DE102011105334A1 - Shaft ring for shaft made of concrete, comprises multiple spaced load receiving elements, which are arranged on periphery in distributed manner and spaced from each other, where individual load receiving element is inserted into recess - Google Patents

Abstract

The shaft ring comprises multiple spaced load receiving elements (1), which are arranged on the periphery in a distributed manner and are spaced apart from each other. The individual load receiving element is inserted into a recess (13) in a lower sleeve (11) of form for producing the shaft ring with its head part (6). The head part has a layer (7) formed as a clamping and support layer (8) and another layer (9) formed as a carrier layer (10). The layer of the head part has a clamping body (27) on a circumferential lateral surface (26).

Description

The invention relates to a concrete manhole ring according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a load-bearing element according to the preamble of claim 2.

From the EP 2 000 725 A2 a manhole ring made of concrete or the like or a load-receiving element for concreting into a manhole ring is known, wherein a shaft comprises at least the first manhole ring and a second manhole ring, the manhole rings each having an upper edge and a lower edge, wherein at least the first manhole ring at its cooperating with the second chess ring lower edge a plurality of circumferentially spaced at the edge circumferentially spaced load-receiving elements, wherein the load-receiving element is strip-shaped and comprises a head part and a foot part, both parts by a longitudinal center plane and an orthogonal to this arranged transverse center plane be divided, wherein the single load-receiving element is used for producing the first manhole ring with its head part in a recess in a lower sleeve of a mold for producing the first manhole ring, wherein in the assembled state of the shaft of the first Scha ring with the head parts of its load-bearing elements rests on the upper edge of the second manhole ring, wherein the head part as a clamping and supporting layer formed first layer and a second layer formed as a support layer, wherein the first layer has a height which is greater than or equal to a thickness is, which has the lower sleeve of the mold in which the manhole ring is produced in the region of the recess for the load-bearing element. With such a shaft made of concrete, it could be observed that the seat of the individual load-bearing element in the lower sleeve is not always optimal, especially in the case of older or less dimensionally manufactured lower sleeves.

The invention has for its object to develop a shaft made of concrete or a load-receiving element, in which a fixation of the load-receiving element is optimized in the lower sleeve and in which in particular an integration of the load-receiving element in the concrete and the load-bearing behavior of the head part are optimized.

This object is achieved on the basis of the features of the preamble of claim 1 and of claim 2 by the characterizing features of claim 1 and claim 2. In the dependent claims advantageous and expedient developments are given.

In the concrete manhole ring according to the invention or a load-bearing element according to the invention, the first layer of the head part of the load-bearing element comprises at least one clamping body on a peripheral side face, through which the first layer engages against the recess of the bottom sleeve in which the load-bearing element is used to produce the manhole ring Excessive. As a result of the formation of the first layer with at least one clamping body, the load-receiving element also experiences optimum holding force in recesses having slightly different dimensions, since the clamping body or bodies can be deformed over a large area. Through the use of one or more clamping body and the attachment, in particular the impact or the impressions of the load-receiving element is facilitated in the lower sleeve, as this is not fully applied during mounting on a peripheral edge of the recess, but virtually only the or the clamping body come to rest and these can deform more easily due to their projecting with respect to the body training than a layer with a geometry adapted to the contour of the recess. The core of the invention is thus an embodiment of the load-receiving element, which ensures that the load-receiving element has at least when attaching to the recess in the mold for producing the manhole ring or on the lower sleeve no circumferential and full-surface contact, but only partially on the recess having lower sleeve is applied.

The invention provides, in the chess ring or the load-receiving element to form the clamping body over the entire height of the first layer and / or form the clamping body as a bulge in the form of a cylindrical segment, which has a parallel to an imaginary cylinder axis extending cutting plane, and / or the first layer of the head portion of the load-receiving element by the at least one clamping body orthogonal to the longitudinal center plane by 1 mm to 4 mm and preferably by about 2 mm to widen and / or the clamping body, if there are several, with respect to the longitudinal center plane of the load-receiving element to arrange opposite and / or to align the cutting plane of the clamping body designed as a cylinder segment parallel to the longitudinal center plane and / or to dispose the clamping body in a position to each other. By one or more of the measures mentioned the hold of the load-bearing element is optimized in the lower sleeve.

Furthermore, the invention provides that the clamping body, if several are present, to arrange symmetrically to the transverse center plane and / or symmetrically to the longitudinal center plane. By a Symmetrical arrangement is counteracted tilting of the load-bearing element during fastening by knocking or pressing in or pressing in, since the resistance which must be overcome during fastening, is largely uniformly distributed on the circumference of the load-receiving element.

According to the invention, the head part of the load-bearing element is composed of towers and blocks which are formed of the same material and merge into one another. Here, each tower is thought to be formed by extruding a partial surface of a base located between the foot and the head and extending over the first and second layers, the extrusion of each tower being particularly orthogonal to the base, each block conceptually by extrusion of a partial surface the base is formed and extends only over the first layer, wherein the extrusion of each block is in particular orthogonal to the base, wherein a first bearing surface is formed by roof surfaces of the towers and wherein a second bearing surface is formed by roof surfaces of the blocks and wherein the towers and the blocks are in particular arranged alternately. By all of the above measures or part of the above measures optimal elastic and plastic deformation is possible in the load case, since the towers have space across the pressure force on all sides to deform. If the load exceeds the load capacity of the towers, the entire roof surface of the blocks is suddenly available to completely absorb the load. In particular, the invention provides for forming the clamping bodies between the towers on the blocks and the towers in particular at the same heights and in particular different volumes train. An arrangement of the clamping body between the towers ensures a distance between the clamping bodies, which allows their unhindered deformation. By equal heights of the towers is achieved that these are charged almost simultaneously. By different volumes of the towers their resistance to tilting or shearing can be influenced, wherein it is provided to provide the towers, which are arranged on the short transverse sides of the load-receiving element, with the largest volume.

Furthermore, the invention provides that form between a base and a base surface opposite the foot surface of the foot part circumferential side surface of the foot part of the load-receiving element as a circumferential groove, which is in particular concave in cross-section and / or the foot part on a base surface opposite foot surface at least one tab to provide, wherein the tab extends in particular at an angle between 0 ° and 60 ° and preferably between 20 ° and 45 ° or preferably with 0 ° parallel to the foot surface of the base and is arranged in particular in a Randbereicht the foot part , By one or both measures better anchoring of the load-bearing element in the concrete, wherein in each case a kind of positive connection between the concrete and the circumferential groove or the tab is made, through which the circumferential groove or the tab are particularly effective anchoring means. One or more tabs aligned parallel to the foot surface enhance anchoring of the load-bearing member in the concrete without impeding or risking damage to the load-bearing member.

As a further measure for anchoring the load-bearing element in concrete, the invention provides for equipping the foot part with a web on at least one base surface, wherein the web extends on the foot surface of the load-bearing element in particular obliquely or transversely to the longitudinal center plane over the foot surface, wherein the web extends in particular over an entire width of the load-receiving element and wherein the foot surface of the load-receiving element laterally of the web at least forms a striking surface, so that the load-receiving element for producing the first manhole ring is einschlagbar in this one of the recesses of the lower sleeve of the mold. This can be done deep reaching into the concrete anchoring of the load-bearing element, which allows despite their arrangement on the foot surface, the turning of the load-bearing element in the lower sleeve.

The invention also provides for the web (s) and the tower (s) to be staggered relative to one another with respect to the transverse center plane, each tower being spaced in particular from the transverse center plane and being cut by the median longitudinal plane. As a result, a center of the load-receiving element, in which the web is formed, kept free of a tower, so that in the center no adverse accumulation of material is formed.

Finally, the invention provides to form the load-receiving element made of plastic. In this way, the load-bearing element can be adapted to different requirements, which are given for example by the dimensioning of manhole rings with constant geometrical dimensioning by the choice of plastics with different Shore hardness. In particular, it is provided to produce the load-receiving element made of polypropylene, wherein the polypropylene in particular a thermoplastic elastomer, in particular a thermoplastic elastomer based on olefin such. B. the product SANTOPRENE is mixed.

Further details of the invention are described in the drawing with reference to schematically illustrated embodiments.

Hereby shows:

1 to 3 a load-bearing element according to the invention in three different views;

4 to 8th : a schematic representation of the production of a chess ring according to the invention and

8th : a schematic representation of a shaft with a manhole ring according to the invention.

In the 1 to 3 is an inventive load-bearing element 1 shown in three different views. This load-bearing element 1 is for installation in a first manhole ring 2 a shaft 3 provided, the shaft 3 the first chess ring 2 and a second manhole ring 4 includes (see 8th ).

In the 1 is the load-bearing element 1 shown in a side view. The load-bearing element 1 includes a footboard 5 and a headboard 6 , The headboard 6 includes a first layer 7 , which as a clamping and supporting layer 8th acts and a second layer 9 , which as a base course 10 acts. With the first shift 7 is the load-bearing element 1 in the production of the chess ring in a in the 1 only schematically indicated lower sleeve 11 trapped, with the foot part 5 then in also schematically indicated concrete 12 is poured. The concrete 12 and the load-bearing element 1 then form the first chess ring 2 (please refer 8th ). This includes the first manhole ring 2 eight evenly distributed around the circumference arranged load-bearing elements. The first shift 7 of the headboard 6 has a height H7 which is greater than or equal to a thickness D11, which is the lower sleeve 11 in the area of one for receiving the load compensation element 1 provided recess 13 having. In the side view is recognizable as the two layers 7 and 9 alternating towers 14 and blocks 15 form, being between six towers 14 five blocks 15 are arranged. Here are roofs 16 the towers 14 a first bearing surface 17 with which the load-bearing element 1 on the in the 1 not shown second chute ring rests. Furthermore, roof areas form 18 of the blocks 15 a second bearing surface 19 when the towers 14 in the installed state of the first chess ring from its vicinity H14 to the height H7 or H15 of the blocks 15 are compressed so that the deformed towers 14 when catching the load abruptly from the blocks 15 get supported. The entire load-bearing element 1 is by a protruding from the plane of the plane transverse center plane QE and perpendicular to this longitudinal center plane LE, which in the 2 is shown divided. Between the headboard 6 and the foot part 5 is a base GF, on which the towers 14 and the blocks 15 are arranged. The longitudinal center plane LE and the transverse center plane QE are perpendicular to the base GF. Parallel to the footprint GF has the foot part 5 a foot surface FF, which is also called a striking surface SF, since the foot surface FF is hit with a hammer to the load receiving element 1 into the recess 13 the lower sleeve 11 to pinch. Between the base GF and the foot surface FF has the foot part 5 a circumferential side surface 20 on, which in the form of a circumferential groove 21 is trained. The groove 21 is formed circumferentially curved inward. As a result, one is the load compensation element 1 circumferential undercut 22 formed, in which the in the production of the first chess ring 2 liquid concrete 12 flows in, so that after hardening of the concrete 12 between the concrete 12 and the load-bearing element 1 a positive connection is present. Furthermore, for anchoring the load-balancing element 1 on the foot part 5 two more tabs 23 respectively. 23a . 23b educated. These tabs 23 have with a longitudinal axis LA23a and LA23b to the base GF an angle 1 or α2, which is 30 °. Through these tabs 23 creates an additional anchoring of the load-bearing element 1 in the concrete 12 , The anchoring effect is achieved in particular by the fact that the tabs 23 with their free ends 24a . 24b in the horizontal direction x or x 'protrude over the foot surface FF. According to an embodiment variant, not shown, it is also provided to align the tabs with its longitudinal axis parallel to the foot surface. The third anchorage is the load-bearing element 1 another footbridge 25 which is in relation to a length L1 of the load-bearing element 1 is centered and extending over an entire width B1 (see 3 ) of the load-bearing element 1 extends.

In the 2 is now a top view of that in the 1 shown load-bearing element 1 from one in the 1 shown arrow direction II shown. In the plan view it can be seen that the blocks 15 opposite the towers 14 ' are widened. Here is the headboard 6 in the area of his first shift 7 on a circumferential side surface 26 in the area of blocks 15 or between the towers 14 by clamping body 27 widened. The blocks 15 each have a width B15 and the towers 14 each have a width B14, where B15> B14. The parallel to the base GF measured width B15 remains over the entire height H7 of the first layer 7 unchanged. The width B14 measured parallel to the base GF also remains above the height H14 of the towers 14 unchanged. Thus, both the blocks rise 15 as well as the towers 14 orthogonal to the base GF out of the base GF out without rejuvenation and broadening. With regard to a width B13 of the recess indicated by dashed lines 13 the lower sleeve 11 into which the load-bearing element 1 is used for producing the first manhole ring, according to the invention B15>B13> B14. This ensures that the load-bearing element 1 easy and without tilting in the recess 13 can be pressed or hit, but still a good grip of the load-bearing element 1 in the recess 13 the lower sleeve 11 is guaranteed, so this when handling the lower sleeve 11 until the concrete is poured out of the recess 13 can fall out. When the load-bearing element 1 in the lower sleeve 11 is used, then this is the proportion of its base GF, which does not depend on the head part 6 is covered on the lower sleeve 11 at. This portion of the base GF forms an annular circumferential contact surface. An oversize UE not shown, which is the first layer 7 Of the head 6 of the load-bearing element 1 with the width B15 opposite the width B13 of the recess 13 calculated as the difference between the width B13 of the recess and the width B15, which is the head part 6 in the area of the clamping body 27 having. In the present embodiment, UE = B15 - B13. In this case, the widths B13, B15 are measured parallel to the base area GF and parallel to the transverse center plane QE.

In the 3 is that in the 2 shown load-bearing element 1 from one in the 2 shown arrow direction III shown. From this view it can be seen how the clamping body 27 each above the height H7 of the first layer 7 of the headboard 6 extend. The clamp body 27 which the shaping of the first layer 7 of the headboard 6 co-determine, are all as cylinder segments 28 executed (see 2 ), which bulges 29 the surrounding side surface 26 of the headboard 6 form. Here, a sectional plane SE passes through an imaginary cylinder 30 , from which the respective cylinder segment 28 arises, each parallel to a cylinder axis 31 of the imaginary cylinder 30 , The excess UE or a widening of the header 6 in the area of opposite load-bearing elements 27 is about 2 mm in the embodiment. The clamp body 27 are arranged mirror-symmetrically to the longitudinal center plane LE. The towers 14 and the blocks 15 are arranged both mirror-symmetrically to the longitudinal center plane LE and mirror-symmetrical to the transverse center plane QE. In order to achieve optimum support of the first manhole ring via its load-bearing elements on the second manhole ring, has the load-bearing element 1 to transverse sides 32 . 33 in each case an outer tower, whose volume V14 with respect to the lying closer to the transverse center plane QE towers 14 is larger due to a larger footprint G14. In a center 34 of the load-bearing element 1 (please refer 1 ) is in the head area 6 a block 15 and no tower 14 arranged around one by the centrally arranged web 25 caused material accumulation to compensate.

According to one embodiment of the invention, it is provided to form the load-bearing element without the web and / or the tabs.

The 4 to 7 show a schematic representation of the manufacturing steps for the above-mentioned first manhole ring 2 , The chess ring 2 basically consists of a concrete body BK and several load-bearing elements 1 , where in the 4 to 7 only one load-bearing element each 1 of the chess ring 2 is visible and being as a load-bearing element 1 that from the 1 to 3 known load-receiving element is shown in simplified form (see in particular 7 ). For the production of the chess ring 2 First, the load-bearing elements 1 in the above-mentioned recesses 13 the lower sleeve 11 with a tool 36 in an arrow direction z 'taken, in the representations only one recess is visible. When driving in the load-bearing element 1 at the footbridge 25 split face SF become the clamp body 27 deformed and pressed in the direction of the longitudinal center plane LE and / or easily peeled off, thus generating a clamping action. After driving in the load-bearing elements 1 becomes a form 37 to which the lower sleeve 11 essentially, by a core 38 and an outer ring 39 completed (see 5 ). Subsequently, concrete is poured from above 12 in an interior 40 the form 37 filled (see 5 and 6 ). The in the direction of the arrow z 'in the interior 40 the form 37 pouring concrete 12 flows around during filling and compaction, the foot parts 5 the load-bearing elements 1 , In the hardened concrete 12 are the load-bearing elements 1 then over their jetties 25 , the tabs, not shown, and the undercut 22 positive fit in the concrete 12 held. In the 7 is a part of the chess ring 2 shown after demoulding.

In the 8th is now the above-mentioned shaft 3 shown, which is from the first chess ring 2 and the second chess ring 4 composed. The first chess ring 2 has an upper annular edge 41 and a lower annular rim 42 on. The second chess ring 4 has an upper annular edge 43 and one lower annular edge 44 on. The first or upper manhole ring 2 lies with its lower edge 42 the top edge 43 the second, lower chess ring 4 across from. A touch of the edges 42 and 43 the manhole rings 2 and 4 is through the evenly spaced over the annular edge 42 of the upper chess ring 2 or over the end face SF42 in the direction of arrow z 'protruding load-bearing elements 1 prevented. The first upper chess ring 2 lies exclusively with the headboards 6 its load-bearing elements 1 on the upper edge 43 the second, lower chess ring 4 on. Here, in particular, the towers 14 by the weight of the concrete body 35 of the first chess ring 2 compressed and deformed. With a correspondingly high load on the manhole ring, which in practice may be up to 40 t, deformation of the blocks may also occur 15 one. After completion of the deformation, the upper manhole ring 2 and the lower chess ring 4 through the headboards 6 the load-bearing elements 1 held at a distance D3 to each other. The load-bearing elements 1 are by their anchoring in the concrete body 35 of the chess ring 2 when removing the chess ring 2 , during transportation of the chess ring 2 and when moving the chess ring 2 held reliably.

The invention is not limited to illustrated or described embodiments. Rather, it includes developments of the invention within the scope of the patent claims.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Load-bearing element

2

first chess ring

3

shaft

4

second chess ring

5

Foot part of 1

6

Headboard of 1

7

first layer of 6

8th

Clamping and supporting layer

9

second layer of 6

10

base course

11

Untermuffe of 37

12

concrete

13

Recess in 11

14

tower

15

block

16

Roof area of 14

17

first bearing surface formed by 16

18

Roof area of 15

19

second bearing surface formed by 18

20

circumferential side surface of 5

21

circumferential groove 5

22

circumferential undercut on 5

23, 23a, 23b

Flap on 5

24a, 24b

free end of 23a respectively. 23b

25

Footbridge of 5

26

circumferential side surface of 6

27

Clamping body of 6

28

cylinder segment

29

bulge

30

imaginary cylinder

31

Cylinder axis of 30

32, 33

transverse side

34

center

37

Mold for the production of 2

38

Core of 37

39

Outer ring of 37

40

Interior of 37

41

upper annular edge of 2

42

lower annular edge of 2

43

upper annular edge of 4

44

lower annular edge of 4

B1

Width of 1

B13

Width of 13

B14

Width of 14

B15

Width of 15

BK

concrete body

D3

distance between 2 and 4

D11

Thickness of 11

FF

Foot area of 1

G14

Footprint of 14

GF

Footprint of 1

H7

Height of 7

H14

Height of 14

H15

Height of 15

L1

length of 1

LA23a, LA23b

Longitudinal axis of 23a . 23b

LE

Longitudinal median plane of 1

QE

Cross median plane of 1

S

Cut through 30

SF

Clubface of 1

SF42

Face of 42

UE

Excess of 6

V14

Volume of 14

α1, α2

Angle between LA23a or LA23b and GF

x, x '

horizontal direction

z '

arrow

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 2000725 A2 [0002]

Claims (10)

Chess ring ( 2 ) concrete ( 12 ) or the like, - wherein a shaft ( 3 ) at least the first manhole ring ( 2 ) and a second manhole ring ( 4 ), wherein the manhole rings ( 2 . 4 ) each have an upper edge ( 41 ; 43 ) and a lower edge ( 42 ; 44 ), wherein at least the first manhole ring ( 2 ) at his with the second manhole ring ( 4 ) cooperating lower edge ( 42 ) several on the edge ( 42 ) spaced apart on the circumference distributed load receiving elements ( 1 ), wherein the load receiving element ( 1 ) is strip-shaped and a head part ( 6 ) and a foot part ( 5 ), wherein both parts are divided by a longitudinal center plane (LE) and a transverse center plane (QE) arranged orthogonal to the latter, - wherein the individual load receiving element (LE) 1 ) for the production of the first chess ring ( 2 ) with its head part ( 6 ) in a recess ( 13 ) in a lower sleeve ( 11 ) of a form ( 37 ) for the production of the first chess ring ( 2 ) is used, - in the assembled state of the shaft ( 3 ) the first chess ring ( 2 ) with the head parts ( 6 ) of its load-bearing elements ( 1 ) on the upper edge ( 43 ) of the second chess ring ( 4 ), - wherein the head part ( 6 ) as a clamping and supporting layer ( 8th ) formed first layer ( 7 ) and a support layer ( 10 ) formed second layer ( 9 ), wherein the first layer ( 7 ) has a height (H7) which is greater than or equal to a thickness (D11), which the lower sleeve ( 11 ) the form ( 37 ), in which the manhole ring ( 2 ), in the region of the recess ( 13 ) for the load-bearing element ( 1 ), characterized in that - the first layer ( 7 ) of the header ( 6 ) on a circumferential side surface ( 26 ) at least one clamping body ( 27 ), through which the first layer ( 7 ) opposite the recess ( 13 ) of the lower sleeve ( 11 ) has an excess (UE). Load-bearing element ( 1 ) for concreting into a manhole ring ( 2 ), - wherein the load-bearing element ( 1 ) is strip-shaped and a head part ( 6 ) and a foot part ( 5 ), both parts ( 5 . 6 ) are divided by a median longitudinal plane (LE) and a transverse median plane (QE) arranged orthogonally to the latter, 6 ) as a clamping and supporting layer ( 8th ) formed first layer ( 7 ) and a support layer ( 10 ) formed second layer ( 9 ), wherein the first layer ( 7 ) has a height (H7) which is coarser or equal to a thickness (D11) which is a lower sleeve (H7) ( 11 ) of a form ( 37 ), in which the manhole ring ( 2 ), in the region of a recess ( 13 ) for the load-bearing element ( 1 ), characterized in that the first layer ( 7 ) of the header ( 6 ) on a circumferential side surface ( 26 ) at least one clamping body ( 27 ), through which the first layer ( 7 ) opposite the recess ( 13 ) of the lower sleeve ( 11 ) has an excess (UE). Chute ring or load-bearing element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the clamping body ( 27 ) in particular over the entire height (H7) of the first layer ( 7 ), - wherein the clamping body ( 27 ) in particular as a bulge ( 29 ) in particular in the form of a cylinder segment ( 28 ) which is parallel to an imaginary cylinder axis ( 31 ) extending cutting plane (SE), - wherein the first layer ( 7 ) of the header ( 6 ) of the load-bearing element ( 1 ) by the at least one clamping body ( 27 ) is widened in particular orthogonal to the longitudinal center plane (LE) in particular by 1 mm to 4 mm, and preferably by about 2 mm, - wherein the clamping body ( 27 ), if there are several, with respect to the longitudinal median plane (LE) of the load-bearing element ( 1 ) in particular opposite, - wherein the sectional plane (SE) of the cylinder segment ( 28 ) formed clamping body ( 27 ) is aligned in particular parallel to the longitudinal center plane (LE) and - wherein the clamping body ( 27 ) are arranged in particular objectionable to each other. Chute ring or load-bearing element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the clamping body ( 27 ), if several are present, are arranged symmetrically to the transverse center plane (QE) and / or symmetrically to the longitudinal center plane (LE). Chute ring or load-bearing element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the head part ( 6 ) from towers ( 14 ) and blocks ( 15 ), each tower ( 14 mentally by extrusion of a partial surface of a between the foot part ( 5 ) and the head part ( 6 ) and formed over the first and the second layer (FIG. 7 . 9 ), wherein the extrusion of each tower ( 14 ) is carried out in particular orthogonal to the base area (GF), - each block ( 15 ) is thought to be formed by extrusion of a partial surface of the base (GF) and over the first layer ( 7 ), wherein the extrusion of each block ( 15 ) takes place in particular orthogonal to the base area (GF), - wherein a first bearing surface ( 17 ) through roof areas ( 16 ) of the towers ( 14 ) is formed and wherein a second bearing surface ( 19 ) through roof areas ( 18 ) of the blocks ( 15 ), the towers ( 14 ) and the blocks ( 15 ) are arranged in particular alternately. Chute ring or load-bearing element according to claim 5, characterized in that - the clamping body ( 27 ) between the towers ( 14 ) on the blocks ( 15 ), - that the towers ( 14 ) in particular equal heights (H14) and in particular different volumes (V14) have. Chute ring or load-bearing element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - a foot surface (FF) of the foot part (FF) lying opposite a base surface (GF) and one of the base surface (GF) ( 5 ) circumferential side surface ( 20 ) of the foot part ( 5 ) as a circumferential groove ( 21 ) is formed, which is in particular concave in cross-section and / or - that the foot part ( 5 ) at one of a base (GF) opposite foot surface (FF) at least one tab ( 23 ; 23a . 23b ), wherein the tab ( 23 ; 23a . 23b ) extends in particular at an angle (α1, α2) between 0 ° and 60 ° and preferably between 20 ° and 45 ° or preferably at 0 ° parallel to the foot surface (FF) away from the base (GF) and in particular in a peripheral region of the Foot part ( 5 ) is arranged. Chute ring or load-bearing element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the foot part ( 5 ) at one of the base surface (GF) opposite foot surface (FF) least one web ( 25 ), wherein the web ( 25 ) on the foot surface (FF) of the load-bearing element ( 1 ) extends in particular obliquely or transversely to the longitudinal center plane (LE) over the foot surface (FF), - wherein the web ( 25 ) in particular over an entire width (B1) of the load-bearing element ( 1 ), - wherein the foot surface (FF) of the load-bearing element ( 1 ) laterally of the bridge ( 25 ) forms at least one impact surface (SF), so that the load-bearing element ( 1 ) for the production of the first chess ring ( 2 ) at this in one of the recesses ( 13 ) of the lower sleeve ( 11 ) the form ( 37 ) is einschlagbar. Chute ring or load-bearing element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the or the webs ( 25 ) and the tower (s) ( 14 ) are offset relative to each other with respect to the transverse center plane (QE) and that in particular each tower ( 14 ) is spaced from the transverse median plane (QE) and cut from the median longitudinal plane (LE). Chute ring or load-bearing element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the load-bearing element ( 1 ) is formed of plastic.

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