CN101392684B - Cylinder double-face cam axial piston type crankless internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Cylinder double-face cam axial piston type crankless internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN101392684B CN101392684B CN2008100463737A CN200810046373A CN101392684B CN 101392684 B CN101392684 B CN 101392684B CN 2008100463737 A CN2008100463737 A CN 2008100463737A CN 200810046373 A CN200810046373 A CN 200810046373A CN 101392684 B CN101392684 B CN 101392684B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cylindrical double-track cam axial piston type crankless internal combustion engine, which relates to the technical field of internal combustion engines and is a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine. The invention provides a novel internal combustion engine; when pistons drive rollers arranged on the bottoms of the pistons for reciprocating movement, the rollers push a double-track cam fixed on a main shaft to rotate, and the power is output from the double-track cam through the main shaft. Outlines of two end surfaces of the double-track cam are in the form that wave crests correspond to wave crests, wave troughs correspond to wave troughs, and the two end surfaces are circumferentially symmetrical. Two groups of cylinders are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the double-track cam, and axis lines of the cylinders have equal distance to an axis line of the main shaft and are parallelly, circularly and evenly distributed. The pistons which have the same axis line and are symmetrically arranged with the spacing of 180 DEG C have the same working state, which ensures that the axial and radial composite force of the double-track cam and the main shaft are zero. A sliding rod at the bottom of each piston slides in a guide groove, which ensures that the side pressure of the piston is zero. Intake and exhaust valves of all the cylinders are intensively controlled by two distributing cams. The internal combustion engine has the characteristics of simple and compact structure, small volume, small impact vibration, steady operation, high power, long service life and so on.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cylinder double-face cam axial piston type crankless internal combustion engine, belong to technical field of internal combustion engines.
Background technique
At present, mostly the reciprocating internal combustion engine that use the home and abroad is four-stroke crankshaft-link rod type internal-combustion engine, and it is rotation and the outputting power that moving back and forth of piston is changed into bent axle through connecting rod.The major defect of this internal-combustion engine is: volume is big; Piston has bigger side pressure to cylinder wall, and causes bigger mechanical wear thus, and internal-combustion engine life-span is shortened; Uneven centrifugal force on the bent axle is bigger; Impact greatly, vibration is big; Usually; The inlet and exhaust system of internal-combustion engine is except having intake valve, exhaust valve; Also comprise a long camshaft with its on a plurality of valve cams and driving mechanism (valve tappet, valve actuating push rod, timing gear etc.), make that the number of parts of crankshaft-link rod type internal-combustion engine is many, complex structure, processing, manufacturing, assembling etc. all compare difficult.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: for overcoming the above-mentioned shortcoming that the existing technology reciprocating internal combustion engine exists, the present invention provides a kind of simple and compact for structure, volume is little, impact shock is little, running is steady, power is big, the life-span is grown internal-combustion engine---cylinder double-face cam axial piston type crankless internal combustion engine.
The technological scheme that the present invention is taked for its technical problem of solution is: a kind of cylinder double-face cam axial piston type crankless internal combustion engine; Mainly include main shaft (23), double-track cam (13), roller (15), pivot pin (17), piston (7), piston return spring (20), cylinder (8), intake valve (5), exhaust valve (6), valve cam (2), left cylinder (9), right cylinder body (21), starting system, cooling system, oil-fired system, lubrication system etc.; It is characterized in that: left cylinder (9) and right cylinder body (21) are connected into an integral body with bolt (12); On main shaft (23), be fixed with a crest to crest, trough to trough, axially symmetry, the circumferential cylindrical shape double-track cam (13) of symmetry; Cam profile on each end face of double-track cam (13) all is made up of four identical projections of shape; The central angle that each projection is corresponding is 90 °; Two bearings (22) were bearing in left cylinder (9) and the right cylinder body (21) about main shaft (23) passed through, and on left cylinder (9) and right cylinder body (21), were provided with same number of even number cylinder (8), and the shaft axis of all cylinders (8) all is parallel to main shaft (23) axis; And with main shaft (23) axis equidistantly annular be uniformly distributed with; Cylinder (8) on left cylinder (9) and the right cylinder body (21) is about double-track cam (13) symmetry and coaxial inner conductor correspondingly, and the pistons (7) that two groups of numbers equate are put into the cylinder (8) of left cylinder (9) and right cylinder body (21) respectively, and in the two ends symmetric arrangement of double-track cam (13); The bottom of each piston (7) all is equipped with roller (15); Each roller (15) contacts with the contour surface (25,26) of double-track cam (13) under the effect of piston return spring (20) all the time, this connecting structure between roller (15) and the double-track cam, and making motion and transmission of power connecting relation between piston (7) and the double-track cam (13) is the rolling friction relation; Changed the hinge movement connecting relation between the connecting rod and bent axle in the existing reciprocating internal combustion engine; Thereby can improve power transfer efficiency greatly, the contour surface of double-track cam (13) (25,26) is a roller (15) when moving reciprocatingly, and roller (15) external cylindrical surface is at the envelope of a series of positions; Therefore; The shape of the profilogram (face) of double-track cam (13) depends on the movement locus at roller (15) center, can confirm through choosing appropriate piston (7) characteristics of motion, so that internal-combustion engine obtains best power character, Economy and exhaust index; Piston (7) is the bottom to be inserted in two the relative bar shaped guide grooves (11) that are arranged on the following cylinder body of cylinder (8) with slide bar (10) piston (7) axis normal; This connecting structure play the guiding role to the motion of piston (7), and makes guide groove (11) bear the side action power that double-track cam (13) is given piston (7), and making piston is zero to the side pressure of cylinder wall; Also can prevent the deflection of piston simultaneously, the opposed guide groove (11) that is arranged on the cylinder body all arranged below each cylinder (8).In internal-combustion engine of the present invention, cylinder head and cylinder block manufacture an integral body.When piston (7) drives the roller (15) when doing linear reciprocating motion be installed in its bottom; The profile inclined-plane (25,26) that roller (15) promotion is fixed on the double-track cam (13) on the main shaft (23) makes double-track cam (13) rotation, and the driving force of piston (7) is exported through main shaft (23) by double-track cam (13).The sense of rotation of double-track cam (13) and main shaft (23) is vertical with piston (7) vibration-direction.
In technique scheme, with key connecting a valve cam (2) is installed respectively at the two ends of main shaft (23), be respectively applied for control left cylinder (9) and go up all cylinders (8) and the upward keying of the inlet and exhaust valve (5,6) of all cylinders (8) of right cylinder body (21).The keying of cylinder (8) intake valve (5) is by the less cam control of diameter in the valve cam (2), and the keying of cylinder (8) exhaust valve (6) is by the bigger cam control of diameter in the valve cam (2).For the fretting wear between the actuating rod that reduces valve cam (2) and manipulating cylinder inlet and exhaust valve (5,6) keying, on the actuating rod that the manipulating cylinder inlet and exhaust valve opens and closes, contact an end that connects inlet and outlet door roller (3,4) is installed with valve cam (2).
In technique scheme; When internal-combustion engine has four cylinders; Each two cylinder (8) in the left and right sides cylinder body (9,21); Two cylinder pistons (7) of the every end of double-track cam (13), the 180 ° of symmetric arrangement of all being separated by, and working state is synchronous, and the shaft axis of two cylinder pistons (7) overlaps with the shaft axis of two cylinder pistons (7) in the right cylinder body (21) respectively in the left cylinder (9); And the working state of two cylinder pistons (7) of coaxial inner conductor is synchronous, so the working state of four cylinders (8) is all synchronous in this internal-combustion engine; When internal-combustion engine has eight cylinders; Each four cylinder (8) in the left and right sides cylinder body (9,21); Cylinder piston (7) working state of any two 180 ° of symmetric arrangement of being separated by of the same end of double-track cam (13) is synchronous; Two cylinder pistons (7) working state of the coaxial inner conductor at double-track cam (13) two ends is synchronous, and four cylinder pistons (7) that working state is synchronous are as one four cylinder group, and the piston of two four cylinder groups (7) stroke process is 90 ° corresponding to the phase difference of double-track cam (13) corner; When internal-combustion engine has 16 cylinders; Each eight cylinder (8) in the left and right sides cylinder body (9,21); Cylinder piston (7) working state of any two 180 ° of symmetric arrangement of being separated by of the same end of double-track cam (13) is synchronous; Two cylinder pistons (7) working state of the coaxial inner conductor at double-track cam (13) two ends is synchronous; Four cylinder pistons (7) that working state is synchronous are as one four cylinder group, and four four cylinder groups are carried out suction stroke, compression stroke, gaseous combustion expansion stroke and exhaust stroke successively, and the stroke of piston process of adjacent two four cylinder groups is 45 ° corresponding to the phase difference of double-track cam (13) corner.
The present invention has also taked some other technical measures.
Main inventive point of the present invention is: 1. cylindrical shape double-track cam and the axial piston driving mechanism with original creation replaced the connecting rod in the existing reciprocating internal combustion engine, thoroughly removed crankshaft-and-connecting-rod; 2. cylinder is divided into two groups and is arranged in the two ends of being fixed in the double-track cam on the main shaft respectively; Annular is uniformly distributed with in main-shaft axis ground to make the axis parallel of each cylinder; But not cylinder arranges along axis perpendicular to axis ground, can make the compact structure of internal-combustion engine, radial dimension is little, volume is little, in light weight; 3. two groups of cylinder pistons are arranged symmetrically in the two ends of double-track cam; The shaft axis of each cylinder piston parallel with main-shaft axis and equidistantly annular be uniformly distributed with; Pistons work state coaxial line, that be separated by 180 ° of symmetric arrangement is all identical; Make double-track cam and main shaft only receive the effect of pure couple, and be zero axially making a concerted effort on it, resultant radial force also is zero, thereby internal combustion engine very steadily, impact little, vibration is little; 4. suitably arrange the job order of each cylinder; With the intake valve of all cylinders of two double-linked cam controlling combustion engines and the keying of exhaust valve; Fully phase out numerous component such as distribution cam axle in the crankshaft-link rod type internal-combustion engine, valve tappet, timing gear, simplified distribution device greatly; 5. in piston base slide bar is set; In the cylinder body inboard guide groove is set; The slide bar of piston base inserts in the opposed guide groove, and this connecting structure play the guiding role to the motion of piston, simultaneously; Can prevent the deflection of piston and make guide groove bear the side action power that double-track cam imposes on piston that making the side pressure between piston and cylinder wall is zero; 6. the both ends of the surface of double-track cam are cam profile; The shape of its profilogram depends on the characteristics of motion of piston; Therefore can choose the profilogram that appropriate piston motion rule is confirmed double-track cam as required, so that internal-combustion engine has good power character, Economy and exhaust index; 7. in internal-combustion engine of the present invention, cylinder head and cylinder block manufacture integral body, have solved the sealing problem of cylinder head, make the structure of internal-combustion engine further obtain simplifying.
The present invention compares with existing reciprocating four-stroke crankshaft-link rod type internal-combustion engine, has following beneficial technical effects:
1, impact is little, vibration is little, noise is little, running is steady: because the present invention adopts cylinder double-track cam axial-piston driving mechanism to replace the connecting rod in the existing reciprocating internal combustion engine; Completely abolished crankshaft-and-connecting-rod; Double-track cam is symmetry, circumferentially symmetrical axially; Thereby there is not uneven centrifugal force; Eliminated because of bent axle mass eccentricity, connecting rod do inertial force and tilting moment and consequent impact shock and noise that plane motion causes, eliminated the connecting rod beat and caused piston to bounce vibration and noise that cylinder wall causes.Owing to two cylinder piston working staties of the 180 ° of symmetric arrangement of being separated by at the same end of double-track cam are identical; The working state of two cylinder pistons on the coaxial inner conductor of double-track cam two ends is also identical; Piston reciprocal inertia force, the whole balances of gaseous-pressure; Thereby double-track cam and main shaft only receive pure force couple role, suffered resultant radial force to be zero, axially also be zero with withing joint efforts, so the internal-combustion engine impact shock is little, noise is little, it is very steady to turn round.The present invention adopts the inlet and exhaust valve of a pair of all cylinders of double-linked cam control, has removed numerous component such as distribution cam axle and valve timing gear mechanism, and the kinematic chain of distribution device is shortened greatly, has reduced the vibration and the noise of internal-combustion engine.
2, fretting wear is little, oil consumption is low, efficient is high, the life-span is long: this be because: 1. the driving force of piston is directly passed to double-track cam through roller and main shaft is exported.Piston connects with rolling friction between the double-track cam, and transmission efficiency is high, has cancelled the big connecting rod of resistance loss; 2. the connecting relation of piston base slide bar and opposed guide groove; Make double-track cam bear for the side pressure of piston by guide groove; Side pressure between piston and cylinder wall is zero; Eliminated in the existing crankshaft-link rod type internal-combustion engine, periodic alternation side pressure and the cylinder wall that causes of side pressure, the fretting wear and the friction power loss of piston (ring) have thus prolonged service life of a machine between piston and the cylinder wall; 3. double-track cam and main shaft axially to make a concerted effort be zero, resultant radial force is zero, and the friction power loss of the bearing of supporting spindle is reduced; 4. component such as distribution cam axle, valve timing gear mechanism have been cancelled; Shortened the kinematic chain of distribution device; Kinematic pair and moving parts have been reduced; Thereby reduced energy consumption, and be that rolling friction contacts between the actuating rod that opens and closes of valve cam and manipulating cylinder inlet and exhaust valve, so fretting wear is little, transmission efficiency is high.
3, have good and economic, power character and exhaust index: because the characteristics of motion of piston depends on the contour surface (curve) of double-track cam fully; So can design the double-track cam profile through choosing appropriate piston motion rule; And appropriate piston motion rule should make abundant, perfect, the fuel thermal energy utilization ratio height of gaseous combustion in the cylinder; Therefore, internal-combustion engine has good power character, Economy and exhaust index, can reach effect in energy saving and environmental protection.
4, compact structure, volume is little, weight/power ratio is light, radial dimension is little: owing to cancelled the bent axle of bulky complex; Make each cylinder be parallel to main-shaft axis at the double-track cam two ends; And with the main-shaft axis for the symmetrical line annular is uniformly distributed with, thereby the compact structure of internal-combustion engine, radial dimension is little, volume is little, weight/power ratio is light.On the other hand, only just can control the inlet and exhaust valve of four, eight or 16 cylinders, save numerous component such as distribution cam axle, valve timing gear mechanism with two double-linked cams simple in structure, so that the volume and weight of machine all reduce greatly.
5, solved the sealing problem of cylinder head: because cylinder head and cylinder block are manufactured integral body, thereby solved the sealing problem of cylinder head.
6, few, simple in structure, the good manufacturability of component, cost of production are low: the present invention has completely abolished bent axle, the connecting rod of complex structure, manufacturing difficulty; Cancelled numerous component such as distribution cam axle, valve timing gear mechanism, Structure of Internal-Combustion Engine is simplified greatly.The component number that internal-combustion engine of the present invention not only comprises is few; And main shaft wherein be d-axis, double-track cam be axial and circumferential all cylindric two-sided external cam, the valve cam of symmetry be the plate-like external cam, parts such as cylinder body also be cylindrical component, these designs of part are simple, be easy to process; In addition; Double-track cam itself also can replace flywheel, thereby removes flywheel mechanism, so gas engine part number of the present invention is few, simple in structure, good manufacturability, cost of production are low.
7, output power is big: in internal-combustion engine of the present invention, main shaft whenever circles, each cylinder piston acting twice, and the main shaft of existing reciprocating four-stroke crankshaft-link rod type internal-combustion engine changes two all pistons and just does work once.It is thus clear that the output power of internal-combustion engine of the present invention is four times of crankshaft-link rod type internal-combustion engine in theory.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is described further.But what particularly point out is; Embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the described form of following embodiment; The those skilled in the art is under the situation of not paying creative work; Also can design other embodiment at an easy rate, therefore should the embodiment of embodiment given below be interpreted as protection scope of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is limited in given embodiment.
Fig. 1 be cylinder double-face cam axial piston type crankless internal combustion engine partly cut open structural representation;
Fig. 2 is a piston roller part assembly relation schematic front view;
Fig. 3 is the left view of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the 3 D stereo schematic representation of cylinder double-track cam;
Fig. 5 is its A-A sectional view when internal-combustion engine shown in Figure 1 has four cylinders;
Fig. 6 is expansion schematic representation and the position view of four rollers of the external peripheral surface of cylinder double-track cam;
Fig. 7 be valve cam partly cut open structural representation;
Fig. 8 is B-B sectional view and the port timing schematic diagram of Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 is the 3 D stereo schematic representation of valve cam;
Figure 10 is its A-A sectional view when internal-combustion engine shown in Figure 1 has eight cylinders;
Figure 11 is expansion schematic representation and the position view of eight rollers of the external peripheral surface of cylinder double-track cam;
Figure 12 is its A-A sectional view when internal-combustion engine shown in Figure 1 has 16 cylinders;
Figure 13 is expansion schematic representation and the position view of 16 rollers of the external peripheral surface of cylinder double-track cam.
Above-mentioned respectively attach sign that picture in picture knows label to as if: 1 belt pulley; 2 valve cams; 3 intake valve rollers; 4 exhaust valve rollers; 5 intake valves; 6 exhaust valves; 7 pistons; 8 cylinders; 9 left cylinders; 10 slide bars; 11 guide grooves; 12 bolts; 13 double-track cams; 14 long sleeves; 15 rollers; 16 roller abutment sleeves; 17 pivot pins; 18 guide rods; 19 circlips; 20 piston return springs; 21 right cylinder bodies; 22 bearings; 23 main shafts; 24 flywheels; 29 water-cooling channels.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: the cylinder double-face cam axial piston type crankless internal combustion engine with four cylinders
Referring to accompanying drawing 1～Fig. 9: in the cylinder double-face cam axial piston type crankless internal combustion engine of Fig. 1～shown in Figure 6 with four cylinders; Left cylinder (9) and right cylinder body (21) are connected into an integral body with bolt (12); Pass a main shaft (23) in this whole symmetry center; Main shaft (23) by about two bearings (22) be bearing in respectively in left cylinder (9) and the right cylinder body (21); Double-track cam (13) is fixedly connected through key and main shaft (23), in left cylinder (9) and right cylinder body (21), two cylinders (8) is set respectively, the shaft axis of four cylinders (8) all with the axis parallel of main shaft (23); Two cylinders (8) on each cylinder body are the circumferencial direction at the center 180 ° of symmetric arrangement of being separated by at the axis with main shaft (23); Cylinder (8) on left cylinder (9) and the right cylinder body (21) is about double-track cam (13) symmetry and coaxial inner conductor correspondingly, and four pistons (7) are divided into two groups, and one group of piston is put into each cylinder of left cylinder (9) respectively; Another group piston is put into each cylinder of right cylinder body (21) respectively, and two groups of cylinder pistons are in the two ends symmetric arrangement of double-track cam (13).Roller (15) is equipped with through pivot pin (17) in piston (7) bottom, and piston (7) contacts with the contour surface (25,26) of double-track cam (13) through roller (15), and roller (15) can serve as with bearing, or with the bearing transformation of the way, or customization.For guaranteeing that roller (15) contacts with the working curved surface (25,26) of double-track cam (13) all the time; In cylinder (8) bottom piston return spring (20) is installed; And be provided with guide rod (18) for piston return spring (20), guide rod (18) passes the through hole that is arranged on the slide bar (10), for the play that prevents pivot pin (17) is equipped with circlip (19); For preventing the play of roller (15), roller abutment sleeve (16) is installed.Piston (7) is the bottom to be inserted in two the relative guide grooves (11) that are arranged on the following cylinder body of cylinder (8) with slide bar (10) piston (7) axis normal; This two opposed guide groove (11) axially is provided with along piston (7); This connecting structure of slide bar (10) and guide groove (11) play the guiding role to the motion of piston (7); Make guide groove (11) bear the side pressure that double-track cam (13) is given piston (7) simultaneously, making the side pressure between piston (7) and cylinder wall is zero, and can prevent the deflection of piston (7); Eliminated the swing of piston in the crankshaft-link rod type internal-combustion engine, this connecting structure has reduced the wearing and tearing of cylinder widely.The slide bar (10) of piston (7) bottom can and piston (7) manufacture an integral body, be fixed to piston (7) bottom after also can making separately.All axially be provided with opposed guide groove (11) on the cylinder body below each cylinder (8) along piston (7).
Referring to accompanying drawing 4 and Fig. 6: double-track cam (13) is the tube-shaped column body; Its each end face is an end cam; The contour surface of each end cam (25,26) all by four about double-track cam (13) shaft axis symmetry, size and all identical projection of shape form; At circumferencial direction, the central angle that each projection is corresponding is 90 °, is mutually 90 ° of angles between per two adjacent projections; This contour surface be in the shaft axis of roller (15) axle section at double-track cam (13) with double-track cam (13) when shaft axis is vertical; Double-track cam (13) is with main shaft (23) rotation, and in the reciprocating process of roller (15), roller (15) external cylindrical surface belongs to the envelope of a series of positions.The shape of this profilogram (face) depends on the track of roller (15) central motion; Thereby this profilogram (face) can choose different piston (7) characteristics of motion as required and confirm, as choose sinusoidal motion rule, simple harmonic motion, etc. quicken uniform retarded motion rule etc.Present embodiment is that the sinusoidal characteristics of motion is confirmed double-track cam (13) contour surface (25,26) by piston (7) displacement.The cam profile (25,26) at double-track cam (13) two ends is identical, double-track cam (13) at its axial crest to crest, trough to trough, axially symmetry, circumferentially symmetry.At the same end of double-track cam (13), roller (15) residing from double-track cam (13) trough farthest and the distance between the nearest two positions promptly be the stroke of piston (7).
Referring to accompanying drawing 1, Fig. 4～Fig. 6: the working principle of internal-combustion engine according to the invention is: when internal combustion engine; Main shaft (23) and double-track cam (13) rotate; Piston (7) moves reciprocatingly in the direction that is parallel to main shaft (23) axis; If piston (7) then is air-breathing or work by combustion near the trough of the profilogram (curved surface) (25,26) of double-track cam (13); If piston (7) away from the trough of the profilogram (curved surface) of double-track cam (13), then is compression or exhaust.When the gaseous combustion in the cylinder (8) was done work, piston (7) through the left side curved surface of roller (15) compressing double-track cam (13) profile, made the rotation of double-track cam (13) and main shaft (23) and output movement and power under the promotion of combustion gas.When all cylinders did not all have work by combustion, because the rotary inertia of rotary part and flywheel (24) rotates double-track cam (13) and main shaft (23) continuously, piston (7) and roller (15) were gone up continuous to-and-fro motion at the contour surface (25,26) of double-track cam (13).In Fig. 6, so roller (15) all is in the crest of double-track cam (13) profile (25,26), correspondingly, all pistons (7) all are in top dead center position; When these rollers (15) all were in the trough of double-track cam (13) profile (25,26), then all pistons (7) all were in bottom dead center position.If the working state of four cylinder pistons (7) is synchronous; 180 ° of symmetric arrangement and working state is identical, roller I ' and roller II ' also are separated by 180 ° of symmetric arrangement and working state is identical then because roller I and the piston of roller II are separated by; So in plane perpendicular to main shaft (23) axis; All pistons (7) to the comprehensive function effect of double-track cam (13) are: have only the effect of couple, making a concerted effort is zero, and promptly the resultant radial force that receives of double-track cam (13) is zero.Again because the working state of the cylinder piston (7) of any two coaxial lines in double-track cam (13) two ends is synchronous, so the axial force that double-track cam (13) receives is also cancelled out each other fully.So the impact shock of this internal-combustion engine is little, noise is little, and running steadily.
Can know by accompanying drawing 1, Fig. 4～Fig. 6, Fig. 9 analysis; Double-track cam (13) revolution is crossed 180 °; That each cylinder is all just in time accomplished is air-breathing, compression, work by combustion and work cycle of exhaust; And the be separated by stroke process of two cylinders of 180 ° of symmetric arrangement of the same end of double-track cam (13) is all identical at any time, and is like the while exhaust, simultaneously air-breathing; So can have two intake valves (5) that two cams that are mutually the projection (28) of 180 ° of angles are controlled double-track cam (13) two cylinders of same end (8) with one, have two exhaust valves (6) that two cams that are mutually the projection (27) of 180 ° of angles are controlled these two cylinders (8) with one in addition.In order to make the designs simplification of internal-combustion engine, these two cams are made a double-linked cam, and be the duplex end cam of plate-like, be called valve cam (2), its structural representation such as Fig. 7～shown in Figure 9.In Fig. 7～Fig. 9; The less end cam of external diameter is used to control the keying of the intake valve (5) of two cylinders (8); The end cam that external diameter is bigger is used to control the keying of the exhaust valve (6) of two cylinders (8); The phase difference of the adjacent projection of two cam profiles (27,28) is 45 °, and the corresponding central angle of each projection of two cam profiles all is 45 ° theoretically, but in fact in order to make exhaust clean; Air inlet is abundant, makes the corresponding central angle of projection of exhauxt valve opens should be 45 ° on the cam profile and adds an exhaust advance angle β
1With an exhaust lag angle β
2, make the corresponding central angle of projection of IO Intake Valve Opens should be 45 ° on the cam profile and add an intake advance angle α
1With an intake lag angle α
2At the two ends of main shaft (23) valve cam (2) is arranged respectively, the structure shape of these two valve cams is identical, is respectively applied for the keying of the inlet and exhaust valve (5,6) of cylinder (8) in control left cylinder (9), the right cylinder body (21).Because double-track cam (13) revolution is crossed 180 °; Each cylinder is just in time accomplished a work cycle; 180 ° of symmetric arrangement and two projections opening intake valve (5) on the valve cam (2) or open exhaust valve (6) also just in time are separated by; So two valve cams (2) all should have identical rotating speed and turn to double-track cam (13), so two valve cams (2) are fixed on the main shaft (23), they and main shaft (23) are together rotated; Thereby saved distribution cam axle in the existing crankshaft-link rod type internal-combustion engine inlet and exhaust system, distribution driving mechanism (valve tappet, valve actuating push rod, timing gear) etc., Structure of Internal-Combustion Engine is simplified greatly.For the friction between the actuating rod that reduces valve cam (2) and manipulating cylinder inlet and exhaust valve (5,6) keying, on the actuating rod that the manipulating cylinder inlet and exhaust valve opens and closes, intake valve roller (3) and exhaust valve roller (4) have been installed respectively.
Because valve cam (2), double-track cam (13) have bigger rotary inertia, and they are fixed together with main shaft (23), so can have the flywheel in the crankshaft-link rod type internal-combustion engine now with their replacements, the structure of internal-combustion engine are further simplified.
Be provided with water-cooling channel (29) between two adjacent cylinders, cooling system can be used the belt pulley (1) on the main shaft (23) to drive pump and work.In addition, the internal-combustion engine of present embodiment also is provided with starting system, lubrication system, oil-fired system etc.
Embodiment 2: the cylinder double-face cam axial piston type crankless internal combustion engine with eight cylinders
Referring to accompanying drawing 1～Fig. 4; Fig. 7～Figure 11: in Fig. 1～Fig. 4, Figure 10 and the cylinder double-face cam axial piston type crankless internal combustion engine with eight cylinders shown in Figure 11; Left cylinder (9) and right cylinder body (21) are connected into an integral body with bolt (12); Pass a main shaft (23) in this whole symmetry center; Main shaft (23) by about two bearings (22) be bearing in respectively in left cylinder (9) and the right cylinder body (21), double-track cam (13) is fixedly connected through key and main shaft (23), on left cylinder (9) and the right cylinder body (21) four cylinders (8) is arranged respectively; The shaft axis of eight cylinders (8) all is parallel to the axis of main shaft (23) and evenly arranges with the axis of main shaft (23) is equidistantly annular; In the plane perpendicular to main shaft (23) axis, central angle corresponding between the axle center of adjacent two cylinders is 90 °, and the cylinder on cylinder on the left cylinder (9) and the right cylinder body (21) is about double-track cam (13) symmetry and coaxial inner conductor correspondingly; The opposed guide groove (11) that supplies slide bar (10) to slide all is set respectively on the cylinder body below eight cylinders (8); Eight pistons (7) are divided into two groups, and one group of piston is put into each cylinder of left cylinder (9) respectively, and another group piston is put into each cylinder of right cylinder body (21) respectively; Two groups of cylinder pistons are about double-track cam (13) symmetric arrangement, and shape, structure and annexation of each component (comprising double-track cam etc.) and working principle be similar with internal-combustion engine described in the embodiment 1 all.In Figure 11, all rollers (15) all is in the crest of double-track cam (13), and correspondingly, all pistons (7) all are in top dead center position; When roller (15) all was in the trough of double-track cam (13), then all pistons (7) all were in bottom dead center position.If cylinder piston (7) working state of any two 180 ° of symmetric arrangement of being separated by of the same end of double-track cam (13) is synchronous; Two cylinder pistons (7) working state of the coaxial inner conductor at double-track cam (13) two ends is synchronous; The working state of four cylinder pistons of promptly establishing roller I, III, I ' and III ' correspondence is synchronous; The working state of four cylinder pistons of roller II, IV, II ' and IV ' correspondence is synchronous; And set when four cylinder pistons of roller I, III, I ' and III ' correspondence have just taken fire expansion stroke, four cylinder pistons of roller II, IV, II ' and IV ' correspondence have just begun suction stroke, and four cylinder pistons that working state is synchronous are as one four cylinder group; So the stroke of piston process of two four cylinder groups is 90 ° corresponding to the phase difference of double-track cam (13) corner.Because the pistons work state synchronized of any two 180 ° of symmetric arrangement of being separated by; So in plane perpendicular to main shaft (23) axis; All pistons (7) to the comprehensive function effect of double-track cam (13) are: have only the effect of couple, making a concerted effort is zero, and promptly the resultant radial force that receives of double-track cam (13) is zero; Because the working state of the cylinder piston (7) of any two coaxial inner conductors in double-track cam (13) two ends is synchronous, so the axial force that double-track cam (13) receives is also cancelled out each other fully, so the impact shock of this internal-combustion engine is little, it is very steady to turn round again.
Can know by accompanying drawing 1, Fig. 4 and Figure 10～Figure 11 analysis; Double-track cam (13) revolution is crossed 180 °; That each cylinder is all just in time accomplished is air-breathing, compression, work by combustion and work cycle of exhaust; And the be separated by stroke process of two cylinders of 180 ° of symmetric arrangement of the same end of double-track cam (13) is all identical at any time, as simultaneously air-breathing, and exhaust simultaneously; On the other hand; The angle that two four cylinder groups belong between the plane separately is 90 °; And cylinder combustion begins and air-breathing beginning between, the phase difference of corresponding double-track cam (13) corner also just in time is 90 °, thus available one with embodiment 1 in the on all four cam of valve cam as the valve cam (2) of this internal-combustion engine; Eight air-distributing valves in order to control double-track cam (13) four cylinders of same end (8); The structural representation of this valve cam (2) is also like Fig. 7～shown in Figure 9, and in Fig. 7～Fig. 9, the less end cam of external diameter is used to control the keying of four intake valves (5) of four cylinders (8); The end cam that external diameter is bigger is used to control the keying of four exhaust valves (6) of four cylinders (8), and the phase difference of the adjacent projection of two cam profiles (27,28) is 45 °.At main shaft (23) two ends a size and all identical valve cam of shape (2) are arranged respectively, be respectively applied for the keying of the inlet and exhaust valve (5,6) of cylinder in control left cylinder (9), the right cylinder body (21).Because double-track cam (13) revolution is crossed 180 °; Each cylinder is just in time accomplished a work cycle; 180 ° of symmetric arrangement and two projections opening intake valve (5) on the valve cam (2) or open exhaust valve (6) also just in time are separated by; So two valve cams (2) all should have identical turning to and rotating speed with double-track cam (13); So two valve cams (2) are fixed on the main shaft (23), thereby distribution cam axle in the existing crankshaft-link rod type internal-combustion engine, distribution driving mechanism (valve tappet, valve actuating push rod, timing gear) etc. have been saved.Equally, on the actuating rod that manipulating cylinder inlet and exhaust valve (5,6) opens and closes, inlet and exhaust valve roller (3,4) is housed respectively.Because having than large rotating inertia and with main shaft (23), valve cam (2), double-track cam (13) be fixedly connected, so the flywheel in the existing crankshaft-link rod type internal-combustion engine of available their replacements.
Be provided with water-cooling channel (29) between two adjacent cylinders, cooling system can be used the belt pulley (1) on the main shaft (23) to drive pump and work.In addition, the internal-combustion engine of present embodiment also is provided with starting system, lubrication system, oil-fired system etc.
Embodiment 3: the cylinder double-face cam axial piston type crankless internal combustion engine with 16 cylinders
Referring to accompanying drawing 1～Fig. 4, Fig. 7～Fig. 9, Figure 12 and Figure 13: in Fig. 1～Fig. 4, Figure 12 and the cylinder double-face cam axial piston type crankless internal combustion engine with 16 cylinders shown in Figure 13; Left cylinder (9) and right cylinder body (21) are connected into an integral body with bolt (12); Pass a main shaft (23) in this whole symmetry center; Main shaft (23) by about two bearings (22) be bearing in respectively in left cylinder (9) and the right cylinder body (21); Double-track cam (13) is fixedly connected through key and main shaft (23), on left cylinder (9) and the right cylinder body (21) eight cylinders (8) is arranged respectively, and the shaft axis of 16 cylinders (8) all is parallel to main shaft (23) axis; And with main shaft (23) axis equidistantly annular be uniformly distributed with; In the plane perpendicular to main shaft (23) axis, central angle corresponding between the axle center of adjacent two cylinders is 45 °, and the cylinder on cylinder on the left cylinder (9) and the right cylinder body (21) is about double-track cam (13) symmetry; And coaxial inner conductor correspondingly; All be provided with the opposed guide groove (11) that supplies slide bar (10) to slide on the cylinder body below 16 cylinders (8) respectively, 16 pistons (7) are divided into two groups, put into each cylinder (8) of left cylinder (9) and right cylinder body (21) respectively; Two groups of cylinder pistons (7) are about double-track cam (13) symmetric arrangement, and shape, structure and annexation of each component (comprising double-track cam etc.) and working principle be similar with internal-combustion engine described in the embodiment 1 all.In Figure 13, roller I, III, V, VII, I ', III ', V ', VII ' are in the crest of double-track cam (13), so the piston of these rollers (15) is in top dead center position; Roller II, IV, VI, VIII, II ', IV ', VI ' and VIII ' are in the trough of double-track cam (13), so the piston of these rollers (15) is in bottom dead center position.If the cylinder piston working state of any two 180 ° of symmetric arrangement of being separated by of the same end of double-track cam (13) is synchronous; Two cylinder piston working staties of the coaxial inner conductor at double-track cam (13) two ends are synchronous; Four cylinder pistons that working state is synchronous are as one four cylinder group, and then this internal-combustion engine has four four cylinder groups.When the piston of setting roller III, VII, III ', the corresponding four cylinder groups of VII ' is in the initial position of suction stroke; The piston of roller IV, VIII, IV ', the corresponding four cylinder groups of VIII ' is in the initial position of compression stroke; The piston of roller V, I, V ', the corresponding four cylinder groups of I ' is in the initial position of gaseous combustion expansion stroke; The piston of roller VI, II, VI ', the corresponding four cylinder groups of II ' is in the initial position of exhaust stroke; The stroke of piston process of adjacent two four cylinder groups is 45 ° corresponding to the phase difference of double-track cam (13) corner, then turns over after 45 ° the acting that takes fire again of the cylinder of roller IV, VIII, IV ', the corresponding four cylinder groups of VIII ' when double-track cam; Double-track cam turns over after 45 ° again; The acting that takes fire again of the cylinder of roller III, VII, III ', the corresponding four cylinder groups of VII ' then is the cylinder combustion acting of roller II, VI, II ', the corresponding four cylinder groups of VI ' after this four cylinders group cylinder combustion acting is accomplished, and takes turns to the cylinder combustion acting of roller V, I, V ', the corresponding four cylinder groups of I ' afterwards again; Circulation so again and again makes main shaft (23) outputting power reposefully continuously.Because the pistons work state synchronized of any two 180 ° of symmetric arrangement of being separated by; So in plane perpendicular to main shaft (23) axis; All pistons (7) to the comprehensive function effect of double-track cam (13) are: have only the effect of couple, making a concerted effort is zero, and promptly the radial force that receives of double-track cam (13) is zero; Again because the working state of the cylinder piston (7) of any two coaxial inner conductors in double-track cam (13) two ends is synchronous, so the axial force that double-track cam (13) receives is also cancelled out each other fully,, vibrate for a short time so the impact of this internal-combustion engine is little, it is steady to turn round.
Can know by accompanying drawing 1, Fig. 4 and Figure 12～Figure 13 analysis; Double-track cam (13) revolution is crossed 180 °; That each cylinder is just in time accomplished is air-breathing, compression, work by combustion and work cycle of exhaust; And the be separated by stroke process of two cylinders of 180 ° of symmetric arrangement of the same end of double-track cam (13) is all identical at any time, as simultaneously air-breathing, and exhaust simultaneously; On the other hand; The angle that adjacent two four cylinder groups belong between the plane separately is 45 °; And double-track cam (13) revolution is crossed 45 ° and is just in time made piston (7) accomplish a stroke; Thereby available one with embodiment 1 in the on all four cam of valve cam as the valve cam (2) of this internal-combustion engine, in order to 16 air-distributing valves of control double-track cam (13) eight cylinders of same end (8), the structural representation of this valve cam is still like Fig. 7～shown in Figure 9; In Fig. 7～Fig. 9; The less end cam of external diameter is used to control eight intake valves (5) of eight cylinders (8), and the end cam that external diameter is bigger is used to control eight exhaust valves (6) of eight cylinders (8), and the phase difference of the adjacent projection of both ends of the surface cam profile (27,28) is 45 °.At main shaft (23) two ends a shape and all identical valve cam of size (2) are arranged respectively, respectively in order to control the inlet and exhaust valve (5,6) of cylinder (8) in left cylinder (9), the right cylinder body (21).Obviously; Turn to and the rotating speed of this two valve cam (2) all should be identical with main shaft (23); So this two valve cam (2) is fixed on the main shaft (23); Thereby removed component such as distribution cam axle in the existing crankshaft-link rod type internal-combustion engine, valve timing gear mechanism, also can save flywheel, so the structure of internal-combustion engine has obtained simplifying greatly.Equally, on the actuating rod that manipulating cylinder inlet and exhaust valve (5,6) opens and closes, intake valve roller (3) and exhaust valve roller (4) are housed respectively.
The internal-combustion engine of present embodiment, because number of cylinders is many, part stress such as single cylinder and piston are little, so can adopt miniature bore cylinder, help the miniaturization of internal-combustion engine.
Be provided with water-cooling channel (29) between two adjacent cylinders, cooling system can be used the belt pulley (1) on the main shaft (23) to drive pump and work.In addition, the internal-combustion engine of present embodiment also is provided with starting system, lubrication system, oil-fired system etc.
Claims (9)
1. cylinder double-face cam axial piston type crankless internal combustion engine; Mainly include main shaft (23), double-track cam (13), roller (15), pivot pin (17), piston (7), piston return spring (20), cylinder (8), intake valve (5), exhaust valve (6), valve cam (2), left cylinder (9), right cylinder body (21), starting system, cooling system, oil-fired system, lubrication system; It is characterized in that: left cylinder (9) and right cylinder body (21) are connected into an integral body with bolt (12); On main shaft (23), be fixed with an axially cylindrical shape double-track cam (13) of symmetry, circumferential symmetry; Two bearings (22) were bearing in left cylinder (9) and the right cylinder body (21) about main shaft (23) passed through; On left cylinder (9) and right cylinder body (21), be provided with same number of even number cylinder; The shaft axis of all cylinders (8) all is parallel to main shaft (23) axis; And with main shaft (23) axis equidistantly annular be uniformly distributed with; Cylinder (8) on left cylinder (9) and the right cylinder body (21) is about double-track cam (13) symmetry and coaxial inner conductor correspondingly, and the pistons (7) that two groups of numbers equate are put into the cylinder (8) of left cylinder (9) and right cylinder body (21) respectively, and in the two ends symmetric arrangement of double-track cam (13); The bottom of each piston (7) all is equipped with roller (15); The driving force of piston (7) is directly passed to double-track cam (13) through roller (15) and is promoted double-track cam (13) rotation, and each roller (15) contacts with the contour surface (25,26) of double-track cam (13) under the effect of piston return spring (20) all the time, and piston (7) is the bottom to be inserted in two the relative bar shaped guide grooves (11) that are arranged on the following cylinder body of cylinder (8) with slide bar (10) piston (7) axis normal; This two opposed guide groove (11) is axially offered along piston (7); All axially offer opposed guide groove (11) along piston (7) on the cylinder body below each cylinder (8), with key connecting a valve cam (2) is installed respectively at the two ends of main shaft (23), cylinder head and cylinder block manufacture an integral body; Above-mentioned double-track cam (13) is the cylindrical body of tubular; Its each end face is an end cam; The contour surface of each end cam (25,26) all by four about double-track cam (13) shaft axis symmetry, size and all identical projection of shape form; The central angle corresponding at each projection of circumferencial direction is to be mutually 90 ° of angles between 90 ° of per two adjacent projections, and the cam profile (25,26) at double-track cam (13) two ends is identical, double-track cam (13) axially crest to crest, trough to trough; Promptly axially symmetrical, and circumferentially also symmetrical.
2. cylinder double-face cam axial piston type crankless internal combustion engine according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the contour surface of above-mentioned double-track cam (13) (25,26) be in the shaft axis of roller (15) axle section at double-track cam (13) with double-track cam (13) when shaft axis is vertical; In double-track cam (13) process that roller (15) moves reciprocatingly with main shaft (23) rotation, roller (15) external cylindrical surface is at the envelope of a series of positions.
3. cylinder double-face cam axial piston type crankless internal combustion engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the contour surface of above-mentioned double-track cam (13) (25,26) designs according to piston (7) characteristics of motion of confirming.
4. cylinder double-face cam axial piston type crankless internal combustion engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the slide bar (10) of piston (7) bottom can and piston (7) manufacture an integral body, be fixed to piston (7) bottom after also can making separately.
5. cylinder double-face cam axial piston type crankless internal combustion engine according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: above-mentioned valve cam (2) is the duplex end cam of plate-like; A valve cam (2) respectively is fixedly connected at the two ends of main shaft (23); These two valve cams are identical; Be respectively applied for control left cylinder (9) and go up all cylinders (8) and the upward keying of the inlet and exhaust valve (5,6) of all cylinders (8) of right cylinder body (21); The projection that the less cam of diameter has two 180 ° of symmetric arrangement of being separated by in the valve cam (2) is used to control the keying that same cylinder body (9,21) is gone up the intake valve (5) of all cylinders (8), and the cam that another diameter is bigger in the valve cam (2) also has the projection of two 180 ° of symmetric arrangement of being separated by; Be used to control the keying that same cylinder body (9,21) is gone up the exhaust valve (6) of all cylinders (8), the phase difference of the adjacent projection of this two cam profile is 45 °.
6. cylinder double-face cam axial piston type crankless internal combustion engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the actuating rod that the manipulating cylinder inlet and exhaust valve opens and closes, it contacts an end that connects inlet and outlet door roller (3,4) is installed with valve cam (2).
7. cylinder double-face cam axial piston type crankless internal combustion engine according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: above-mentioned internal-combustion engine is the internal-combustion engine with four cylinders; Each two cylinder (8) in the left and right sides cylinder body (9,21); Two cylinder pistons (7) of the every end of double-track cam (13), the 180 ° of symmetric arrangement of all being separated by, and working state is synchronous, and the shaft axis of two cylinder pistons (7) overlaps with the shaft axis of two cylinder pistons (7) in the right cylinder body (21) respectively in the left cylinder (9); And the working state of two cylinder pistons (7) of coaxial inner conductor is synchronous, so the working state of four cylinder pistons (7) is all synchronous in this internal-combustion engine.
8. cylinder double-face cam axial piston type crankless internal combustion engine according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: above-mentioned internal-combustion engine is the internal-combustion engine with eight cylinders; Each four cylinder (8) in the left and right sides cylinder body (9,21); Cylinder piston (7) working state of any two 180 ° of symmetric arrangement of being separated by of the same end of double-track cam (13) is synchronous; Two cylinder pistons (7) working state of the coaxial inner conductor at double-track cam (13) two ends is synchronous, and four cylinder pistons (7) that working state is synchronous are as one four cylinder group, and the piston of two four cylinder groups (7) stroke process is 90 ° corresponding to the phase difference of double-track cam (13) corner.
9. cylinder double-face cam axial piston type crankless internal combustion engine according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: above-mentioned internal-combustion engine is the internal-combustion engine with 16 cylinders; Each eight cylinder (8) in the left and right sides cylinder body (9,21); Cylinder piston (7) working state of any two 180 ° of symmetric arrangement of being separated by of the same end of double-track cam (13) is synchronous; Two cylinder pistons (7) working state of the coaxial inner conductor at double-track cam (13) two ends is synchronous; Four cylinder pistons that working state is synchronous are as one four cylinder group, and four four cylinder groups are carried out suction stroke, compression stroke, gaseous combustion expansion stroke and exhaust stroke successively, and the stroke of piston process of adjacent two four cylinder groups is 45 ° corresponding to the phase difference of double-track cam (13) corner.
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| CN104564330A (en) * | 2015-01-13 | 2015-04-29 | 路新学 | Axial opposed piston tubular cam drive type five stroke engine |
| TWI506199B (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2015-11-01 |
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| CN103233779B (en) * | 2013-05-08 | 2015-05-20 | 祥天控股（集团）有限公司 | Air intake and exhaust structure of rotary type engine |
| GB2522204B (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2016-06-22 | Newlenoir Ltd | Piston arrangement |
| CN104963736A (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2015-10-07 | 武克学 | Cam plate of internal combustion engine with four cylinders surrounding one shaft |
| CN105179098A (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2015-12-23 | 武克学 | Cylinder cover of internal combustion engine with four cylinders surrounding one shaft |
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| CN114263585B (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2024-07-09 | 北京空天技术研究所 | Piston pump |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| TWI506199B (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2015-11-01 | ||
| CN104564330A (en) * | 2015-01-13 | 2015-04-29 | 路新学 | Axial opposed piston tubular cam drive type five stroke engine |
| CN104564330B (en) * | 2015-01-13 | 2017-01-18 | 路新学 | Axial opposed piston tubular cam drive type five stroke engine |
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