DE102010053635A1 - Element for the production of a semi-finished fiber product, method and computer program product for the production of the element, apparatus and method for the production of a semi-finished fiber product and system for producing a fiber product - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an element (212; 318; 400) for producing a semifinished fiber product, a method and a computer program product for producing such an element (212; 318; 400) comprising: mapping of the surface content of a further processed semifinished fiber product (104; 200; 300; 412 ) onto an envelope surface, defining the element (212; 318; 400) on the basis of the envelope surface and forming the element (212; 318; 400) according to the envelope surface. The invention also relates to a device and a method for producing a semifinished fiber product comprising: defining a first angle (312, 314) of a fiber (302, 304, 306, 308, 322; 416) with respect to a longitudinal axis (202; 310; 414) of a Fiber product (104; 200; 300; 412), defining a second angle (324, 326) depending on the defined first angle (312, 314) and arranging the fiber (302, 304, 306, 308, 322; 416) on a Element (212; 318; 400) for producing a semifinished fiber product, around the semifinished fiber product at the first (312, 314) and / or second angle (324, 326) with respect to a longitudinal axis (214; 320; 402) of the element (212; 318; 400) to train. Finally, the invention relates to a system (100) for producing a fiber product (104; 200; 300; 412).

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an element for producing a semi-finished fiber product and a method and computer program product for producing the element, to an apparatus and a method for producing a semifinished fiber product and to a system for producing a fiber product.

STATE OF THE ART

As elements for producing a semifinished fiber, for example, cores, winding cores or prototypes are known. Furthermore, devices and methods for producing a semi-finished fiber from the "Handbuch composites", Neitzel, Mitschang, Hanser Verlag 2004 , known. A known method, also called winding method, is used to produce fiber parts, fiber composite parts, moldings, such as containers, tubes, axles and shafts.

Suitable fibers are z. As carbon fibers, also called carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers or the like and / or combinations of such fibers. In cylindrical and conical moldings with one-sided bottom, the winding core can be pulled out of the molded part after the manufacturing process and reused later. In other moldings, the hubs remain in the molding. They are called lost cores and can, for. B. improve the diffusion resistance of a molded part. There are also known fusible cores.

The known production processes also include circumferential winding and cross-winding, in which a thread take-off stores one or more endless fibers or fiber bundles (rovings) on a rotating winding core.

A provided for embedding the fibers matrix consists for. B. from suitable resin mixtures. Suitable matrix systems are formable during winding, give the composite part its shape after curing and ensure the transmission of force between the fibers and fiber layers.

Furthermore, from the Composite Materials Handbook by Schwartz, McGraw-Hill Verlag, 2nd Edition 1991 , a winding method for producing a fiber semi-finished product known. In this case, a resin-impregnated fiber is wound onto a rotating steel cylinder to form a semi-finished fiber. The steel cylinder has a longitudinal notch. The longitudinal notch in the steel cylinder makes it possible to cut open the fiber semi-finished product and remove it from the steel cylinder. The removed fiber semi-finished product is cut into pieces and formed with a press into a fiber composite part and cured. Before pressing, a plastic film is applied to the semi-finished fiber, which simplifies handling. The plastic film is peeled off after pressing from the cured fiber composite part.

Next is from the DE 3 133 733 C2 A method for producing a fiber-reinforced plastic product is known. The method provides for winding a fiber strand onto a rotatable drum. The winding takes place in a helical pitch and in an opposite slope. The fiber is impregnated or impregnated either before winding or thereafter with a resin. Following the winding, a prepreg thus produced is cut from the drum. The prepreg serves as a raw material for the production of products. In the manufacture of products from prepregs, however, it is known that expensive waste and residual material is obtained.

Finally, that describes DE 1 779 433 A1 a method and an apparatus for producing a composite structure. The composite structure is formed by winding a fiber on a winding core. The orientation of the fibers runs depending on the direction of the main stress direction of the composite structure occurring during operation. Several windings form a laminate. After lifting several laminates from the winding core they are placed in mold cavities and supplied curable resin filling material. The laminates are then pressed there until hardened. By curing the laminates creates a composite structure, according to DE 1 779 433 A1 tailored to measure. The cutting of the composite structure, however, generates expensive waste or residual material.

The object of the present invention is to produce semi-finished fiber products and fiber products more cost-effectively.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This object is achieved by the independent claims.

According to the invention, an element for producing a semi-finished fiber product comprises an envelope surface which defines the element and on which the semifinished fiber article can be formed. The envelope surface is formed as a function of the surface content of a further processed semi-finished fiber product.

Preferably, the element may be formed as a core, a winding core, a master mold and the like. In this case, the element as a rollable cylinder, cone, truncated cone, paraboloid or body with other suitable geometries be educated. Also composed of bodies, such as cylinders with attached cone, hourglass-like double cone, cone-cylinder cone, etc. are included. In addition, the element may include shapes with undercuts.

The fact that the element can have undercuts or other complex shapes, it differs from known removable archetypes. An undercut is generally a profile, relief or other protruding shape. Undercuts in semifinished or further processed semifinished fiber products can practically not be realized with a common fiber winding process and removable hubs. The winding core would be blocked by the undercut and could not be removed from the semi-finished fiber. However, the element according to the invention preferably does not have to be pulled out of the semi-finished fiber, so that undercuts can be produced in the semi-finished fiber.

Furthermore envelope surface means a surface which encloses, surrounds or surrounds the volume of the element. The envelope surface is not limited to an area that is covered by something. The envelope surface can also generally be a surface or the sum of a number of surfaces surrounding an arbitrarily shaped volume.

The formation of the semifinished fiber product on the envelope surface preferably comprises a winding, covering, covering or the like of the envelope surface with a fiber, with a fiber roving, a sliver or with a similar elongated, thin, flexible and tensile fiber material. The fiber may be formed as an endless fiber. Alternatively, however, the fiber may also comprise a plurality of short or long individual fibers or fiber bundles.

The envelope surface of the element can be formed coextensive with the surface content. Alternatively, it can be made larger. An advantage of the surface equality is that a semifinished fiber product can be produced with predetermined end or target dimensions and subsequent cutting is reduced or avoided. Since fiber materials, such as carbon and aramid are expensive, can be produced in a low-cost manner by the area equality low-waste or waste-free semi-finished fiber products.

Preferably, the envelope surface may be formed approximately coextensive with the surface content, i. H. 80% to 99% surface equality.

The material of the fiber may include, for example, carbon, carbon, ceramic, boron carbide, quartz glass, silicon, silicon carbide, alumina, silicon carbide nitride, boron nitride, glass, synthetic material, aramid, polyethylene, polyamide, polyester, metal, boron, tungsten , Steel, aluminum, natural material, vegetable fibers, flax fibers, sisal fibers and combinations thereof, e.g. B. a first material for a fiber core with a wrap of a second material.

The formed semi-finished fiber product is preferably a knitted fabric, mesh or scrim made of fibers without or substantially without a matrix. In addition, the fiber composite semifinished product is preferably not a hollow body, such as is produced in a known hub process.

The semi-finished fiber product may also comprise a matrix. The fabric of the matrix preferably comprises thermosets, such as epoxy resin, or thermoplastics. For thermally highly loaded fiber products can be used for the matrix on ceramic or metals.

The matrix preferably serves as an adhesive between adjacent portions of the fiber, but is not limited to the action of an adhesive. The fiber and a non-cured matrix together preferably form a semi-finished fiber composite, semi-finished fiber or the like. Even in the cured state, the matrix and the fiber can be understood together as semi-finished fiber, namely in particular when the semifinished fiber is further processed into a further semi-finished or finished product.

The further processing of the semifinished fiber product may include a shape, state (eg curing) and dimensional change. The semi-finished fiber can be compressed in certain sections, stretched in others. The upsetting or stretching can lead to a change in the surface content of the further processed semi-finished fiber product compared to a trained semi-finished fiber.

The individual fibers or the endless fiber can be arranged side by side lying on the envelope surface. In addition, the fiber can be arranged in the form of a yarn package in superimposed layers.

The envelope can also be dependent be imaged by the surface content of the further processed semi-finished fiber product. The mapping in this case means a mathematical relationship between the surface content and the envelope surface.

The avoidance or reduction of fiber cutting can be achieved in an advantageous manner with the element according to the invention in that the envelope surface of the element is formed as a function of the surface content of the further processed semifinished fiber product. If, for example, the surface content in the further processing of the semifinished fiber z. B. by compression or stretching so that it is too large (or too small) for a fiber product, the envelope of the element can be adjusted by the dependence already in advance accordingly. As a result of less or no accumulating fiber waste, the semifinished fiber product can be produced more cheaply.

Further, forming also means making or machining, such as milling, turning, grinding, etc.

According to the invention, the envelope surface may be a rotationally symmetrical lateral surface about a longitudinal axis of the element.

The rotationally symmetrical lateral surface preferably forms a special case of the envelope surface.

An advantage of a rotationally symmetrical lateral surface lies in a simplified production of the element z. B. by means of a lathe or lathe. Lathes are usually simply constructed 2-dimensional processing machines and therefore built less expensive than 3-, 4- or 5-axis milling machines. The ratio of working space and processing machine price can also be cheaper for lathes, so that the element with a lathe is cheaper to produce.

Such a lateral surface preferably additionally comprises a bottom and / or cover surface of the element enclosed by the lateral surface.

The envelope surface or the lateral surface may be smooth, have guide grooves, an anti-slip coating or otherwise rough surface. A rough surface or guide grooves may be advantageous for winding with a fiber to prevent slippage of the fiber on the element.

According to the invention, the envelope surface of the element can be formed as a function of the edge shape of the further processed semi-finished fiber product.

The edge shape, or the edge, can be understood as a limitation of the surface content of the further processed semi-finished fiber product.

For example, a rectangular edge shape during imaging leads to a cylindrical envelope surface of the element. As a further example, a trapezoidal edge shape of the semi-finished fiber product present in the further processed state leads to a frustoconical envelope surface of the element.

If there is a further processed semi-finished fiber, which corresponds to simple geometric shapes, such. As rectangle, square, triangle, trapezoid, it can be advantageously formed quickly and easily an envelope depending on the surface content and / or the edge shape of the further processed semi-finished fiber product. The dependence corresponds in this case to a winding of the simple geometric shape to a closed surface, namely the envelope surface. By winding such a simple geometric shape, a tubular envelope surface may be formed, which comprises a lid and / or bottom.

According to the invention, shell circumferences at intervals along the longitudinal axis of the element can correspond to semifinished fiber model transverse lengths at the same distances along a longitudinal axis of a semi-finished fiber model

The semifinished fiber model can z. B. be present as a prototype or created. Preferably, the semifinished fiber model is made of an easily modelable material, such as wood, clay, plastic, etc.

Preferably, the longitudinal axes of the element and the semifinished fiber model are fixed. The determination of the longitudinal axis is preferably carried out before the production of the element and before the preparation of the semi-finished fiber model z. B. also in a technical drawing.

The longitudinal axes serve advantageously as a common reference line for the distances. If a longitudinal axis is defined in the semifinished fiber model, then a semifinished fiber model transverse length can correspond to the length of a perpendicular to this longitudinal axis, the semifinished fiber model transverse length being limited by the edge of the semi-finished fiber model.

In addition, a reference point has been defined, wherein points on the semi-finished fiber product or semifinished fiber model or the element are determined by means of vectors with respect to the reference point. By means of a vector transformation, the surface content and / or the edge shape of the further processed semi-finished fiber product can be imaged onto the element.

One advantage of a semi-finished fiber model is that the surface content and / or the edge shape of the further processed semifinished fiber can be reproduced exactly or at least approximately on the envelope surface of the element, without having to use a computer model of the semi-finished fiber as the starting point.

The semi-finished fiber model can also be a computer model, ie a virtual model. An advantage of the computer model is that no prototype or the like is to be made as a semifinished fiber model, so that the cost of producing the element according to the invention can be reduced.

According to the invention, the distances in regions of a curvature of the further processed semi-finished fiber product or semifinished fiber model may be small and large in linear regions of the further processed semi-finished fiber product.

The curvatures can be present at the edges of the further processed semifinished fiber product. However, the curvatures may also include bulges in the surface of the further processed semi-finished fiber product.

A linear region may include planes or even, flat surfaces, but also areas with a small curvature. Preferably, in a linear region of the wide-processed semi-finished fiber product, a distance defined by the beginning and end of the linear region is sufficient to image the linear region onto the envelope surface of the element.

In areas of low curvature smaller distances may be provided, as in areas with large curvature.

An advantage of smaller distances is that the mantle or envelope surface of the element can more accurately correspond to the surface content and / or the edge shape of the further processed semi-finished fiber product. An advantage of the more precise correspondence of the surfaces can lie in less to no accumulating waste on the semi-finished fiber product.

If there are many only linear regions in the semifinished fiber product, it is advantageously possible to form an enveloping surface with a few spacings as a function of the surface content and / or of the edge shape of the further processed semi-finished fiber product.

Furthermore, according to the invention, a method for producing an element for producing a semifinished fiber article comprises imaging a surface content of a further processed semi-finished fiber product onto an enveloping surface, defining the element based on the enveloping surface and forming the element according to the enveloping surface.

The mapping can be carried out mechanically as described above on the basis of an objective semifinished fiber model and / or virtually on the basis of a computer-generated semifinished fiber model. The imaging may also include forming.

If the semi-finished fiber product is formed on the envelope surface and not further processed, then the surface content of the semifinished fiber product can essentially correspond to the surface content of the envelope surface. If the semifinished fiber product is further processed, the surface content of the semifinished fiber product may thereby change at least in sections. For example, if the semi-finished fiber product is pressed or otherwise shaped, the semifinished fiber product can be compressed or stretched so that the surface content changes.

According to the invention, the envelope surface can be imaged as a rotationally symmetrical lateral surface. The surface content of the further processed chaff can be mapped mathematically on the rotationally symmetrical lateral surface. This may in this case be a winding, i. H. be a reverse process.

According to the invention, the envelope surface can be imaged as a function of the edge shape of the further processed semi-finished fiber product. For example, if there is a further processed semi-finished fiber, which corresponds to simple geometric shapes, so advantageous quickly and easily the envelope surface depending on the surface content and / or the edge shape of the further processed semi-finished fiber products are displayed. The dependency may in this case comprise a winding of the simple geometric shape into a closed surface, namely the envelope surface. By winding such a simple geometric shape, a tubular envelope surface may be formed, which comprises a lid and / or bottom.

According to the invention, the surface content of the further processed semifinished fiber product can be imaged in the same area on the enveloping surface. Imaging can also include a simple, in particular mechanical, copying the surfaces of a further processed semifinished fiber product.

According to the invention, the shape of the further processed semifinished fiber product can be determined, distances along a longitudinal axis of the further processed semifinished fiber product determined, semi-finished cross-fiber lengths are determined in the distances and fiber semi-finished cross-sections are mapped to cladding circumferences of the element at intervals along a longitudinal axis of the element.

Preferably, the longitudinal axes are determined along the element or along the further processed semi-finished fiber product. The setting can be made using a technical drawing.

Determining the shape also means predefining or fixing the shape, in particular the surface content and the edge shape of the further processed semi-finished fiber product. The determination or definition of the shape can be carried out on the basis of a simple technical drawing. The setting of the distances can be done for example by drawing. The determination of the semi-finished fiber transverse lengths can be done by means of a length measuring means. The imaging of the semifinished fiber cross-sections means, for example, a transfer of the measured semifinished fiber cross-lengths on the outer circumference of the element. A measured fiber semi-finished transverse length can be just as long as the corresponding shell circumference. The above steps can with simple means such. As paper, tape and the like, or even with a simple computer program and a CAD drawing of the semifinished fiber product, or the further processed semi-finished fiber products are performed.

According to the invention, a computer program product for creating an element model comprises a function for mapping a surface content of a semifinished fiber model onto an envelope surface, which defines the element model. The computer program product preferably includes a CAD (Computer Aided Design) program and a CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) program. CAD in this case means a computer-aided design of the element model and / or the semi-finished fiber model. The surface content of the semi-finished fiber model can be mapped by a mathematical function on the envelope surface of the element model. By means of a CAM program then the created element model can be computer-aided z. B. be made by means of a CNC lathe. The computer-aided creation of the element model makes the manufacturing process for an element fast, repeatable, reliable, and accurate.

According to the invention, an apparatus for producing a semi-finished fiber product comprises an element with a longitudinal axis, a Faserablegeeinrichtung which arranges a fiber on the element at a defined first angle to the longitudinal axis to form the semi-finished fiber, further processing means for further processing the semifinished fiber into a fiber product, wherein the defined first angle is determined as a function of a second angle of the fiber in the fiber product with respect to a longitudinal axis of the fiber product.

A Faserablegeeinrichtung may include any device that can arrange a fiber on the element, for. As a guide eye, a robot arm and the like. The Faserablegeeinrichtung preferably moves with a certain feed relative to the element in order to arrange the fiber at a defined angle to the longitudinal axis can. The feed rate of the Faserablegeeinrichtung can determine the slope of the applied fibers.

A cutting device can be provided to separate the semi-finished fiber formed on the element and remove it from the element. The separated fiber semi-finished product can also fall down automatically from the element.

The further processing device can further process the semifinished fiber product into a further semi-finished fiber product, semi-finished fiber product, into a fiber product or to a fiber end product.

Since the orientation of the fiber in semifinished fiber products can change as a result of further processing, an advantage of the dependence of the defined first angle on the second angle is that a fiber orientation or fiber direction desired in a fiber product is already taken into account when the semifinished fiber product is formed on the element. As a result, the fiber orientation after further processing can correspond to the desired fiber orientation in the fiber product.

By the dependence of the defined first angle of the second angle of the fiber in the fiber product, the stiffness-to-weight ratio of the entire fiber product can be advantageously improved. This is particularly achievable by the fact that the fiber, and thus the fiber weight, by the defined orientation or the defined angle substantially there in the fiber product used, wound, woven, installed, etc., where the fiber has the desired effect, such. B. Stiffness achieved for the entire fiber product. There may be more fiber material or thicker fiber layers at locations of the fibrous product that are subjected to a heavier load during use than at locations where less stress is applied when using the fibrous product.

A desired fiber orientation in the fiber product further allows for stiffening or increasing the tensile strength in the fiber product in one or more particular directions.

Preferably, the aforementioned element for producing a semi-finished fiber product is an element according to the invention.

According to the invention, the fiber depositing device can at least partially arrange the fiber geodetically on the element.

Geodetic generally means the theoretically shortest connection between two points on a curved surface, the so-called geodesic line. On a spherical surface is a geodesic compound, for example, a circular arc. The Arranging fiber geodetically on the element essentially means arranging the fiber on the shortest path between two points on the element. An advantage of geodetic placement may be that the fiber thereby slips less on the element.

Preferably, the fiber may be arranged on the sections of the element geodesic and on other sections in the defined first angle, for. B. to improve the tensile strength of the semifinished fiber in this orientation. Sections may in this case include portions of the fiber or layers of superimposed fibers.

According to the invention, the fiber depositing device can have at least one degree of freedom.

One degree of freedom generally corresponds to the number of movement possibilities of two objects to each other, for. B. a rotation of Faserablegeeinrichtung to the element or a translation of Faserablageinrichtung along the element.

According to the invention, the fiber depositing device can arrange the fiber in sections on the element at a defined angle to the longitudinal axis of the element

According to the invention, the element can be rotatable about its longitudinal axis and the Faserablegeeinrichtung can be moved parallel to the longitudinal axis.

With this configuration, the semifinished fiber can be produced inexpensively, since only a frame for receiving the element, a rotary drive for rotating the element and a mounted on a rail Faserablegeeinrichtung may be required with a linear drive.

According to the invention, the further processing device may comprise a cutting device and / or a press.

A cutting device is, for example, a knife, a pair of scissors or the like, which can be used to cut the semifinished fiber product formed on the element along the element with a cut, so as to obtain a flat semifinished fiber product. The semifinished fiber product may fall off the element after the cut. Alternatively, the semifinished fiber can be removed from the element and fed to a press. Subsequently, the semifinished fiber can be shaped and cured according to a pressing punch, a die or male.

According to the invention, a method for producing a semi-finished fiber product may comprise the steps of defining a first angle of a fiber with respect to a longitudinal axis of the semifinished fiber product, defining a second angle as a function of the defined first angle and arranging the fiber on the element for forming the semifinished fiber article at a second angle with respect to a Longitudinal axis of the element.

The orientation of fibers in a semi-finished fiber can affect the tensile strength or resilience of the semi-finished fiber in certain directions. An advantage of the method according to the invention for the production of the semifinished fiber product may be that to improve the accuracy of the orientation of the fibers in the semifinished fiber product.

According to the invention, a matrix may be supplied during or before the fiber is placed on the element.

An advantage of feeding the matrix during the placement of the fiber on the element may be that more time remains to cure or partially cure the matrix. An advantage of feeding a matrix prior to placing the fiber on the element may be that the fiber is better impregnated with the matrix so that less air pockets are formed in the semifinished fiber product. The supply of a matrix from the semifinished fiber product may result in a fiber composite semifinished product.

According to the invention, a first angle of a fiber with respect to the longitudinal axis can be determined in sections. In addition, the fiber may be arranged on the element at the second angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the element in sections.

Preferably, a fiber passes over several sections, each with a defined angle around the element. This fiber guide can improve the tensile strength or resilience of the semi-finished fiber in certain directions.

According to the invention, the fiber can be arranged at least in sections geodetically on the element. As a result, the fiber generally shifts less on the element.

According to the invention, the semi-finished fiber formed on the element, in particular along the longitudinal axis of the element, be cut open and removed from the element.

The semi-finished fiber can be cut both parallel to the longitudinal axis of the element as well as at a certain angle thereto. To a certain edge shape of the semifinished fiber to reach the semi-finished fiber can also be cut in a defined curve.

According to the invention, the semi-finished fiber product can be pressed into a further processed semi-finished fiber product and / or into a fiber product.

Preferably, the pressing comprises forming the semifinished fiber product from a flat to a three-dimensional shape. Preferably, the pressing of the semifinished fiber product also includes hardening of the semifinished fiber product to form a fiber product or to a fiber composite semifinished product or another semifinished fiber product.

According to the invention, a plurality of fiber products can be glued together.

For example, fiber product with semifinished fiber product, fiber product with fiber composite semifinished product, fiber composite semifinished product with fiber composite semifinished product, semi-finished fiber product with semi-finished fiber products and the like can be glued together.

Preferably, the fiber products are provided with a detergent before pressing. The release agent can facilitate removal, molding, forming or pressing of the semifinished fiber product in the press. After pressing, the release agent is preferably laser cut in at least a portion. The laser ablation involves evaporation or burning of the release agent.

Preferably, the fiber product at the eroded portion with an adhesive, for. As adhesive provided and connected to another fiber product. As a result, stable, loadable, in particular hollow, and thus lightweight fiber composite profiles can be produced.

According to the invention, the element for producing a semi-finished fiber product for the aforementioned steps may be an element according to the invention.

According to the invention, a system for producing a fiber product comprises an imaging unit for imaging the surface content of a semifinished fiber model onto an enveloping surface of a winding core to be produced, a manufacturing unit for producing the winding core based on the enveloping surface, a winding unit for winding the enveloping surface of the winding core with a fiber having a defined angle to produce a semi-finished fiber product, a cutting unit that cuts the semifinished fiber along the winding core, a release agent unit that provides the sliced semi-finished fiber with release agent, a press unit that forms and cures the release-containing fiber into a fiber product, and a laser unit, the Release agent from the fiber product ablasert.

The semifinished fiber product may drop after cutting itself from the winding core or removed from a pickup and fed to the release agent unit.

Preferably, an imaging unit comprises a computer or simulation computer. The imaging unit may also include a mechanical copying device, marking dots and measuring tape, etc. The manufacturing unit preferably comprises a CNC-controlled milling machine or lathe. The pressing unit preferably comprises a mechanical press. The laser unit preferably comprises a device for generating a high-energy radiation.

According to the invention, the fiber may be impregnated with a matrix. If the fiber is impregnated with matrix, a fiber composite semi-finished product can be produced on the winding core. The fiber composite semifinished product can thus be more dimensionally stable than the semifinished fiber product in which only fiber is above fiber.

The fabric of the matrix preferably comprises thermosets, such as epoxy resin, or thermoplastics. For thermally highly resilient fiber products can be used for the matrix on ceramic or metals.

According to the invention, a connection unit can provide a plurality of fiber products and / or semi-finished fiber products with an adhesive and connect them together. As a result, stable, loadable, in particular hollow and therefore lightweight fiber composite profiles can be produced. The adhesive preferably comprises a matrix material. But also suitable adhesives can be used.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The attached drawings show:

1 an inventive system for producing a fiber product

2a a further processed semi-finished fiber product according to the invention

2 B an inventive element for producing a semi-finished fiber product

3a another further processed semi-finished fiber product according to the invention

3b a method for producing a semi-finished fiber product

4a another inventive element for producing a semi-finished fiber product

4b another further processed semi-finished fiber product according to the invention

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings.

1 shows a system 100 for producing a fiber product or a fiber composite product 104 , According to the system 100 First, a computer is an element model 102 , also called winding core model, created virtually. Alternatively, this model can also be created manually. The element model 102 is based in its dimensions on a fiber product model, a further processed semi-finished fiber product or a fiber composite product 104 , The element model 102 is an illustration of the surface content and edge shape of the fiber composite product 104 , The element model 102 serves as a measure to on the basis of this data, for example by means of a CNC-controlled lathe 106 , an element made of a material, also called winding core to produce. The material of the winding core may comprise metals, such as aluminum or steel, and be present for example as a block or in any other suitable geometries from which the winding core is machined out.

The finished winding core is rotatably mounted and driven by a rotary drive (not shown). A fiber impregnating and depositing device 108 impregnated or impregnated carbon fiber, for example, with epoxy resin, also called matrix. In one step 109 the rotating element will pass through the fiber impregnating and depositing device 108 wound with the impregnated carbon fiber. The Faserimprägnier- and storage device 108 moves to a certain feed along the longitudinal axis of the winding core. After several windings of the carbon fiber, a multi-layer fiber composite semifinished product, also called matrix-impregnated fiber semi-finished product, is produced on the winding core.

A cutting device 110 cuts the finished fiber composite semifinished product in a section along the winding core, so that a mat-like or flat fiber composite semi-finished product is formed. The mat-like fiber composite semifinished product is removed from the winding core, provided with a release agent and placed in a press 112 inserted. In the press 112 The mat-like fiber composite semifinished product is pressed by means of a die and male in a certain shape, heated and cured at the same time, so that a fiber composite product 104 arises. The release agent on the fiber composite semifinished product facilitates molding in and removal from the press 112 , The fiber composite product 104 is systematically after pressing and curing with a laser device 114 abgelasert. The laser 114 places it in areas that are then to be glued to one or more other components, the fiber to a predetermined depth free. The laser 114 burns epoxy resin and release agent.

According to the system, the fiber composite product 104 provided on the exposed areas with adhesive and with one or more other components, eg. B. another fiber composite product glued.

Instead of the element model 102 For example, the element can also be made by directly measuring a fiber composite product prototype and transferring the dimensions to the element. The mechanical or virtual transfer of dimensions of the fiber composite product from a technical drawing on the element is possible. An area is cut into planes parallel to each other. The resulting intersection lines are converted into circles whose perimeters correspond to the length of the respective intersection lines. The centers of all resulting circles are arranged on a straight line such that the circle planes are aligned parallel to one another and the distance of the center points corresponds to the distance of the cutting planes of the original surface.

2a shows a further processed semi-finished fiber or a semi-finished fiber composite, for example, a carbon fiber reinforced plastic from which a B-pillar 200 is formed for a motor vehicle. The B-pillar 200 is shown in plan view and has a longitudinal axis 202 , The B-pillar 200 tapers trapezoidal from bottom to top. At the lower and upper end is the B-pillar 200 equipped with flange areas. The flange can z. B. are attached to the top of the roof and the bottom of the vehicle frame. In the upper and lower area 204 is the B-pillar 200 strongly curved or curved. In the middle area 206 the B-pillar is slightly arched, less than in the area 204 and designed almost linear.

In 2a be along the longitudinal axis 202 depending on the curvatures distances set. In the area 204 with high curvature will be small distances 208 established. In the area 206 with low curvature are compared to the distances 208 larger distances 210 established. Along the distances 208 and 210 become cut lengths l ₁ , l ₂ to l _{n of} the B-pillar 200 measured.

2 B shows a winding core 212 as an element for producing a semi-finished fiber product. The winding core 212 is initially present, for example, as a cylindrical rod material (not shown) and is prepared for example by means of a lathe corresponding to the circumference u ₁ , u ₂ to u _n . For this purpose, the cutting lengths l ₁ , l ₂ to l _n on circumferences u ₁ , u ₂ to u _{n of} the winding core 212 displayed. The winding core 212 has a longitudinal axis 214 which forms a central axis for the circumferences u ₁ , u ₂ to u _n . The circles are also each at the same intervals 208 . 210 arranged as they are in the B-pillar 200 are defined.

With the in 2a and 2 B Illustrated technique is the surface content and the edge shape of the B-pillar 200 in reasonable accuracy with little effort, so cost, mapped to the hub. This eliminates any waste because the B-pillar 200 and the winding core 212 coextensive.

3a shows another further processed semifinished fiber product 300 , The semifinished fiber product 300 has a plurality of carbon fibers superimposed on each other by a fiber depositing means (not shown) 302 . 304 . 306 and 308 on. Furthermore, the semifinished fiber product comprises 300 a longitudinal axis 310 , The carbon fibers 302 and 304 close to each other a semi-finished fiber angle 312 one. The carbon fiber 302 and the longitudinal axis 310 close together another fiber semifinished product angle 314 a, also called defined angle.

The orientation of the fibers 302 . 304 . 306 and 308 Defines the angles, so that a high tensile load of the processed semi-finished fiber 300 in the directions 316 may be allowed. The directions 316 correspond to the longitudinal directions of the fibers 302 . 304 . 306 and 308 ,

The processed semi-finished fiber product 300 is by means of an element or winding core 318 produced. The element 318 can be virtual or manual according to the 2a and 2 B be explained technology explained.

The winding core 318 in 3b has an axis of rotation 320 on. On the winding core 318 are multiple sections of a single continuous fiber 322 visible, noticeable. The endless fiber 322 is in several turns on the hub 318 arranged. The individual fibers 302 . 304 . 306 and 308 correspond to sections of the continuous fiber 322 , The endless fiber 322 closes a winding core angle 324 with the longitudinal axis 320 of the winding core 318 a, also called second angle. In addition, the continuous fiber closes 322 another winding core angle 326 with yourself. By wrapping the element several times 318 with the endless fiber 322 The result is a semi-finished fiber, which then from the winding core 318 is cut off and processed further. The further processing of the semifinished fiber product comprises a forming and / or hardening. When forming. certain areas of the semifinished fiber product are warped, compressed or stretched. By further processing of the semi-finished fiber can be further processed semi-finished fiber as the processed semi-finished fiber 300 getting produced.

The semi-finished fiber angle 312 and 314 of the further processed semifinished fiber product 300 be so before production of the semifinished fiber on the winding core angle 324 and 326 pictured, from the angles 324 . 326 after cutting, removing and further processing of the semifinished fiber product, the semi-finished fiber angle 312 . 314 arise.

• 1. abschnittsweise Aufbringen von Markierungen 328 auf die Endlosfaser des auf dem Element 318 angeordneten Faserhalbzeugs,
• 2. Feststellen des Wickelkernwinkels 324 eines Abschnitts zwischen zwei Markierungen 328 bezüglich der Drehachse 320,
• 3. anschließendes Abschneiden, Abnehmen und Weiterverarbeiten des Faserhalbzeugs
• 4. Feststellen des Faserhalbzeugwinkels 314 eines Abschnitts zwischen zwei Markierungen 328 bezüglich der Längsachse 310,
• 5. Feststellen der Abweichung des Faserhalbzeugwinkels 314 von einem gewünschten Faserhalbzeugwinkel,
• 6. wieder bei Schritt 1 beginnen und den Wickelkernwinkel 324 derart verändern bzw. anpassen, dass die Abweichung in Schritt 5 kleiner wird,
• 7. Iteration beenden, wenn die Abweichung unterhalb einer bestimmten Toleranz liegt.

The mapping of the angles can be done by the following steps:

• 1. partial application of markings 328 on the endless fiber of the element 318 arranged semifinished fiber product,
• 2. Determining the winding core angle 324 a section between two marks 328 with respect to the axis of rotation 320 .
• 3. subsequent cutting, removal and further processing of the semifinished fiber product
• 4. Determining the fiber semifinished product angle 314 a section between two marks 328 with respect to the longitudinal axis 310 .
• 5. Determining the deviation of the fiber semifinished product angle 314 from a desired semi-finished fiber angle,
• 6. Start again at step 1 and the winding core angle 324 change or adjust so that the deviation in step 5 becomes smaller,
• 7. Stop the iteration if the deviation is below a certain tolerance.

4a shows a winding core 400 with a longitudinal axis 402 , On the winding core 400 is a carbon fiber 404 arranged. The winding core is substantially frusto-conical and has at a distance 408 from the left side a circumference 410 on.

4b shows a boat hull 412 with a longitudinal axis 414 , The boat hull 412 is formed from a fiber composite semi-finished mat, previously on the winding core 400 was formed. The carbon fiber 404 on the winding core 400 corresponds to the carbon fiber 416 in the boat hull 412 , The carbon fiber 416 runs in the boat hull 400 from the nose of the bow 418 to the rear bottom 420 In order for a high tensile strength of the boat hull 412 to provide in the longitudinal direction. At a distance 422 from the bow is in 4b a fuselage cross-section line 424 Are defined. The distance 422 corresponds to the distance 408 and the length the fuselage cross-section line 424 corresponds to the scope 410 ,

By transferring several distances and fuselage cross-section lengths to the winding core and forming the winding core on the basis of these dimensions, the winding core is 400 coextensive with the boat hull 412 educated. Will on the winding core 400 formed a fiber composite semi-finished mat, then along the winding core 400 separated, and to the boat hull 412 shaped, so eliminates any waste, since the boat hull 412 and the winding core 400 coextensive.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 3133733 C2 [0007]
• DE 1779433 A1 [0008, 0008]

Cited non-patent literature

• "Handbuch Verbundwerkstoffe", Neitzel, Mitschang, Hanser Verlag 2004 [0002]
• Composite Materials Handbook by Schwartz, McGraw-Hill Verlag, 2nd Edition, 1991 [0006]

Claims (31)

Element ( 212 ; 318 ; 400 ) for the production of a semifinished fiber product, comprising: an enveloping surface which surrounds the element ( 212 ; 318 ; 400 ), and on which the semi-finished fiber product can be formed, characterized in that the enveloping surface in dependence on the surface content of a further processed semifinished fiber product ( 200 ; 300 ; 412 ) is formed. Element ( 212 ; 318 ; 400 ) according to claim 1, wherein the envelope surface is formed around a longitudinal axis ( 214 ; 320 ; 402 ) of the element ( 212 ; 318 ; 400 ) is rotationally symmetrical lateral surface. Element ( 212 ; 318 ; 400 ) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the envelope surface depending on the edge shape of the further processed semifinished fiber product ( 200 ; 300 ; 412 ) is formed. Element ( 212 ; 318 ; 400 ) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the envelope surface is formed coextensive with the surface content. Element ( 212 ; 318 ; 400 ) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the jacket circumferences (u ₁ , u ₂ , u _n ; 410 ) at intervals ( 408 ) along the longitudinal axis ( 214 ; 320 ; 402 ) of the element ( 212 ; 318 ; 400 ) Semi-finished fiber model transverse lengths (l ₁ , l ₂ , l _n ; 424 ) at the same intervals ( 208 ; 210 ; 422 ) along a longitudinal axis ( 202 ; 310 ; 414 ) correspond to a semi-finished fiber model. Element according to claim 5, wherein the distances - in regions of curvature ( 204 ) of the further processed semifinished fiber product or semi-finished fiber model ( 208 ), and - in linear regions ( 206 ) of the further processed semifinished fiber product ( 210 ) are big. Process for producing an element for producing a semi-finished fiber product comprising: Imaging a surface content of a further processed semi-finished fiber product onto an envelope surface, - Defining the element based on the envelope surface and - Forming of the element according to the envelope surface. A method for producing an element according to claim 7, further comprising imaging the envelope surface as a rotationally symmetrical lateral surface. A method of manufacturing an element according to claim 7 or 8, further comprising imaging the envelope surface depending on the edge shape of the further processed semi-finished fiber product. A method for producing an element according to any one of claims 7 to 9, further comprising coextensive imaging of the surface content of the further processed semi-finished fiber product on the envelope surface. A method of manufacturing an element according to claim 7, further comprising Determining the shape of the further processed semifinished fiber product, Defining distances along a longitudinal axis of the semifinished fiber product present in a further processed state, - Determining semi-finished fiber cross-lengths in the distances, and - Imaging the fiber semifinished cross-sections on shell circumferences of the element in the intervals along a longitudinal axis of the element. Computer program product for creating an element model ( 102 ) having a function for imaging a surface content of a semi-finished fiber model ( 104 ; 200 ; 300 ; 412 ) on an envelope surface that the element model ( 102 ) Are defined. Apparatus for producing a semi-finished fiber product, comprising: - an element ( 212 ; 318 ; 400 ) with a longitudinal axis ( 214 ; 320 ; 402 ), - a Faserablegeeinrichtung ( 108 ), which is a fiber ( 302 . 304 . 306 . 308 . 322 ; 416 ) on the element ( 212 ; 318 ; 400 ) at a defined first angle ( 324 . 326 ) to the longitudinal axis ( 214 ; 320 ; 402 ) arranges to form the semifinished fiber, - a further processing device ( 110 . 112 ) for further processing the semifinished fiber into a fiber product ( 104 ; 200 ; 300 ; 412 ), characterized in that - the defined first angle ( 324 . 326 ) as a function of a second angle ( 312 . 314 ) of the fiber ( 302 . 304 . 306 . 308 . 322 ; 416 ) in the fiber product ( 104 ; 200 ; 300 ; 412 ) with respect to a longitudinal axis ( 203 ; 310 ; 414 ) of the fiber product ( 104 ; 200 ; 300 ; 412 ) is determined. Apparatus for producing a semi-finished fiber product according to claim 13, wherein the element ( 212 ; 318 ; 400 ) is formed according to one of claims 1 to 6. Apparatus for producing a semi-finished fiber product according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the Faserablegeeinrichtung ( 108 ) the fiber ( 302 . 304 . 306 . 308 ; 416 ) at least in sections geodetic on the element ( 212 ; 318 ; 400 ). Apparatus for producing a semi-finished fiber product according to one of claims 13 to 15, at the fiber applicator ( 108 ) has at least one degree of freedom. Apparatus for producing a semi-finished fiber product according to any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the Faserablegeeinrichtung ( 108 ) the fiber ( 302 . 304 . 306 . 308 ; 416 ) in sections on the element ( 212 ; 318 ; 400 ) in the defined first angle ( 324 . 326 ) to the longitudinal axis ( 214 ; 320 ; 402 ) of the element ( 212 ; 318 ; 400 ). Device for producing a semi-finished fiber product according to one of Claims 13 to 17, in which the element ( 212 ; 318 ; 400 ) about its longitudinal axis ( 214 ; 320 ; 402 ) and the Faserablegeeinrichtung ( 108 ) parallel to the longitudinal axis ( 214 ; 320 ; 402 ) is movable. Apparatus for producing a semi-finished fiber product according to one of Claims 13 to 18, in which the further processing device ( 110 . 112 ) a cutting device ( 110 ). Apparatus for producing a semi-finished fiber product according to one of Claims 13 to 19, in which the further processing device ( 110 . 112 ) a press ( 112 ). Process for producing a semifinished fiber product, comprising: Defining a first angle of a fiber with respect to a longitudinal axis of a fiber product, Defining a second angle as a function of the defined first angle and - Arranging the fiber on an element for producing a semi-finished fiber to form the semi-finished fiber at the first and / or second angle with respect to a longitudinal axis of the element. A method of making a semi-finished fiber product according to claim 21, further comprising: feeding a matrix during or prior to placing the fiber on the element. A process for producing a semi-finished fiber product according to claim 21 or 22, further comprising: Determining the first angle of the fiber with respect to the longitudinal axis of the fiber product in sections and Placing the fiber on the element at the second angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the element in sections. A process for producing a semi-finished fiber product according to any one of claims 21 to 23, wherein the fiber is at least partially arranged geodetically on the element. A process for producing a semi-finished fiber product according to any one of claims 21 to 24, further comprising: Cutting the formed on the element semifinished fiber and Removing the semifinished fiber from the element. A process for producing a semi-finished fiber product according to any one of claims 21 to 25, further comprising: Pressing the semi-finished fiber product, in particular to a fiber product. A process for producing a semi-finished fiber product according to claim 26, further comprising: Bonding several fiber products and / or further processed semi-finished fiber products together. A process for producing a semifinished fiber product according to any one of claims 21 to 27, wherein the element is produced according to one of claims 7 to 11. System ( 100 ) for producing a fiber product ( 104 ), comprising: an imaging unit for imaging the surface content of a semifinished fiber model onto an enveloping surface of a wound core ( 102 ), a manufacturing unit for producing the winding core ( 212 ; 318 ; 400 ) based on the envelope surface, a winding unit for winding ( 109 ) of the envelope surface of the winding core ( 212 ; 318 ; 400 ) with a fiber ( 416 ) in at least one defined angle ( 324 . 326 ) to produce a semi-finished fiber, a cutting unit ( 110 ), the semi-finished fiber along the winding core ( 212 ; 318 ; 400 ), a release agent unit, which provides the cut semi-finished fiber product with release agent, a pressing unit ( 112 ), which makes the release-containing semi-finished fiber product into a fiber product ( 104 ; 200 ; 300 ; 412 ) forms and cures, and a laser unit ( 114 ), which at least partially separates the release agent from the fiber product ( 104 ; 200 ; 300 ; 412 ) ablaze. System ( 100 ) for producing a fiber product ( 104 ) according to claim 29, wherein the fiber ( 302 . 304 . 306 . 308 . 322 ; 416 ) is impregnated with a matrix. System ( 100 ) for producing a fiber product ( 104 ) according to claim 29 or 30, comprising a connecting unit comprising a plurality of fiber products ( 104 ) and / or semi-finished fiber products ( 200 ; 300 ; 412 ) at least in sections with an adhesive ( 116 ) and connects with each other.

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