DE102011118054A1 - Method and press for pressing a compact of at least two different metallic and / or ceramic powder and / or granular materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for pressing a compact (30) from at least two different metallic and / or ceramic powder and / or granular materials (p1, p2, p3). In a die opening (21) of a die (20) a first such material (p1) is filled (1; 4). At least two upper-side punches (22, 24) are then at least temporarily placed on the material (p1) in the die opening (21). Press punches (22, 23, 24, 25) arranged on the underside and on the upper side are joined together with material columns located therebetween adjusted to different heights along a pressing direction (2-3). After lifting off the upper side arranged pressing rams (24, 25) in the die opening (21), the second material (p2) is filled (4). Finally, with the at least two upper-side punches (24, 25), the material (p1, p2) is finally compacted (9-10).

Description

The invention relates to a method for pressing a compact, wherein in a die opening of a press at least two upper-side punches are placed on the material and underside and upper side arranged punching dies located therebetween material columns of at least two different metallic and / or ceramic powder and / or press granular materials. The invention also relates to a press and a data carrier with software for carrying out such a method.

Exemplary is off DE 102 54 656 B4 a ceramic powder and / or metal powder press known. This comprises a ceramic powder and / or metal powder press tool with at least one main body, with a plurality of at least two punches, which are arranged in a pressing position from one side immersed in a filled with ceramic and / or metal powder die opening of a die, with a plurality of at least two punch carriers, to each of which one of the punches is attached, wherein at least a part of the punch carrier can be coupled to at least two adjustment drives and wherein the punch carrier are arranged relative to each other and relative to the base body adjustable, and with fixed stop means which arranged are to derive a pressing force at least partially in a Pressendstellung of the punches on the body.

While such presses are driven hydraulically or mechanically, from z. B. DE 10 2009 049 845 A1 Such a ceramic powder and / or metal powder press known in which a main pressing force with an electric motor drive and a spindle assembly is applied to relatively adjustable components and the powder to be pressed.

The object of the invention is to further develop a method and a press for pressing a compact of at least two different metallic and / or ceramic powder and / or granular materials. In particular, a speedy pressing even complex structures and material distribution is to be made possible.

This object is achieved by the method for pressing a compact from at least two different metallic and / or ceramic powder and / or granular materials with the features of claim 1 or the device with the features of claim 10 or by the disk with a program solved according to claim 12. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of dependent claims.

Accordingly, in particular, a method for pressing a compact of at least two different metallic and / or ceramic powdery and / or granular materials is preferred in which a first such material is introduced into a die opening of a die, in which at least two upper-side punches in the die opening be placed on the material, at least temporarily, are adjusted together with intermediate material columns along a pressing direction to different heights in which the second material is filled after lifting the upper side arranged pressing die in the die opening and the second material at the bottom and top side arranged the at least two upper-side punches the material is finally compacted.

Under a pressing direction is understood that corresponding movements in or against a filling or pressing force-effective direction. In particular, the pressing direction is from top to bottom and / or vice versa.

Under material columns is understood that along the pressing direction above each of the stamp material is, wherein a cross-sectional contour through the material corresponds to a surface contour of a surface of the corresponding press ram. In this case, not only cuboidal material columns can arise, but any contour having material columns, in particular circular or annular columns of material.

Of course, the method is also applicable to more than two materials or on more than two upper and lower side punch. For this purpose, if necessary, appropriate additional steps upstream or downstream.

As far as the bottom and top stamps are described, it is assumed that a conventional press arrangement in which the material is filled from above into the die opening and then pressed from above and below by means of the stamp. Equivalent to this are arrangements in which the pressing takes place in a transverse direction, z. B. if the die assembly should be pivoted after filling in a transverse position or if it should be pressed in a transverse position, so that instead of above and below then conceptual right and left side would be used.

The same applies, of course, for inclinations between these two orientations.

In particular, in such methods, the underside pressure rams before filling the first or the second material so be adjusted widely to mutually different heights that a free space above the ram is suitable for filling a required for a corresponding to be created compact section of powder. In particular, there is thus an adjustment of the fillable spaces for each column of material with individual height.

Equivalent to the use in particular top punch for adjusting the columns of material and pre-compacting would also be an insert for specially provided stamp when pressing for final compression of the compact by means of its own press stamp in z. B. a separately provided press.

Under the final compression is understood in a known manner that the precompressed compact is compressed as far as it is necessary for its removal from the press and in particular for a subsequent sintering. The final final compression can optionally also be carried out as an independent step, possibly also in another press.

Under the compacts are understood in particular technical compacts of technical ceramics or metal, such as gears.

The adjustment of the underside and top side arranged pressing punches can be carried out in particular together with the material columns located therebetween until a contact of the mutually adjacent columns of material is lost. Under the fact that the contact of the mutually adjacent columns of material is lost, it is understood in particular that the adjacent materials are lost to each other binding forces.

In this case, the adjustment of the underside and top side arranged pressing ram can be carried out together with the material columns therebetween until the mutually adjacent columns of material no longer touch each other. The fact that the contact of the mutually adjacent columns of material is lost is preferably understood to mean that the adjacent columns of material are displaced relative to one another in the pressing direction such that at times a lower edge of a column of material is higher than an upper edge of the adjacent column of material. In particular, the adjustment to different heights means that the mutually adjacent stamps are moved differently relative to each other.

In particular, after the contact has been lost, the press punches arranged on the underside and on the upper side can be adjusted, together with the material pillars located between them, into a position in which the second material is filled.

The adjustment to different heights, in particular a / the adjustment for losing the lateral contact of the material columns can be performed independently of an intermediate reaching a subsequent second filling position for the second material.

The adjustment can also take place in an intermediate step beyond the filling position or in a direction opposite to a direction of the subsequent filling position. In particular, the adjusting movement for separating the columns of material can therefore, if necessary, be carried out in a first step, even in a direction opposite to the direction of the subsequent filling position, or even beyond the filling position.

According to a further embodiment, the material columns between the underside and upper side arranged press dies can be pre-compressed before a first adjustment relative to each other.

In particular, an embodiment can be implemented in which the material columns are precompressed between the underside and upper side arranged pressing dies, namely during or after a first adjustment of the material columns relative to each other.

Such a pre-compression can be carried out in particular by a specific, preferably freely adjustable value. This avoids that the powder or material of the two columns of material mixed together. In particular, such a mixture is avoided both vertically and horizontally. There is then a clean dividing line between the different materials.

In repeated such steps after filling the second material, the shift of powder or material columns can be moved again. As a result of the fact that the first material is pre-compressed or precompressed, no mixing of the first and the second filled-in and possibly not yet or only partially pre-compacted material occurs.

It is also possible to implement a configuration in which at least one of the lower-side and upper-side punches has an annular configuration or is designed with an inner passage opening for carrying out at least one further lower-side and upper-side punch. B. ring-wise filling and Pressing to use different powders across the pressing direction. For example, it is thus possible to produce toothed wheels which on the outside of the ring gear are made of another, in particular harder material than on the inside thereof.

Also, in the filling positions, it is possible to leave no space above one of the lower-side punches free, so that a subsequent material is not filled over such a puncture and thus this material does not extend over the entire width of the resulting compact.

A device with a die having a die opening, with at least two punches protruding into the die opening, with at least two punches insertable into the die opening at the top, is preferred with a filling device for filling the die opening with at least two different metallic and / or ceramic powders. and / or granular materials and with a control device, wherein the control device is designed and / or programmed for carrying out such a method. This is understood to mean that the process implementation to the control device is designed as a pure interconnection or so-called hardware, with a processor for executing a program as so-called software or as a combination of both.

Such a device is designed in particular as a ceramic and / or metal powder press with press dies as the punches. Equivalent to a ceramic and / or metal powder press is a press for pressing a granular or mixed powder and granular material.

A data carrier with a program stored on it, which is programmed to carry out such a method in such a device, is also preferred. In particular, the data carrier may be an independent transportable storage device or a storage device integrated in the press or its control device.

According to the method, such compacts can be formed on the one hand with high precision from different material layers and on the other hand experience both a clean material separation and a sufficiently high pressing force in the final compression. The production of such compacts is possible without great technical effort at the same time a small amount of time.

An embodiment will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. Show it:

1 Process steps for pressing a compact of different materials in a ceramic and / or metal powder press and

2 further process steps up to the pressed compact.

1 and 2 schematically show components of a press for pressing a compact of at least two different metallic and / or ceramic powder and / or granular materials p1-p3. In time order from right to left from 1 to 11 different times are shown, which are traversed during an exemplary pressing cycle. In the exemplary press cycle is doing a compact 40 made of three materials p1, p2, p3. However, only two or more than three different materials can be used. The materials p1-p3 can differ from one another in many different ways. In addition to differentiation by the chemical composition may also be differences in grain size, color or other characteristics.

In the press is a die 20 arranged, which has a die opening 21 having. The die opening 21 serves for filling the powdery and / or granular material P1-p3, in particular ceramic powder and / or metal powder, by means of a filling device 26 , Under such a material or powder is to be understood in a broader sense, a granulate or a mixture of fine-grained powder and granular material.

From below, lower-sided stamps protrude 22 . 23 into the die opening 21 and close the die opening 21 this down. The bottom stamp 22 . 23 are in particular by means of driving means relative to each other and relative to the die 20 adjustable. After filling the powdery and / or granular material P1-p3 this can by means of stamping on the upper side 24 . 25 compacted and to the compact 30 be pressed. These are the top stamps 24 . 25 from above into the die opening 21 introduced, including the top stamps 24 . 25 in particular by means of driving means relative to each other and relative to the die 20 are adjustable.

A control device 27 serves to the various drive means, in particular a preferably top-side main press drive 28 and drives for moving individual of the punches 22 - 25 and / or the die 20 to control, so that their individual movements run timed suitably.

Such a press can in known manner have a press frame, which consists of two lateral press frame, which are on the top and bottom sides firmly connected to an upper side and a lower-side press frame. The press frames are firmly clamped together to allow a flow of force through them to the punches 22 - 25 to build up. To build or apply a pressing force, the press on a press drive, which, for example, as the top-side main press drive 28 is arranged on the upper side of the press frame. About a press drive piston of the press drive, the pressing force is applied to an upper press tool, so that this in the direction of the die 20 is adjusted. Due to the applied pressing force, the individual components of the press tools are moved together and clamped against the lower-side press frame. The stamp press 22 - 25 the material to the pressed part 30 ,

Any drive systems, in particular electric motors, mechanical drives and / or hydraulic drives can be used as drives.

A preferred lower-sided tool with, among other things, the lower-side punches 22 . 23 consists of a large number of individual components. The opposite top-side tool with, inter alia, the lower-side punches 22 . 23 may in principle have a comparable structure, but may also be constructed in a conventional manner or a hybrid form of conventional construction and the construction and the lower-side tool. The same applies to adjusting arrangements for adjusting the single individual components of the tools. In particular, have for the described method for producing a compact 30 made of different materials p1-p3, the opposite bottom and top stamps 22 - 24 . 23 - 25 each opposite surfaces 22o or lower surfaces 24u with the same outside contour on. In other words, have the opposing stamp 22 - 24 . 23 - 25 in particular each opposite equal pressing surfaces.

In the first illustrated method step 1 is a filling of the matrix calculation 21 outlined with the first material p1. An upper edge of the die 20 This is exemplarily a piece above an exemplary zero-pressing position h0. The first lower-sided stamp 22 is up to a height h1 as an intermediate height of the first lower-side punch 22 raised for this process step 1. This height h1 is located below the upper edge of the die 20 so that is above the first stamp 22 a space of the die opening which can be filled with the material p1 21 forms. The second bottom stamp 23 is adjacent to the first bottom punch 22 arranged and further from the inside Matrizenwandung the die 20 inward towards the die opening 21 added. An intermediate height h2 of the second lower-side punch 23 in the first method step one, for example, is lower than the intermediate height h1 of the first lower-side punch 22 , This will be above the top of the second punch 23 a space that can be filled over as the effective die opening 21 educated. By means of the filling device 26 will be the first material p1 in the space above the stamp 22 . 23 filled and preferably at the level of the top of the die 20 smoothed out. In principle, can already directly right next to the second bottom punch 23 the opposite inner wall of the die 20 are located. However, even more stamps or another part of the first lower-side stamp 22 consequences. In addition to flat dies can also be used in particular cylindrical and annular punch to form, for example, wheels or gears, which are formed with over the surface of different high wall and in the radial direction of different material stratification or material composition.

After removing the filling device 26 become topside stamps from above 24 . 25 placed on the material p1. As a result, a first section s1 or a second section s2 forms as powder or material columns of the resulting compact between the opposing end-side surfaces or lower surfaces of the lower or upper punch 40 ,

On the basis of the next figure, the components of method step 1 are outlined in a time-later second method step 2. In the meantime, the top-side stamps 24 . 25 put on so that between the first lower-side stamp 22 and the first top stamp 24 a first portion s1 of the resulting compact is formed as the first column of powder or material and, accordingly, between the second lower-side punch 23 and the second upper side stamp 25 a second section s2 is formed as a material column. It is also shown that after placing the top-side punch 24 . 25 the matrix 20 was moved to a significantly higher positions compared to the zero-pressing position h0. In addition or afterwards, the first lower-side and the first upper-side stamps were also used 22 . 24 raised with the intermediate material column as the first section s1. The lifting takes place maximally so far that the material of the material column, here the first section s1, with its upper edge always below an upper edge of the die 20 remains. Shown is an intermediate time, in which an intermediate height h3 of the surface 22o of the lower first stamp 22 to an original height of the die surface of the die 20 is raised, wherein the second upper-side punch 25 remains lowered to this intermediate level h3. During this momentary situation, the surface is located 22o of the first lower punch 22 at the same height as adjacent to the lower surface 25u of the upper second punch 25 , In other words, the materials are in the first section s1 and in the second section s2 between the two pairs of stamps 22 - 24 . 23 - 25 completely separated from each other at this moment. After placing the upper plates or attached top-side stamp 24 . 25 Thus, a shift of the powder or material columns s1, s2 relative to one another took place so far on the material p1 that contact of the powder columns with one another is lost.

During this displacement and during in particular also a further displacement of the stamp 22 - 25 and material columns s1, s2 relative to each other, there is also a precompression of the material in the first and in the second section s1, s2. A value of the pre-compaction may preferably be specified by a freely adjustable amount and ultimately by a different complaint of the mutually opposite stamp pairs 22 - 24 respectively. 23 - 25 be set. This precompression is particularly advantageous in the subsequent filling of a second material p2, since this avoids that the materials p1, p2 mix vertically and horizontally with each other, and since there are clean separation lines between the powders.

The diagram of the third method step 3 shows the further method of the material columns and pre-compression up to a displacement of the upper edges of the sections s1, s2 of the material columns in a filling position for the second material p2. As an example, the intermediate height h2 of the second lower-side punch 23 was still maintained and by lowering the second top-side punch 25 the material in the second section s2 was precompressed, the first section s1 became a column of material together with the first lower-side stamp 22 except for another intermediate height h4 of the first lower-side stamp 22 raised. This is purely by way of example clearly above the intermediate height h2 of the second lower-side stamp 23 ,

On the basis of the fourth method step 4, a time even later time is sketched, in which the upper-side punch 24 . 25 were completely lifted off and the or another filling device 26 was guided over the die opening. By means of the filling device 26 For example, the second material p2 is filled in the spaces above the first and second sections s1, s2 and then, preferably, a surface plan with the surface of the die 21 painted.

In a fifth process step shown below 5 is a placement of the top-side stamp 24 . 25 and then carried out a displacement of the material columns. The one column of material now consists of the first portion s1 of the first material p1 and a third portion s3 of the second material between the first lower-side and the first upper-side punch 22 . 24 , The other column of material consists of the second section s2 of the first material p1 and an overlying fourth section s4 of the second material p2 between the second lower-side and upper-side stamps 23 . 25 , In the purely exemplary procedure, not only the top-side stamp 24 . 25 lowered during this time, but also the lower second punch 23 is raised to another intermediate level h5. Due to the fact that the first material p1 was previously compressed or pre-compressed, no mixing of the two materials p1, p2 occurs.

Below is based on a sixth method step 6, a further adjustment of the stamp 22 - 25 shown relative to each other, wherein a pre-compression is now also made of the second material p2. In the illustrated position, the upper edges of the material columns have already reached a third filling position, which in each case again below the upper edge of the optionally further raised in the meantime die 20 lies. Of course, even with this or one of the other filling positions, one of the lower-side punches can reach the same height as the upper edge of the die 20 be adjusted so that no filling with the other new material on the stamp or on the overlying column of material.

Using the exemplary seventh method step 7, it is shown that in the meantime the upper-side punches 24 . 25 were lifted again and the or another filling device 26 again over the die opening 21 was driven. In addition, third material p3 is filled. The third material may optionally also be the same material as in the first filling step.

Subsequently, in an eighth method step 8, the upper-side punches 24 . 25 put on again and compress the underlying newly filled third material. This results in now powder columns from the first, third and a fifth section s1, s3, s5 and the second, fourth, and sixth sections s2, s4, s6 between the opposed pairs of punches 22 - 24 respectively. 23 - 25 ,

In a subsequent ninth method step 9 it is shown that the two Prüfersäulen are moved relative to each other in a position in which later the individual components of the resulting compact 40 not only in the horizontal, but also in the lateral or radial direction should be arranged to each other. There is thus a tester transport, in which the vertical powder or material columns are moved relative to each other.

This is followed by pressing or compaction, which is outlined in a tenth method step 10, wherein, in particular in this step, a main pressing force preferably from the upper main press drive 28 on plates and attached stamps 22 - 25 he follows.

Finally, it is shown by means of an eleventh method step 11 that the resulting compact 40 upwards out of the die 20 is ruled out by the bottom punch 22 . 23 and the top press punches 24 . 25 relative to the upper die edge of the die 20 be raised. As an alternative to the exemplary ejection, it is also possible to remove it by moving the die relative to the compact 40 as is known for itself.

The method steps described represent purely by way of example selected times of a pressing cycle for a compact 40 Optionally, individual ones of these method steps may also be omitted or further method steps may be added.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Filling with first material

2

Placing top stamps and method of the powder or material columns relative to each other

3

Another method of material columns and pre-compaction

4

Filling with second material

5

Placing the top stamps and method of the material columns

6

supercharging

7

Fill with third material

8th

Placing the top stamps and precompressing

9

Powder or material transport and method of material columns

10

Pressing or final compression to the compact

20

die

21

die opening

22, 23

bottom punch, in particular punch

22o

Surface of the lower first punch

24, 25

top-side stamp, in particular punch

25u

Lower surface of the upper second punch

26

filling

27

control device

28

Upper main press drive

30

compacts

h0

Zero-pressing position

h1

Intermediate height of the first underside stamp

h2

intermediate height of the second bottom punch

h3

Intermediate height of the first underside stamp

h4

Intermediate height of the first underside stamp

h5

intermediate height of the second bottom punch

p1

first metallic and / or ceramic powder and / or granular material

p2

second material

p3

third material

s1

first section of the compact as powder or material column

s2

second section as a column of material

s3

third section as a column of material

s4

fourth section as a column of material

s5

fifth section as a column of material

s6

sixth section as a column of material

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 10254656 B4 [0002]
• DE 102009049845 A1 [0003]

Claims (12)

Method for pressing a compact ( 30 ) of at least two different metallic and / or ceramic powder and / or granular materials (p1, p2, p3), in which - in a die opening ( 21 ) of a die ( 20 ) a first such material (p1, p2) is filled in ( 1 ; 4 ), - in the die opening ( 21 ) at least two upper-side stamps ( 22 . 24 ) are at least temporarily applied to the material (p1; p2) ( 2 ; 5 ), - underside and top side arranged pressing punches ( 22 . 23 . 24 . 25 ) are adjusted to different heights together with intermediate material columns along a pressing direction ( 2 - 3 ; 5 - 6 ), - after lifting off the upper side arranged pressing ram ( 24 . 25 ) into the die opening ( 21 ) the second material (p2, p3) is filled in ( 4 ; 7 ), - finally with the at least two upper-side stamps ( 24 . 25 ) the material (p1; p2) is finally compressed ( 9 - 10 ). A method according to claim 1, wherein the adjustment of the underside and top side arranged pressing punches ( 22 . 23 . 24 . 25 ) is carried out together with the intermediate material columns until a contact of the mutually adjacent columns of material is lost ( 2 ; 5 ). A method according to claim 2, wherein the adjustment of the underside and upper side arranged pressing ram ( 22 . 23 . 24 . 25 ) is carried out together with the material columns located therebetween until the mutually adjacent material columns are no longer in contact with each other ( 2 ). Method according to Claim 2 or 3, in which, after the contact has been lost, the press punches arranged on the underside and upper side ( 22 . 23 . 24 . 25 ) are adjusted together with the material columns located between them in a position in which the second material (p2, p3) is filled ( 4 ; 7 ). Method according to any preceding claim, wherein the adjustment to different heights, in particular an adjustment for losing the lateral contact of the material columns, is carried out independently of an intermediate reaching of a subsequent second filling position for the second material (p2; p3). A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the adjusting takes place in an intermediate step beyond the filling position or in a direction opposite to a direction of the subsequent filling position. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the columns of material between the underside and upper side press rams ( 22 . 23 . 24 . 25 ) are pre-compressed before a first adjustment relative to each other ( 2 - 3 ). Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the columns of material between the underside and upper side press rams ( 22 . 23 . 24 . 25 ) during or after a first adjustment of the material columns relative to each other ( 3 ) are pre-compressed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which at least one of the lower-side and upper-side punches ( 22 . 24 ) has an annular configuration or with internal passage opening for performing at least one further lower side and upper side punch ( 23 . 25 ) is trained. Device with - a die ( 20 ) with a die opening ( 21 ), - at least two in the die opening at the bottom ( 21 ) stamps ( 22 . 23 ), - at least two in the die opening at the top ( 21 ) insertable punches ( 24 . 25 ), - a filling device (14) for filling the die opening ( 21 ) with at least two different metallic and / or ceramic powdery and / or granular materials (p1, p2) and - a control device (16), wherein the control device is designed and / or programmed to carry out a method according to any preceding claim. Apparatus according to claim 10, which is a ceramic and / or metal powder press with press punches as the punches ( 22 . 23 . 24 . 25 ) is configured. Data carrier with a program stored thereon, which is programmed to carry out the method according to one of the claims in a device according to claim 10 or 11.

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