DE102010056125B4 - Opposed piston engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the Gegenkolben-, Kurvenbahn-, cam and reciprocating engines. Opposite piston engine includes: - two fixed holders i with the positions arranged in the tangential direction, in each of which a pair of opposing cylinders Z (with a cylinder head ZK and a piston unit) is located, the holders i being arranged symmetrically relative to the central plane of the construction, - One in the central holes of the holder i rotating drive shaft TW, - A rotating Hubscheibe H (the profile of the optimal Kolbenhubkurve corresponds), which is coaxially detected on the drive shaft TW, - wherein each cylinder Z is a piston unit with a rolling on the Hubscheibe H. Rotary element RH (and its support member X, which it includes), and characterized in that - the motor second, on the drive shaft TW detected circumferential Hubscheibe H includes, so that both Hubscheiben H are arranged symmetrically relative to the central plane of the structure, - on one the front sides of each lifting disc H sinusoidal rmiges guide profile is formed, wherein the guide profiles of the extender wheels H are arranged specularly to one another, - the components of the piston units and the gas-exchange system of the positions opposite to each other located the central plane of the structure are arranged in mirror-like manner relative, so that the same operations at each moment happen in the gegenüberbefindlichen cylinders Z. There are on the drive shaft TW two return discs L mirror-like relative to the central plane of the construction found, and on one of the end faces of each return plate L is a (sinusoidal) guide each mirror-like, so that hub H and return plate L the support member X by two rotating elements RH + RL or a rotary element RH alternately act on each other. For the purpose of realizing the four-stroke method, a valve timing disc G is symmetrically detected between both holders i over the pressure receiving areas of the shafts of intake and exhaust valves Off on the drive shaft TW coaxially, and on the end faces of the valve timing disc G, the same guide profiles are mirror-inverted, so that each Guide profile desired valve lift curve corresponds, with each valve stem contact with the guide profile is made by a ball.

Description

The invention relates to the Gegenkolben-, Kurvenbahn-, cam and reciprocating engines.

• 1 – wesentlich kleinere Arbeitshube und fast vollkommener Ausgleich durch gegenläufige Kurbeltriebwerke, was höhere Laufkultur und Geschwindigkeit (Leistung) ermöglicht,
• 2 – höherer thermischer Wirkungsgrad dank dem Fehlen der Wärmeabfuhr von den Zylinderköpfen,
• 3 – verbesserte Ein- und Auslass-Steuerung, weil die Kolben sich phasenversetzt bewegen können (ein Kolben steuert den Einlass, der Andere – den Auslass),
• 4 – es gibt keine Zylinderköpfe und Ausgleichswellen, dabei gibt es viele Wiederholteile.

The opposed piston engine has many advantages over the conventional reciprocating engine:

• 1 - much smaller power stroke and almost perfect balance by counter-rotating crank mechanisms, which allows higher running culture and speed (power),
• 2 - higher thermal efficiency thanks to the lack of heat dissipation from the cylinder heads,
• 3 - improved inlet and outlet control because the pistons can move out of phase (one piston controls the inlet, the other - the outlet),
• 4 - there are no cylinder heads and balance shafts, but there are many repeat parts.

• – zwei Kurbelwellen – das führt zu längerer Bauweise und höherem Gewicht,
• – es gibt keinen bekannten Viertakt-Gegenkolbenmotor.

The opposed piston engine has two major disadvantages:

• - two crankshafts - that leads to longer construction and higher weight,
• - There is no known four-stroke piston engine.

• – der Wunsch nach höherer Leistung, wozu man die Zylinderzahl erhöhen musste, dabei stieß man aber triebwerksmechanisch rasch an Grenzen,
• – Veränderung des Bewegungsgesetzes der Kolben zur Verbesserung des Gaswechsels (z. B. Verlängerung der Anlass-/Belüftungszeit),
• – Erhöhung des Verdichtungsgrads dank gleichmäßigem Verschleiß der Zylinderwände wegen des Fehlens der Kolbenseitenkräfte,
• – kleinere Reibung, weil die Kurbel-Pleuel-Triebwerke viele schmierbedürftige Gelenkflächen haben.

There have always been attempts to replace the crank mechanism by crankshaft-less engines. Reasons were:

• - The desire for higher performance, what you had to increase the number of cylinders, but you came but engine mechanics quickly to the limits,
• Change in the law of motion of the pistons to improve the gas exchange (eg extension of the starting / aeration time),
• Increasing the degree of compaction thanks to uniform wear of the cylinder walls due to the absence of piston side forces,
• - Smaller friction, because the crank-connecting rod engines have many surfaces requiring lubrication joint.

None of the inventive ideas for the crankshaft-less engines could prevail in the field of "internal combustion engines", although these engines in pump technology (for radial and axial piston engines) retain the main position.

• – große Seitenkräfte an den Kolbenstangen,
• – Unstabilität der Rolle (als des Lastaufnahmeelements der Kolbeneinheit) auf der Kurvenbahn/Nockenwelle wegen der Verschiebung ihrer Achse entlang und der Verdrehung um die Achse der Kolbeneinheit,
• – ungünstiger Brennraum bei manchen Konstruktionen, siehe z. B. moderne Konstruktion von „Reg Technologies Inc.” in http://www.regtech.com/Radmax_Technology,
• – Schwierigkeit der Abschirmung der Kontaktflächen von den aus dem Brennraum durch Kolbenringspalten durchgedrungenen Gasen,
• – preisgünstige Großfertigung der Teile mit gekrümmten verschleißfesten Flächen wurde vor nicht langer Zeit mit Entwicklung keramischer Industrie und programmierter Schleifmaschinen möglich.

There are the following disabling factors for the use of crankshaft-less engines:

• Large side forces on the piston rods,
• Unsteadiness of the roller (as the load-bearing element of the piston unit) on the cam track / camshaft due to the displacement of its axis and the rotation about the axis of the piston unit,
• Unfavorable combustion chamber in some constructions, see e.g. B. Modern Design by "Reg Technologies Inc." at http://www.regtech.com/Radmax_Technology,
• The difficulty of shielding the contact surfaces from the gases which have passed through the piston chamber through the combustion chamber,
• - Low-cost large-scale production of curved wear-resistant parts became possible not long ago with the development of ceramic industry and programmed grinding machines.

• – zwei Halter mit den in tangentialer Richtung angeordneten Positionen, in denen sich je ein Paar gegenüberliegende Zylinder befindet,
• – eine in den Zentralbohrungen der Halter sich drehende Triebwelle und
• – eine auf der Triebwelle zwischen den gegenüberliegenden Zylindern festgestellte Hubscheibe, das Profil derer optimaler Kolbenhubkurve entspricht,
• – wobei jeder Zylinder eine Kolbeneinheit mit einem Drehelement beinhaltet, und gegenüberliegende Kolbeneinheiten sind paarweise verbunden und oszillieren zusammen, sind in folgenden Dokumenten aufzusuchen: DE 20 2007 015 140 und MTZ 11/1997, 660, S. 7 „Gescheiterte Motorenkonzeptionen...”, S. Zima. Im letzten Dokument ist der Herrman-Motor (der 20–30-er Jahre) geschildert, in dem die Kolbeneinheiten mit sinusförmiger Hubscheibe durch Rollen getrieben werden, so dass die Paare Rollen an gegenseitigen Stirnseiten der Hubscheibe abrollen. Ein großer Nachteil dieser Konstruktionen ist abwechselnd einseitige Kraftanlegung an die Hubscheibe.

The contrary inventions based on the concept, which includes:

• Two holders with the positions arranged in the tangential direction, in each of which there is a pair of opposed cylinders,
• - One in the central holes of the holder rotating drive shaft and
• A lifting disk, determined on the drive shaft between the opposite cylinders, corresponding to the profile of the optimum piston stroke curve,
• - Each cylinder includes a piston unit with a rotating element, and opposite piston units are connected in pairs and oscillate together, can be found in the following documents: DE 20 2007 015 140 and MTZ 11/1997, 660, p. 7 "Failed Engine Concepts ...", S. Zima. In the last document, the Herrman motor (of the 20-30s) is described, in which the piston units with sinusoidal lifting disc are driven by rollers, so that the pairs roll off rollers on mutually opposite sides of the lifting disc. A major disadvantage of these designs is alternately unilateral force application to the lifting disc.

The aim of the present invention is to provide a crankshaftless (and rodless) opposed piston engine, including a four-stroke engine, having no mentioned disadvantages of the opposed piston, cam and cam engines.

An

– Ansaugventil,

Aus

– Auslassventil,

B

– Brennraum,

C

– Buchse (Zylinderlaufbuchse),

Ein

– selbsttätiges Einlassventil,

G

– Ventilsteuerscheibe,

H

– Hubscheibe,

i

– Halter,

J

– Rückstellfeder,

K

– Kolben,

L

– Rücklaufscheibe,

M

– Wärmetauschraum,

P

– Führung des Stützelements X,

RH

– Drehelement für Kraftanlegung von Hubscheibe H,

RL

– Drehelement für Kraftanlegung von Rücklaufscheibe L,

S

– selbsttätiges Sperrventil,

St

– Stößel,

T

– Kolbenstange,

TW

– Triebwelle,

U

– Unterkolbenraum,

W

– Wärmetauscher,

X

– Stützelement der Drehelemente RH und RL,

Y

– Fixierelement,

Z

– Arbeitszylinder (weiter – Zylinder).

The following markings are indicated:

At

- intake valve,

Out

- exhaust valve,

B

- combustion chamber,

C

- bush (cylinder liner),

One

- automatic inlet valve,

G

- valve control disc,

H

- lifting disc,

i

- holder,

J

- return spring,

K

- Piston,

L

- return plate,

M

- heat exchange space,

P

Guiding the support element X,

RH

- rotary element for force application of lifting disc H,

RL

- rotary element for force application of flywheel L,

S

- automatic shut-off valve,

St

- pestle,

T

- piston rod,

TW

- drive shaft,

U

- sub-piston space,

W

- heat exchangers,

X

Supporting element of the rotary elements RH and RL,

Y

- fixing element,

Z

- Working cylinder (further - cylinder).

• – zwei feststehende Halter i mit den in tangentialer Richtung angeordneten Positionen, in denen je ein Paar gegenüberliegender Zylinder Z (mit einem Zylinderkopf ZK und einer Kolbeneinheit) festgestellt ist, wobei die Halter i symmetrisch relativ der Zentralebene der Konstruktion angeordnet sind,
• – eine in den Zentralbohrungen der Halter i sich drehende Triebwelle TW,
• – eine umlaufende Hubscheibe H, die auf der Triebwelle TW koaxial festgestellt ist,
• – wobei jede Kolbeneinheit ein an der Hubscheibe H abrollendes Drehelement RH (und ein Stützelement X, welches es umfasst) beinhaltet, und dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
• – der Motor zweite auf der Triebwelle TW festgestellte umlaufende Hubscheibe H beinhaltet, so dass beide Hubscheiben H symmetrisch relativ der Zentralebene der Konstruktion angeordnet sind,
• – auf einer der Stirnseiten jeder Hubscheibe H ein sinusförmiges Leitprofil gebildet ist, wobei die Leitprofile der Hubscheiben H zueinander spiegelartig angeordnet sind,
• – Komponenten der Kolbeneinheiten und des Gaswechselsystems der gegeneinander befindlichen Positionen spiegelartig relativ der Zentralebene der Konstruktion angeordnet sind, so dass in jedem Moment in den gegenüberbefindlichen Zylindern Z gleiche Arbeitsabläufe geschehen,
• – auf der Triebwelle TW zwei Rücklaufscheiben L spiegelartig relativ der Zentralebene der Konstruktion festgestellt sind, und auf einer der Stirnseiten jeder Rücklaufscheibe L ist je ein (sinusförmiges) Leitprofil zueinander spiegelartig gebildet, so dass Hub- H und Rücklaufscheibe L das Stützelement X durch ein Drehelement RH oder zwei Drehelemente RH + RL abwechselnd gegenseitig beaufschlagen.

The goal is achieved by having an opposed piston engine:

• Two fixed holders i with the positions arranged in the tangential direction, in each of which a pair of opposed cylinders Z (with a cylinder head ZK and a piston unit) are fixed, the holders i being arranged symmetrically relative to the central plane of the construction,
• A drive shaft TW rotating in the central bores of the holders i,
• A circumferential lifting disc H coaxial with the drive shaft TW,
• - Each piston unit includes a rolling on the lifting disc H rotating element RH (and a support member X, which includes), and characterized in that
• The motor comprises second rotating disc H fixed on the drive shaft TW, so that both eccentric discs H are arranged symmetrically relative to the central plane of the structure,
• A sinusoidal guide profile is formed on one of the front sides of each lifting disk H, the guide profiles of the lifting disks H being arranged mirror-symmetrically to one another,
• Components of the piston units and of the gas exchange system of the mutually opposite positions are arranged in a mirror-like manner relative to the central plane of the construction, so that in every moment in the opposing cylinders Z similar operations occur,
• - On the drive shaft TW two return discs L mirror-like relative to the central plane of the construction are found, and on one of the end faces of each return plate L is a (sinusoidal) guide each mirror-like, so that the stroke H and return plate L, the support member X by a rotary member RH or two rotary elements RH + RL alternately act on each other.

• – Aufwärtsgehen – dank der Hubscheibe H durch das Drehelement RH,
• – Abwärtsgehen – dank der Rücklaufscheibe L, wobei, da Hub- H und Rücklaufscheibe L unterschiedliche Drehrichtungen leisten, erfolgt Kontakt des Stützelements X mit der Rücklaufscheibe L durch das Drehelement RL (das auch mit dem Stützelement X umgefasst wird), obwohl für langsam laufenden Motoren kann das Abwärtsgehen durch Kontakt der Rücklaufscheibe L mit dem Drehelement RH erfolgen. Das abwechselnde Abrollen des Stützelements X mit der Hub- H und Rücklaufscheibe L wird erzielt: durch Verschiebung („Nachgehen”) der Rücklaufscheibe L relativ der Hubscheibe H für z. B. 1–2 Grade oder/und dank der Unsymmetrie sinusförmigen Profils (siehe Nockenwelleprofil nach DE 1960459A ) der Hub- H oder/und der Rücklaufscheibe L. Das Abwärtsgehen für die langsam laufenden Motoren kann durch eine Rückstellfeder J geleistet werden, die gegenüberliegenden Stirnseiten des Zylinders Z und des Stützelements X beaufschlagt.

Oscillating movement of the piston unit is achieved:

• - going upwards - thanks to the lifting disc H through the rotary element RH,
• - Downhill - thanks to the return pulley L, where, as lifting H and return pulley L perform different directions of rotation, contact of the support member X with the return pulley L by the rotary element RL (which is also encompassed with the support element X), although for slow-speed motors For example, the descent may be made by contact of the flywheel L with the rotary member RH. The alternating unwinding of the support element X with the lifting H and return pulley L is achieved by: by shifting ("follow") of the return plate L relative to the lifting plate H for z. B. 1-2 degrees or / and thanks to the asymmetry sinusoidal profile (see camshaft profile DE 1960459A ) of the lifting H and / or the flywheel L. The downward movement for the slow-running motors can be done by a return spring J, the opposite end faces of the cylinder Z and the support member X applied.

For the purpose of realizing the four-stroke method, a valve timing disc G between both holders i is detected above the pressure receiving areas of the shafts of intake and exhaust valves Off on the drive shaft TW; on the end faces of the gas exchange control disc G (the same, mirror-like relative to their central plane located) guide profiles are formed so that each guide profile desired lift curve corresponding valve corresponds; Contact of the valve stem with the guide profile is made by a ball.

Simplified embodiments of the present engine:

- General view of a four-valve engine,

Front view of a two-valve engine,

2D section of a two-valve engine during compression and ejection,

2D section of a two-valve engine during priming and working,

- lift H and return pulley L of a four-stroke,

On the valve control disc G of a four-valve engine,

This valve control disc G,

- overall view of a two-stroke,

- holder i,

- sucking,

- - the piston units.

Non-rotation of the piston unit and non-displacement of the rotary element RH, RL are realized thanks to the insertion of fixing elements (pin, ball) Y on contact surfaces of the rotary elements RH, RL, the support element X and the plunger St or thanks to the insertion of the guide (s) P ( - ).

Other versions of the piston unit (efficient solutions for them for the purpose of adoption) can be found in the patent funds under the documents titled "Radial piston pump", "radial piston machine" and "high pressure pump".

It is recommended to use the inlet valve (s) A as self-acting, although the use of the actuator for it / s is easily feasible for the purpose of its rearward opening by means of a rotated drive shaft (see WO 001999064734 ).

• – es ist ( und ) ein Stößel St zwischen Stützelement X und Führungsteil des Zylinders Z eingesetzt,
• – es ist/sind eine/einige Führung(en) im Stößel St ( ) oder am Zylinder Z ( und ) angebracht, so dass die Führung(en) P ans Stützelement X gleitet(n),
• – es wird ( ) das Vorverdichten des Frischgases benutzt, erstens dank dem Abwärtsgehen vom Kolben K im Unterkolbenraum U, zweitens dank der Erwärmung vorverdichteten Frischgases im Wärmetauschraum M – der ist Verbundraum zwischen Brenn B- und Unterkolbenraum U sowie zwischen Zylinder Z und seiner Buchse C; Einlassventile Ein befinden sich unter dem Kolben K; Ansaugventile An verbinden/absperren den Wärmetauschraum M mit/vom Brennraum B; Sperrventil S verbindet/absperrt den Wärmetauschraum M mit/vom Unterkolbenraum U; zwecks intensiven Wärmeaustausches im Wärmetauschraum M ist zellenartiger Wärmetauscher W in ihm untergebracht, in den Zellen deren vorverdichtetes Frischgas aus dem Unterkolbenraum U der Erwärmung und davon zusätzlicher Vorverdichtung ausgesetzt, dabei kühlt es Brennraumwände intensiv.

For the purpose of reduction of lateral force on the piston rod T three solutions have to be proposed:

• - it is ( and ) a plunger St between the support element X and guide part of the cylinder Z is inserted,
• There is / are one or more guides in the ram St ( ) or on the cylinder Z ( and ), so that the guide (s) P slides on the support element X (s),
• - it will ( ) the pre-compression of the fresh gas used, firstly thanks to the downward movement of the piston K in the sub-piston space U, secondly thanks to the heating of pre-compressed fresh gas in the heat exchange chamber M - is the space between the combustion B and sub-piston space U and between cylinder Z and its socket C; Intake valves One are located under the piston K; Intake valves connect / shut off the heat exchange chamber M to / from the combustion chamber B; Shut-off valve S connects / shuts off the heat exchange space M with / from the sub-piston space U; for the purpose of intensive heat exchange in the heat exchange chamber M cell-like heat exchanger W is housed in him, exposed in the cells whose precompressed fresh gas from the sub-piston space U of the heating and additional pre-compression, it cools the combustion chamber walls intensively.

• – das Frischgas wird in das geschlossene Volumen des Unterkolbenraums U bei jedem Aufwärtsgehen eingesaugt, dann dort bei jedem Abwärtsgehen komprimiert und danach in den Wärmetauschraum M durchgedrängt;
• – dort wird dieses vorverdichtete Gas der Erwärmung von den Brennraumwänden und von den Zellenwänden des Wärmetauschers W zusätzlich komprimiert,
• – bei jedem Abwärtsgehen des Kolbens K bekommt der Wärmetauschraum M eine Portion komprimierten Frischgases aus dem Unterkolbenraum U, d. h. doppelte Portion des in den Brennraum B vorverdichteten anzusaugenden Gases bei einem Viertakt-Arbeitsspiel,
• – somit ergibt sich wesentlich größere Aufladung im Vergleich mit Aufladungssystemen.

The important issue when using the proposed engine is very large filling. The expansion of warm air for the conventional engines means the reduction of the volume of fresh gas sucked in (this fact stopped the use of ceramic for the internal combustion engine with eliminated cooling system). For the proposed engine:

• - The fresh gas is sucked into the closed volume of the sub-piston space U at each upward movement, then compressed there at each downward movement and then forced into the heat exchange space M;
• There is additionally compressed this precompressed gas of heating from the combustion chamber walls and from the cell walls of the heat exchanger W,
• - With each downward movement of the piston K, the heat exchange space M gets a portion of compressed fresh gas from the sub-piston space U, ie double portion of the pre-compressed into the combustion chamber B to be sucked gas in a four-stroke cycle,
• - This results in much larger charge compared with charging systems.

The flow loss in the cells of the heat exchanger M (as well as in the cells of the catalyst carrier) leads to the dissipation of kinetic energy flowed through gas with the conversion into its heat energy, which does not go out to the outside, but enters the combustion chamber B - thus no loss of efficiency takes place.

By eliminating the loss of wall heat and its utilization, substantial increases in efficiency are also achieved. Thus, the heat to be dissipated from the working space, which is absorbed as unavoidable evil (due to which up to 33% of the energy supplied is lost), is fully utilized, eliminating the need for cooling and charging. For this reason, cooling system and charging system are eliminated from the engine concept.

Since same operations take place simultaneously in the opposite cylinders Z and the same mutually canceled piston forces take place, lifting discs H and drive shaft TW are relieved of damaging torques - only the piston forces forming the drive torque take place.

The working parts of the present engine are exposed to the smaller loads in comparison with those of the radial piston machines, z. B. radial piston pump from "Bosch" after DE 10 2004 01 324 with camshaft-roller-engine with diameter of the roller - 10 mm, diameter of the camshaft - 30 mm and 40 mm, min. Diameter of the piston rod - 6.1 mm works with pressure 2000 bar, ie dozens of times greater axial force or Hertzian pressure on the roller contour.

The lack of lateral forces of piston K allows for higher degree of compaction and better emissions thanks to less wear on the cylinder walls.

The lack of crankshaft, crank, connecting rod and power transmission mechanism between the drive shaft and valve train allows rapid starting capability of the vehicle.

Since the present engine is balanced, one can achieve greater rotational speed of its drive shaft - thus - greater performance.

The engine has a cylindrical shape, which is ideal for the vehicle.

The elimination of the cooling and charging system reduces structural complexity of the engine, significantly simplifies and reduces costs, increases its reliability and allows extensive maintenance freedom.

• – guter Kaltstart – dank erwähnter starker Vorverdichtung und der Erwärmung des anzusaugenden Gases;
• – keine Frostschäden und keine Schlagempfindlichkeit – wegen dem fehlenden Kühlsystem – das begünstigt den Einsatz des Motors für Betrieb bei Extrembedienungen.

It is to be achieved greatly reduced susceptibility:

• - good cold start - thanks to mentioned strong pre-compression and the heating of the gas to be sucked;
• - no frost damage and no impact sensitivity - because of the lack of cooling system - this favors the use of the motor for operation in extreme operations.

Claims (2)

Opposite piston engine includes - two fixed holder i with the arranged in the tangential direction positions, in each of which a pair of opposed cylinders Z are determined with a cylinder head ZK and a piston unit, wherein the holder i are arranged symmetrically relative to the central plane of the construction, - a circumferential Hub disc H, which is coaxially detected on the drive shaft TW, - each piston unit includes a rolling on the lifting disc H rotating element RH and its support member X, which includes it, and characterized in that - the motor includes second revolving lifting disc H, the coaxial the drive shaft TW is detected, so that both Hubscheiben H are arranged symmetrically relative to the central plane of the construction, - an identical sinusoidal guide profile is formed on one of the end faces of each Hubscheibe H, wherein the guide profiles of Hubscheiben H are arranged mirror-like, - components of Kolbeneinhe and the gas exchange system of the mutually opposite positions are arranged in a mirror-like manner relative to the central plane of the construction, so that in every moment in the opposing cylinders Z, the same work processes occur. Opposed piston engine according to claim 1, characterized in that a return spring J opposite end faces of the cylinder Z and the support member X is applied.

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