DE102010046397A1 - Bullet-proof glass for use against military small caliber ammunition, is composed of a combination from transparent ceramic layer and impact resistant, transparent polyurethane layer - Google Patents

Bullet-proof glass for use against military small caliber ammunition, is composed of a combination from transparent ceramic layer and impact resistant, transparent polyurethane layer Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102010046397A1
DE102010046397A1 DE102010046397A DE102010046397A DE102010046397A1 DE 102010046397 A1 DE102010046397 A1 DE 102010046397A1 DE 102010046397 A DE102010046397 A DE 102010046397A DE 102010046397 A DE102010046397 A DE 102010046397A DE 102010046397 A1 DE102010046397 A1 DE 102010046397A1
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transparent
combination
glass
bullet
layer
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DE102010046397A
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German (de)
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Dr. Guttzeit Axel
Marc Schönpflug
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41HARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02Plate construction
    • F41H5/04Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0407Transparent bullet-proof laminatesinformative reference: layered products essentially comprising glass in general B32B17/06, e.g. B32B17/10009; manufacture or composition of glass, e.g. joining glass to glass C03; permanent multiple-glazing windows, e.g. with spacing therebetween, E06B3/66
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10064Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising at least two glass sheets, only one of which being an outer layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10119Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having a composition deviating from the basic composition of soda-lime glass, e.g. borosilicate
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2375/00Polyureas; Polyurethanes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Abstract

The bullet-proof glass is composed of a combination from transparent ceramic layer (1) and impact resistant, transparent polyurethane layer (4). A thin glass outer layer (2) is arranged on ceramic layer.

Description

Panzerglas dient in seiner Verwendung als transparentes Schutzsystem gegen äußere mechanische Einflüsse, beispielsweise bei direktem Beschuss, bei umherfliegenden Granatsplittern oder anderen schnell fliegenden Masseteilen, die eine kritische Bedrohung für Menschen oder zu schützende Objekte darstellen. Zum Aufbau von Panzerglas sind aus der Vergangenheit verschiedene Konzepte bekannt, die als Laminatsystem aus Glas und Polycarbonat aufgebaut sind. In jüngerer Zeit sind hierbei bestimmte Glasschichten im Verbund durch transparente Keramiken ersetzt worden, um die Schutzwirkung zu erhöhen und das Flächengewicht zu verringern. Um den zu schützenden Bereich hinter der Scheibe bei Glasbruch durch Beschuss vor Splitterabgang zu schützen, wird bei klassischen Konstruktionen als letzte Scheibe im Panzerglasverbund transparentes Polycarbonat eingesetzt. Alle Konstruktionen klassischer Panzerglasscheiben auf Basis von Glas haben die Gemeinsamkeit, dass sie große Flächengewichte aufweisen und sie somit sehr schwer sind.Bulletproof glass serves in its use as a transparent protection system against external mechanical influences, for example in the case of direct bombardment, in the case of flying shell fragments or other fast-moving parts of the mass, which pose a critical threat to people or objects to be protected. For the construction of bulletproof glass various concepts are known from the past, which are constructed as a laminate system of glass and polycarbonate. More recently, certain glass layers in the composite have been replaced by transparent ceramics in order to increase the protective effect and to reduce the weight per unit area. In order to protect the area to be protected behind the glass pane from shattering due to shattering glass, transparent polycarbonate is used in classic constructions as the last pane in the laminated glass composite. All constructions of classic glass-based armored glass have the common feature that they have large basis weights and are thus very heavy.

Einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Gewichtsreduktion konnten in der jüngeren Vergangenheit aufgrund ihrer Härte transparente Keramiken beisteuern, welche dünnere und leichtere Scheibenkonstruktionen ermöglichen. Transparente Keramiken werden bisher aber immer in einem Verbundsystem mit Glas kombiniert, da sie als alleinige ballistisch wirksame Komponente nicht ausreichend sind. Weiterhin nimmt ihre projektilbrechende Wirkung in Kombination mit einem Glasverbund ab einer Eigenmaterialstärke von ungefähr 8 mm nicht nennenswert zu, da Glas aufgrund geringer Zugfestigkeiten keine ausreichende Abstützung der Keramik im Fall einer mechanischen Belastung leisten kann. Ein weiterer Nachteil bestehender Konzepte besteht in der Verwendung von Polycarbonat, da dieser Werkstoff eine deutliche Veränderung seiner Werkstoffeigenschaften in Abhängigkeit der Temperatur aufweist. Bei Polycarbonat setzt eine vollständige Versprödung bei Temperaturen unter – 32°C mit gleichzeitigem Verlust der Schlagzähigkeit ein, während es bei Temperaturen oberhalb +120°C seine Formstabilität verliert. Darüber hinaus ist es nicht gegen Einwirkungen von organischen und basischen Chemikalien, beispielsweise aus Reinigungsmitteln, widerstandsfähig, welche das Polycarbonat irreversibel schädigen und als sicherheitsrelevantes Bauteil dauerhaft unbrauchbar machen. Weiterhin kann es nicht in großen Materialstärken mit ausreichenden verzerrungsfreien optischen Eigenschaften gefertigt werden, weshalb Polycarbonat aus diesem Grund in Fahrzeugscheiben nur bis ungefähr 6 mm Stärke eingesetzt werden kann.Due to their hardness, a significant contribution to weight reduction has recently been made by transparent ceramics, which enable thinner and lighter pulley constructions. However, transparent ceramics have always been combined with glass in a composite system because they are not sufficient as the sole ballistic component. Furthermore, their projectile-refractive effect in combination with a glass composite from a material thickness of about 8 mm does not appreciably increase, because glass can not afford sufficient support of the ceramic in case of mechanical stress due to low tensile strength. Another disadvantage of existing concepts is the use of polycarbonate, since this material has a significant change in its material properties as a function of temperature. For polycarbonate, complete embrittlement begins at temperatures below - 32 ° C with simultaneous loss of impact strength, while at temperatures above + 120 ° C loses its dimensional stability. In addition, it is not resistant to the effects of organic and basic chemicals, such as detergents, which irreversibly damage the polycarbonate and make it permanently unusable as a safety-relevant component. Furthermore, it can not be made in large thicknesses with sufficient distortion-free optical properties, which is why polycarbonate can be used in this way in vehicle windows only up to about 6 mm thickness.

Alle bisherigen Panzerglasscheibenkonstruktionen haben unabhängig von kleinen Modifikationen in Anordnung und Einzelmaterialstärken der eingesetzten Materialien das gemeinsame Prinzip, dass die Werkstoffe Glas und Polycarbonat mit ihren oben beschriebenen nachteiligen Eigenschaften die ballistisch wirksamen Hauptkomponenten darstellen und damit unter Einsatzbedingungen militärischer Fahrzeuge, insbesondere in Hinblick auf mögliche Temperaturextreme, an der Grenze Ihrer Leistungsfähigkeit sind.Irrespective of minor modifications in arrangement and individual material thicknesses of the materials used, all armored glass pane constructions have the common principle that the materials glass and polycarbonate with their disadvantageous properties described above represent the main components with ballistic action and thus under the operating conditions of military vehicles, in particular with regard to possible temperature extremes. are at the limit of your efficiency.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Konstruktion einer neuen Panzerglasscheibe, die die oben benannten materialspezifischen Nachteile ausschließt und eine Gewichtsreduktion gegenüber bereits bekannten Systemen ermöglicht.Object of the present invention is the construction of a new bulletproof glass, which excludes the above-mentioned material-specific disadvantages and allows weight reduction over previously known systems.

Als Lösung dieser Aufgabe werden eine transparente Keramik mit einem schlagzähen transparenten Polyurethan als ballistische Funktionsbestandteile kombiniert. Der prinzipielle Aufbau einer solchen Panzerglasscheibe ist in der angehängten Schnittzeichnung dargestellt. Bei der äußeren Deckschicht (2) handelt es sich um ein dünnes Glas, welches keine ballistische Funktion übernimmt, sondern nur eine glatte und transparente Außenfläche darstellt. Dies ist notwendig, da transparente Keramiken nur als Kacheln und nicht als ganze Scheiben verfügbar sind. Somit verhindert die äußere Glasschicht, dass sich in den Kachelfugen einer aus Kacheln aufgebauten Scheibe eventuelle Verschmutzungen ansammeln können und ermöglicht es einem Scheibenwischer auf Fahrzeugscheiben auf einer fugenlosen, glatten Fläche zu gleiten. Als erste ballistische Komponente schließt sich eine transparente Keramik (1) an. Diese bricht aufgrund ihrer großen Härte ein anfliegendes Projektil (5), während das sich anschließende schlagzähe, transparente Polyurethan (4) die entstehenden Geschoß- und Kachelfragmente auffängt, splitterlos bindet und eine Perforation des Gesamtaufbaus durch die Debris verhindert. Zur Verbindung der Komponenten können als dünne Klebeschichten (3) beispielsweise transparente thermoplastische Polyurethane, Polyvinylbutyral, transparente Silikone, transparente Epoxydklebstoffe oder ähnliche, bereits bekannte Klebstoffe eingesetzt werden. Die Materialstärken der Einzelkomponenten (2) und (4) richten sich nach den jeweiligen Anforderungen der Schutzklasse einer Panzerglasscheibe.As a solution to this problem, a transparent ceramic is combined with an impact-resistant transparent polyurethane as ballistic functional components. The basic structure of such armored glass is shown in the attached sectional drawing. In the outer cover layer ( 2 ) is a thin glass, which does not perform a ballistic function, but only a smooth and transparent outer surface. This is necessary because transparent ceramics are available only as tiles and not as entire slices. Thus, the outer glass layer prevents any dirt from accumulating in the tile joints of a tile-built disk and allows a windshield wiper to slide on vehicle windows on a seamless, smooth surface. The first ballistic component is a transparent ceramic ( 1 ) at. Due to its great hardness, it breaks a projectile ( 5 ), while the subsequent impact-resistant, transparent polyurethane ( 4 ) collects the resulting projectile and tile fragments, splinterless binds and prevents perforation of the overall structure by the debris. For the connection of the components can be used as thin adhesive layers ( 3 ), for example, transparent thermoplastic polyurethanes, polyvinyl butyral, transparent silicones, transparent epoxy adhesives or similar, already known adhesives are used. The material thicknesses of the individual components ( 2 ) and ( 4 ) comply with the respective requirements of the protection class of bulletproof glass.

Der wesentliche Vorteil zu bestehenden Panzerglaskonstruktionen besteht darin, dass Glas und Polycarbonat als Werkstoffe mit ihren oben erwähnten Nachteilen in der vorgestellten Konstruktion nicht als sicherheitsrelevante und ballistische Komponenten vorkommen, dennoch aber die volle Leistungsfähigkeit der transparenten Keramik genutzt werden kann und das Flächengewicht der neuen Konstruktion unter dem Flächengewicht klassischer Systeme liegt. Gleichzeitig wird durch die Verwendung des schlagzähen, transparenten Polyurethans das Temperaturintervall der Einsatzmöglichkeit der neuen Konstruktion deutlich über die Grenzen der klassischen Systeme erweitert.The main advantage of existing armored glass structures is that glass and polycarbonate as materials with their above-mentioned disadvantages in the presented construction do not occur as safety-related and ballistic components, but the full performance of the transparent ceramic can be used and the grammage of the new construction under the grammage of classical systems. At the same time, the use of the impact-resistant, transparent polyurethane extends the temperature range of the possible use of the new design significantly beyond the limits of classical systems.

Claims (1)

Panzerglas, insbesondere gegen militärische Kleinkalibermunition mit Hartkern oder gegen Splitterfragmente, das aus einer Kombination aus transparenter Keramik und schlagzähem, transparenten Polyurethan aufgebaut ist, um einen verbesserten ballistischen Schutz bei gleichzeitiger Gewichtsreduktion gegenüber klassischen Glassystemen bei gleichzeitig deutlich erweitertem Einsatztemperaturbereich zu erreichen.Armored glass, in particular against military small-caliber ammunition with hard core or fragment fragments, which is composed of a combination of transparent ceramic and impact-resistant, transparent polyurethane, to achieve improved ballistic protection while reducing weight compared to classic glass systems at the same time significantly extended operating temperature range.
DE102010046397A 2010-09-24 2010-09-24 Bullet-proof glass for use against military small caliber ammunition, is composed of a combination from transparent ceramic layer and impact resistant, transparent polyurethane layer Withdrawn DE102010046397A1 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016003816A1 (en) 2016-03-26 2017-09-28 Audi Ag Industrial robot with a monitoring space carried by the manipulator

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016003816A1 (en) 2016-03-26 2017-09-28 Audi Ag Industrial robot with a monitoring space carried by the manipulator

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R119 Application deemed withdrawn, or ip right lapsed, due to non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20140401