CN101113699A

CN101113699A - Hot air engine

Info

Publication number: CN101113699A
Application number: CNA2006100039810A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄元卓
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2006-01-25
Filing date: 2006-01-25
Publication date: 2008-01-30

Abstract

The invention relates to a stirling engine, comprising one to four groups of cylinders and corresponding pistons, crankshafts, heaters, heat regenerators and coolers and can be of gas distribution type or dual function type. The piston and the crankshaft in the cylinder are connected by a two-link rod and a fasten-release mechanism controlled by a cam. A thin gas layer is formed by supplying pressure gas to the side walls of the piston and the gaps between cylinders manage the piston to work under comparatively low temperature and pressure.

Description

A kind of heat engine

The present invention relates to a kind of heat engine, the heat engine that particularly a kind of its piston, bent axle are driven by two connecting rods, locking-releasing mechanism.

Background technique:

Traditional heat engine, mostly drive piston motion by two water chestnut mechanisms or crank mechanism and finish thermodynamic cycle (CN1217765A) by an inertia system, its shortcoming is the more inaccessibility theoretical circulation of real work circulation, need turn round under the condition of High Temperature High Pressure, this has brought the problem of sealing difficulty again.CN2315306Y discloses the scheme that a kind of elasticity switching mechanism drives the gas distribution piston motion, make the real work cycle ratio near theoretical circulation, but also exist actual cycle to be subjected to the influence of spring parameter, be difficult for adjusting, there is its lateral force to be difficult to balance again, when particularly piston is in the spring upturned position, can increases because of lateral force causes the friction of gas distribution piston and casing wall more greatly, influence the motion of piston, and can increase wearing and tearing because of friction.

Summary of the invention:

The objective of the invention is to drive bent axle, pistons work jointly with a kind of two connecting rods, locking-releasing mechanism, make cyclic process near theoretical circulation, add that working pressure gas reduces the friction between piston and casing wall, become the heat engine that under relatively lower temp and pressure, to work.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this: the same with traditional heat engine, heat engine is made up of one to four group of cylinder body and corresponding piston, bent axle, heater, regenerator, cooler, can be distributing type or double action, but be that locking-releasing mechanism with a kind of two connecting rods and a kind of combination connects between the piston in the cylinder body, the bent axle, specifically:

Hinged one two connecting rod in power piston lower end, be with hinge-coupled and can only be slightly larger than two connecting rods of 180 degree rotations (doubling-stretch) by two sections rod members, one side of its hinge deflection body of rod, the end face of two bars offset or the another side of hinged place on suitable barrier structure is arranged, the other end of two connecting rods links with the rod journal of bearing and bent axle, rod member long in two connecting rods can use the elastic bar with little extending amount, also connect one or two extension rods under the power piston, locking-releasing mechanism can be with its pinning or the motion that discharges control piston, the lock laying mechanism can be mechanical, magnetic force or electromagnetism, the lock laying mechanism of machinery can advance a brake silpper or leave fore shaft on the extension rod by cam and driven member thereof, also can lock and put by a linkage mechanism promotion brake silpper, its driving part such as cam, gear, eccentric wheel all should be by the main shaft driven rotary, the lock laying mechanism of magnetic force is that two parallel iron cores clip a permanent magnet and form an I-shaped open magnetic circuit, one side opening is relative with armature on the extension rod, opposite side is relative with a moving armature, promoting a driving lever by the follower lever of cam is adjacent to moving armature or separately can opens and closes magnetic circuit, realize the lock playing function, the lock laying mechanism of electromagnetism is exactly an electromagnet, follower lever by cam opens and closes its contact realization lock playing function, the lock laying mechanism braking of machinery is reliable but impact is bigger, the lock laying mechanism of magnetic force is steady but braking force is less, and the lock laying mechanism of electromagnetism lock is put precise control but power consumption, should select according to the power and the requirement of heat engine, powerful heat engine, if the space allows, should use simultaneously by three kinds of lock laying mechanisms.And for the very little heat engine of power can also extension rod as follower lever, the end is installed roller and is directly controlled by cam.If again according to piston stroke, with the distance of main shaft, rationally determine the length of each rod member and the shape of cam profile, or eccentric wheel, the size of connecting rod, brake silpper, just can make piston finish four processes of thermodynamic cycle during one week, thereby obtain comparatively desirable actual cycle in crankshaft rotating.Also, make piston be easier under relatively low temperature and pressure, work because the logical upward pressure gas in the gap between piston side wall and cylinder body forms skim gas.

For double action, four groups of cylinder bodies respectively need a power piston, the piston of four cylinders all uses above-mentioned same bent axle, two connecting rods, lock laying mechanism, but four sections bent axles are combined into a long bent axle, and each section is mutually along the circumferential direction successively at a distance of 90 degree, one end of bearing connects load such as generator, and the other end can be installed flywheel and actuating motor on demand.

Gas distribution piston for distributing type then links to each other with another rod journal of bent axle by two common connecting rods, and two rod journals are along circumferentially spending at a distance of about 90.

Working medium gas at an air-storage chamber that is arranged in the appropriate location, by tubule be symmetrically distributed on the cylinder circumference four (or greater than four even number) apertures and enter the position, stage casing in piston and cylinder body gap, in piston and cylinder body gap, form the pressure Working medium gas of thin layer, the low temperature area of cylinder (or additional compression pump) is connected to air-storage chamber by Non-return air valve and air pipe, gas can be compressed into air-storage chamber in each circulation when cylinder pressure is the highest.Said Non-return air valve is movable flap membrane type Non-return air valve or elastic membrane Non-return air valve or other Non-return air valves that is suitable for.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1, piston, two connecting rods, bent axle connect schematic representation.

Fig. 2, cam, mechanical interlocking-release laying mechanism, bent axle connect schematic representation.

Fig. 3, link lock laying mechanism connect schematic representation.

Fig. 4, double action heat engine schematic representation.

Fig. 5, distributing type heat engine schematic representation.

Fig. 6, Non-return air valve schematic representation

Embodiment:

Be described further below in conjunction with embodiment, Fig. 1 is piston, two connecting rods, bent axle connection schematic representation.The power piston of the piston of double action heat engine, distributing type heat engine all connects with this, the guide rod 2 of piston 1 links to each other with connecting rod 4 by hinge 3, the latter links with hinge 5 and connecting rod 6, connecting rod 6 is connected with the rod journal 8 of bent axle by bearing 7, crank 9 its length of bent axle are the turning radius of axle journal 8, each rod member length determines that principle is: piston be positioned at peak be axle journal 8 when being positioned at peak its axis place as 0 degree starting point, and, spend positions and two connecting rods piston should be at peak when stretching when axle journal 8 is positioned at 90 along the operation that turns clockwise; Piston should be in minimum point when axle journal 8 is positioned at 180 degree positions and two connecting rods and stretches; Piston should be in minimum point when axle journal 8 is positioned at 270 degree positions and two connecting rod doublings; And piston should be at peak when axle journal 8 is positioned at 360 degree positions and two connecting rod doublings, given piston stroke, with the distance of main shaft after can determine the length of connecting rod 4, connecting rod 6, crank 9 in view of the above.In order to improve the stability of bearing pressure stress when two connecting rods stretch, a side of the body of rod should be partial in the center of circle of hinge 5, the end face of two connecting rods offsets or there is the barrier structure of sufficient intensity the another side of hinged place, can be pin, bent angle, bag groove or other, make two connecting rods from stretching the rotations that to make 180 degree or be slightly larger than 180 degree to folding to.Also can make cross-over connection one spring between its end face magnetization or bar when needing, two connecting rods bending smoothly when making axle journal 8 through lower dead centres, a side (this example is the left side) of rod member direction of advance should be partial in the center of circle of hinge 5, the connection part of two rod members should have enough weight, should add counterweight in case of necessity, and by long rod member is crossed 270 degree positions, a permanent magnet is installed, help its bending with magnetic force.

Fig. 2 is cam, mechanical lock laying mechanism, bent axle connection schematic representation.Piston connects two extension rods 10 down, two fore shafts are respectively arranged above the extension rod, when piston at upper dead center, the brake silpper 11 with the mechanical lock laying mechanism is relative respectively during lower dead centre, a suitably breach of size is arranged on the slide block, slide block can be by the follower lever 13 of cam, driving lever 14 drives, when putting in fore shaft with stuck piston at upper dead center or lower dead centre, can allow piston normally move up and down after pulling out, in order to improve the movement speed of slide block, driving lever also can use the top spring to drive slide block, and use to roll and lean on slide block slot, cam 15 is affixed with the main shaft of bent axle, and rotate with bent axle, the profile of cam should satisfy the action request that the slide block lock is put, and promptly is rotated in 0 degree during 90 degree and be rotated in 180 degree during 270 degree when axle journal 8, should make slide block 11 slide into right fore shaft and seized piston, and during 90 degree are to 180 degree and 270 degree to 360 degree, should make slide block disengaging fore shaft, piston is unfettered.

Fig. 3 is a kind of lock laying mechanism of connecting rod, when the main shaft diameter hour, setting-up eccentricity wheel (cover ball bearing) 16 drives rocking bars 17 and slides fast 11 by connecting rod 18 promotion brakings and realizes locking playing function on the employing main shaft, and when the diameter of main shaft is big, should come transition (gear ratio is 2: 1 or 1: 1) by gear, gear shaft setting-up eccentricity wheel or connecting crank drive rocker arm connecting rod and promote sliding fast.The size of breach on the choose reasonable slide block, eccentric wheel (gear) be at the setting angle of main shaft circumference, satisfying the action request that the slide block lock is put,

Fig. 4 is a double action heat engine schematic representation, four pistons all use two above-mentioned connecting rods, cam lock laying mechanism to link to each other with bent axle, but the spindle combinations of four sections bent axles becomes a long bent axle, and each section is mutually along the circumferential direction at a distance of 90 degree, the rod journal that plays first piston when a left side among the figure is positioned at 360 when spending, and its excess-three rod journal should be followed successively by 270 degree, 180 degree, 90 are spent.One end connecting generator 20 of main shaft, the other end is installed flywheel 21 and actuating motor 22.Heater 23, regenerator 24, cooler (19) are with general heat engine, and heater should adopt the corresponding structure pattern according to different thermals source, is weight reduction, and piston can adopt the cup type of back-off, but middle vacant space seating part cooling tube.Complete machine adopts all-sealed structure.

Fig. 5 is a distributing type heat engine schematic representation.Pass the difficulty of processing that power piston brings in order to avoid the gas distribution piston extension rod, cylinder body is divided into ram and distribution cylinder and is staggeredly arranged, two cylinder axis are apart from the radius greater than cylinder, the power piston of ram uses two above-mentioned connecting rods, lock laying mechanism to connect with bent axle, the gas distribution piston of distribution cylinder 25 is hinged to two connecting rods 27 with a long extension rod 26 and connects with the rod journal of bent axle, two rod journals of bent axle are along the circumferential direction at a distance of 90 degree, the principle of determining rod member length is with above-mentioned, 27 on two connecting rods bear tensile stress, can use conventional structure.The lock laying mechanism is also as above-mentioned.The distributing type heat engine can be with one group of cylinder body, and also available two to four groups are made up, and flywheel all should have enough rotary inertias.Other are heat engine as heater regenerator cooler is same.Complete machine comprises that generator adopts the integral sealing structure.

The heat engine of above-mentioned two examples, in order to reduce the friction between piston and the casing wall, make and form the skim pressed gas between piston and the casing wall, the aperture 30 of air-storage chamber in cylinder body below 28 on thin copper pipe 29 and cylinder body enters gap 31, and the low temperature area of cylinder is connected into air-storage chamber by air pipe, Non-return air valve.Fig. 6 is the Non-return air valve schematic representation.Diaphragm 32 on the suction port interior edge face is connected with bearing by rotating shaft 33, and spring 34 provides restoring force, and when using elastic membrane, elastic membrane then directly is fixed on the bearing, can cancel rotating shaft 33 and spring 34.

Above-mentioned heat engine, its two bar linkage structure can not antikinesis, for preventing that generator from becoming the motor method of operation and counterrotating to damage heat engine because of the external circuit fault makes generator, bent axle should adopt anti-reverse the connection with generator, and concrete available end connects for the feather key sleeve of saw shape tooth.Actuating motor is a direct current generator, can adopt serial connection diode or other suitable control circuits to prevent counter-rotating.

Claims

1. heat engine, by one to four group of cylinder body and corresponding piston, bent axle, heater, regenerator, cooler is formed, it is characterized in that piston, bent axle is by two connecting rods, locking-releasing mechanism drive work, said two connecting rods are by two connecting rods of two sections rod members with hinge-coupled, one side of its hinge deflection body of rod, two rod end surface offset or there is suitable barrier structure a side of two bar hinged places, can only make 180 degree or be slightly larger than 180 rotations (doubling-stretch) of spending, one end and the piston lower end of two connecting rods are hinged, the other end and bent axle link, said locking-releasing mechanism is a kind of lock laying mechanism of combination, one of being connected with piston or two extension rods can be pinned or discharge, its driving part (cam or eccentric wheel, gear) affixed with the main shaft of bent axle, and rotate with main shaft.

2. heat engine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that locking-releasing mechanism is a kind of mechanical lock laying mechanism of cam, promote the fore shaft that a brake silpper entered or broke away from extension rod by cam and driven member thereof, the latter respectively when piston relative with brake silpper during at upper dead center, lower dead centre.

3. heat engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that locking-releasing mechanism is a kind of mechanical lock laying mechanism of connecting rod, and by the eccentric wheel on the main shaft, or gear and crank drive rocking bar and promote by connecting rod that braking is sliding to realize locking playing function soon,

4. the described heat engine of claim 1, it is characterized in that locking-releasing mechanism is a magnetic force lock laying mechanism, be that two parallel iron cores clip I-shaped open magnetic circuit of a permanent magnet composition, one side opening of magnetic circuit is relative with the armature on the extension rod, another routine opening is relative with a moving armature, and the follower lever of cam promotes a driving lever and moving armature and magnetic circuit opening can be adjacent to or separate.

5. heat engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that locking-releasing mechanism is an electromagnet, and the follower lever of cam can open and close its contact.

6. heat engine according to claim 1, the axis that it is characterized in that distribution cylinder, ram is apart from the radius greater than cylinder, gas distribution piston is with hinged common two connecting rods of long extension rod, and the rod journal with bent axle links again, and two rod journals on the bent axle are along the circumferential direction at a distance of 90 degree.

7. according to the described heat engine of claim 1, it is characterized in that power piston of every cylinder, the piston of four cylinders all uses two same connecting rods, lock laying mechanism to link to each other with bent axle, four sections bent axles are combined into a long bent axle, each section is mutually along the circumferential direction successively at a distance of 90 degree, one end of bearing connects load such as generator, and the other end can be installed flywheel and actuating motor on demand.

8. according to the described heat engine of claim 1, it is characterized in that a Working medium gas in the air-storage chamber, by tubule be symmetrically distributed on the cylinder circumference four (or greater than four even number) aperture enters the position, stage casing in piston and cylinder body gap, and the low temperature area of cylinder links to each other with air-storage chamber with air pipe by Non-return air valve.

9. heat engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that bent axle is that the feather key sleeve of sawing the shape tooth connects with generator with the end, and actuating motor is a direct current generator, adopts serial connection diode or other control circuits that is suitable for to prevent counter-rotating.

10. heat engine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that two connecting-rod heads wear be magnetic or two bars between cross-over connection one spring, wherein long one is the elastic bar with little extending amount.

11. heat engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that by the long rod member process position of lower dead centre of two connecting rods a permanent magnet being installed.