EP2776237A1

EP2776237A1 - Method and press for pressing a compact from at least two different metal and/or ceramic pulverulent and/or granular materials

Info

Publication number: EP2776237A1
Application number: EP12816229.4A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Roland Menzel; Herbert Ludwig GRÖBL
Original assignee: DORST Technologies GmbH and Co KG
Current assignee: DORST Technologies GmbH and Co KG
Priority date: 2011-11-09
Filing date: 2012-11-09
Publication date: 2014-09-17
Anticipated expiration: 2032-11-09
Also published as: EP2776237B1; WO2013067995A1; DE102011118054A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for pressing a compact (30) from at least two different metal and/or ceramic pulverulent and/or granular materials (p1, p2, p3). A die opening (21) of a die (20) is filled with a first such material (p1) (1; 4). In the die opening (21), at least two top-side plungers (22, 24) are thereupon placed at least temporarily onto the material (p1) (2) and press plungers (22, 23, 24, 25) arranged on the underside and top side are adjusted in a pressing direction to different heights together with material columns located in between (2 - 3). After the top-side press plunger (24, 25) has been withdrawn, the second material (p2) is filled into the die opening (21) (4). As a final step, the material (p1, p2) is finally compacted by way of the at least two top-side plungers (24, 25) (9 - 10).

Description

Method and press for pressing a compact of at least two different metallic and / or

ceramic powder and / or granular materials

The invention relates to a method for pressing a pressed body, wherein in a die opening of a press at least two upper-side punches are placed on the material and underside and top side arranged pressing dies located therebetween material columns of at least two different metallic and / or

press ceramic powder and / or granular materials. The invention also relates to a press and a data carrier with software for carrying out such a method.

By way of example, DE 102 54 656 B4 discloses a ceramic powder and / or metal powder press. This comprises a ceramic powder and / or metal powder press tool with at least one main body, with a plurality of at least two punches, which are arranged in a pressing position from one side immersed in a filled with ceramic and / or metal powder die opening of a die, with a plurality of at least two punch carriers, to each of which one of the punches is attached, wherein at least a part of the punch carriers can be coupled to respectively at least two adjusting drives, and wherein the

Stamp carrier relative to each other and relative to the

Base body are arranged adjustable, and with

Fixed stop devices, which are arranged to derive a pressing force at least partially in a final press position of the punches on the base body. While such presses are driven hydraulically or mechanically, for example, DE 10 2009 049 845 AI such a ceramic powder and / or metal powder press

in which a main pressing force with a

electromotive drive and a spindle assembly on relatively adjustable components and the powder to be pressed is applied.

The object of the invention is to further develop a method and a press for pressing a compact of at least two different metallic and / or ceramic powder and / or granular materials. In particular, a speedy pressing should also be more complex

Structures and material distributions are made possible.

This object is achieved by the method for pressing a compact from at least two different metallic and / or ceramic powder and / or granular

Materials with the features of claim 1 and the device with the features of claim 1 0 or by the disk with a program according to claim 12 solved. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of dependent claims. Accordingly, a method for the

Pressing a compact of at least two different metallic and / or ceramic powder and / or

granular materials, in which in a die opening of a die, a first such material is filled, in which at least two upper-side punches are placed on the material at least temporarily in the die opening, arranged at the underside and top side

Press stamp together with intervening

Material columns are adjusted along a pressing direction to different heights, in which after lifting the top arranged press die in the die opening, the second material is filled and in the final with the at least two upper-side punches the material

is finally compressed.

Under a pressing direction is understood that

corresponding movements in or against one

Filling direction or pressing force direction of action take place.

In particular, the pressing direction is from top to bottom and / or vice versa.

Under material columns is understood that along the pressing direction above each of the stamp material is, wherein a cross-sectional contour through the material corresponds to a surface contour of a surface of the corresponding press ram. Not only can

cuboid material columns arise, but any contour having material columns, in particular circular or annular columns of material.

Of course, the process is also on more than two

Materials or on more than two upper and lower stamps applicable. For this purpose, if necessary, appropriate additional steps upstream or downstream.

As far as the bottom and top stamps are described, it is assumed that a conventional press arrangement in which the material is filled from above into the die opening and then pressed from above and below by means of the stamp. Equivalent to this are arrangements in which the pressing takes place in a transverse direction, e.g. when the die assembly after filling in a transverse position

should be pivoted or if in a transverse position

should be pressed so that instead of above and below then conceptually right and left side would be used. The same applies, of course, for inclinations between these two orientations.

In particular, in such methods, the underside pressure rams are adjusted so far to different heights prior to filling of the first or second material that a free space above the ram is suitable for filling a required for a corresponding compacting body portion powder quantity. In particular, there is thus an adjustment of the fillable spaces for each column of material with individual height.

Equivalent to the use, in particular, of upper-side press punches for adjusting the material columns and for pre-compacting, would also be an insert for specially provided punches, if pressing for final compacting of the pressed body is effected by means of separate press dies in e.g. a separately provided press takes place.

Under the final compression is understood in a known manner that the precompressed compact is compressed as far as it is necessary for its removal from the press and in particular for a subsequent sintering. The final final compression can optionally also be carried out as an independent step, possibly also in another press.

Among the compacts are in particular technical

Press body of technical ceramics or metal understood, such as gears.

The adjustment of the underside and top side arranged punch can in particular be carried out together with the material columns located therebetween, to a Contact of the mutually adjacent columns of material is lost. Under the fact that the contact of the mutually adjacent columns of material is lost, it is understood in particular that the adjacent materials are lost to each other binding forces.

In this case, the adjustment of the underside and top side arranged pressing punch together with the in between

located material columns are performed until the adjacent material columns have no contact with each other. Under that the contact of the

lost to each other adjacent columns of material is preferably understood that the adjacent columns of material are shifted so far in the pressing direction to each other, that temporarily a lower edge of a column of material is higher than an upper edge of the adjacent column of material. In particular, the adjustment to different heights means that the mutually adjacent stamp relative to each other

be moved differently.

In particular, after the loss of contact, the underside and upper side arranged pressing dies together with the material columns therebetween in a

Adjusted position in which the second material is filled.

The adjustment to different heights, in particular a / the adjustment for losing the lateral contact of the material columns can be performed independently of an intermediate reaching a subsequent second filling position for the second material.

The adjustment can also be done in an intermediary

Step beyond the filling position or in a direction opposite to a direction of the following Filling position done. In particular, thus, the

If necessary, adjusting movement for separating the columns of material takes place in a first step, even in a direction opposite to the direction of the subsequent filling position, or else beyond the filling position.

According to a further embodiment, the material columns between the underside and top side arranged

Press punches are pre-compressed before a first

Adjust relative to each other.

In particular, an embodiment can be implemented in which the material columns are precompressed between the underside and upper side arranged pressing dies, namely during or after a first adjustment of the material columns relative to each other.

Such a pre-compression can in particular by one

certain preferably freely adjustable value can be performed. This avoids that the powder or

Material of the two columns of material mixed together. In particular, such a mixture is avoided both vertically and horizontally. It is then a clean

Dividing line between the different materials.

In repeated such steps after filling the second material, the shift of powder or material columns can be moved again. As a result of the fact that the first material is pre-compressed or precompressed, no mixing of the first and the second filled-in and possibly not yet or only partially pre-compacted material occurs.

It is also possible to implement a configuration in which at least one of the lower-side and upper-side punches has an annular configuration or with the inside This allows eg ring-wise filling and pressing in order to use different powders transversely to the pressing direction. For example, it is thus possible to produce toothed wheels which, on the outside of the toothed rim, are made of another,

in particular harder material than inside of it

are formed.

Also, in the filling positions it is possible to leave no space above one of the lower-side punches free, so that a subsequent material is not filled over such a puncture and thus this material is not over the entire width of the resulting compact

extends.

Autonomously preferred is a device with a

A die with a die opening, with at least two punches protruding into the die opening at the underside, with at least two punches insertable into the die opening at the top, with a filling device for filling the die opening with at least two different metallic and / or ceramic powdered and / or granular materials and with a control device, wherein the control device is designed and / or programmed for carrying out such a method. This is understood to mean that the process implementation to the control device as pure

Interconnection or so-called hardware, is designed with a processor for executing a program as so-called software or a combination of both.

Such a device is in particular as a ceramic and / or metal powder press with press dies as the

Stamping designed. Equivalent to a ceramic and / or metal powder press is a press for pressing a granular or mixed powder and granular material.

A data carrier with a program stored on it, which is programmed to carry out such a method in such a device, is also preferred. In particular, the data carrier can be an independent transportable storage device or one integrated in the press or its control device

Be memory device.

According to the method, such compacts can be formed on the one hand with high precision from different material layers and on the other hand can be both clean

Material separation as well as a sufficiently high pressing force experienced in the final compression. The production of such

Pressing is possible without great technical effort at the same time a small amount of time. An embodiment will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1 process steps for pressing a compact of different materials in a ceramic and / or metal powder press and

Fig. 2 further process steps to the pressed

Compact. 1 and 2 schematically show components of a press for pressing a compact of at least two different metallic and / or ceramic powder and / or granular materials p 1 - p 3. In chronological order are from right to left from 1 to 11 different

Timing shown during an exemplary Cycle through. In the exemplary

Press cycle is doing a compact 40 of three

Materials pl, p2, p3 pressed. However, only two or more than three different materials can be used. The materials pl - p3 can differ from each other in many different ways. In addition to differentiation by the chemical composition may also be differences in grain size, color or otherwise

Texture features exist.

In the press, a die 20 is arranged, which has a die opening 2 1. The die opening 2 1 is used for filling the powdery and / or granular material PI - p3, in particular ceramic powder and / or metal powder, by means of a filling device 26. Under such a

Material or powder is in a broader sense, a granulate or a mixture of fine-grained powder and

to understand granular material. From below, lower punch 22, 2 3 protrude into the

Die opening 2 1 and close the die opening 2 1 this down. The lower-side punches 22, 2 3 are in particular by means of driving means relative to each other and relative to the die 20 adjustable. After filling the powdery and / or granular material PI - p3 this can be compacted by means of top punches 24, 2 5 and pressed to the compact 30. These are the

Upper stamps 24, 2 5 from above into the

Matrizenöffnung 2 1 introduced, wherein the upper-side punches 24, 25 are adjustable in particular by means of driving means relative to each other and relative to the die 2 0.

A control device 27 serves the various

Drive devices, in particular one preferred top-side main press drive 2 8 and drives for moving individual of the punches 22 - 25 and / or the die 20, to control so that their individual movements run in a timely manner.

Such a press can in known manner have a press frame, which consists of two lateral press frame, which are on the top and bottom sides firmly connected to an upper side and a lower-side press frame. The press frames are firmly clamped together to build up a raft flow through them as far as the punches 22-25. To build or apply a pressing force, the press on a press drive, which, for example, as the top side

Main press drive 2 8 is arranged on top of the press frame. About a press drive piston, the pressing force is applied to an upper press tool by the press drive, so that it is adjusted in the direction of the die 20. Due to the applied pressing force, the individual components of the press tools are moved together and against the

tensioned on the underside of the press frame. The press

Stamp 22-25 the material to the pressing member 30th

Any drive systems, in particular electric motors, mechanical drives and / or hydraulic drives can be used as drives.

A preferred underside tool with u.a. the

Bottom punches 22, 23 consists of a plurality of individual components. The opposite of this

Upper-side tool with, inter alia, the lower-side punches 22, 23 may in principle have a comparable structure, but may also be constructed in a conventional manner or a mixed form of conventional construction and the construction and the lower-side tool. The same applies to Adjustment arrangements for adjusting the single individual components of the tools. In particular, for the method described for producing a compact 30 from different materials p 1 - p 3, respectively

opposite bottom and top stamp 22 - 24, 23 - 25 respectively opposite surfaces 22o and bottom surfaces 24u with the same outside contour on. In other words, they have each other

opposing punches 22-24, 23-25 respectively

in particular opposite equal pressing surfaces.

In the first illustrated method step 1 is a

Filling the Matrizerechnung 21 outlined with the first material pl. An upper edge of the die 20 is located here, for example, a piece above an exemplary zero-pressing position hO. The first lower-side punch 22 is raised to a height hl as an intermediate height of the first lower-side punch 22 for this method step 1. This height hl is located below the upper edge of the die 20, so that above the first punch 22 forms a fillable with the material pl space of the die opening 21. The second lower-side punch 23 is adjacent to the first lower-side punch 22

arranged and further offset from the inside Matrizenwandung the die 20 inwardly in the direction of the die opening 21. An interim height h2 of the second

lower punch 23 in the first step one, for example, is deeper than the

intermediate height hl of the first lower-side punch 22. As a result, above the upper side of the second punch 23, a space which can be filled over becomes the effective one

Die opening 21 is formed. By means of the filling device 26, the first material pl in the space above the

Stamp 22, 23 filled and preferably at the height of

Top of the die 20 smoothed. In principle, can the opposite inner wall of the die 20 are already right next to the second lower-side punch 23. However, other punches or another part of the first lower-side punch 22 may also follow. In addition to flat stamps, in particular also

cylindrical and annular punch may be used to form, for example, wheels or gears, which are formed with over the surface of different height wall and in the radial direction of different material stratification or material composition.

After removal of the filling device 26 are from the top side stamp 24, 25 on the material pl

placed. As a result, they form between each other

opposite frontal surfaces or

Lower surfaces of the lower and upper punch a first

Section sl and a second section s2 as powder or material columns of the resulting compact 40. On the basis of the next figure, the components are off

Process step 1 in a temporally later second

Step 2 outlined. In the meantime, the upper-side punches 24, 25 have been placed, so that between the first lower-side punch 22 and the first upper-side punch 24, a first portion sl of the resulting

Press body as the first powder or material column is formed and, accordingly, between the second lower-side punch 23 and the second upper-side punch 25, a second

Section s2 arises as a column of material. Besides that is

shown that after placing the top

Stamp 24, 25, the die 20 to a much higher

Positions compared to the zero-pressing position hO was driven. This or later also became the first

lower side and the first upper-side punch 22, 24 with the material column therebetween as the first section sl raised. The lifting takes place at the maximum extent that the material of the column of material, here the first section sl, always remains with its upper edge below an upper edge of the die 20. Shown is an intermediate time, in which an intermediate height h3 of the

Surface 22o of the lower first punch 22 is raised to an original height of the die surface of the die 20, wherein the second upper-side punch 25 remains lowered to this intermediate height h3. Thus, during this momentary situation, the surface 22o of the first lower punch 22 is at the same level as the lower surface 25u of the upper second punch 25 adjacent thereto. In other words, the materials in the first section sl and in the second section s2 are between the two pairs of punches 22 - 24, 23 - 25 completely separated at this moment. After placing the upper plates or the attached top-side punch 24, 25 on the material pl thus took place a displacement of the powder or material columns sl, s2 relative to each other so far that a contact of the

Powder columns lost among themselves.

During this displacement and in particular also a further displacement of the stamp 22 - 25 and

Material columns sl, s2 relative to each other, there is also a pre-compression of the material in the first and in the second section sl, s2. A value of the pre-compression can preferably be specified by a freely adjustable amount and ultimately by a different

Complaint of each opposite

Stamp pairs 22 - 24 or 23 - 25 are set. This pre-compression is particularly advantageous in

subsequent filling of a second material p2, since this avoids that the materials pl, p2 mix vertically and horizontally with each other and there are clean separation lines between the powders.

The diagram of the third method step 3 shows the further method of the material columns and pre-compression up to a displacement of the upper edges of the sections sl, s2 of the material columns in a filling position for the second material p2. For example, while the intermediate height h2 of the second lower side punch 23 was still maintained and the material in the second portion s2 was precompressed by lowering the second upper side punch 25, the first portion sl as a material column together with the first lower side punch 22 became one further intermediate height h4 of the first lower-side punch 22 is raised. This is purely by way of example clearly above the intermediate height h2 of the second lower-side punch 23.

Based on the fourth method step 4, a time even later time is sketched, in which the upper side

Stamp 24, 25 were completely lifted and the or another filling device 26 was guided over the die opening. By means of the filling device 26 is the second

Material p2 filled in the spaces above the first and second sections sl, s2 and then preferably

Surface plan with the surface of the die 21 deleted.

In a fifth method step 5 shown below, a placement of the upper-side punches 24, 25 and then a displacement of the material columns is performed. The one column of material now consists of the first

Section sl of the first material pl and a third section s3 of the second material between the first lower side and the first upper side punch 22, 24. The other column of material consists of the second section s2 the first material pl and an overlying fourth section s4 of the second material p2 between the second lower-side and upper-side stamps 23, 25. In the purely exemplary procedure, not only the

Upper punch 24, 25 lowered during this time course, but also the lower-side second punch 23 is raised to a further intermediate height h5. Because the first material pl on before or

was pre-compressed, there is no mixing of the two materials pl, p2.

Below is based on a sixth method step 6, a further adjustment of the stamp 22 - 25 relative

represented to each other, wherein a pre-compression is now also made of the second material p2. In the illustrated position, the upper edges of the material columns have already reached a third filling position, which again lies below the upper edge of the optionally further raised die 20 in the meantime. Of course, even with this or one of the other filling positions, one of the lower-side punches can be adjusted to the same height as the upper edge of the die 20 so that there is no filling with the further new material via the stamper or over the material column located above it.

Using the exemplary seventh method step 7, it is shown that in the meantime the upper-side punches 24, 25 have been lifted off again and the or a further filling device 26 has again been moved over the die opening 21. In addition, third material p3 is filled. The third material may optionally also be the same material as in the first filling step.

Subsequently, in an eighth method step 8, the upper-side punches 24, 25 are replaced and compacted while the newly filled third below

Material. Resulting now powder columns from the first, third and a fifth section sl, s3, s5 or from the second, fourth and a sixth section s2, s4, s6 between the opposing pairs of

Stamp 22-24 or 23-25.

In a subsequent ninth method step 9 it is shown that the two Prüfersäulen are moved relative to each other in a position in which later the individual components of the resulting compact 40 should be arranged not only in the horizontal, but also in lateral or radial direction to each other. There is thus a tester transport, in which the vertical powder or material columns are moved relative to each other.

This is followed by pressing or compaction, which is outlined in a tenth method step 10, wherein

In particular, in this step, a main pressing force from preferably the upper main press drive 28 on plates and the stamp 22 - 25 attached thereto takes place.

Finally, it is shown by means of an eleventh method step 11 that the resulting compact 40 is excluded from the top of the die 20 by the

lower-side ram 22, 23 and the upper side

Press punches 24, 25 are raised relative to the upper die edge of the die 20. Alternative to the example

Ejection may also be by peeling off by movement of the die relative to the compact 40, as known per se.

The described process steps are pure

Examples of selected times of a pressing cycle for a compact 40. Optionally, individual these process steps are omitted or added further process steps.

List of reference numbers:

1 filling with first material

2 placement of top stamps and method of

Powder or material columns relative to each other

3 further method of the material columns and

supercharging

4 filling with second material

5 placing the top-side stamp and method of

material columns

6 pre-compaction

7 Fill with third material

8 Placing the top punches and pre-compaction

9 powder or material transport and method of

material columns

10 presses or final compression to the compact

20 matrix

21 die opening

22, 23 lower-sided stamp, in particular punch

22o Surface of the lower first stamp

24, 25 top stamp, in particular punch

25u lower surface of the upper second punch

26 filling device

27 control device

28 upper main press drive

30 compacts

hO Zero press position

hl intermediate height of the first lower side

stamp

h2 intermediate height of the second lower side

stamp

h3 intermediate height of the first lower side

stamp

h4 intermediate height of the first lower side

stamp

h5 intermediate height of the second lower side

stamp pl first metallic and / or ceramic powder and / or granular material

p2 second material

p3 third material

sl first section of the compact as a powder or

material column

s2 second section as a column of material

s3 third section as a material column

s4 fourth section as a column of material

s5 fifth section as a column of material

s6 sixth section as a material column

Claims

claims

1. A method for pressing a compact (30) from at least two different metallic and / or

ceramic powder and / or granular materials (pl, p2, p3), in which

- in a die opening (21) of a die (20) a first such material (pl; p2) is filled (1; 4),

- In the die opening (21) at least two upper-side punch (22, 24) on the material (pl; p2) at least

be set up temporarily (2; 5),

- underside and top side arranged pressing ram (22,

23, 24, 25) together with intervening

Material columns along a pressing direction to different heights are adjusted (2 - 3, 5 - 6),

after lifting off the press punches (24, 25) arranged on the upper side into the die opening (21), the second material (p2, p3) is filled in (4, 7),

finally with the at least two upper-side punches (24, 25) the material (p1, p2) is finally compressed (9-10).

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the adjustment of the underside and top side arranged pressing ram (22, 23,

24, 25) together with the intervening

Material columns is carried out until a contact of the

lost to each other adjacent columns of material (2, 5).

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the adjustment of the underside and upper side arranged pressing ram (22, 23, 24, 25) together with the intervening

Material columns is carried out until the one another

adjacent columns of material have no contact with each other (2).

4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein after the

Losing the contact the bottom and top

arranged press ram (22, 23, 24, 25) are adjusted together with the material columns therebetween in a position in which the second material (p2, p3) is filled (4; 7).

5. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the adjusting to different heights, in particular a / the adjustment for losing the lateral contact of the

Material columns independent of an intermediate

Reaching a subsequent second filling position for the second material (p2, p3) is performed.

6. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the adjusting takes place in an intermediate step beyond the filling position or in one direction

opposite to one direction of the following

Filling position occurs.

7. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the columns of material between the underside and upper side arranged press dies (22, 23, 24, 25) are pre-compressed before a first adjustment relative to each other (2-3).

8. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the columns of material between the underside and upper side arranged press dies (22, 23, 24, 25) are pre-compressed during or after a first adjustment of the material columns relative to each other (3).

9. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein in each case at least one of the lower-side and upper-side punch (22, 24) has an annular configuration or with internal passage opening for performing at least one further lower side and upper side

Stamp (23, 25) is formed.

10. Device with

a die (20) with a die opening (21),

at least two punches (22, 23) protruding into the die opening (21) on the underside,

on the upper side at least two punches (24, 25) insertable into the die opening (21),

- A filling device () for filling the die opening (21) with at least two different metallic and / or ceramic powder and / or granular materials (pl, p2) and

- A control device (), wherein the control device is designed and / or programmed for performing a method according to any preceding claim.

11. The device according to claim 10, which as a ceramic and / or metal powder press with press dies as the

Stamping (22, 23, 24, 25) is configured.

12. data carrier with a stored program, which for performing the method according to one of

Claims in a device according to claim 10 or 11 is programmed.