingredients and liquid ingredients,
• 2b) optional processing of the solid components of seaweed into granules, free-flowing pellets or dispersible components or to mats, containers or tissues.
• 3a) loading the solid components of seaweed with the liquid components of kelp or with a solution of a fertilizer or with a solution of a plant protection product or with a solution of an insect repellent or with a solution of a toxin protection agent or with a solution of a radioactive material protection agent or radioactive radiation or with a solution of a binder for oil or with a solution of a mixture of two or more of the aforesaid agents,
• 3b) (Optional) The processing of seaweed solids into granules, free-flowing pellets or dispersible components or mats or fabrics.

Thus, a process results in steps 1a), 2a), 3a), 3b), where the loading is carried out prior to processing the solid components of the seaweed into free-flowing pellets or spreadable components or to mats or fabrics. The solid laden components of seaweed are preferably dried before further processing into granules pellets, grit, mats or tissue takes place. In the method with the steps 1a), 2a), 3a), 2b) the loading after processing takes place to pellets, grit, mats or tissue.

As described herein further, this step follows either the step with the same letter and the previous number or number and the previous letter. Thus, step 5a) follows step 4a) and step 2b) follows step 2a) and step 3b) follows step 3a).

By the term "liquid" is meant any matter in the liquid state of matter and thus corresponds to the general understanding of the term liquid. According to the invention, the solid components of the Seaweed impregnated with any liquid, this is not limited to water, but includes in particular liquid fertilizer of any kind, solutions of a pesticide or solutions of an insect repellent or solutions of a protective agent against toxins or solutions of a protective agent against radioactive substances or radioactive radiation or with a solution of a binder for oil or with a solution of a mixture of two or more of the aforementioned agents.

In a further aspect of the invention, it has been found that the use of the kelp solids or the solid laden constituents of the kelp also in combination with one or more substances selected from the group of lava rocks, mineral rocks comprising zeolite, kaolin, bentonite, perlite, Blähperlit and / or synthetic acrylate polymers such as sodium polyacrylate is advantageous.

Thus, the invention relates to the use of the combinations of solid components or solid laden components of kelp with one or more of said substances. Depending on requirements, the fertilization of the soil can be achieved in favor of a further increased absorption capacity or another effect by appropriate mixtures.

• 1a) Gewinnung von Seetang aus dem Meer,
• 2a) Trennung des ungetrockneten Seetangs in feste Bestandteile und flüssige Bestandteile,
• 2b) optional Verarbeitung der festen Bestandteile des Seetangs zu rieselfähigen Granulaten, Pellets oder streufähigen Bestandteilen oder zu Matten, Gebinden oder Geweben.
• 3a) Beladen der festen Bestandteile des Seetangs mit den flüssigen Bestandteilen des Seetangs oder mit einer Lösung eines Düngers oder mit einer Lösung eines Pflanzenschutzmittels oder mit einer Lösung eines Insektenschutzmittels oder mit einer Lösung eines Schutzmittels gegen Toxine oder mit einer Lösung eines Schutzmittels gegen radioaktive Stoffe oder radioaktive Strahlung oder mit einer Lösung eines Bindemittels für Öl oder mit einer Lösung eines Gemisches zweier oder mehrerer der vorgenannten Mittel,
• 3b) optional Verarbeitung der festen beladenen Bestandteile des Seetangs zu rieselfähigen Granulaten, Pellets oder streufähigen Bestandteilen oder zu Matten oder Geweben.
• 4a) Trocknen der festen beladenen Bestandteile des Seetangs,
• 5a) optional ein- oder mehrmalige Wiederholung der Schritte 3a) und 4a),

in Kombination mit einer oder mehrerer Substanzen ausgewählt aus der Gruppe Lavagesteine, Mineraliengesteine umfassend Zeolit, Kaolin, Bentonit, Perlit, Blähperlit und/oder synthetische Acrylatpolymere wie Natriumpolyacrylat.Furthermore, the invention also includes the solid laden components of seaweed, obtained or obtainable by the following process:

• 1a) recovery of seaweed from the sea,
• 2a) separation of undried seaweed into solid ingredients and liquid ingredients,
• 2b) optional processing of the solid components of seaweed into free-flowing granules, pellets or dispersible components or to mats, containers or tissues.
• 3a) loading the solid components of seaweed with the liquid components of kelp or with a solution of a fertilizer or with a solution of a plant protection product or with a solution of an insect repellent or with a solution of a toxin protection agent or with a solution of a radioactive material protection agent or radioactive radiation or with a solution of a binder for oil or with a solution of a mixture of two or more of the aforesaid agents,
• 3b) optional processing of the solid laden components of seaweed into free-flowing granules, pellets or dispersible components or to mats or tissues.
• 4a) drying the solid laden components of the seaweed,
• 5a) optionally one or more repetitions of steps 3a) and 4a),

in combination with one or more substances selected from the group of lava rocks, mineral rocks comprising zeolite, kaolin, bentonite, perlite, expanded perlite and / or synthetic acrylate polymers such as sodium polyacrylate.

The following examples describe preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not to be considered as limiting the invention. For a person skilled in the art common alternatives and obvious embodiments and modifications of the present invention are deemed to be covered by the present invention covered by the claims.

Examples

example 1

Kelp pellets

Production of solid components of seaweed

1 kg fresh kelp Kappaphycus alvarezii was briefly washed with seawater and then comminuted in a homogenizer with a sieve size of 200-500 microns. The slurry was further processed in a press apparatus. From the pressing device pellets were obtained with uniform grain size and a residual moisture content of about 40-50%.

The pellets are already free-flowing. If desired, the pellets can be further dried under UV lamps, in a drying oven or under sunlight. Due to the small particle size and larger surface area of the particles a shorter drying time and a lower residual moisture can be achieved (<25%, compared to the standard residual moisture in dry seaweed 38%).

Example 2

Liquid fraction of kelp (kelp juice)

From the processing of the fresh seaweed to the solid pellets, the liquid fraction of seaweed ("juice") is produced as a by-product, which until now had to be disposed of but can now be converted into a useful product.

Kelp pellets prepared as in Example 1 were soaked in the juice and then dried. A part of the liquid fraction was dried to a powder by the spray drying method. Tab. 2 Substances and minerals in spray-dried liquid fraction from kelp *) Results unit carbohydrates 6.35 % protein 4.80 % fat 0.70 % calcium 568.85 mg / 100 g potassium 878.50 mg / 100 g magnesium 903.17 mg / 100 g sodium 5,790.69 mg / 100 g iron 3.11 mg / 100 g zinc 2.30 mg / 100 g chrome 55.0 μg / 100 g iodine 78.70 Total energy 50.90 Kcal / 100 g 209 KJ / 100 g *) By spray drying, 38 g of powder are obtained from 1 kg of kelp liquid fraction (3.8%)

Example 3 - Absorbance of seaweed pellets for water, oil and for the kelp liquid fraction

The absorption capacity of pellets consisting of undried kelp or

dried seaweed should be compared with each other and with the uptake capacity of perlite. The dried seaweed was freshly harvested from the sea and dried for about 2 weeks in the sun until a residual moisture of about 35% has set. The dried seaweed was cut small (about 1-2 mm grain size). The undried kelp was also freshly harvested from the sea, washed only briefly, cut and then separated by pressing in liquid and solid seaweed components (grain size about 1-2 mm).

The slices of conventionally-dried seaweed, the pellets of seaweed solids and the swelling pearlite were loaded with water or with the liquid fraction recovered from the seaweed. For this purpose, liquid was applied to 0.5 g shredded dried seaweed, pellets or

Puffed perlite given. After 10 minutes, the liquid was decanted, filtered and then the loaded products weighed. Weight gain after treatment was determined and the uptake capacity of the products was determined (Table 3).

Tab. 2. shows that the undried kelp pellets have excellent storage substrate properties for water and kelp liquid ingredients, exceeding even that of inflated perlite.

Pellets made from fresh seaweed show superior properties as a storage substrate for e.g. As water or for the liquid fraction of kelp. Surprisingly, it turned out that the undried kelp pellets absorbed more water than dried seaweed pellets (20x factor) and could even hold more water than expanded perlite. This was particularly true even when the pellets were loaded with the liquid components of the seaweed. Tab. 3 Capacity of fluid intake of different products Loading capacity with water Liquid fraction of seaweed oil Dry seaweed pellets * 36.23% --- 11.5% Pellets from undried kelp ** 619.03% 364.28% 128.9% Puffed perlite 450% 297.51% Not measured *) Residual moisture 35%
**) Pellets, residual moisture 28%

Example 4 - Loading capacity of the seaweed pellets with the liquid fraction of the seaweed with repeated loading

The pellets (0.5 g) prepared from fresh, undried seaweed as described in Example 3 were loaded with the liquid fraction from the kelp to saturation (about 5 minutes) and then weighed. Thereafter, the pellets were dried at 70 ° C for 180 minutes in a drying oven. After the first drying, the pellets were reloaded, weighed and dried under the same conditions. The process was repeated so that the pellets were loaded a total of three times.

Table 4 shows that the pellets can be loaded several times with kelp liquid fraction. The pellets produced in this way can be loaded with up to 1000% (1 g of pellets - 10 g of liquid fraction with three loadings) of their own weight. Thus, the pellets can be used as a natural carrier system for fertilizer which releases the bioactive substances slowly over a longer period of time.

In this context, it is surprising that the loading capacity of the pellets was only slightly reduced by the repeated loading (12-15% reduction per load), so that a 5 to 10 times loading of the pellets is possible. Tab. 4 Absorption capacity of the pellets after repeated loading with the liquid fraction from the seaweed Pellets from undried kelp Absorption of the liquid fraction of seaweed Load% K umulative% 1st loading 364 --- 2nd loading 309 674 3. Loading 271 944 *) Pellets, residual moisture before loading 28%

Example 5 - Influences of seaweed pellets loaded with the liquid components of seaweed on plant growth

The effects of liquid fraction-impregnated seaweed pellets on the growth of plants were studied on the fast-growing water / swamp plants Ipomoea rectans. Ipomoea rectans (about 15-20 cm, 15 g each) were planted in a pot.

The pot contained either wet mud without an additive, wet mud with addition of liquid seaweed fraction (final concentration 5% of the liquid seaweed fraction) or wet mud with loaded seaweed pellets (final concentration 5% calculated on the concentration of liquid seaweed fraction).

The liquid seaweed fraction or seaweed pellets loaded with liquid seaweed fraction were added only once to the wet slurry and mixed well.

The plants were grown outdoors at temperatures of about 27-31 ° C. The observation time was 10 days. After the observation period, the plants, including roots, were removed from the slurry, rinsed with water, dried and weighed.

Table 5 shows that the addition of the liquid components of the kelp promoted the growth of the plant. The addition of the loaded kelp pellets, however, further enhanced this effect. This is probably due to the upgrading (loading) of seaweed pellets with the liquid components of seaweed, which has enriched the pellet with other bioactive substances and thus further increases the release of bioactive substances during the degradation of the pellets. Tab. 5 Influences of seaweed pellets loaded with the liquid components of seaweed on plant growth Weight gain% Without additive (control) With addition of liquid seaweed fraction 42 (Final concentration 5%, ie 5 g of liquid seaweed fraction on 100 g of soil) 72 Extra seaweed pellets (final concentration of liquid seaweed fraction 5%, ie 5 g of liquid seaweed fraction was applied several times to 0.5 g of pellets and to 100 g of soil). 112

Example 6 - Loading capacity of seaweed pellets and mixtures of seaweed pellets with various substances

To compare the uptake capacity of different products, pellets (1 g) prepared from fresh, undried kelp as described in example 3 were loaded with water or the liquid components of the kelp to saturation (about 5 minutes) and then weighed. This procedure was also carried out with pellets of fresh, dried seaweed and with the substances and mixtures of substances listed in Table 6.

After loading, the products were weighed. The weight gain after treatment was determined and the uptake capacity of the products was determined.

It was found that the water absorption capacity of the loaded kelp pellets, which were prepared from undried kelp, was far superior to all other substances tested. The water absorption capacity of the loaded kelp pellets could be further increased by admixture with sodium polyacrylate. Even a small admixture of sodium polyacrylate (20%) increased the water absorption capacity to more than 1000%. Tab. 6 Water absorption capacity of different substances and substance mixtures Substances / substance mixtures Wasseraukapazfnahmeität Individual substances zeolite 1: 0.95 95% kaolin 1: 1:52 152% bentonite 1: 1.88 188% * Expanded perlite 1: 3.97 397% Bloat Perlite (raw) 1: 4.00 400% Kelp pellets made from dry seaweed 1: 0.40 40% Kelp pellets from undried kelp 1: 19.06 619% sodium polyacrylate 1: 36.00 3600% Mixture of two substances Seaweed Pellets **: Zeolite (70:30) 1: 3.05 305% Kelp Pellets **: Bentonite (70:30) 1: 20.03 320% Kelp pellets **: kaolin (70:30) 1: 3.36 336% Seaweed Pellets **: Bloat Perlite * (70:30) 1: 4.00 400% Seaweed pellets **: sodium polyacrylate (80:20) 1: 15.11 1115% Mixture of three substances Zeolite: Bloat Perlite *: Seaweed Pellet ** (40:30:30) 1: 22.03 322% Kaolin: Bloat Perlite *: Seaweed Pellets ** (40:30:30) 1: 23.03 323% Bentonite: Bloat Perlite *: Seaweed Pellet ** (40:30:30) 1: 3.35 335% Zeolite: Kelp Pellets **: Sodium Polyacrylate (50:40:10) 1: 5:57 557% Kaolin: seaweed pellets **: sodium polyacrylate (50:40:10) 1: 5.87 587% Bentonite: Kelp Pellets **: Sodium Polyacrylate (50:40:10) 1: 5.99 599% Seaweed Pellets **: Bloat Perlite *: Sodium Polyacrylate (60:30:10) 1: 6.94 694% Bloat Perlite *: Seaweed Pellets **: Sodium Polyacrylate (50:40:10) 1: 31.07 731% *: Blähperlit 0.841 micron
**: Kelp pellets from undried kelp

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited non-patent literature

• Zodape et al., International Journal of Plant Production, 3, April 2009, 1735 [0059]

Claims (15)

Use of solid constituents of seaweed as fertilizers or cultivators or recultivation agents or agents for storing water or for greening of dry and desert areas, wherein the solid components of seaweed are prepared by the following procedure: 1a) recovery of seaweed from the sea, 2a) Separation of undried seaweed into solid ingredients and liquid ingredients. Use according to claim 1, wherein the process for obtaining the solid components of seaweed further comprises the steps of: 3a) loading the solid components of seaweed with the liquid components of kelp or with a solution of a fertilizer or with a solution of a plant protection product or with a solution of an insect repellent or with a solution of a toxin protection agent or with a solution of a radioactive material protection agent or radioactive radiation or with a solution of a binder for oil or with a solution of a mixture of two or more of the aforesaid agents, 4a) drying the solid laden components of seaweed. Use according to claim 2, wherein the method further comprises step 5a): 5a) One or more repetitions of steps 3a) and 4a). Use according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, wherein the method further comprises step 2b): 2b) processing of seaweed solids into free-flowing granules, pellets or dispersible components or mats, packages or tissues. Use according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the method further comprises step 3b): 3b) processing the solid laden components of seaweed into free-flowing granules, pellets or dispersible components or mats or tissues. Use according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the kelp is Kappaphycus alvarezii. Use according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the seaweed solid components are used in combination with one or more substances selected from the group comprising lava rocks, mineral rocks, zeolite, kaolin, bentonite, perlite, expanded perlite and / or synthetic polyacrylates such as sodium polyacrylate. Solid laden components of seaweed having a residual water content of less than 40 wt .-%, wherein the solid components of kelp with the liquid components of kelp or with a solution of a fertilizer or with a solution of a pesticide or with a solution of insect repellent or with a Solution of a protective agent against toxins or with a solution of a protective agent against radioactive substances or radioactive radiation or with a solution of a binder for oil or with a solution of a mixture of two or more of the aforementioned agents are loaded. Solid laden ingredients of seaweed according to claim 8, wherein the solid laden components are dried. Solid laden components of seaweed according to claim 8 or 9, in the form of free-flowing granules, pellets, dispersible components, mats or fabrics. Fixed loaded. Ingredients of seaweed obtained or obtainable by the following procedure: 1a) recovery of seaweed from the sea, 2a) Separation of undried seaweed into solid ingredients and liquid ingredients. 3a) loading the solid components of seaweed with the liquid components of kelp or with a solution of a fertilizer or with a solution of a plant protection product or with a solution of an insect repellent or with a solution of a toxin protection agent or with a solution of a radioactive material protection agent or radioactive radiation or with a solution of a binder for oil or with a solution of a mixture of two or more of the aforesaid agents, 4a) drying the solid laden components of seaweed. Solid laden ingredients of seaweed according to claim 11, the method further comprising step 5a): 5a) One or more repetitions of steps 3a) and 4a). Solid laden components of seaweed according to claim 11, Order 12, the method further comprising step 2b) or 3b): 2b) processing of seaweed solids into free-flowing granules, pellets or dispersible components or mats, packages or tissues. 3b) processing of the solid laden components of seaweed into free-flowing granules, pellets or dispersible components or mats, packages or tissues. Solid laden ingredients of seaweed according to any of claims 11-13, wherein the kelp is Kappaphycus alvarezii. Solid laden components of seaweed according to any one of claims 11-14, in combination with one or more substances selected from the group consisting of lava rocks, mineral rocks comprising zeolite, kaolin, bentonite, perlite, expanded perlite and / or synthetic acrylate polymers such as sodium polyacrylate.