DE102011120904A1 - Method for developing traction force for driving piston motor of motor car, involves transferring energy of turbine to vehicle wheels around secondary drive, where use effect and operation of drive are electronically controlled - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves delivering energy of a turbine (1) to a running wheel of a drive. The energy of the turbine is transferred to a pair of non-driven vehicle wheels (13) around an additional intermittent secondary drive, where use effect and operation of the secondary drive are electronically controlled. Drive moments are transferred tangential or axial to the vehicle wheels by a friction gearbox. An exhaust gas flow is made feasible into the turbine by a rotary valve of a control unit. Correctness of output positions of rolling devices (14) are continuously monitored by sensors. An independent claim is also included for a device for developing traction force for driving a piston motor of a motor car.

Description

The invention relates to the need to increase the tensile force of a uniaxially driven vehicle.

More particularly, the invention relates to a method and apparatus in which the exhaust gas flow discharged from the engine flows to a turbine to deliver its energy to an impeller of a drive suitable for driving the traction of a motor vehicle.

The book of Bushman / Koesseler "Handbook of Automotive Engineering", Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, born 1976, Volume 1, pages 436-438 describes a method and an apparatus for the expansion of engine performance thus the traction of the motor vehicle as a whole. The device described therein constitutes a turbocharger, in which the exhaust gas flow discharged from the engine flows to a turbine in order to deliver its energy to a respective impeller which drives this device.

This known method and the device have the disadvantage that only part of the exhaust gas energy is utilized for the expansion of the vehicle traction. A higher proportion of it goes outdoors and is lost. Another disadvantage is that the even exploited energy is not delivered directly to the vehicle wheels, but via the engine and its energy consumed on change transmission.

The invention is based on the object to provide a device and a method so that it avoids the disadvantages mentioned above.

The method according to claim 1 and the device according to claim 4 solve this problem. Advantageous features further develop the subject invention and are each contained in the subclaims. These will now be referred to.

According to the present invention, a self-regulating drive system is created, which actively regulates itself in the intensity of its effect and in which a secondary drive is developed intermittently as a function of the exhaust gas flow intensity. This is achieved by transferring the energy of the turbine to a pair of non-driven vehicle wheels via a transfer case. The higher the engine load, the stronger the effect of the secondary drive.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the use of the secondary drive is particularly effective in driving the heavy vehicles heavily loaded by the difficult high-resistance terrain. Its operation is electronically controllable.

This represents a significant advantage over the prior art, because a conventional uniaxially driven vehicle thus receives additional forces that are needed to overcome the driving resistance. The wheels of its passive running axle are actively driven. In this case, the operation of the vehicle unfolds due to the intermittent starting of the secondary drive to the type of four-wheel drive vehicle.

According to a further aspect, an electronic control unit is provided which, depending on the driving characteristics, precisely targets the speed ratio between the wheels driven by the engine transmission and driven by the exhaust gas flow, with which the engine power can be optimally utilized.

Furthermore, the ride comfort will be increased. By the involvement of the secondary drive of the hearing of the occupants is spared, because the noise from the howling engine z. B. when driving on the mountain is acoustically spongy and the driver applies less force to the gas pedals. In addition, the destination could be reached in less time if the current motor vehicles are equipped according to the invention. This is explained by the fact that the high speed develops faster and the average speed increases when driving through the difficult roads and railways.

Another advantage of the device according to the invention and this driving method is the fact that according to this entseht the opportunity to save fuel, if not only the fuel itself is consumed for the drive of the vehicle, but his burned out of the engine Rest.

According to a preferred aspect, it is provided that the drive system according to the invention is compatible for use in the uniaxially driven vehicles of all kinds and can be manufactured inexpensively due to the simplicity of its construction and retrofitted to the conventional motor vehicles.

Further advantageous features and embodiments are contained in the subclaims.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the device is realized in a construction which, due to its design, is uncomplicated to handling and maintenance. According to this embodiment, one of a turbine transmitting Drive torque taken with a surface of the wheels, which is far away from the axis. Such an embodiment has the effect of increasing the effect of the secondary drive.

Further details of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated by way of example.

1 shows a construction diagram of a preferred embodiment of the device, which explains its structural design.

2 shows a construction diagram of another embodiment of the device for explaining its structural design.

3 is an enlarged view of the breakaway from the scheme of FIGS 1 and 2 showing the partial cutout from the turbine and a connection to it of a rotary valve, whose pressure lines are shown broken off.

4 is one of the 5 corresponding section through the kinked plane "DD", which shows an embodiment of the device in its initial position, wherein the vehicle wheel is cut off and the waves and the representation of the device are shown broken off to the left of their symmetry axis to save space.

5 is one of the 4 corresponding cross-section through the plane "AA", which shows the device at the moment of use in action and explains their suspension to the motor vehicle.

6 represents one of the 5 corresponding side view in the direction indicated by the arrow "C", which further describes the construction of the device.

7 shows one of the 6 corresponding in outline with "I" view in outline, which explains the structure of the housing of the rolling devices,

8th is one of the 5 corresponding horizontal section through the plane "BB".

In this case, the connecting elements of the device are represented in most cases to simplify the representation by their axial lines.

According to the 1 as well as the 2 and 3 For example, the device has a turbine located in the center of the structure 1 out. As it is from the 3 it can be seen, the turbine is in its illustrated construction with three on its shaft 2 attached paddle wheels 3 equipped, which is the shaft 2 to turn around. The turbine is at one end over a pipe 4 a rotary valve 5 to the exhaust pipe 6 connected to the motor vehicle. In 3 is also the lead 7 to see, which is used for the removal of the current by the current setting of the rotary valve currently excessive gas quantity.

The operation of the turbine and its construction are known from the flow technique.

At the other end, the turbine points on its shaft 2 generally assembled with 8th designated transfer case, which serves to redirect the forces generated by the turbine in the form of the drive torque in the direction of the vehicle wheels by 90 °. For this purpose, the transfer case is a toothed gear, the gears are conical in which the shaft 2 acts as an input shaft. It stands on the free end of the shaft 2 attached gear 9 with two similar relatively small gears 10 , which are on the free ends of the arranged symmetrically to the central axis of the device output shafts 11 are always in engagement. The pencils 12 fix an unchanged position of the gears on the shafts.

According to the structural design of the device of the 2 is a direct connection of the transfer case with the vehicle wheels made in which the output shafts 11 of the transmission 8th at the same time the axes of the non-driven vehicle wheels 13 are. The drive torques from the transfer case are delivered axially to the axles of the vehicle wheels.

In contrast to this embodiment, the embodiment of the 1 and 4 to 8th an indirect connection of the transfer case with the vehicle wheels. Here is the transfer of forces with the use of a general with 14 designated rolling means provided, which integral with a serving as a coupling element propeller shaft 15 with the output shaft 11 of the transfer gear 8th connected is.

The rolling devices 14 are set up by the turbine 1 produced drive torques on the non-driven wheels 13 passed tangentially of the vehicle. This embodiment is characterized by its higher, rather than first, efficiency.

Furthermore, the transfer case 8th also serve as an amplifier in the sense that are translated high by the transmitting forces. In particular, when used in place of the tooth gear of a worm gear (not shown), when applied to the turbine shaft 2 a snail is placed on and the output shafts 11 be connected with a worm wheel.

To the assembled parts of in 4 shown construction of the rolling devices to better recognize the walls of their housing 16 blackened and an inserted insert 17 as well as the role 18 shown hatched and the roller bearing 19 as well as the vehicle wheel 13 remain unshaded. In addition, the vehicle wheel is shown without tires

As it is from the 4 and 5 indicates the rolling devices 14 the Reibradgetriebe is, which in order to fulfill their tasks containing integrally each three in the housing 16 attached mutually engaged tapered rollers. Every rolling device is through the while 20 a roll placed in the middle 21 with one at a nähliegenden end of the propeller shaft 15 existing cones 22 Connected and acts as one more two roles 18 driving role. The two roles 18 impart the force transfer to the vehicle wheels as they approach the mentioned wheels through engagement with the rolling means until engagement, thereby acting as constraining rollers,

For such interventions, a part of its body, which is the outer wall, is selected on the vehicle wheel driven by each of the secondary drives 23 an inner oblique shoulder 24 represents a designed surface. This surface has in today's most common designs on under 5 ° inclined to the center of the wheel contour. Accordingly, the coats of constraints 18 as well as the role 21 one of these contour equal inclination added to adapt to each other and thus to allow a full power transmission to the attacked wheel surface. This can be seen from the 4 and 5 refer to.

To achieve the said adjustment properly are the roles 18 flexibly mounted in the housing and in their positions in the housing 16 relative to the role 21 arranged so that when the full rolling of the rolling devices to the vehicle wheels a functionally appropriate voltage between the affected all components is ensured.

For this purpose, the housing 16 of two parts, which are used as front 25 and tail parts 26 formed in which the insert piece 17 the roles are separated from each other. In this case, the housing and the insert piece together three circular surfaces, which are considered as a version for the storage of pollen. In addition, the distances between the axes of said circles are dimensioned and tolerated under the above-described operations. So the role is nested 21 in the insert piece 17 through the roller bearing 19 one and the wave 20 is to form a joint for the flexible pairings of their roles 21 with the wheel surface 24 and at the same time with the roles 18 in the form of a sphere 27 In this case, each ball between the hemispherical surfaces formed on the in the insert 17 nested two cushions 28 kept three-dimensionally rotatable.

The connecting elements 29 some both editions, as in 4 and 5 is illustrated. In addition, the balls 27 with the body of pollen 18 for ease of assembly by means of a screw 30 rigidly connected. This is in 4 seen.

Furthermore, the more flexible design helps the positional error of the roles 18 , which can occur both in the manufacture and in the function of the device to prevent.

For the composition of the front and rear parts of the housing 16 these are both with the triangular flanges formed on their common mating surfaces 31 provided and the front part 25 of the housing contains a hole 32 and a recess formed for the head of a screw (not shown) 33 , In addition, the tail section 26 with a hole 34 formed, which is crimped to form a thread. To this goal is also the insert 17 with a through hole 35 provided by which the screw is made for its connection with the thread, as this 5 to 7 verdeuten. The two further screws 36 , which at the same time the housing with a generally with 37 connect designated holder also convey made composition.

The holder 37 is from two plates 38 and a pressure plate placed on top of it 39 built, which are welded together. Here is the distance between the plates 38 given a measure of the strengths of both flanges 31 of the housing 15 is the same, how 6 and 8th further clarify.

Next are the cardan shafts with their other ends through the pins 40 with the output shafts 11 In addition, each of the two pins contain 22 and 40 one of them inseparable pipe approach 41 through which the cardan shaft comes to the coupling For the pin 22 serves the pipe socket as a spacer sleeve, by their connection with the guided through the housing shaft 20 the role 21 have a protruding over the housing part of this. Therefore arises between the pin and the housing a distance that allows an unlimited rotation of the pin. The assembled components are against relative axial displacement through the on the shaft 20 inserted snap ring 42 secured.

For the journal 40 serves the pipe approach 41 as a sliding sleeve, which at the functional stroke or return stroke of the blank holder, the sliding the pin and the cardan shaft 15 as a whole along the output shaft 11 , because of the engagement / disengagement of the rolling devices enabled. This is the cones 22 in one piece over the pipe socket with the output shaft 11 by means of a pin passed through these two 43 coupled and the output shaft is at the coupling point with an axial slot 44 trained to the pen 43 guaranteed a game to slide. As it is based on the 4 is explained.

The rolling means are mounted on the vehicle frame and are arranged there so that their constraining rollers have a position within easy reach of the edge of the vehicle wheel. In this way, the vehicle wheels are tangentially attacked by the use in effect of the secondary drive, thus creating an imaginary lever (the distance between the line of action of the attack forces and the wheel axle), which causes the tangentially directed forces to the rotational action Here, the amount of the vehicle wheels multiplied drive torque multiplied high. It is envisaged that the distance from the rollers 18 to their career on the vehicle wheels at the starting position of the rolling devices for the fastest possible contact ce. 0.5-1.0 mm .. is. The hold of this value is always checked by the control unit. This is written below.

According to the in 5 featured embodiment of the device are the rolling devices with two constraining rollers 18 fitted. This amount represents a least number to reduce the specific pressure on the wheels.

Next are the roles 18 and 21 the rolling devices 14 as well as the roles 18 dedicated surface 24 the vehicle wheels 13 as a friction partner for their permanent use made of the friction-resistant materials or covered with a seal-resistant layer.

In 4 to 6 It can be seen that the vehicle for receiving the device with a welded to the vehicle frame III-shaped support profile 45 is equipped on which the generally with 46 designated hold-down are mounted, which are integrally housed to build up a contact with the rolling devices abutting this to the force generated by him a force-locking connection between the constraining rollers 18 the rolling device and the vehicle wheels 13 consisting of one in continuous contact with the pressure plate 39 of the owner 37 attached as a tensioner serving cam 47 and an electric motor pressing it 48 on whose shaft he is put on.

In order to ensure a continuous contact with the hold-downs, the rolling devices are 14 in one piece at the point of the support profile where the hold down 46 are arranged suspended from the same. In addition, the pressure plate 39 of the owner 37 with a same her made of the friction-resistant fabric edition 49 covered. The connecting means, the pressure plate 39 with the edition 49 holds together are not shown.

Said suspension takes place for each individual rolling device by means of two return springs 50 , with both their ends on the eye bolts 51 are hooked on the one hand on the holder 37 and on the other hand on the carrier profile 45 are anchored. This is from the 5 and 6 recognizable. This will keep the springs 50 the hold down 46 to the rolling devices 14 until stop, to keep a contact between the two under bias. In this case, the return springs endeavor to transfer the rolling devices, when they are released by the pressure of the blank holder, in their initial positions.

For their guided shift are the Wälzeinrichtungen 14 equipped with the guide elements, the columns 52 and cans 53 are. Here are the provided for the posture of the columns pods 54 in the in the 8th shown manner on the holder 37 attached to stiffen its construction and the guide bush 53 are with the profile 45 connected to the vehicle frame.

In order to bring the effect of the additional secondary drive to vote with the permanent drive, a control unit, not shown, is provided, comprising sensors which are suitable for detecting the speed ratios between the driven by the engine gearbox and intermittently driven by the exhaust gas vehicle wheels, and for measuring the exhaust gas flow intensity, and other sensor elements that represent these parameters on the control unit. In this case, intermittent starting of the secondary drive after detection by the control unit of the sufficient amount of propellant gas flowing through the turbine is initiated.

The control is followed by an adjustable rotary valve connected to the control unit 5 , which is set in such a position position in which the speed ratio between the two vehicle axles is brought to the useful proportionality depending on the exhaust gas flow intensity, or in one another case, the secondary drive is switched out of operation. In the latter setting, the exhaust gases are usually passed through the line 7 let out into the open and you can drive with pure front or rear drive.

The control of the procedure of engagement of the rolling devices 14 is from the electric motors 48 due to the signals picked up by the sensor elements that turn it on, pause, or switch over / off command.

Furthermore, it is provided that the control unit also contains the sensors, which are responsible for the continuous monitoring of the correctness of the output positions of the rolling devices. This is important in the case when the motor vehicle drives through bumpy roads. In the course of driving through such railings, the body is constantly exposed to the damping vibrations that the rolling devices 14 in an indefinite relative to the vehicle wheels 13 Location that is out of their starting position. What leads to the delay of the use in effect of the secondary drive.

After processing the signals picked up by the aforesaid sensors by detecting the deviation of the home positions of the rolling means from the tolerated limits, the control unit outputs corresponding electrical signals to those for controlling the cams 47 competent electric motors 48 , Whereby the control signals outputted from the control unit determine the individual desired values respectively required for each of the rolling devices which are most suitable for positioning the cams to retain the home positions. Because of these appropriately timed control signals, the electric motors of the cams rotate in such direction of the desired positions of the cam abkürztest are reached.

In order to protect the device from unnecessary or unwanted treatment, the control unit is designed so that even with the extremely intense on the turbine gas flow, which may occur at standstill of the vehicle, due to a game with the gas pedals, turning the wheels impossible power.

The control of the secondary drive for the embodiment according to 2 results from reading the first embodiment by simplifying the design and thus limited performance, since the control of the rolling devices is eliminated.

The present method and apparatus for expanding the tractive effort of a motor vehicle equipped with the piston engine function under certain conditions. This is explained by the fact that the effect of the exhausts exhausted from the engine when driving through normal roads is weak to form a self-propelled drive.

The effect of the exhaust gas flow is several times more efficient when driving through difficult terrain, especially for the heavily laden vehicles that are supposed to overcome a sharply inclined route. Thus, the engine is heavily loaded and consumes enormous amount of fuel. As a result, sufficient amount of gas is formed whose flow reaches high pressure about three times Schalgeschwindigkeit.

Under these circumstances, the turbine becomes 1 following the command of the control unit by adjusting its rotary valve accordingly 5 with the exhaust pipe 6 of the vehicle connects and the electric motors 48 twist the cams 47 , The rolling devices bring their roles 18 in engagement with the vehicle wheels. This results in a closed chain of the cooperating association parts of the device, which allows transmission of the driving forces to the vehicle wheels.

In this way, occasionally develops a intermittent in cooperation with the piston drive secondary drive, which rotates in addition to non-driven vehicle wheels, in which the discharged from the engine exhaust flow does its service as a drive means. This automatically creates a unique drive system with four-wheel-like handling when needed.

In the course of the journey, the control unit actively coordinates the speed ratios between the permanently and intermittently driven wheels. Thus, on the slope of the fully loaded vehicle, the revolutions of the engine-driven wheels slow down, and then, in contrast to these, the revolutions of the wheels driven by the exhaust stream drive accelerate to promote the development of traction. The vehicle uses its power reserve. The missing him traction to overcome the driving resistance without difficulty gets the vehicle as a subsidy from the secondary drive, which covers the power deficit with very intense effect.

This partially relieves the engine and, as a result, the revolutions of the wheels driven by it accelerate. This decreases the gas flowing through turbine gasmange. The control unit determines useful proportionality in speed ratios of the wheels of both axles or provides the speed compensation and thus varies the settings of its rotary valve 4 , The excess gas for optimum proportionality gas quantity is determined by the appropriate setting of the rotary valve 5 separated from the whole exhaust flow and is released through the pipe 7 omitted.

The pausing of the electric motors 47 means that the current setting of the rotary valve is still current. During normal driving the rotary valve locks 5 The administration 4 and that's where the turbine breaks 1 out of traffic with the exhaust pipe 6 out. The new start of the secondary drive takes place only if a sufficiently strong exhaust gas flow is provided.

In the present invention, it is also possible to drive the motor from the control unit in order to set the variable-variable loading of the turbine in the center of the drive system. In this case, no excess amount of the exhaust gas flow is formed and thereby the fuel is used even more favorably. Subsequently, the efficiency of the drawability of a motor vehicle is increased, which further affirms the advantages of the invention

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited non-patent literature

• Buschmann / Koesseler "Handbook of Automotive Engineering", Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, born 1976, Volume 1, pages 436-438 [0003]

Claims (16)

Method for the expansion of the tractive force of a motor vehicle driven by the piston engine, in which the exhaust gas flow discharged from the engine flows to a turbine in order to deliver its energy to an impeller of a drive suitable for the operation of expanding the traction of a motor vehicle, characterized in that the energy of the turbine is transmitted to a pair of the non-driven vehicle wheels via a transfer case to form an additional intermittent secondary drive, the use of which is electronically controlled and the operation is controlled. A method of expanding the tractive effort of a motor vehicle driven by the piston engine according to claim 1, wherein the drive torques are transmitted to the vehicle wheels tangentially by a friction gear. Method for the development of the tractive force of a motor vehicle driven by the piston engine according to claims 1 and 2, wherein the drive torques are transmitted axially to the vehicle wheels. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to claims 1 to 3, which represents an intermittent secondary drive, comprising a turbine which can be driven in the middle of the construction by exhaust gas flow ( 1 ), a mounted on the common shaft with the turbine transfer case ( 8th ), the 90 ° force redirection to the rolling devices ( 14 ), by which recorded drive torques on the non-driven wheels ( 13 ) of the vehicle, the hold-downs ( 48 ), which are provided for the production of a printer, which is deliverable to the rolling devices, and of which the latter can be used in effect, the cardan shaft ( 15 ), which as intermediate shaft the transfer case ( 8th ) with the rolling devices ( 14 ), and an electronic control unit, by which the speed ratio between the permanently driven and intermittently driven vehicle wheels can be coordinated Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein a control unit comprising sensors which are suitable for detecting the speed ratios between the vehicle gears driven by the engine gear and intermittently driven by the exhaust gas flow, and for measuring the exhaust gas flow intensity, and further sensor elements which represent these parameters to the control unit, and the control of the use of the secondary drive in action and its operation is initiated after the detection of the control unit of the sufficient amount of propellant gas flowing through the turbine. Apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the control unit with a rotary valve ( 5 ), through which the exhaust gas flow into the turbine 1 is feasible and which is adjustable by the control unit in such a position position, in which the speed ratio between the operated from the engine transmission and the exhaust gas flow vehicle wheels are brought to the useful proportionality depending on the exhaust gas flow intensity, or in which the secondary drive is switched off from operation. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the control unit is designed with the sensors responsible for the continuous monitoring of the correctness of the output positions of the rolling devices, by which the control unit controls the individual for each of the rolling devices ( 14 ) determines respectively required setpoint values which are required for the positioning of the cams ( 47 ) are most suitable to retain the home positions. Device according to one of the vorstechenden claims, wherein the control unit is designed such that even in the extremely intense on the turbine gas flow supply, which may occur at standstill of the vehicle, due to a game with the gas pedals, the rotation of the wheels can be prevented. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the rolling devices ( 14 ) a friction gear, comprising integrally substantially each three meshing rolling elements, which are tapered rollers, of which a middle roller ( 21 ) by coupling over its shaft ( 20 ) with the cardan shaft ( 15 ) and two more of the role ( 21 ) removable forcing roller ( 18 ), over which the drive torques are transferred to the vehicle wheels, wherein the constraining role ( 18 ) for optimal adaptation to the roll ( 21 ) as well as at the attack surface ( 23 ) of the vehicle wheel ( 13 ) at their positions in the housing ( 16 ) are flexibly stored. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the rolling devices ( 14 ) are integrally mounted on the vehicle in such positions, in which their constraining roles ( 18 ) in tangible proximity to the edge of the vehicle wheel for quickly attacking it and wherein an engagement surface is located at the edge of the wheel for tangentially transmitting the driving torques to the vehicle wheels and thereby increasing them. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the hold-downs ( 46 ) on the vehicle frame ( 45 ), which are adapted to form under the force stroke exerted by these a force-locking connection between the vehicle wheels ( 13 ) and the constraints ( 18 ) of the rolling devices ( 14 ) are arranged at the top of this latter fitting, consisting integrally of one in continuous contact with the rolling device ( 14 ) attached as a tensioner cam ( 47 ) and an electric motor ( 48 ). Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the contact maintenance between the cam ( 47 ) from the downers ( 46 ) and rolling devices ( 14 ) by a pair each of the return springs ( 50 ) which terminates at the location of the vehicle chassis ( 45 ), where the hold-down ( 46 ) and with another end on the rolling device ( 14 ) via a rigidly connected holder ( 37 ) is suspended. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the rolling devices ( 14 ) are dimensionally stable and are arranged to be movable at their seats and by a power stroke from the down side towards the vehicle wheels ( 13 ) under the guidance of the guiding elements ( 52 . 53 ) are displaceable. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the distribution gear ( 8th ) To achieve a higher power transmission than worm gear is formed, in which on the turbine shaft 2 a worm is put on and the waves ( 11 ) are connected to a worm wheel. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the attack surface ( 23 ) of the vehicle wheels ( 13 ) at which the career of the attack roles ( 18 ), the outer wall of an inner shoulder ( 24 ) of the wheel shaped surface, is. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein for the direct transmission of the drive torque to the non-driven vehicle wheels of their axes at the same time the output axes of the transfer case ( 8th ) are.

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