DE102010015996A1 - Locking cylinder and method for locking and unlocking a locking cylinder - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a locking cylinder (20) having a cylinder (21) and a piston (22) which can be moved relative thereto by means of a pressure medium in the axial direction (59). The piston (22) is provided with a piston thread (26) which, forming a non-self-locking thread (27), engages a spindle thread (28) of a spindle (30) which is pivotal about an axis of rotation (33) relative to the cylinder (21) is rotatable and displaceable in the axial direction relative to the cylinder. The spindle (30) is non-rotatably connected to a first locking cone surfaces (51) having, self-locking, first clamping cone body whose locking cone surfaces (51) with second locking cone surfaces (52) of a second self-locking clamping cone body (54) are self-locking clamped. The invention also relates to a method for the rotationally fixed frictional locking of a spindle (30) and to a method for unlocking a rotatably and frictionally locked spindle (30).

Description

The The invention relates to a locking cylinder, a method for Locking a locking cylinder and a method for Unlocking a locking cylinder, in particular according to the The preambles of claims 1, 10 and 11.

Such locking cylinders seem, for example, from the DE-OS 20 39 296 and from the DE 196 33 412 A1 to have become known in the form of frictionally locking working cylinders. In these working cylinders, a frictional locking of a spindle rotatable relative to a cylinder can take place by means of friction rings in the manner of a friction brake. In the case of failure of the hydraulic system or in the event of leakage, the spindle is automatically locked by friction solely by gravity and supported by the load acting on the piston, ie by frictional engagement. To unlock the friction rings a friction ring of the friction rings can be lifted together with the spindle using a practicable via a fluid pressure medium pressure from the other friction ring in the axial direction, so that then the spindle is rotatable about its axis of rotation relative to the cylinder, which then with the spindle coupled piston is movable in the axial direction. The safety of this cylinder against unlocking and consequently against a decrease in the load is limited by design.

It are also other working cylinders with integrated friction Hub brake known, the axially movable brake body include, which due to a constantly acting on this Spring force of one or more springs a deceleration and thereby cause conditional stop a piston. These brake bodies may be under the action of a fluid Pressure medium on this in a direction against the spring force the spring / n solved or in the axial direction of the counter-brake bodies be lifted off, so that then a displacement of the piston relative to the cylinder is possible. All these cylinders are comparatively complex in the production and in the Construction and design requires comparatively lots of space.

Such a cylinder is for example from the DE 297 20 838 U1 known. In this case, a spindle is rotatably supported at its one end via two thrust bearings about its axis of rotation relative to a cylinder in such a way that it is clamped secured to one of the thrust bearing against axial displacement. The other thrust bearing supports a rotatably mounted on the spindle rotary cone with outer cone, which is braked via a rotatably mounted on the cylinder and used as a lifting brake, axially displaceable against the spring force of a spring, conical brake piston with inner cone. This braking device allows only a frictional braking of the spindle and consequently of this coupled via the self-locking spindle thread piston. The braking force exerted by the compression spring remains the same regardless of the load to be moved by means of the piston, so that this working cylinder is only suitable for lifting or lowering comparatively light loads, but not for moving heavy loads, without any significant loss of security comes.

Other working cylinders of this type are for example from DE 38 31 459 A1 and from the US 6,612,221 B1 known. These working cylinders are linear actuators whose pistons are fastened to a piston rod in a thread-free manner or secured against axial movement relative to the piston rod. These cylinders also comprise conical brake bodies, which are constantly acted upon by the spring forces of one or more springs, whereby a frictional locking of the piston relative to the cylinder is achievable. These brake bodies can be released by the action of pressure forces of a fluid pressure medium against the spring forces of the springs.

In case of DE 38 31 459 A1 the conical surfaces of a clamping cone designed as an outer cone and forming part of the piston act on the conical surfaces of a plurality of clamping tongues of a spreader ring, each of which is provided with an inner cone and elastically deformable in the radial direction. These are spaced apart uniformly distributed over the circumference and also form part of the piston. The nons away from the respective Innenko cylindrical outer surfaces of the clamping tongues facing the cylindrical inner surfaces of a cylinder jacket of a cylinder housing. At rest, the clamping tongues are urged by the spring force of disc springs in the radial direction outwards pressed against the cylinder jacket. By this widening of the expansion tongues a frictional clamping between the clamping tongues and the cylinder housing is effected, whereby the cylinder housing and the piston and thus also the piston rod are frictionally coupled with each other. This construction is complex and not suitable for lifting or lowering large loads.

In case of US 6,612,221 B1 a tubular conical clamping element with outer cone is provided on a piston rod, which is fixed to a cylinder and which is intended to frictionally cooperate with the outer surface of a piston rod. On this clamping element is received a straight, extending in the axial direction ball bearing. In this ball bearing in turn a flange-shaped brake actuating body is added, which is constantly acted upon by the spring force of a plurality of compression springs in the axial direction such that in the idle state, the piston rod is frictionally locked to the cylinder. The ball bearing serves to reduce the friction between the brake actuating body and the clamping element, so that it can come in this area to no jamming. Also, this cylinder is comparatively complex in design and manufacture and security against unlocking is limited, so that this cylinder is not suitable for lifting and / or lowering large loads.

From the DE 10 2007 024 736 A1 the applicant is a mechanically lockable pressure lock cylinder with one-sided Fluidgleitlagerung known. In this locking cylinder a plurality of axially displaceable locking bolts are provided, which can intervene due to the spring forces of these locking bolts associated compression springs in the recess provided with locking recesses on a spindle rotatably mounted flange-shaped approach. Thereby, a rotation of the spindle in a rotational direction with the formation of a positive locking can be blocked, while the spindle remains rotatable in the other rotational direction about its axis of rotation relative to the cylinder. For receiving axial forces acting in the load direction on the spindle, the flange-shaped projection is formed with a cylindrical and coaxial with the axis of rotation of the spindle formed support and bearing body which extends in the axial direction to the cylinder bottom of the cylinder and at its cylinder bottom side end Having a normal to the axis of rotation of the spindle formed flat support and bearing surface. This support and bearing surface is opposite to a likewise flat counter-support and bearing surface of a plain bearing disc, which is supported on the cylinder base. The support and bearing surface and the counter-support and -lagerfläche may form a fluid fluid pressurizable hydrostatic fluid bearing. The flange-shaped approach is based on its side facing away from the locking recesses on a needle bearing, which also serves to support the spindle. The locking security of this locking cylinder meets high demands even with large loads and / or high piston speed. However, this locking cylinder is accordingly elaborately constructed and also requires a corresponding amount of production time and costs.

It is accordingly an object of the invention, a Locking cylinder and a method of locking and a Method for unlocking a locking cylinder available to put that in comparatively easier, space-saving and Robust construction and at comparatively less expensive Manufacturability, yet, even at high loads, one high operational reliability over a long time.

These Task is in a surprisingly simple way in particular solved by the features of claims 1, 10 and 11.

Accordingly, the invention preferably relates to a locking cylinder having a cylinder and a piston which, by means of a fluid pressure means which can be supplied to a working channel or both sides of the piston via a working channel or both sides of the piston via these sides, is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder in a first direction and in a second direction opposite to the first direction is movable, and which is provided with a piston thread, the formation of a non-self-locking thread with a spindle thread frictionally, ie non-positively by friction and, preferably exclusively, by gravity, in particular acting on the piston Load, automatically or automatically, preferably without drive, in particular without the action or support of force accumulators, such as springs, lockable spindle is engaged, which is arranged about a parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder axis of rotation e is rotatable relative to the cylinder and axially displaceable relative to the cylinder in the axial direction or parallel to its axis of rotation, preferably only slightly, wherein at least two locking-supporting bodies which can be converted into a mutual frictional locking engagement are provided, which are intended frictionally locking the spindle against rotation about its axis of rotation and receiving axial forces acting on the spindle in the second direction, preferably such that the spindle is locked in the locked state against movement in the second direction on the cylinder, at least one first Locking support body of the lock-support body rotatably, preferably rigidly connected to the spindle or is attached to the spindle and wherein at least a second lock-supporting body of the lock-supporting body rotationally fixed, preferably rigidly, with the Cylinder connected or befes the cylinder is supported, and wherein the spindle is mounted on at least two, preferably axially spaced, thrust bearings, of which a first thrust bearing is intended to receive in the first direction acting on the spindle axial forces, and of which a second thrust bearing is intended to take in the second direction acting on the spindle axial forces, and wherein the spindle verbun with a first bearing body or is formed, which has a first bearing surface, which is a second bearing surface of a rotationally fixed, preferably rigidly connected to the cylinder or attached to the cylinder second bearing body, preferably the cylinder base, opposite, and wherein the first bearing surface of the first bearing body and the second bearing surface of the second bearing body forming the second thrust bearing, which is designed as a, preferably hydrostatic, fluid bearings, which is acted upon by a first fluid channel with or with the fluid pressure medium or, and wherein the first locking Support body is designed as a first locking conical surfaces having self-locking or self-locking, first clamping cone body and wherein the second locking support body as a second locking cone surfaces having, self-locking or self-locking, second clamping cone body designed sin d, and wherein the locking cone surfaces of the clamping cone body are clamped together self-locking or self-locking jammed.

With other words, the clamp-cone body, when their locking cone surfaces abut each other, self-locking by frictional friction with one another be clamped or can the clamping cone body, when their locking cone surfaces are put together be frictionally by self-locking friction with each other be jammed.

By the above measures is or will be a frictional self-locking clamping lock of the spindle against rotation about its axis of rotation relative to the cylinder as well as against movement or displacement of the spindle or the rotatably coupled with this first Clamp-cone body in the axial direction or in one direction can be reached or reached parallel to the axis of rotation of the spindle.

The Clamp-cone bodies may preferably be frustoconical be designed. At least one of the clamp cone bodies, In particular, the first clamping cone body can with a or designed as a conical disk or truncated cone disk.

Of the Locking cylinder may preferably a hollow piston or a Piston nut, with an internal thread, in combination with a spindle with have an external thread. It goes without saying, that the locking cylinder alternatively also a hollow spindle or a spindle nut, with an external thread, in combination having a piston with an external thread.

Of the Locking cylinder may preferably be a relative to the cylinder rotatably mounted threaded spindle in conjunction with a rotationally fixed mounted on the cylinder spindle nut, in particular be combined with a threaded piston, the or with a driven out of the cylinder drive body, in particular a piston rod, can be connected. alternative can also in kinematic reversal of the locking cylinder a non-rotatable threaded spindle and a rotatably mounted spindle nut, in particular a threaded piston.

Of the Locking cylinder according to the invention can be particularly easy and inexpensive in space-saving and extra robust construction can be made and offers due to the per se self-locking clamp locking or jamming a comparably high operational safety in all expected operating states, So not only in normal operation, but also when overloads occur and / or in case of any pressure loss or any Leakage. In contrast to those known from the prior art frictionally engaged locking or braking structures is according to the invention, a per se self-locking Locking the spindle against rotation about its Rotary axis reached or achieved relative to the cylinder, so also already without drive or load related forces the spindle would be initiated. In other words Thus, according to the invention, a double or 2-fold self-locking locking of the spindle relative to the cylinder be achieved.

In contrast, the lock cylinder according to the prior art, including the above-mentioned, from the DE-OS 20 39 296 and from the DE 196 33 412 A1 have become known constructions with a gravitational or by acting on the spindle in particular by the load to be moved threaded threaded force automatically locking construction, which have so far a self-locking acting axial anti-friction bearings. However, it is already in these constructions that the braking force proportionally increases with increasing load. Independently of this, however, the construction according to the invention offers considerable advantages over the prior art, as already mentioned above.

According to the Invention can be a particularly large negative at standstill Efficiency can be realized, ensuring the safety of self-locking compared to the structures known from the prior art can be increased.

It can preferably be provided that the first locking support body and the first La gerkörper are integrally connected or manufactured and / or form a, preferably common, first locking support and bearing body and / or that the second locking support body and the second bearing body are integrally connected or manufactured and / or a , preferably common, second locking support and bearing body form. As a result, an even more simplified, compact and robust construction in conjunction with a particularly simple cost-effective production can be achieved.

In Inventive training can be provided be that the first locking support and bearing body having as a first locking cone surfaces, self-locking or self-locking, first clamping cone body is formed and that the second locking support and bearing body as a second locking cone surfaces having, self-locking or self-locking, second clamping cone body is trained. As a result, the above-described Achieve particular benefits.

According to one Particularly preferred embodiment can be provided that the first locking cone surfaces of the first clamping cone body form a first angle of inclination with the axis of rotation of the spindle and that the second locking cone surfaces of the second clamping cone body with the longitudinal axis of the cylinder or with the axis of rotation form the spindle a second angle of inclination, wherein the first Inclination angle and the second inclination angle is the same, preferably in each case four to ten or thirteen, in particular four to seven degrees, preferably six to seven degrees. In this way, in conjunction with favorable material pairings always a frictionally characterized by static friction Clamp connection between the clamp cone bodies in conjunction with a self-locking or in conjunction with a negative efficiency of Connection can be achieved per se. In contrast, it has shown in elaborate experiments that dependent of the chosen seemingly appropriate material pairings of Cone bodies whose inclination angle each larger is achieved as 10 to 13 degrees, no self-locking clamp connection becomes.

According to one advantageous development can be provided that the first Clamp cone body with or as an outer cone is formed and that the second clamping cone body with one or as an inner cone is formed. It goes without saying however, that alternatively the first pinch-cone body as well may be formed with one or as an inner cone and that the second clamping cone body also with one or as a External cone can be formed.

Further can be provided that the first clamping cone body tapered towards the axis of rotation of the spindle and in Direction away from the piston or to a cylinder bottom of the cylinder tapered and / or that the first clamping cone body tapered toward the axis of rotation of the spindle and towards tapered towards the piston or away from the cylinder bottom.

Further can be provided that the first locking cone surfaces of the first clamping cone body in the area or on the in the direction of the piston away or to a or the cylinder bottom the cylinder facing side are arranged and that the second Locking conical surfaces of the second clamping cone body in the area or on the direction towards the piston or from The cylinder bottom facing away side are arranged and / or that the first locking cone surfaces of the first clamping cone body in the area or on the direction of the piston or from the cylinder bottom facing away side are arranged and that the second locking cone surfaces of the second clamping cone body in the area or on the direction away from the piston or to The cylinder bottom side facing are arranged.

In Advantageous development can be provided that the first Clamp-cone body one end of the spindle, preferably a cylinder bottom end of the spindle, forming. In other words may be an end of the spindle, preferably the cylinder bottom side End of the spindle, with or as the first clamping cone body be educated. This makes a particularly easy and inexpensive manufacturable as well as compact and robust construction possible.

Further can be provided that the second bearing body with a or as a cylinder bottom of the cylinder or with the or as the Cylinder bottom of the cylinder is formed and / or that the second Bearing body than, preferably in one piece with the cylinder connected or produced, in particular radially and transversely to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder or to the axis of rotation of the Spindle extending, approach is formed between the first Clamping cone body and the piston is arranged.

Further can be provided that the first clamping cone body over the first thrust bearing on the fixed, preferably rigid, with the cylinder connected approach or stored on one or the cylinder bottom is.

Further can be provided that it is at the first thrust bearing a rolling bearing, in particular a needle bearing, preferably to a ring bearing and / or one with a or the fluid pressure medium acted upon or acted upon, preferably hydrostatic, Fluid plain bearing is. In other words, so can both the first thrust bearing and the second thrust bearing as one, preferably be designed hydrostatic fluid bearing. Thereby can be a more cost-effective and more robust as well as space-saving Construction can be achieved, up to a construction, at the inventive locking cylinder not only on pressure or only on train is lockable, but both on pressure as well as on train.

From It may be particularly advantageous that the first clamping cone body at least partially in a recess, in particular in Chamber, the cylinder, preferably one or the cylinder bottom of the cylinder, which is on the one hand by a Cylinder bottom of the cylinder and on the other hand by one, preferably in one piece associated with the cylinder or produced, in particular itself radially and transversely to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder or to the axis of rotation of the spindle extending, approach is limited. Thereby can still be simpler and comparatively space-saving As well as robust construction an advantageous basis for a particularly preferred control of the locking and / or Lifting be created.

This is especially true when the approach between the first cone-clamping body and the piston arranged is.

These Advantages and additionally particularly advantageous pressure conditions can be achieved by the first clamping cone body at least partially in a recess, in particular a chamber, the cylinder, preferably one or the cylinder bottom of the cylinder, is received, in which the first fluid channel on a first side of the first clamping cone body opens, the to the axis of rotation of the spindle inclined first locking cone surfaces assigned. In other words, the first fluid channel on the one Be arranged side of the first clamping cone body, too the one or the first locking cone surfaces tend to tilt.

A Further improvement in terms of the above advantages can thereby be achieved in that recess on one of the first Side of the first clamping cone body pointing away second Side of the first clamping cone body, preferably immediately adjacent to the first locking cone surfaces of the first clamping cone body, a second fluid channel opens, and wherein in the locked state in which the clamping cone bodies abut each other, the first fluid channel and the second fluid channel by a first locking cone surfaces containing Part of the first clamping cone body separated from each other, especially sealed against each other.

Further can be provided that a second fluid channel or the second Fluid channel immediately adjacent to the first locking cone surfaces of the first clamping cone body opens into the recess.

A particularly advantageous pressure distribution can be achieved thereby in that the first fluid channel or the second fluid channel in one of Rotary axis of the spindle containing or cutting area of Recess and the fluid bearing opens.

From It may be particularly advantageous if the recess is replaced by a Seal against the piston or against a or the working chamber is sealed, between the cylinder and the piston is formed and that of the first clamping cone body facing side of the piston, possibly also of the second bearing body and / or from the approach, is limited and in which the working channel opens. As a result, the operability and reliability be achieved or increased to a special degree.

In similar Way this can be achieved alternatively or additionally be that the first fluid channel and / or the second fluid channel opposite a working chamber or between the Cylinder and the piston is formed and that of the first Clamping cone body facing side of the piston, if necessary also from the second bearing body and / or from the approach, is limited and in which the working channel opens through one or the seal is sealed or are.

From particular advantage may be, if the seal at one between the first clamping cone body and the spindle thread and / or the piston arranged unthreaded part of the spindle is applied and on the second bearing body and / or on the neck supported.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, it can be provided that the recess, viewed in a cross section containing the longitudinal axis of the cylinder or the axis of rotation of the spindle and viewed parallel to the longitudinal axis or to the axis of rotation, has a T-shaped cross section. As a result, both from a functional point of view and from a safety point of view, a locking cylinder that operates in a particularly precise manner and locks particularly securely can be used to realize that. The first clamping cone body and the second clamping cone body or the at least partially limited by this recess may preferably be designed rotationally symmetrical. The first clamping cone body can be designed rotationally symmetrical to the axis of rotation of the spindle and the second clamping cone body and / or at least partially limited recess can be designed rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder or to the axis of rotation of the spindle ,

A further simplified, space-saving and robust construction can be achieved in that the first thrust bearing and / or the second thrust bearing arranged in the recess and / or with the Recess limiting wall parts is formed.

A further improved construction can be realized thereby that the first thrust bearing between the first clamping cone body and the second bearing body and / or the approach arranged is and / or that the second thrust bearing between the first clamping cone body and the approach is arranged.

Especially advantageous storage and support conditions can be achieved in that the first thrust bearing at least partially stored in a bearing groove of the recess or with a bearing groove the recess is formed or limited.

For a functionally reliable operation of the locking cylinder can it will be of particular advantage if the first storage area of the first clamping cone body, in a projection perpendicular to considered the axis of rotation of the spindle, ie in a parallel to the axis of rotation of the spindle extending projection direction, larger is as a spindle surface of the spindle, which is located on the through the seal of the first pinch-cone body at least partially receiving recess sealed side the seal is located and in, preferably directly or indirectly, Fluid communication with one or the working chamber is, preferably with the pressure medium located in one or the working chamber is applied, which is formed between the cylinder and the piston and from the side facing the first clamp cone body of the piston. possibly also from one or the second bearing body and / or the approach is limited and in which the working channel opens.

alternative or additionally, it may be provided that the with the fluid pressure medium acted upon or acted upon first bearing surface of the first clamping cone body an outer diameter and that the seal has an inner diameter, wherein the outer diameter of the first bearing surface is larger, preferably much larger is, as the inner diameter of the seal or as the outer diameter of the unthreaded part of the spindle against which the seal abuts and / or is in fluid communication with the working chamber. Thereby can the above-mentioned advantages also reach or further improve.

A for many or even all expected operating conditions suitable axial bearing of the rotatable spindle, d. H. in every phase and in any position, even in the event of failure of the hydraulics or in case of leakage, can be achieved if the fluid plain bearing during a movement of the piston both in the first Direction as well as in the second direction and / or during a, preferably arbitrary, rotation of the spindle about its axis of rotation, preferably also in the course or during the stopping of the piston, especially in any holding position of the piston, with the fluid pressure medium is acted upon or is that the clamping cone bodies are detached from each other, in particular are so lifted apart that their locking cone surfaces Do not touch, preferably so that the spindle unlocks is.

A Particularly advantageous unlocking the self-locking and frictionally engaged can be locked by static friction clamp cone body be achieved in that at least one of the clamping cone body from a locking position in which the locking cone surfaces the clamping cone body frictionally by static friction are connected to each other self-locking or jammed, are, preferably exclusively, by applying the hydrostatic Fluid plain bearing with the fluid pressure medium, in particular under increased pressure, in one, preferably a rotation of the Spindle about its axis of rotation relative to the cylinder enabling Unlocked position can be transferred or transferred become. That way, it's possible to do that first self-locking clamp-cone body locked at least so far in the axial direction to solve each other, that basically a rotation of the spindle relative to the cylinder and thus therefore an unlocking of the spindle can be reached, wherein still one frictional connection between the corresponding Can be maintained clamping cone bodies or can be. consequently So can the friction between the corresponding clamping cone bodies also be stepped or continuously regulated.

Furthermore, it can be provided that at least one of the clamping cone body from a locking position in which the locking cone surfaces of the clamping cone body by frictionally Stiction with each other are self-locking connected or jammed, preferably exclusively, by an application of the hydrostatic fluid bearing with the fluid pressure medium, preferably under elevated pressure, in a, preferably a rotation of the spindle about its axis of rotation relative to the cylinder enabling, lifting and Unlocked be transferred position in which the clamping cone bodies are lifted from each other, so that their locking cone surfaces no longer touch. Consequently, in this way, a complete unlocking of the corresponding clamping cone body can be realized, so that then takes place between the corresponding clamping cone bodies virtually no friction, you see once of the usually negligible friction by between the Clamp-cone bodies available pressure medium.

According to one preferred embodiment of the invention can be provided that in a housing, preferably in one in the area of Thrust bearing and / or cylinder bottom of the cylinder or in the Cylinder bottom provided end housing, fluid channels or flow and connection channels and a Control unit forming control and / or regulatory bodies between Connection lines or holes for one alternately Supply or discharge of the pressure medium and fluid channels or lines to both sides of the piston provided working chambers and are arranged to the fluid sliding bearing. Received by these measures a very compact unit. By integrating the control unit, can external control and / or regulating bodies together with the associated, eliminate damage to susceptible lines or they are not needed. The mounting security is improved Einm at the same time reduced installation costs.

According to one Particularly preferred development can be provided that the, preferably all, control and / or regulating members of the control unit Eigenmediumbetätigt or self-medium controlled by the pressure medium are or will be. That way you get one more space-saving, robust and even more cost-effective producible construction. Preferably may be on electrical lines completely dispensed with. The locking cylinder may preferably exclusively by means of a pump for the pressure medium via be operated safely for a long time.

According to one particularly preferred embodiment of the invention can be provided be that between a fluidically connected to a first working chamber first working channel and a second fluid channel, in particular a or the return or discharge channel, a means for limiting the pressure and / or flow of the pressure medium over or by or in a passageway between the first working channel and the second fluid passage depending on the pressure in one with a second working chamber fluid-connected second working channel, is arranged, wherein the first working chamber of a first side assigned to the piston, preferably limited by this, and in the, in particular second, direction of an axial movement of the Piston parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder or parallel to the axis of rotation of the spindle considered behind or after the piston is arranged, and wherein the second working chamber of a second Assigned side of the piston, preferably limited by this, is and, viewed in the said direction, arranged in front of the piston is. As a result, depending on the pressure of the pressure medium in a working chamber, the pressure of the pressure medium in a on the controlled side of the piston working chamber so controlled or regulated, that always formed a sufficient back pressure is, so that an uncontrolled axial movement, in particular a uncontrolled leading, the piston and therefore the piston rod as well the load can be avoided or prevented.

at said means may be a Senkbremsventil or order act a load-holding lowering brake valve. This can be preferred with a control channel fluidly connected to the second working chamber for controlling a pressure in the second working chamber coupled counteracting back pressure in the first working chamber or be fluidly connected. This can cause an uncontrolled axial movement, in particular a lead, the piston in or, in particular second, direction avoided or prevented. Connected in parallel to such means or parallel to the input and output Such a lowering brake valve or load-holding brake valve can preferably means for shutting off a passageway in one Flow direction and to release the passageway provided in an opposite flow direction be. Such an agent may preferably be a Check valve act.

It may preferably be provided that a means for releasing a first passageway between the fluid channel and a first connection channel of the connection channels and for, preferably substantially simultaneously, blocking a second passageway between a fluid channel fluidly connected to the fluid bearing fluid channel and two mutually serving as a flow channel or return channel connection channels between the fluid channel and a second connection channel of the connection channels or for releasing the second passageway between the fluid channel and the second connection channel and, preferably substantially simultaneously, shut off the first passageway between the fluid channel and the first connection channel is arranged. Such a means may preferably be a shuttle valve and / or such means may be formed with double check valves. This allows an even more compact and robust construction to be achieved in conjunction with long term safe operation.

According to one particularly preferred embodiment of the invention can be provided be that between a first fluid channel, which then when the Lock support body or the clamping cone body are jammed together, compared to the fluid bearing fluid-connected fluid channel is shut off and then when the Lock support body or the clamping cone body from each other abge lifted are fluidly connected to the fluid channel, and a second fluid channel, with one or the working chamber, preferably is fluidly connected to one or the second working chamber, the between the piston and a free end of the spindle associated Lid of the cylinder is arranged, fluid-connected, a means for If necessary or switchable shut off or release or for If necessary, throttling or releasing a passageway between the first fluid channel and the second fluid channel, is arranged. Such an agent may preferably be a shut-off device. or through valve or to a throttle / passage change valve, in particular to act as a 2-2-way valve. This may be preferred with a Switching or actuating channel coupled or fluid-connected be on the case of its application to the pressure medium Switching from a passage position to a blocking position or be achieved by a passage position in a throttle position can. This allows even safer operation of the invention Locking cylinder can be realized.

The invention preferably also relates to a method for non-rotatably frictional locking of a rotatable about a rotation axis spindle one, preferably one or more of the above features, in particular the features of at least one claim of claims 1 to 9 and / or the features of the characterizing parts of at least one claim of Claims 1 to 9, comprising a locking cylinder, against rotation about its axis of rotation relative to a cylinder of the locking cylinder having a piston, which by means of a one side of the piston via a working channel or both sides of the piston via these sides associated working channels to be driven fluid Pressure medium is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder in a first direction and in a second direction opposite to the first direction movable, and which is provided with a piston thread, forming a non-self-locking thread with a spindle thread the frictionally, ie non-positively by friction, preferably exclusively, in particular by gravity, preferably by a load acting on the piston, automatically or automatically, preferably without drive, in particular without the action or support of force accumulators, such as springs, lockable spindle is engaged, the about its arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder axis of rotation relative to the cylinder and rotatable relative to the cylinder in the axial direction or parallel to its axis of rotation, preferably only slightly, axially displaceable, wherein at least two in a mutual frictional locking engagement convertible locking support body are provided, which are intended to lock the spindle frictionally against rotation about its axis of rotation and to take in the second direction acting on the spindle axial forces, preferably such that the spindle in the locked state against a Movement in the second direction secured to the cylinder is supported, wherein at least a first locking-supporting body of the locking-support body rotationally fixed, preferably rigidly connected to the spindle or is attached to the spindle and wherein at least a second locking Support body of the locking support body rotationally fixed, preferably rigidly connected to the cylinder or is attached to the cylinder, and wherein the spindle is mounted on at least two, preferably axially spaced, thrust bearings, of which a first thrust bearing intended is to receive in the first direction acting on the spindle axial forces, and of which a second thrust bearing is intended to receive in the second direction acting on the spindle axial forces, and wherein the spindle is connected or formed with a first bearing body, which is a first Has bearing surface, the second bearing surface of a rotationally fixed, preferably rigid, is connected to the cylinder or attached to this second bearing body, preferably the cylinder base, opposite, and wherein the first bearing surface of the first bearing body and the second bearing surface of the second bearing body form the second thrust bearing designed as a, preferably hydrostatic, fluid bearings is, which is acted upon by a first fluid passage with or with the fluid pressure medium, and wherein at least one of the locking-supporting body of a rotation of the spindle about its axis of rotation relative to the cylinder enabling unlocking position, preferably in one or the axial direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the spindle or to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, transferred to a locking position, preferably displaced, is in which the locking support body frictionally by static friction and thus with each other self-locking jammed that you can be transferred only under exercise of the clamping solving dissolving forces in the unlocked position. By such a method, a particularly simple and secure locking of the spindle and consequently of the piston relative to the cylinder can be achieved.

In Development of this method can be advantageously provided that at least one of the locking support body from an unlocking position in which the spindle is around its Rotary axis relative to the cylinder substantially unhindered or is freely rotatable, preferably in one or the axial direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the spindle or to the longitudinal axis of the Cylinder, transferred to the locking position in which the locking support body frictionally by static friction and thus with each other are self-locking jammed that you only under exercise of the deadlock loosening forces can be converted into the unlocked position. are, in which the spindle about its axis of rotation relative to the cylinder is substantially unhindered or freely rotatable.

Further can be provided that the locking cone surfaces comprising locking support body of a Lift-off and unlocking position, in which the locking support body are lifted apart from each other so that their locking cone surfaces are not touch, preferably in one or the axial direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the spindle or to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, transferred to an investment and locking position in which the locking cone surfaces of the Latch support body abut each other and frictionally by static friction rotatably and so Interlocked with each other self-locking, you are only exercising from the deadlock release separating forces in the Lift-off and unlocking position can be transferred are.

The invention preferably also relates to a method for unlocking a non-rotatably and frictionally engaged, ie non-positively by friction, in particular by gravity, preferably by a load acting on the piston, automatically or automatically, preferably without drive, in particular without the action or support of energy stores, such as springs , against rotation about its axis of rotation relative to a cylinder one, preferably one or more of the above features, in particular the features of at least one claim of claims 1 to 9 and / or the features of the characterizing portions of at least one claim of claims 1 to 9 having Locking cylinder, locked spindle of the locking cylinder, which has a piston which, with the aid of a one side of the piston via a working channel or both sides of the piston via these sides associated working channels fluid pressure medium parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder is movable in a first direction and in a second direction opposite to the first direction, and which is provided with a piston thread which engages to form a non-self-locking thread with a spindle thread of the spindle, in the unlocked state to their Is arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder axis of rotation relative to the cylinder and rotatable relative to the cylinder in the axial direction or parallel to its axis of rotation, preferably only slightly, axially displaceable, wherein at least two locking support body are provided by means of which the spindle in locked state is frictionally locked against rotation about its axis of rotation relative to the cylinder, wherein the locking support body in the second direction acting on the spindle axial forces absorb, preferably such that the spindle secured in the locked state against movement in the second direction on the cylinder is supported, wherein the locking-support body can be converted into an unlocked position in which the spindle is rotatable about its axis of rotation relative to the cylinder, and wherein at least a first locking-supporting body of the locking-supporting body rotationally fixed, preferably rigid is connected to the spindle or attached to the spindle and wherein at least a second locking-supporting body of the locking-supporting body rotationally fixed, preferably rigidly connected to the cylinder or is attached to the cylinder, and wherein the spindle at least two, preferably axially spaced, thrust bearings is mounted, of which a first thrust bearing is intended to receive in the first direction acting on the spindle axial forces, and of which a second thrust bearing is intended to acting in the second direction on the spindle To absorb axial forces, and wherein the spindle is connected or formed with a first bearing body t, which is intended to receive in the second direction acting on the spindle axial forces and having a first bearing surface, the second bearing surface of a rotationally fixed, preferably rigidly connected to the cylinder or attached thereto second bearing body, preferably the cylinder base, is opposite, and wherein the first bearing surface of the first bearing body and the second bearing surface of the second bearing body form the second thrust bearing, which is designed as a, preferably hydrostatic, fluid bearings, which acted upon via a first fluid channel with one or with the fluid pressure medium or at least one of the locking-supporting bodies from a locking position in which the locking-supporting bodies frictionally by friction and thus with are clamped self-locking that they only under exercise of the clamping release solving forces, preferably in one or the axial direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the spindle or to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, in a rotation of the spindle about its axis of rotation relative to the cylinder permitting unlocking position can be transferred, transferred to the unlocked position, preferably moved, is. As a result, a clamping connection according to the invention can be particularly easily released or unlocked.

The Unlocking can be achieved in a particularly simple manner be that the locking-supporting body of the locking position in which they frictionally through Stiction are clamped together self-locking, preferably exclusively, by applying the hydrostatic Fluid plain bearing with the fluid pressure medium under elevated Pressure, preferably in one or the axial direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the spindle or to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, in a one rotation of the spindle about its axis of rotation relative to the Cylinder enabling unlocking position transferred be transferred or in an unlocked position in which the spindle is substantially unhindered relative to the cylinder or is freely rotatable.

Further can be provided that the locking cone surfaces having locking-supporting body of the Locking position in which they frictional by static friction clamped together self-locking, preferably exclusively, by acting on the hydrostatic fluid bearing with the fluid pressure medium under elevated pressure, preferably in one or the axial direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the spindle or to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, in one, preferably a rotation of the spindle about its axis of rotation relative to the cylinder enabling, lifting and unlocking position transferred in which the locking support body voneinan the lifted, so that their locking cone surfaces do not touch anymore.

According to one very particularly preferred implementation of the unlocking process can be provided that, preferably with the help of a Control device, first the fluid sliding bearing with the pressure medium is applied to a rotation of the spindle about its axis of rotation relative to the cylinder and / or around Lifting the locking support body or the clamping cone body from the locking position in which they are frictionally engaged are stuck together by static friction, in a lifting and To unlock position to effect, in which the locking support body or the clamping cone bodies are lifted off each other, so that their locking cone surfaces at least partially not touch, and that only afterwards the pressure medium is supplied to a working chamber, the one Assigned side of the piston, preferably limited by this, is either a movement of the piston in an axial direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder or parallel to allow the axis of rotation of the spindle to assist or causing or causing a movement of the piston in the axial direction enables, supports or effects. A Such procedure has particular advantages when the piston or the piston rod axially, in particular in the direction of a to be moved Load, to be moved, in particular to an operational Minimize wear or even at all To allow axial movement of the piston or the piston rod.

In Particularly preferred development may be the fluid bearing via first one or the fluid channel or Zulei tion channel acted upon by the pressure medium be, thereby lifting the locking support body or the clamping cone body, from the locking position, in which they frictionally by friction with each other are clamped, in a lift-off and unlocked, causes in which the locking support body or the clamping cone bodies at least partially from each other are raised so that their locking cone surfaces at least partially not touch and thereby one Passageway or gap between and along the in the off Condition opposite locking cone surfaces opened or trained, with one or the Fluid channel or discharge channel is fluidly connected, preferably via one or the working channel, fluidly connected to the working chamber is or will, so that the piston with the by the fluid or Discharge channel fed into the working chamber or flowing Pressure medium is applied, either to a movement of the piston in an axial direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder or parallel to the axis of rotation of the spindle, to assist or cause or a movement of the Piston in the axial direction allows supported or is effected. This can be particularly compact and cost effective Construction a particularly safe operation can be realized.

In Particularly advantageous development can be provided that the locking support body as a self-locking or self-locking clamping cone body are designed.

According to the invention it can also be provided that a plurality of first clamping cone bodies, preferably of two first clamping cone bodies rotatably ver with the spindle ver are attached to the spindle and that one, preferably numerically corresponding, plurality of second clamping cone bodies, preferably of two second clamping cone bodies, rotatably connected to the cylinder or fixed to the cylinder. Furthermore, it can be provided that the first clamping cone bodies are designed and manufactured in one piece as a clamping double cone body. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the first clamping cone body and / or that the second clamping cone body is or are each designed as a clamping double-cone body. By the above measures, a locking cylinder can be realized, which is lockable both on pressure and on train in the manner according to the invention. Preferably, the clamping double-conical body or bodies may be formed symmetrically to an axis or plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the spindle or perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder. Furthermore, it can be provided that the clamping cone body, in particular of the clamping double-cone body, are each designed as an outer cone or as an inner cone. The locking conical surfaces of the clamping cone body, in particular of the clamping double-cone body, with the axis of rotation of the spindle or with the longitudinal axis of the cylinder may form a different large inclination angle or preferably an equal tilt angle , The locking conical surfaces of the clamping cone bodies, in particular of the respective clamping double-cone body, may point in the same or preferably in different directions. The locking cone surfaces of the clamping cone bodies, preferably a first clamping double cone body, may face away from each other and the locking cone surfaces of the clamping cone body, preferably a second clamping double cone Body, can face each other or face each other.

alternative can be provided that the locking cone surfaces the clamping cone body, preferably a first clamping double cone body, facing each other or can be opposite and that the locking cone surfaces of the clamping cone bodies, preferably a second clamping double cone body, can point away from each other.

It It is understood that the above features are within the scope of executability individually or in any combination can be combined are.

Further Features, advantages and aspects of the invention will be apparent from the following description part, in the two preferred embodiments the invention are described with reference to the figures.

It demonstrate:

1 a pressure-lockable locking cylinder according to the invention in a longitudinal cross-section in a partially schematized representation;

2 a lockable lock cylinder according to the invention in a longitudinal cross section in a partially schematic representation;

3 a pressure lockable lock cylinder in a view according to 1 with a schematic representation of an integrated control unit;

4 a lockable on train locking cylinder in a view according to 2 , with a schematic representation of an integrated control unit.

In 1 is a pressure-lockable locking cylinder 20 and in 2 is a lockable on train locking cylinder 120 each illustrated in a longitudinal cross section. Identical components, elements and directional arrows are provided with the same reference numerals. Different components, elements and arrows are in the lockable on train locking cylinder 120 with 100-numerals, while corresponding components, elements and arrows in the pressure-lockable locking cylinder 20 are designated with 10-digits.

Every locking cylinder 20 . 120 includes a cylinder and one in the axial direction 59 displaceable, but non-rotatable to the. cylinder 21 stored piston 22 , The piston 22 is opposite the cylinder inner wall of the cylinder 21 through a ring seal 37 sealed and is on his in the direction of the longitudinal axis 25 of the cylinder 21 facing away from each other pages 23.1 . 23.2 by a fluid, in particular hydraulic, pressure medium, preferably oil, acted upon, a pressure medium-assisted movement of the piston 22 in a first direction 31 or in a second direction 32 to enable. In the lockable on pressure locking cylinder 20 is the first direction 31 around the extension direction and in the second direction 32 around the retraction direction of the piston 22 , In contrast, it is the lockable on train locking cylinder 120 at the first direction 31 around the retraction direction and in the second direction 32 around the extension direction of the piston 22 , The pressure medium can via a first working channel 24.1 on the cylinder bottom 40 facing side 23.1 of the piston 22 in a first working chamber 48 be fed to a movement of the piston 22 along the cylinder 21 in the second direction 32 to reach. In addition, the pressure medium via a second working channel 24.2 on a second page 23.2 of the piston 22 from the first page 23.1 points away, into a second working chamber 49 fed to a movement of the piston 22 along the cylinder 21 in the first direction 31 to reach.

The first working chamber 48 is opposite the second working chamber 49 over a ring seal 37 of the piston 22 sealed. The seal 37 is supported in an annular groove of the piston which opens outwards to the cylinder jacket inner wall 22 from. The piston 22 forms an approach that rotatably with the piston rod 22.1 connected is. The piston rod 22.1 extends from the annular second side 23.2 of the piston 22 in the axial direction 59 coaxial with the longitudinal axis 25 of the cylinder 21 or to the axis of rotation 33 the spindle 30 , The piston 22 is designed as a tubular hollow body and also has a piston thread 26 designated internal thread on. The piston 22 can also be referred to as a piston nut. The piston thread 26 is engaged with a spindle thread as well 28 designated external thread of the spindle 30 on which the piston 22 is guided. The piston thread 26 and the spindle thread 28 form a non-self-locking thread 27 out. Preferably, this is not self-locking thread 27 designed to be right-handed, but can also be designed left-handed. Preferably, the piston thread 26 and the spindle thread 28 each designed as one, in particular multi-speed, coarse thread, preferably trapezoidal coarse thread. Preferably, an eight-speed coarse thread can be used. The cylinder 21 is at its free end 71 the spindle 30 assigned side by a the piston rod 22.1 receiving lid 40.1 completed. This can, as shown in the figures, in one piece with the cylinder 21 connected or manufactured; However, it can also be multi-piece with the cylinder 21 be connected. The ring-shaped piston cover 40.1 encloses the piston rod 22.1 and has one to the piston rod 22.1 open ring groove on. This ring groove is supported by a ring seal 60 from which the second working chamber 49 seals to the outside. On the other side is the cylinder 21 through a cylinder bottom 40 forming lid or head completed. This can preferably be in several parts with the cylinder 21 be connected.

The spindle 30 is one parallel to the longitudinal axis 25 of the cylinder 21 arranged axis of rotation 33 relative to the cylinder 21 rotatable and is also relative to the cylinder 21 in the axial direction 59 or parallel to the longitudinal axis 25 of the cylinder 21 only slightly axially displaceable. In the embodiments shown, the double arrow is used 34 characterized axial displaceability of the spindle 30 or is the axial spindle clearance only about 1.0 to 1.5 mm. The spindle 30 is frictionally engaged, ie non-positively by friction, and in the embodiments shown exclusively by gravity, in particular by a on the piston 22 acting load 29 . 129 , self-acting or automatic, drive-free and without the intervention or support of energy stores, such. B. tension or compression springs, lockable. In other words, the spindle 30 self-locking lockable and indeed double-self-locking according to the invention.

For this purpose, first in the area of the free end 71 the spindle 30 wayward end 69 the spindle 30 , which is the cylinder bottom end 69 the spindle 30 is two interlocking supporting bodies convertible into a mutual frictional locking engagement 35 . 36 ; 135 . 136 intended. These are intended to be the spindle 30 frictionally against rotation about its axis of rotation 33 to be able to lock and in the second direction 32 on the spindle 30 be able to absorb acting axial forces, in the illustrated embodiments such that the spindle 30 in the locked state against movement in the second direction 32 secured to the cylinder 21 , here at the cylinder bottom 40 , is supported. The first locking support body 35 . 135 the Lock Support Body 35 . 36 ; 135 . 136 is non-rotatable, preferably rigid, with the spindle 30 connected or on the spindle 30 attached. The second lockup support body 36 ; 136 the Lock Support Body 35 . 36 ; 135 . 136 is non-rotatable, preferably rigid, with the cylinder 21 or with the cylinder bottom 40 connected or on the cylinder 21 , here on the cylinder bottom 40 , fixed, preferably in one piece.

The spindle 30 is here at two in the axial direction 59 spaced thrust bearings 38 . 39 ; 138 . 139 stored. A first thrust bearing 38 ; 138 is meant to be in the first direction 31 on the spindle 30 take up acting axial forces. The second thrust bearing 39 ; 139 the thrust bearing 38 . 39 ; 138 . 139 is intended, in its function as a fluid plain bearing, in the second direction 32 on the spindle 30 to absorb acting axial forces.

The spindle 30 is also with a first bearing body 41 ; 141 provided, the first storage area 43 ; 143 that has a second storage area 44 ; 144 a rotationally fixed, preferably rigid, with the cylinder 21 connected or on the cylinder 21 attached second bearing body 42 ; 142 , here the cylinder bottom 40 , lies opposite. The first storage area 43 ; 143 of the first bearing body 41 ; 141 and the second storage area 44 ; 144 of the second warehouse pers 42 ; 142 form the second thrust bearing 39 ; 139 out. The second thrust bearing 39 ; 139 is inventively as a, preferably hydrostatic, fluid bearings 45 ; 145 designed, in particular via a first fluid channel 46 ; 146 can be acted upon with or with the fluid pressure medium. According to the invention, the first locking-supporting body 35 ; 135 as a first locking cone surfaces 51 ; 151 having, self-locking or self-locking acting, first clamping cone body 53 ; 153 designed and the second locking support body 36 ; 136 is as a second locking cone surfaces 52 ; 152 having, self-locking or self-locking, second clamping cone body 54 ; 154 designed. The locking cone surfaces 51 . 52 ; 151 . 152 this pinch-cone body 53 . 54 ; 153 . 154 can be clamped together self-locking. For this purpose, here each of the rotationally fixed to the spindle 30 fixed clamp cone body 53 ; 153 in the first direction 32 parallel to the longitudinal axis 25 of the cylinder 21 be moved until its locking cone surfaces 51 ; 151 on the opposite, counter-surface forming locking cone surfaces 52 ; 152 of the second clamping cone body 54 ; 154 abut, wherein the clamping cone body 53 . 54 ; 153 . 154 be frictionally locked by stiction self-locking with each other or can be. It is in this way not only a frictional self-locking locking the spindle 30 with respect to a rotation about its axis of rotation 33 relative to the cylinder 21 realizable, but also a locking of the spindle 30 against movement or displacement in the axial direction 59 , especially in the first direction 31 , The lock according to the invention is thus a type of double-self-locking lock.

The clamping cone body 53 . 54 ; 153 . 154 are each frustoconically shaped. The first clamp cone body 53 ; 153 , which rotates with the spindle 30 connected or rotationally fixed to the spindle 30 is fixed here is each as a cone-disc or as a cone-butt-disc 55 ; 155 designed. The respective first clamping cone body 53 ; 153 and the respective second clamping cone body 54 ; 154 are rotationally symmetrical to the axis of rotation 33 the spindle 30 or to the longitudinal axis 25 of the cylinder 21 designed.

The respective first clamping cone body 53 ; 153 is in each case in a recess designed as a chamber 75 ; 175 of the cylinder bottom 40 recorded or arranged. The recess 75 is preferably also rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis 25 of the cylinder 21 or to the axis of rotation 33 the spindle 30 designed. The respective first clamping cone body 53 ; 153 is non-rotatable with or on a thread-free part 50 the spindle 30 connected or fixed, which in turn rotatably connected to the spindle thread 28 having part of the spindle 30 connected or attached thereto. The part not provided with a spindle thread 50 the spindle 30 is in a bore of a radially inward and transverse to the longitudinal axis 25 of the cylinder 21 extending approach 72 ; 172 added. The approach 72 ; 172 is here between the respective first clamping cone body 53 ; 153 and the first working chamber 48 arranged. The approach 72 ; 172 has one to the unthreaded part 50 the spindle 30 open annular groove on whose wall is a ring seal 76 supported. About the ring seal 76 is the respective recess or chamber 75 ; 175 opposite the first working chamber 48 sealed.

In the embodiments shown, the first lockup support body 35 ; 135 and the first bearing body 41 ; 141 made in one piece and each form a common first locking support and bearing body 61 ; 161 out, here in the form of the clamping cone disc 55 ; 155 , Also by a part of the cylinder bottom 40 formed second latch support body 36 ; 136 and the second bearing body 42 ; 142 are made in one piece and form a common second locking support and bearing body 62 ; 162 out. The first lockup support and bearing body 61 ; 161 as a first locking cone surfaces 51 ; 151 having self-locking or self-locking acting first clamping cone body 53 ; 153 formed and the second locking support and bearing body 62 ; 162 is as a second locking cone surfaces 52 ; 152 having, self-locking or self-locking acting second clamping cone body 54 ; 154 educated.

The first locking cone surfaces 51 ; 151 with the spindle 30 rotatably connected first clamping cone body 53 ; 153 close with the rotation axis 33 the spindle 30 a first angle of inclination 63 ; 163 one. The second locking cone surfaces 52 ; 152 of the cylinder bottom side clamping cone body 54 ; 154 close with the longitudinal axis 25 of the cylinder 21 or with the axis of rotation 33 the spindle 30 a second angle of inclination 64 ; 164 one. The angle of inclination 63 ; 163 the locking cone surfaces 51 ; 151 of rotation with the spindle 30 Connected first Klemme cone body 53 ; 153 and the angle of inclination 64 ; 164 the locking cone surfaces 52 ; 152 the non-rotatable with the cylinder 21 connected second clamping cone body 54 ; 154 are the same size and here are each preferably about 6.5 degrees. At these angles of inclination 63 . 64 ; 163 . 164 or more generally at angles of inclination of about 4 to 13 degrees, preferably 4 to 10 degrees, can be dependent on the selected material pairing and other parameters in juxtaposition or nesting of the first clamping cone body 53 ; 153 and the second clamping cone body 54 ; 154 achieve a self-locking in such a way that the first clamping cone body 53 and the second clamping cone body 54 or that the first clamping cone body 153 and the second clamping cone body 154 no longer relative to each other about the longitudinal axis 25 or about the axis of rotation 33 are rotatable and also no longer relative to each other in the axial direction 59 are movable or displaced, so not in the first direction 31 ie here in one direction away from each other. Because it then enters a self-locking by jamming of the respective two clamping cone body 53 . 54 respectively. 153 . 154 one.

The first clamp cone body 53 ; 153 is as an outer cone 56 ; 156 formed while the second clamping cone body 54 ; 154 as an inner cone 57 ; 157 is trained. In the lockable on pressure locking cylinder 20 the first tapered cone body tapers 53 tapered towards the axis of rotation 33 the spindle 30 back and forth from the piston 22 away or to the cylinder bottom 40 of the cylinder 21 out. In contrast, the first tapered cone body tapers 153 of lockable on train locking cylinder 120 towards the piston 22 towards or from the cylinder bottom 40 away but also towards the axis of rotation 33 the spindle 30 out. In the lockable on pressure locking cylinder 20 are the first locking cone surfaces 51 of rotation with the spindle 30 connected first clamping cone body 53 on which in the direction of the piston 22 away or to the cylinder bottom 40 of the cylinder 21 pointing side 65 arranged and the second locking cone surfaces 52 the non-rotatable with the cylinder 21 connected second clamping cone body 54 are on the way towards the piston 22 towards or from the cylinder bottom 40 away side 66 arranged. In contrast, in the lockable on train locking cylinder 120 the first locking cone surfaces 151 of rotation with the spindle 30 connected first clamping cone body 153 on which towards the piston 22 towards or from the cylinder bottom 40 away side 165 arranged and the second locking cone surfaces 152 the non-rotatable with the cylinder 21 connected second clamping cone body 154 are on the direction of the piston 22 away or to the cylinder bottom 40 pointing side 166 arranged.

In the lockable on pressure locking cylinder 20 is the second bearing body 42 with a part of the cylinder bottom 40 of the cylinder 21 trained, while in lockable on train locking cylinder 120 the second bearing body 142 as the, preferably in one piece with the cylinder 21 connected or manufactured, radially inwardly and transversely to the longitudinal axis 25 of the cylinder 21 or to the axis of rotation 33 the spindle 30 extending approach 172 is trained.

At the locking cylinders 20 ; 120 is the respective first clamping cone body 53 ; 153 over the first thrust bearing 38 ; 138 on the fixed, preferably rigid, with the cylinder 21 connected approach 72 or cylinder bottom 40 stored. At the first thrust bearing 38 . 138 In the embodiments shown, each is a rolling bearing designed as a needle bearing in the form of a ring bearing. This needle bearing is partially in each case in a bearing-ring groove 78 . 178 taken up, which is coaxial with the longitudinal axis 25 of the cylinder 21 is trained. The bearing ring groove 78 ; 178 limited in each case the chamber or the recess 75 ; 175 ,

The respective recess 75 ; 175 in which the respective first clamping cone body 53 ; 153 in the axial direction 59 is received or arranged axially displaceable, on the one hand by a part of the cylinder bottom 40 of the cylinder 21 and on the other hand from the respective approach 72 ; 172 limited. This chamber or recess 75 ; 175 has a T-shaped cross-section 77 ; 177 on.

In the case of the pressure-lockable locking cylinder 20 opens a first fluid channel 46 over which the fluid plain bearing 45 can be acted upon with pressure medium, in one the longitudinal axis 25 of the cylinder 21 containing or cutting area of the recess 75 , Accordingly, this first fluid channel opens 46 on a first page 65 of the first clamping cone body 53 that's to the axis of rotation 33 the spindle 30 inclined first locking cone surfaces 51 ; 151 assigned. In the area of the other side 66 of the first clamping cone body 53 opens into the recess 75 a second fluid channel 47 , here immediately adjacent to the first locking cone surfaces 51 of the first clamping cone body 53 , In the locked state, in which the locking cone surfaces 51 ; 52 the clamp cone body 53 ; 54 abut each other are the first fluid channel 46 and the second fluid channel 47 through one of the first locking cone surfaces 51 containing part of the first clamping cone body 53 separated from each other and sealed against each other.

In the lockable on train locking cylinder 120 On the other hand, this results in a basically or approximately 180 degrees about a normal to the longitudinal axis 25 of the cylinder 21 or to the axis of rotation 33 the spindle 30 turned situation. Accordingly, there opens the first fluid channel 146 immediately adjacent to the first locking cone surfaces 151 of the first clamping cone body 153 into the recess 175 So on the first page 165 of the first clamping cone body 153 that's the approach 172 opposite. On the other hand 166 of the first clamping cone body 153 opens into the recess 175 a second fluid channel 147 , in one the longitudinal axis 25 of the cylinder 21 containing or cutting area of the recess 175 , When the clamping cone body 153 and 154 abutting each other are the first fluid channel 146 from the second fluid channel 147 separated and sealed against it, through one of the first locking cone surfaces 151 containing part of the first clamping cone body 153 ,

In a projection perpendicular to the axis of rotation 33 the spindle 30 considered, ie in particular in one of the leaf level of 1 and 2 corresponding cutting plane, is the first storage area 43 ; 143 of the first clamping cone body 53 ; 153 larger than a spindle surface of the spindle 33 that is on by the seal 76 from the first pinch-cone body 53 ; 153 at least partially receiving recess 75 ; 175 sealed side 83 the seal 76 is located, this seal 76 in fluid communication with the first working chamber 48 stands. In this spindle surface is an annular surface, on the one hand in the radial direction through the cylindrical outer surface of the not provided with the spindle thread part 50 the spindle and on the other hand with the outer diameter or external thread 28 the spindle 30 is limited. The acted upon by the fluid pressure medium first bearing surface 43 ; 143 of the first clamping cone body 53 ; 15.3 has an outer diameter 80 ; 180 which is larger, preferably much larger than the inner diameter 81 the seal 76 or as the outer diameter 82 of the unthreaded part 50 the spindle 30 ,

The following is the operation of the locking cylinder 20 ; 120 described in more detail, starting with the lockable on pressure locking cylinder 20 :
At rest, in which neither the working channel 24.1 still the fluid channel 46 is pressurized under pressure, so if the pressure fluid system is so far unpressurized, the spindle 30 opposite the cylinder 21 double-self-locking against rotation about its axis of rotation 33 as well as against a liftoff in the first direction 31 jammed locked. Starting from this locking position can now for example for the purpose of extension of the piston 22 and lifting the load 29 in the first direction 31 , Pressure medium either first via the first fluid channel 46 and subsequently via the first working channel 24.1 or preferably simultaneously via the first fluid channel 46 and the first working channel 24.1 be supplied, so that accordingly either first the recess 75 and then the first working chamber 48 is acted upon with pressure medium or by preferably the recess 75 and the first working chamber 48 be acted upon at the same time with pressure medium. In the course of this, the self-locking jamming between the rotationally fixed with the spindle 30 connected first clamping cone body 53 and the non-rotatable with the cylinder 21 connected second clamping cone body 54 solved, whereupon the spindle 30 , optionally also the piston 22 at the same time, in the first direction 31 shifted, that is raised here or become. At first, there is no or essentially no rotation of the spindle 30 around its axis of rotation 33 relative to the cylinder 21 , As soon as, or at the latest when, with the spindle 30 non-rotatably connected first clamping cone bodies 53 at the rolling bearing 38 comes to rest, the spindle begins 30 due to friction around its axis of rotation 33 to turn. This and due to the threaded coupling with the spindle 30 over the non-self-locking thread 27 can the piston 22 in the first direction 31 , ie here in the extension direction or move upwards, causing the load 29 can be raised. In the course of this displacement of the piston 22 in the first direction 31 flows pressure medium through the first working channel 24.1 in the first working chamber 48 and at the same time that flows in the second working chamber 49 optionally located pressure medium via the second working channel 24.2 from. During this movement of the piston 22 in the first direction 31 is or is the fluid plain bearing 39 pressurized such that the clamping cone body 53 . 54 are detached from each other, in particular so are lifted apart from each other that their locking cone surfaces 51 . 52 do not touch, so that then the locking cone surfaces 51 . 52 in a lift-off and unlocked position.

Should now be in the first direction 31 moving pistons 22 can be stopped, then the first working channel 24.1 be depressurized. If both the first working channel 24.1 as well as the first fluid channel 46 depressurized, the piston sinks 22 together with the spindle 30 and the non-rotatably connected thereto first clamping cone body 53 due to the direction of gravity, ie in the second direction 32 , acting load 29 in the second direction 32 from, for the intended small axial play of here only about 1.0 to 1.5 mm, to the first clamping cone body 53 on or in the second clamping cone body 54 self-locking jammed stuck.

It is understood, however, that optionally only the first working channel 24.1 can be depressurized, but not the first fluid channel 46 so that then while stopping the piston 22 the fluid sliding bearing 45 is still acted upon with pressure medium and is and demge according to the spindle 30 non-rotatably connected first clamping cone bodies 53 still from the second clamping cone body 54 can be kept lifted or possibly regulated, can be kept in an intermediate position in which a brake friction but not jamming the clamping cone body 53 . 54 entry.

To move the piston 22 in the second direction 32 , So here in the retraction for the purpose of lowering the load 29 or even only for the purpose of retraction of the piston 22 , pressure medium via the first fluid channel 46 be fed, wherein only then or simultaneously pressure medium in the second working channel 24.2 can be supplied. This can be done with the spindle 30 non-rotatably connected first clamping cone bodies 53 together with the threaded spindle 30 and the piston 22 in the first direction 31 moved or raised, again until the first clamping cone body 53 at the rolling bearing 38 comes to the plant, whereupon the spindle 30 together with the rotatably connected with it first clamping cone body 53 begins to turn in the now opposite direction, whereupon the piston 22 along with the load 29 in the second direction 32 , So here in the retraction direction is moved. This can be done in the first workspace 48 located pressure medium over the first working channel 24.1 flow out.

During the movement of the piston 22 in the second direction 32 is or is the first fluid channel 46 constantly acted upon with pressure medium, so that while the fluid plain bearing 45 is constantly acted upon with pressure medium and at the same time with the spindle 30 non-rotatably connected first clamping cone bodies 53 from the rotation with the cylinder 21 connected second clamping cone body 54 lifted into a lifting and unlocking position, in which their locking cone surfaces 51 . 52 do not touch, so that is then the first clamping cone body 53 and the spindle 30 , preferably substantially free, about the spindle axis of rotation 33 relative to the cylinder 21 can turn.

If the fluid plain bearing 45 by applying the first fluid channel 46 is formed with pressure medium and thereby the first clamping cone body 53 from the second clamp cone body 54 is lifted off so that their locking cone surfaces 51 . 52 Do not touch anymore, this can be done through the first fluid channel 46 the recess 75 supplied pressure medium through a then between the locking cone surfaces 51 and 52 the clamp cone body 53 and 54 trained annular gap through and then through the second fluid channel 47 flow out.

To stop in the second direction 32 moving piston 22 can now both the second working channel 24.2 as well as the first fluid channel 46 be switched without pressure, so that then due to the applied load 29 immediately, the spindle 30 together with the first clamping cone body 53 in the second direction 32 moved, again only to the small spindle-shifting play from here about 1.0 to 1.5 mm, until the first clamping cone body 53 on or in the second clamping cone body 54 self-locking jammed stuck. Then the spindle 30 by this self-locking clamping lock against rotation about its axis of rotation 33 relative to the cylinder 21 locked as well as against an axial lift in the axial direction 59 So also in the first direction 31 , so that then again a double self-inhibition is achieved.

The operation of the lockable lock cylinder will be described below 120 described in more detail:
At rest, in which neither the working channel 24.1 still the fluid channel 146 is pressurized under pressure, so if the pressure fluid system is so far unpressurized, the spindle 30 opposite the cylinder 21 double-self-locking against rotation about its axis of rotation 33 as well as against a liftoff in the first direction 31 jammed locked. Starting from this locking position can now, for example, for the purpose of retraction of the piston 22 and lifting the load 129 in the first direction 31 , Pressure medium either first via the first fluid channel 146 and then via the second working channel 24.2 or preferably simultaneously via the first fluid channel 146 and the second working channel 24.2 be supplied, so that accordingly either first the recess 175 and then the second working chamber 49 is acted upon with pressure medium or by preferably the recess 175 and the second working chamber 49 be acted upon at the same time with pressure medium. In the course of this, the self-locking jamming between the rotationally fixed with the spindle 30 connected first clamping cone body 153 and the non-rotatable with the cylinder 20 connected second clamping cone body 154 solved, whereupon the spindle 30 , optionally also the piston 22 at the same time, in the first direction 31 shifted, that is raised here or become. At first, there is no or essentially no rotation of the spindle 30 around its axis of rotation 33 relative to the cylinder 21 , As soon as, or at the latest when, with the spindle 30 non-rotatably connected first clamping cone bodies 153 at the rolling bearing 138 comes to rest, the spindle begins 30 due to friction around its axis of rotation 33 to turn. This and due to the threaded coupling with the spindle 30 over the non-self-locking thread 27 can the piston 22 in the first direction 31 . ie here in retraction or up, move, causing the load 129 can be raised. In addition to this displacement of the piston 22 in the first direction 31 flows pressure medium through the second working channel 24.2 in the second working chamber 49 and at the same time that flows in the first working chamber 48 optionally located pressure medium over the first working channel 24.1 from. During this movement of the piston 22 in the first direction 31 is or is the fluid plain bearing 139 pressurized such that the clamping cone body 153 . 154 are detached from each other, in particular so are lifted apart from each other that their locking cone surfaces 151 . 152 do not touch, so that then the locking cone surfaces 151 . 152 in a lift-off and unlocked position.

Should now be in the first direction 31 moving pistons 22 can be stopped, then the second working channel 24.2 be depressurized. If both the second working channel 24.2 as well as the first fluid channel 146 depressurized, the piston sinks 22 together with the spindle 30 and the non-rotatably connected thereto first clamping cone body 153 due to the direction of gravity, ie in the second direction 32 , acting load 29 in the second direction 32 from, for the intended small axial play of here only about 1.0 to 1.5 mm, to the first clamping cone body 153 on or in the second clamping cone body 154 self-locking jammed stuck.

It is understood, however, that optionally only the second working channel 24.2 can be depressurized, but not the first fluid channel 146 so that then while stopping the piston 22 the fluid sliding bearing 145 is still acted upon with pressure medium and will and accordingly with the spindle 30 non-rotatably connected first clamping cone body 153 still from the second clamping cone body 154 can be kept lifted or possibly regulated, can be kept in an intermediate position in which a brake friction but not jamming the clamping cone body 153 . 154 entry.

To move the piston 22 in the second direction 32 , So here in the direction of extension for the purpose of lowering the load 129 or even only for the purpose of extending the piston 22 , pressure medium via the first fluid channel 146 be fed, wherein only then or simultaneously pressure medium in the first working channel 24.1 can be supplied. This can be done with the spindle 30 non-rotatably connected first clamping cone bodies 153 together with the threaded spindle 30 and the piston 22 in the first direction 31 moved or raised, again until the first clamping cone body 153 at the rolling bearing 138 comes to the plant, whereupon the spindle 30 together with the rotatably connected with it first clamping cone body 153 begins to turn in the now opposite direction, whereupon the piston 22 along with the load 129 in the second direction 32 , So here in the extension direction is moved. This can be done in the second workspace 49 located pressure medium via the second working channel 24.2 flow out.

During the movement of the piston 22 in the second direction 32 is or is the first fluid channel 146 constantly acted upon with pressure medium, so that while the fluid plain bearing 145 is constantly acted upon with pressure medium and at the same time with the spindle 30 non-rotatably connected first clamping cone bodies 153 from the rotation with the cylinder 21 connected second clamping cone body 154 lifted into a lifting and unlocking position, in which their locking cone surfaces 151 . 152 do not touch, so that is then the first clamping cone body 153 and the spindle 30 , preferably substantially free, about the spindle axis of rotation 33 relative to the cylinder 21 can turn.

If the fluid plain bearing 145 by applying the first fluid channel 146 is formed with pressure medium and thereby the first clamping cone body 153 from the second clamp cone body 154 is lifted off so that their locking cone surfaces 151 . 152 Do not touch anymore, this can be done through the first fluid channel 146 the recess 175 supplied pressure medium through a then between the locking cone surfaces 151 and 152 the clamp cone body 153 and 154 trained annular gap through and then through the second fluid channel 147 flow out.

To stop in the second direction 32 moving piston 22 can now both the first working channel 24.1 as well as the first fluid channel 146 be switched without pressure, so that then due to the applied load 129 immediately the spindle 30 together with the first clamping cone body 153 in the second direction 32 moved, again only to the small spindle-shifting play from here about 1.0 to 1.5 mm, until the first clamping cone body 153 on or in the second clamping cone body 154 self-locking jammed stuck. Then the spindle 30 by this self-locking clamping lock against rotation about its axis of rotation 33 relative to the cylinder 21 locked as well as against an axial lift in the axial direction 59 So also in the first direction 31 , so that then again a double self-inhibition is achieved.

In the locking cylinders according to the invention 20 . 120 increases the clamping force between each jammed clamp-cone bodies 53 and 54 respectively. 153 and 154 with increasing load 29 ; 129 proportionally. As a result, with every load, an always secure locking of the spindle 30 against rotation about its axis of rotation 33 relative to the cylinder 21 can be achieved and as a result, a further movement of the piston 22 and the load on it 29 . 129 safely prevented, and not only in a normal operation of the locking cylinder 29 . 129 , but also in the case of a pressure failure of the pressure medium system or in the event of any leakage of the pressure medium system occurring. The locking cylinder according to the invention 20 . 120 offer a higher locking safety than previously known frictionally locking locking cylinder.

It is understood that for the regulation and / or control of the various operating conditions or functions of the locking cylinder 20 . 120 , These may be coupled or provided with a device for controlling and / or controlling the pressure medium, which in the 1 and 2 not shown.

Two preferred embodiments of with control units according to the invention 85 . 185 equipped locking cylinders 20 . 120 are in the 3 and 4 shown. Except for the integrated control units 85 . 185 These locking cylinders are the same design as those in the 1 and 2 illustrated locking cylinder 20 . 120 , so that reference can be made in this regard to the above statements.

In an end housing or control block of the respective locking cylinder 20 . 120 that is in the area of thrust bearings 38 . 39 ; 138 . 139 is provided is a control unit 85 . 185 with several, as well as fluid channels 46 . 146 ; 91 . 191 ; 97 . 197 ; 99 . 199 ; 103 . 203 ; 106 . 206 designated flow and connection channels and control organs 108 . 208 ; 88 ; 90 ; 98 . 98 ' . 198 ; 104 integrated, as usual in such circuit diagrams, are shown with circuit symbols or symbols of fluid technology. In this case, preferably only two connecting lines 86 and 87 Be provided or holes for an alternate supply and discharge of the pressure medium. Each of the connecting cables 86 and 87 can therefore serve as a supply line or as a return line. For this purpose, a switching or control valve not shown in the figures may be provided, which is fluidly connected to a supply device for the pressure medium also not shown in the figures, which may contain a pump and a tank for the pressure medium.

Every control unit 85 . 185 has as essential control or regulating organs at least one load-holding Senkbrems valve or lowering brake valve 90 , a shuttle valve 104 , at least one check valve 88 . 92 , Also preferred is a switching or switching valve, in particular in the form of a 2-2-way valve 98 . 198 , on.

The respective load-holding lowering brake valve or lowering brake valve 90 has an inlet 95 , an outlet 96 and a control terminal on which a control line or a control channel 91 connected. At the in 3 shown, lockable on pressure locking cylinder 20 , is the inlet 95 the lowering brake valve 90 with the first working chamber 48 via the fluid channel, also referred to as working channel 24.1 fluidly connected and the outlet 96 is with the connection channel 86 fluidly connected. In contrast, in the case of 4 shown lockable on train locking cylinder 120 , the inlet 95 the lowering brake valve 90 with the second working chamber 49 via the fluid channel, also referred to as working channel 24.2 fluidly connected and the outlet 96 is with the connection channel 87 fluidly connected. With the inlet 95 and the outlet 96 the respective lowering brake valve 90 is, connected in parallel, a check valve 92 fluidly connected, which is a flow of the pressure medium from the inlet 95 to the outlet 96 locks, but in the opposite direction allows. As a locking member 93 For example, a ball can be used. Preferably, the respective lowering brake valve 90 by the spring force of a spring 94 be acted upon or be, by the pressure medium through the control channel 91 . 191 applied force counteracts. Preferably, the passageway is between the inlet 95 and the outlet 96 the lowering brake valve 90 then, if the control channel 91 is not acted upon by pressure medium or is depressurized, shut off, so that possibly at the inlet 95 Pressurized pressure medium the lowering brake valve 90 can not happen. In this way, the lowering brake valve can be used as a load-holding lowering brake valve. Because in the shut-off position of the valve 90 can the piston 22 do not lower further. In this way, optionally, regardless of or in addition to a mechanical locking hydraulic locking can be achieved. The outlet 96 the respective lowering brake valve 90 is with a fluid channel 107 respectively. 207 fluidly connected, in the case of pressure-lockable locking cylinder 20 with the connection 86 is fluid-connected and in the case of lockable on train locking cylinder 120 with the connection 87 fluidly connected.

In the case of the pressure-lockable locking cylinder 20 can with the help of the load-holding lowering brake valve or the lowering brake valve 90 be effected or is caused by Beauf Suppression of the piston 22 on his second page 23.2 with the in the second working chamber 49 located pressure medium to form a working pressure, a displacement of the piston 22 in the retraction direction 32 causes, simultaneously in the first working chamber 48 on the first page 23.1 of the piston 22 one by the one in the first working chamber 48 located pressure medium applied counter pressure acts. The one in the first working chamber 48 acting back pressure is with the help of the lowering brake valve 90 during the admission of the second working chamber 49 with pressure medium and consequently during retraction of the piston 22 in retraction direction 32 kept at pressures that are always less than the working pressure in the second working chamber 49 are, so that during the retraction or lowering movement of the piston 22 in the retraction direction 32 a controlled braking of the piston 22 in the retraction direction 32 is effected. This may cause an uncontrolled advance of the piston 22 in the lowering or retraction direction 32 be avoided.

In the case of the lockable lock cylinder 120 can with the help of the load-holding lowering brake valve or the lowering brake valve 90 be effected or is caused when the piston is acted upon 22 on his first page 23.1 with the one in the first working chamber 48 located pressure medium to form a working pressure, a displacement of the piston 22 in the extension direction 32 causes, simultaneously in the second working chamber 49 on the second page 23.2 of the piston 22 a through the in the second working chamber 49 located pressure medium applied counter pressure acts. The one in the second working chamber 49 acting back pressure is with the help of the lowering brake valve 90 during the application of the first working chamber 48 with pressure medium and consequently during the extension of the piston 22 in the extension direction 32 maintained at pressures that are always less than the working pressure in the first working chamber 48 are, so that during the extension or lowering movement of the piston 22 in the extension direction 32 a controlled braking of the piston 22 in the extension direction 32 is effected. This may cause an uncontrolled advance of the piston 22 in the lowering or extension direction 32 be avoided.

Between with the fluid bearing 45 . 145 fluid-connected first fluid channel 46 . 146 and the two alternately serving as a flow channel or return channel connection channels 86 . 87 is a shuttle valve 104 as a means for releasing a first passageway between the first fluid channel 46 . 146 and the connection channel 86 and for, preferably substantially simultaneously, shutting off a second passageway between the first fluid channel 46 . 146 and the other connection channel 87 or for releasing the second passageway between the first fluid channel 46 . 146 and the connection channel 87 and for, preferably substantially simultaneously, shutting off the first passageway between the fluid channel 46 . 146 and the connection channel 86 arranged. The shuttle valve 104 preferably has only one locking member 105 , For example, a ball on.

The functions of said agent 104 can be described as follows: For example, if the connection channel 87 is acted upon by pressure, ie serves as a flow channel or is connected, the pressure medium via the fluid channel 106 respectively. 197 in the shuttle valve 104 flow, causing the shuttle valve 104 the passageway to the other connection channel 86 locks and the pressure fluid from the shuttle valve 104 in the first fluid channel 46 . 146 for acting on the fluid sliding bearing 45 . 145 can flow. However, if the other connection channel 86 is acted upon by pressure, ie serves as a flow channel or is connected, the pressure medium via the fluid channel 97 respectively. 206 in the shuttle valve 104 flow, causing the shuttle valve 104 the passageway to the other connection channel 87 locks and the pressure fluid from the shuttle valve 104 again in the first fluid channel 46 . 146 for acting on the fluid sliding bearing 45 . 145 can flow.

The respective switching or changeover valve, which is a 2-2-way valve 98 . 198 In the case of the pressure-lockable locking cylinder, it forms 20 a means for the need or switchable blocking or releasing a passageway, and forms in the case of lockable on train locking cylinder 120 a means for throttling or releasing a passageway as needed.

The respective passageway or the respective valve 98 . 198 is in the case of the pressure-lockable lock cylinder 20 between the fluid channel 47 and the fluid channel 103 arranged in the second working channel 24.2 opens, and is in the case of lockable on lock cylinder 120 between the fluid channel 147 and the fluid channel 203 arranged in the first working channel 24.1 empties. The respective fluid channel 47 . 147 is when the locking support body 35 . 36 ; 135 . 136 or the clamping cone body 53 . 54 ; 153 . 154 frictionally sealing against each other, opposite to the fluid bearing 45 . 145 fluid-connected fluid channel 46 . 146 shut off. However, if the locking support body 35 . 36 ; 135 . 136 or the clamping cone body 53 . 54 ; 153 . 154 in particular due to an admission of the fluid sliding bearing 45 . 145 are lifted apart from each other with pressure medium, so that between the opposing locking cone surfaces 51 . 52 respectively. 151 . 152 a gap or passageway is designed for the pressure medium, which is then as a feed channel for the fluid sliding bearing 45 . 145 serving fluid channel 46 . 146 with the then as drainage channel for the fluid plain bearing 45 . 145 serving fluid channel 103 . 203 fluidly connected. In the case of the pressure-lockable locking cylinder 20 is the fluid channel 103 with the second working chamber 49 fluidly connected between the piston 22 and one the free end 71 the spindle 30 associated lid 40.1 of the cylinder 21 is arranged. In the case of the lockable lock cylinder 120 is the fluid channel 203 with the first working chamber 48 fluidly connected between the piston 22 and the cylinder bottom 140 of the cylinder is arranged.

The function of the whole, in an end housing or control block of the locking cylinder 20 . 120 integrated control unit 85 . 185 with the corresponding control or regulation 108 . 208 ; 88 ; 90 ; 98 . 98 ' . 198 ; 104 is separate according to the following for both the pressure-lockable latch cylinder 20 as well as for lockable on train locking cylinder 120 described.

For the purpose of extending the piston rod 22.1 of pressure-lockable latch cylinder 20 in the extension direction 31 becomes the connection channel 86 pressurized with pressure medium. As a result, the pressure medium through the connection channel 86 and departing from it at a branch, both by means of the shuttle valve 104 fluid-connected fluid channel 97 as well as by the with the lowering brake valve 90 and the check valve 92 fluid-connected fluid channel 107 stream. The pressure medium in the fluid channel 97 can now in the shuttle valve 104 flow, thereby or due to pressure, the passageway to the with the fluid plain bearing 45 fluid-connected fluid channel 46 releases while substantially simultaneously through the locking member 105 the shuttle valve 104 the passageway to the fluid channel 106 is shut off. In this way, so the fluid bearing is 45 pressurized with pressure medium. At the same time, the pressure medium via the parallel to the lowering brake valve 90 arranged check valve 93 in the first working channel 24.1 and consequently into the first working chamber 48 flow between the approach 72 of the cylinder bottom 20 and the piston 22 is trained or can train there. In this way, so the fluid plain bearings 45 and the first working chamber 48 acted upon substantially simultaneously with the pressure medium. This leads to a lifting of the cone-stump disc 55 with an outer cone 56 designed first clamping cone body 53 from the inner cone designed second clamping cone body 54 in that direction 31 until the first clamping cone body 53 at the thrust bearing 38 strikes. Be caused by the latest then occurring friction effects, also in conjunction with the same time in the first working chamber 48 acting working pressure, the spindle can become 30 Turn, so that then conditionally the piston 22 and consequently the piston rod 22.1 in the extension direction 31 to be moved.

As a result of the lifting of the cone-stump disc 55 designed first clamping cone body 53 from the second clamp cone body 54 it comes to the formation of a passageway or gap between the opposing locking cone surfaces 51 . 52 the two clamping cone body 53 . 54 , However, the pressure medium then penetrating there can then not via the fluid channel 47 in the fluid channel 103 or the second working channel 24.2 arrive, because due to the application of the fluid channel 97 with the pressure medium of the outgoing there at a branch control channel 99 the shut-off valve 98 is also acted upon by the pressure medium, whereby the shut-off valve 98 from the in 3 shown passage position 100 in a locked position 101 is or was transferred. In 3 is as an alternative to the shut-off valve 98 also another shut-off valve 98 ' shown schematically. In this two check valves are provided in the blocking path, of which each check valve blocks a flow of the pressure medium in the direction of the other non-return valve.

Both said admission of the connection channel 86 with pressure medium is the other connection channel 87 by means of a suitable means, not shown in the figures, depressurized. In this way, when extending the piston rod 22.1 in the extension direction 31 that in the second working chamber 49 between the piston 22 and the cylinder cover 40.1 located pressure medium via the second working channel 24.2 and viewed in this flow direction before the branch point of the fluid channel 106 from the connection channel 87 located check valve 88 in and through the then serving as a return channel connection channel 87 flow out.

For the purpose of retracting the piston rod 22.1 the pressure lockable lock cylinder 20 in the retraction direction 32 becomes the connection channel 87 acted upon with pressure medium, while the other connection channel 86 is depressurized. The pressure medium can then through the connection channel 87 in the with the shuttle valve 104 fluid-connected fluid channel 106 flow, so that thereby, or due to pressure, the locking member 105 the shuttle valve 104 from the in 3 shown position in a passageway between the fluid channel 97 and the fluid channel 46 shut-off position reaches, in which the pressure medium from the fluid channel 106 through the shuttle valve 104 in the with the fluid plain bearing 45 fluid-connected fluid channel 46 can flow or flows.

Due to the between the connection channel 87 and the second working channel 24.2 parallel to the fluid bearing 45 comprehensive flow path, arranged check valve 88 This is ensured by the connection channel 87 inflowing pressure fluid first the fluid plain bearing 45 acted upon and only after lifting the cone-butt-disc 55 , so the first clamping cone body 53 , from the second clamping cone body 54 and a consequent creation of a gap or passageway along the opposing locking cone surfaces 51 . 52 the two clamping cone body 53 . 54 the pressure medium, here on the second working channel 24.2 , in the second working chamber 49 can flow, then an axial movement of the piston 22 or the piston rod 22.1 in the retraction direction 31 to effect.

For this purpose, there is the shut-off valve 98 in the in 3 shown passage position 100 , This position is supported, if necessary, by one of the fluid channel 47 indicating control channel 102 reached. Because the connection channel 86 is depressurized, is also with this via the fluid channel 97 fluid-connected control channel 99 the shut-off valve 98 then depressurized, leaving the shut-off valve 98 in the in 3 shown passage position 100 remains.

Characterized in that in this operating and exemplary embodiment, first the fluid sliding bearing 45 with pressure medium is applied and forcibly only then the second working chamber 49 is supplied with the pressure medium or acted upon, is first the rotationally fixed to the spindle 30 fastened first clamping cone body 53 from the second clamping cone body 54 lifted off, so that then a rotation of the spindle 30 around its axis of rotation 33 relative to the cylinder 21 is possible, and only then can the pressure medium through the said gap or passageway in the second working chamber 49 flow to an axial movement of the piston 22 and consequently the piston rod 22.1 in the retraction direction 32 to effect. This will cause a rotation of the spindle 30 around its axis of rotation 33 relative to the cylinder 21 causes, so that conditionally then the piston rod 22.1 in the retraction direction 32 can retract.

During retraction of the piston 22 or the piston rod 22.1 in the retraction direction 32 This will be in the first working chamber 48 located pressure medium in the first working channel 24.1 displaced and can from there via the lowering brake valve 90 in the here serving as reflux channel connection channel 86 flow out. This is done with the help of the lowering brake valve 90 in the first working chamber 48 the working pressure in the second working chamber 49 counteracting counter or brake pressure maintained, which causes the piston 22 and consequently the piston rod 22.1 not uncontrolled in retraction 32 move, in particular not uncontrolled in the retraction direction 32 can lead the way. To work with increasing pressure in the second working chamber 49 always a sufficiently large back pressure in the first working chamber 48 to ensure the lowering brake valve 90 , as in 3 shown schematically, via the control channel 91 coupled to the second working channel 24.2 or with the second working chamber 49 fluidly connected. In this way opens the lowering brake valve 90 a passageway between the first working channel 24.1 and the connection channel 86 depending on the in the second working channel 24.2 or in the second working chamber 49 acting working pressure, preferably in proportion to the working pressure, so that with increasing working pressure in the second working chamber 49 with the help of the lowering brake valve 90 a corresponding, preferably proportional, increasing backpressure in the first working chamber 48 can be achieved or achieved.

For the purpose of extending the piston rod 22.1 of lockable on train locking cylinder 20 in the export direction 32 becomes the connection channel 86 acted upon with pressure medium, while the other connection channel 87 is depressurized. The pressure medium can then through the connection channel 86 in the with the shuttle valve 104 fluid-connected fluid channel 206 flow, so that thereby or due to pressure, the locking member 105 the shuttle valve 104 from the in 4 shown position in a passageway between the fluid channel 206 and with the fluid bearing 145 fluid-connected fluid channel 146 releasing passage position passes while substantially simultaneously the passageway between the fluid channel 197 and the fluid channel 146 is shut off. The pressure medium can now from the fluid channel 206 over the shuttle valve 104 in and through the fluid channel 206 flow and the fluid plain bearing 145 apply.

Due to the between the connection channel 86 and the first working channel 24.1 parallel to the fluid bearing 145 comprehensive flow path arranged check valve 88 This is ensured by the connection channel 86 inflowing pressure fluid first the fluid plain bearing 145 acted upon and only after lifting the cone-butt-disc 155 , so the first clamping cone body 153 , from the second clamping cone body 154 and a consequent creation of a gap or passageway along the opposing locking cone surfaces 151 . 152 of both Clamping cone body 153 . 154 the pressure medium, here over the first working channel 24.1 , in the first working chamber 48 can flow, then an axial movement of the piston 22 or the piston rod 22.1 in the extension direction 32 to effect.

For this purpose, there is designed as 2-2-way valve throttle / passage changeover or changeover valve 198 in the in 4 shown passage position 200 , This position is supported, if necessary, by one of the fluid channel 147 indicating control channel 202 reached. Because the connection channel 87 is depressurized, is also with this via the fluid channel 197 fluid-connected control channel 199 of the valve 198 then depressurize, leaving the valve 198 in the in 4 shown passage position 200 remains.

Characterized in that in this operating and exemplary embodiment, first the fluid sliding bearing 145 with pressure medium is applied and forcibly only then the first working chamber 48 is supplied with the pressure medium or acted upon, is first the rotationally fixed to the spindle 30 fastened first clamping cone body 153 from the second clamping cone body 154 lifted off, so that then a rotation of the spindle 30 around its axis of rotation 33 relative to the cylinder 21 is possible, and only then can the pressure medium through a gap or passageway between the opposite locking cone surfaces 151 . 152 the two clamping cone body 153 . 154 in the first working chamber 48 flow to an axial movement of the piston 22 and consequently the piston rod 22.1 in the extension direction 32 to effect. This will cause a rotation of the spindle 30 around its axis of rotation 33 relative to the cylinder 21 causes, so that conditionally then the piston rod 22.1 in the extension direction 32 can extend.

During extension of the piston 22 or the piston rod 22.1 in the extension direction 32 that will be in the second working chamber 49 located pressure medium in the second working channel 24.2 displaced and can from there via the lowering brake valve 90 in here serve as reflux channel the connection channel 87 flow out. This is done with the help of the lowering brake valve 90 in the second working chamber 49 the working pressure in the first working chamber 48 counteracting counter or brake pressure maintained, which causes the piston 22 and consequently the piston rod 22.1 not uncontrolled in the extension direction 32 move, in particular not uncontrolled in the extension direction 32 can lead the way. To work with increasing pressure in the first working chamber 48 always a sufficiently large back pressure in the second working chamber 49 to ensure the lowering brake valve 90 , as in 4 shown schematically, via the control channel 191 coupled with the first working channel 24.1 or with the first working chamber 48 fluidly connected. In this way opens the lowering brake valve 90 a passageway between the second working channel 24.2 and the connection channel 87 depending on the one in the first working channel 24.1 or in the first working chamber 48 acting working pressure, preferably in proportion to the working pressure, so that with increasing working pressure in the first working chamber 48 with the help of the lowering brake valve 90 a corresponding, preferably proportional, increasing backpressure in the second working chamber 49 can be achieved or achieved.

For the purpose of retracting the piston rod 22.1 of the lockable latch lock cylinder 20 in the import direction 31 becomes the connection channel 87 pressurized with pressure medium. As a result, the pressure medium through the connection channel 87 and departing from it at a branch, both by means of the shuttle valve 104 fluid-connected fluid channel 197 as well as by the with the lowering brake valve 90 and the check valve 92 fluid-connected fluid channel 207 stream. The pressure medium in the fluid channel 197 can now in the shuttle valve 104 flow, thereby or due to pressure, the passageway to the with the fluid plain bearing 145 fluid-connected fluid channel 146 releases while substantially simultaneously through the locking member 105 the shuttle valve 104 the passageway to the fluid channel 206 is shut off. In this way, so the fluid bearing is 145 pressurized with pressure medium. At the same time, the pressure medium via the parallel to the lowering brake valve 90 arranged check valve 93 in the second working channel 24.2 and consequently. in the second working chamber 49 flow between the cylinder cover 40.1 and the piston 22 is trained or can train there. In this way, so the fluid plain bearings 145 and the second working chamber 49 acted upon substantially simultaneously with the pressure medium. This leads to a lifting of the cone-stump disc 155 with an outer cone 156 designed first clamping cone body 153 from the inner cone designed second clamping cone body 154 in that direction 31 until the first clamping cone body 153 at the thrust bearing 138 strikes. Due to the friction effects occurring at the latest, also in conjunction with the same time in the second working chamber 49 acting working pressure, the spindle can become 30 Turn, so that then conditionally the piston 22 and consequently the piston rod 22.1 in the extension direction 31 to be moved.

As a result of the lifting of the cone-stump disc 155 designed first clamping cone body 153 from the second clamp cone body 154 it comes to training a passageway or gap between the opposing locking cone surfaces 151 . 152 the two clamping cone body 153 . 154 , The then there penetrating Druckmit tel can then via the fluid channel 147 and via the throttle of the throttle / passage changeover or changeover valve 198 in the fluid channel 203 and from there into the unpressurized connection channel 86 arrive, because due to the application of the fluid channel 197 with the pressure medium of the outgoing there at a branch control channel 199 of the valve 198 is also acted upon by the pressure medium, whereby the valve 198 from the in 4 shown passage position 200 in a throttle position 201 is or was transferred.

At the said admission of the connection channel 87 with pressure medium is the other connection channel 88 by means of a suitable means, not shown in the figures, depressurized. In this way, when retracting the piston rod 22.1 in the retraction direction 31 that in the first working chamber 48 between the piston 22 and the approach 172 of the cylinder bottom 140 located pressure medium over the first working channel 24.1 and viewed in this flow direction before the branch point of the fluid channel 206 from the connection channel 86 located check valve 88 in and through the then serving as a return channel connection channel 86 flow out.

The invention may also be summarized as follows:
The invention relates to a locking cylinder 20 . 120 with a cylinder 21 and a relative thereto by means of a pressure medium in the axial direction 59 movable and rotatably connected to the cylinder piston 22 , The piston 22 is with a piston thread 26 provided, with the formation of a non-self-locking thread 27 with a spindle thread 28 a spindle 30 is in Engriff, which is about a rotation axis 33 relative to the cylinder 21 rotatable and in the axial direction relative to the cylinder 21 is displaceable. The spindle 30 is non-rotatable with a first locking cone surfaces 51 . 151 having self-locking first clamping cone body 53 ; 153 connected, its locking cone surfaces 51 . 151 with second locking cone surfaces 52 . 152 a second self-locking clamping cone body 54 . 154 self-locking clamped. The invention also relates to a method for the rotationally fixed frictional locking of a spindle 30 and a method for unlocking a rotatably and frictionally locked spindle 30 ,

20

lock cylinders

21

cylinder

22

piston

22.1

piston rod

23.1

(first) page of 22

23.2

(second) side of 22

24.1

(First) working channel

24.2

(Second) working channel

25

Longitudinal axis of 21

26

Piston thread

27

Not self-locking thread

28

spindle thread

29

load

30

spindle

31

first direction

32

second direction

33

Rotation axis of 30

34

Double arrow / axial Displaceability / displacement clearance / axial spindle play

35

(First) Locking the support body

36

(Second) Locking the support body

37

poetry

38

(First) Thrust bearings / Rolling bearings / needle bearing / sleeve bearing

39

(Second) Thrust bearing / fluid bearings

40

cylinder base

40.1

(Cylindrical) cover

41

(First) bearing body

42

(Second) bearing body

43

(first) storage area

44

(second) storage area

45

Fluid bearings

46

(First) fluid channel

47

(Second) fluid channel

48

(first) working chamber

49

(second) working chamber

50

thread-free part of 30

51

(first) Locking cone surface / n

52

(second) Locking cone surface / n

53

(First) Clamping cone body

54

(Second) Clamping cone body

55

Conical disk / cone-truncated washer

56

outer cone

57

inner cone

58

part of 53

59

axially

60

poetry

61

(First) Lock Support and Bearing Body

62

(Second) Lock Support, and Bearing Body

63

(First) tilt angle

64

(Second) tilt angle

65

(first) page of 53

66

(second) side of 53

67

(first) page of 54

69

(Cylinder bottom end of 30

71

(free) end of 30

72

approach

75

Recess / chamber

76

poetry

77

T-shaped cross-section of 75

78

Storage-ring groove

80

Outside diameter of 43

81

Inside diameter of 76

82

Outside diameter of 50

83

side of 76

85

Control unit / control device

86

Channel / port channel / bore

87

Channel / port channel / bore

88

Rückströmsperrmittel / check valve

89

Locking member of 88

90

Medium / (Laqsthalte-) over-center valve

91

Fluid channel / control channel

92

Rückströmsperrmittel / check valve

93

Locking member of 92

94

feather

95

Admission of 90

96

Outlet of 90

97

fluid channel

98

Medium / 2-2-way valve Shut-off valve / globe valve

98 '

Medium / 2-2-way valve Shut-off valve / globe valve

99

Switching / control channel

100

Passage position

101

blocking position

102

Fluid channel / Beaufschlagungskanal

103

fluid channel

104

Medium / shuttle valve / double check valve

105

locking member

106

fluid channel

107

fluid channel

108

Tax- or regulatory organs

120

lock cylinders

129

load

135

(First) Locking the support body

136

(Second) Locking the support body

138

(First) Thrust bearings / Rolling bearings / needle bearing / sleeve bearing

139

(Second) Thrust bearing / fluid bearings

140

cylinder base

141

(First) bearing body

142

(Second) bearing body

143

(first) storage area

144

(second) storage area

145

Fluid bearings

146

(First) fluid channel

147

(Second) fluid channel

151

(first) Locking cone surface / n

152

(second) Locking cone surface / n

153

(First) Clamping cone body

154

(Second) Clamping cone body

155

Conical disk / cone-truncated washer

156

outer cone

157

inner cone

158

part of 153

161

(First) Lock Support and Bearing Body

162

(Second) Lock Support and Bearing Body

163

(First) tilt angle

164

(Second) tilt angle

165

(first) page of 153

166

(second) side of 153

167

(first) page of 154

172

approach

175

Recess / chamber

177

T-shaped cross-section of 175

178

Storage-ring groove

180

Outside diameter of 143

185

control unit

191

Switching / control channel

197

fluid channel

198

Medium / 2-2-way valve Shut-off valve / globe valve

199

Switching / control channel

200

Passage position

201

throttle position

202

Fluid channel / Beaufschlagungskanal

203

fluid channel

206

fluid channel

207

fluid channel

208

Tax- or regulatory organs

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 2039296 A [0002, 0018]
• - DE 19633412 A1 [0002, 0018]
• - DE 29720838 U1 [0004]
• - DE 3831459 A1 [0005, 0006]
• - US 6612221 B1 [0005, 0007]
• - DE 102007024736 A1 [0008]

Claims (15)

Locking cylinder ( 20 . 120 ) with a cylinder ( 21 ) and a piston ( 22 ), with the help of one side ( 23.1 ) of the piston ( 22 ) via a working channel ( 24.1 ) or both sides ( 23.1 . 23.2 ) of the piston ( 22 ) about these pages ( 23.1 . 23.2 ) associated work channels ( 24.1 . 24.2 ) deliverable fluid pressure medium parallel to the longitudinal axis ( 25 ) of the cylinder ( 21 ) in a first direction ( 31 ) and in a second direction ( 32 ) opposite to the first direction ( 31 ) is movable, and with a piston thread ( 26 ), which forms a non-self-locking thread ( 27 ) with a spindle thread ( 28 ) of a frictional and gravitational self-locking spindle ( 30 ) which is parallel to the longitudinal axis ( 25 ) of the cylinder ( 21 ) arranged rotary axis ( 33 ) relative to the cylinder ( 21 ) rotatable and relative to the cylinder ( 21 ) in the axial direction ( 59 ) is axially displaceable, wherein at least two in a mutual frictional locking engagement convertible locking support body ( 35 . 36 ; 135 . 136 ) are provided, which are intended, the spindle ( 30 ) frictionally engaged against rotation about its axis of rotation ( 33 ) and in the second direction ( 32 ) on the spindle ( 30 ) to absorb acting axial forces, wherein at least a first locking support body ( 35 ; 135 ) the locking support body ( 35 . 36 ; 135 . 136 ) rotatably with the spindle ( 30 ) and wherein at least one second locking support body ( 36 ; 136 ) the locking support body ( 35 . 36 ; 135 . 136 ) rotatably with the cylinder ( 21 ), and wherein the spindle ( 30 ) to at least two thrust bearings ( 38 . 39 ; 138 . 139 ), of which a first thrust bearing ( 38 ; 138 ) is intended to be in the first direction ( 31 ) on the spindle ( 30 ) to absorb acting axial forces, and of which a second thrust bearing ( 39 ; 139 ) is intended to move in the second direction ( 32 ) on the spindle ( 30 ) to absorb acting axial forces, and wherein the spindle ( 30 ) with a first bearing body ( 41 ; 141 ) is connected or formed, which has a first storage area ( 43 . 143 ), which a second storage area ( 44 . 144 ) of a rotationally fixed with the cylinder ( 21 ) second bearing body ( 42 ; 142 ), and wherein the first storage area ( 43 ; 143 ) of the first bearing body ( 41 ; 141 ) and the second storage area ( 44 . 144 ) of the second bearing body ( 42 ; 142 ) the second thrust bearing ( 39 ; 139 ) forming a fluid plain bearing ( 45 . 145 ), which via a first fluid channel ( 46 ; 146 ) is acted upon or is acted upon by or with the fluid pressure medium, characterized in that the first locking support body ( 35 ; 135 ) as a first locking cone surface ( 51 ; 151 ), self-locking, first clamping cone body ( 53 . 153 ) and that the second locking support body ( 36 ; 136 ) as a second locking cone surface ( 52 ; 152 ), self-locking, second clamping cone body ( 54 ; 154 ), and wherein the locking cone surfaces ( 51 . 52 ; 151 . 152 ) the clamping cone body ( 53 . 54 ; 153 . 154 ) are clamped together self-locking. Locking cylinder according to claim L, characterized in that the first clamping cone body ( 53 ; 153 ) at least partially in a recess ( 75 ; 175 ), in particular in a chamber ( 75 ; 175 ), of the cylinder ( 21 ), on the one hand from a cylinder bottom ( 40 ) of the cylinder ( 21 ) and on the other hand by one, preferably in one piece with the cylinder ( 21 ), in particular radially and transversely to the longitudinal axis ( 25 ) of the cylinder ( 21 ) approach ( 72 ; 172 ) is limited. Locking cylinder according to claim 2, characterized in that the recess ( 75 ; 175 ) by a seal ( 76 ) opposite the piston ( 22 ) or to a working chamber ( 48 ) sealed between the cylinder ( 21 ) and the piston ( 22 ) and that of the first clamping cone body ( 53 ; 153 ) facing side ( 23.1 ) of the piston ( 22 ), possibly also from the second bearing body ( 142 ) and / or the approach ( 72 ; 172 ), and in which the working channel ( 24.1 ) opens. Locking cylinder according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fluid plain bearing ( 45 ; 145 ) during a movement of the piston ( 22 ) in both the first direction ( 31 ) and in the second direction ( 32 ) and / or during rotation of the spindle ( 30 ) about its axis of rotation ( 33 ), preferably also in the course or during the stopping of the piston ( 22 ), in particular in a holding position of the piston ( 22 ), is acted upon by the fluid pressure medium such that the clamping cone body ( 53 . 54 ; 153 . 154 ) are separated from each other, in particular, are lifted apart from each other so that their locking cone surfaces ( 51 . 52 ; 151 . 152 ) do not touch. Locking cylinder according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in a housing, preferably in one in the region of the thrust bearing ( 38 . 39 ; 138 . 139 ) and / or a cylinder bottom ( 40 ) of the cylinder ( 21 ) or in the cylinder bottom ( 40 ) provided end housing, fluid channels ( 46 . 146 ; 91 . 191 ; 97 . 197 ; 99 . 199 ; 103 . 203 ; 106 . 206 ) and a control unit ( 85 . 185 ) forming tax and / or regulatory bodies ( 108 . 208 ; 88 ; 90 ; 98 . 98 ' . 198 ; 104 ) between connection lines or bores ( 86 . 87 ) for an alternating supply or discharge of the pressure medium and fluid channels ( 24.1 . 24.2 ) to either side of the piston ( 22 ) ( 48 . 49 ) and to the fluid bearings ( 45 . 145 ) are arranged. Locking cylinder according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that between one with a first working chamber ( 48 . 49 ) fluid-connected first working channel ( 24.1 . 24.2 ) and a second fluid channel ( 107 . 86 ; 207 . 87 ), in particular one or the return or discharge channel ( 86 . 87 ), a means ( 90 ) for limiting the pressure and / or volume flow of the pressure medium via or through a passageway between the first working channel ( 24.1 . 24.2 ) and the second fluid channel ( 107 . 86 ; 207 . 87 ) depending on the pressure in one with a second working chamber ( 49 . 48 ) fluid-connected second working channel ( 24.2 . 24.1 ), wherein the first working chamber ( 48 . 49 ) of a first page ( 23.1 . 23.2 ) of the piston ( 22 ), preferably bounded by the latter, and in the direction ( 32 ) an axial movement of the piston ( 22 ) parallel to the longitudinal axis ( 25 ) of the cylinder ( 21 ) or parallel to the axis of rotation ( 33 ) of the spindle ( 30 ) looks behind or behind the piston ( 22 ), and wherein the second working chamber ( 49 . 48 ) a second page ( 23.2 ; 23.1 ) of the piston ( 22 ), preferably bounded by the latter, and in the said direction ( 32 ), in front of the piston ( 22 ) is arranged. Locking cylinder according to claim 6, characterized in that the means ( 90 ) as lowering brake valve or load-holding counterbalance valve ( 90 ) designed with one with the second working chamber ( 49 . 48 ) fluid-connected control channel ( 91 ) for controlling the pressure in the second working chamber ( 49 . 48 ) counteracting back pressure in the first working chamber ( 48 . 49 ) is coupled. Locking cylinder according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that between one with the fluid plain bearing ( 45 . 145 ) fluid-connected fluid channel ( 46 . 146 ) and two mutually serving as a flow channel or return channel connection channels ( 86 . 87 ) a means ( 104 ) for releasing a first passageway between the fluid channel ( 46 . 146 ) and a first connection channel ( 86 ) of the connection channels ( 86 . 87 ) and, preferably substantially simultaneously, shutting off a second passageway between the fluid channel (FIG. 46 . 146 ) and a second connection channel ( 87 ) of the connection channels ( 86 . 87 ) or for releasing the second passageway between the fluid channel ( 46 . 146 ) and the second connection channel ( 87 ) and, preferably substantially simultaneously ', shutting off the first passageway between the fluid channel (FIG. 46 . 146 ) and the first connection channel ( 86 ) is arranged. Locking cylinder according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that between a first fluid channel ( 47 . 147 ), which when the locking-supporting body ( 35 . 36 ; 135 . 136 ) or the clamping cone body ( 53 . 54 ; 153 . 154 ) are clamped together with respect to the fluid bearing ( 45 . 145 ) fluid-connected fluid channel ( 46 . 146 ) and then when the locking support body ( 35 . 36 ; 135 . 136 ) or the clamping cone body ( 53 . 54 ; 153 . 154 ) are lifted apart from each other, with the fluid channel ( 46 . 146 ) is fluidly connected, and a second fluid channel ( 103 . 24.2 ; 203 . 24.1 ), which with a or the working chamber ( 49 . 48 ) is fluidly connected, a means ( 98 . 98 '; 198 ) for the purpose of shutting off or releasing or, if necessary, throttling or releasing a passageway between the first fluid channel ( 47 . 147 ) and the second fluid channel ( 103 . 24.2 ; 203 . 24.1 ) is arranged. Method for the non-rotatable frictional locking of a lock about an axis of rotation ( 33 ) rotatable spindle ( 30 ), preferably the features of at least one of claims 1 to 9 having, locking cylinder ( 20 . 120 ), against rotation about its axis of rotation ( 33 ) relative to a cylinder ( 21 ) of the locking cylinder ( 20 . 120 ), which has a piston ( 22 ), with the help of one side ( 23.1 ) of the piston ( 22 ) via a working channel ( 24.1 ) or both sides ( 23.1 . 23.2 ) of the piston ( 22 ) about these pages ( 23.1 . 23.2 ) associated work channels ( 24.1 . 24.2 ) deliverable fluid pressure medium parallel to the longitudinal axis ( 25 ) of the cylinder ( 21 ) in a first direction ( 31 ) and in a second direction ( 32 ) opposite to the first direction ( 31 ) is movable, and with a piston thread ( 26 ), which forms a non-self-locking thread ( 27 ) with a spindle thread ( 28 ) of the frictionally engaged and by gravity automatically lockable spindle ( 30 ) which are parallel to the longitudinal axis ( 30 ) of the cylinder ( 21 ) arranged rotary axis ( 33 ) relative to the cylinder ( 21 ) rotatable and relative to the cylinder ( 21 ) in the axial direction ( 59 ) is axially displaceable, wherein at least two in a mutual frictional locking engagement convertible locking support body ( 35 . 36 ; 135 . 136 ) are provided, which are intended, the spindle ( 30 ) frictionally engaged against rotation about its axis of rotation ( 33 ) and in the second direction ( 32 ) on the spindle ( 30 ) to receive acting axial forces, and wherein at least a first locking support body ( 35 ; 135 ) the locking support body ( 35 . 36 ; 135 . 136 ) rotatably with the spindle ( 30 ), and wherein at least one second locking support body ( 36 ; 136 ) the locking support body ( 35 . 36 ; 135 . 136 ) rotatably with the cylinder ( 21 ), and wherein the spindle ( 30 ) to at least two thrust bearings ( 38 . 39 ; 138 . 139 ), of which a first thrust bearing ( 38 ; 138 ) is intended to be in the first direction ( 31 ) on the spindle ( 30 ) acting axial force and of which a second thrust bearing ( 39 ; 139 ) is intended to move in the second direction ( 32 ) on the spindle ( 30 ) to absorb acting axial forces, and wherein the spindle ( 30 ) with a first bearing body ( 41 ; 141 ) is connected or formed, which has a first storage area ( 43 ; 143 ), which a second storage area ( 44 ; 144 ) of a rotationally fixed with the cylinder ( 21 ) second bearing body ( 42 ; 142 ), and wherein the first storage area ( 43 ; 143 ) of the first bearing body ( 41 ; 141 ) and the second storage area ( 44 ; 144 ) of the second bearing body ( 42 ; 142 ) the second thrust bearing ( 39 ; 139 ) forming a fluid plain bearing ( 45 ; 145 ), which via a first fluid channel ( 46 ; 146 ) is acted upon or acted upon by a fluid pressure medium or is characterized in that at least one of the locking support body ( 35 ; 135 ) of one rotation of the spindle ( 30 ) about its axis of rotation ( 33 ) relative to the cylinder ( 21 ) enabling unlocking position is transferred to a locking position in which the locking support body ( 35 . 36 ; 135 . 136 ) frictionally locked by static friction and are clamped together so self-locking that you can be transferred only under exercise of the clamping release solving forces in the unlocked position. Method for unlocking a non-rotatable and friction-locked as well as gravity automatically against rotation about its axis of rotation ( 33 ) relative to a cylinder ( 21 ), preferably the features of at least one of claims 1 to 9 having, locking cylinder ( 20 . 120 ), locked spindle ( 30 ) of the locking cylinder ( 20 . 120 ), which has a piston ( 22 ), which by means of one side ( 23.1 ) of the piston ( 22 ) via a working channel ( 24.1 ) or both sides ( 23.1 . 23.2 ) of the piston ( 22 ) about these pages ( 23.1 . 23.2 ) associated work channels ( 24.1 . 24.2 ) deliverable fluid pressure medium parallel to the longitudinal axis ( 25 ) of the cylinder ( 21 ) in a first direction ( 31 ) and in a second direction ( 32 ) opposite to the first direction ( 31 ) is movable, and with a piston thread ( 26 ), which forms a non-self-locking thread ( 27 ) with a spindle thread ( 28 ) of the spindle ( 30 ) in the unlocked state about their parallel to the longitudinal axis ( 25 ) of the cylinder ( 21 ) arranged rotary axis ( 33 ) relative to the cylinder ( 21 ) rotatable and relative to the cylinder ( 21 ) is axially displaceable in the axial direction, wherein at least two locking support body ( 35 . 36 ; 135 . 136 ) are provided, by means of which the spindle ( 30 ) in the locked state frictionally against rotation about its axis of rotation ( 33 ) relative to the cylinder ( 21 ) is locked, the locking support body ( 35 . 36 ; 135 . 136 ) in the second direction on the spindle ( 30 ) receive acting axial forces, and wherein the locking support body ( 35 . 36 ; 135 . 136 ) can be converted into an unlocking position in which the spindle ( 30 ) about its axis of rotation ( 33 ) relative to the cylinder ( 21 ) and at least one first locking support body ( 35 ; 135 ) the locking support body ( 35 . 36 ; 135 . 136 ) rotatably with the spindle ( 30 ) and wherein at least one second locking support body ( 36 ; 136 ) the locking support body ( 35 . 36 ; 135 . 136 ) rotatably with the cylinder ( 21 ), and wherein the spindle ( 30 ) to at least two thrust bearings ( 38 . 39 ; 138 . 139 ), of which a first thrust bearing ( 38 ; 138 ) is intended to be in the first direction ( 31 ) on the spindle ( 30 ) to absorb acting axial forces, and of which a second thrust bearing ( 39 ; 139 ) is intended to move in the second direction ( 32 ) on the spindle ( 30 ) to absorb acting axial forces, and wherein the spindle ( 30 ) with a first bearing body ( 41 ; 141 ) which is intended to be connected in the second direction ( 32 ) on the spindle ( 30 ) to absorb acting axial forces and a first bearing surface ( 43 ; 143 ), which a second storage area ( 44 ; 144 ) of a rotationally fixed with the cylinder ( 21 ) second bearing body ( 42 ; 142 ), and wherein the first storage area ( 43 ; 143 ) of the first bearing body ( 41 ; 141 ) and the second storage area ( 44 ; 144 ) of the second bearing body ( 42 ; 142 ) the second thrust bearing ( 39 ; 139 ) forming a fluid plain bearing ( 45 ; 145 ), which via a first fluid channel ( 46 ; 146 ) is acted upon or is acted upon by or with the fluid pressure medium, characterized in that at least one of the locking support body ( 35 . 135 ) from a locking position in which the locking support bodies ( 35 . 36 ; 135 . 136 ) are frictionally locked by static friction and jammed so mitein other self-locking that they only under exercise of the clamping solving dissolving forces in a one rotation of the spindle ( 30 ) about its axis of rotation ( 33 ) relative to the cylinder ( 21 ) enabling unlocking position can be transferred, is transferred to the unlocked position. Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the locking support bodies ( 35 . 36 ; 135 . 136 ) from the locking position, in which they are frictionally clamped by friction with each other self-locking, by applying the hydrostatic fluid bearing ( 45 ; 145 ) with the fluid pressure medium in one rotation of the spindle ( 30 ) about its axis of rotation ( 33 ) relative to the cylinder ( 21 ) enabling unlocking position or be transferred to an unlocking position in which the spindle ( 30 ) relative to the cylinder ( 21 ) is substantially unhindered or freely rotatable. Method according to claim 12, characterized in that the locking cone surfaces ( 51 . 52 ; 151 . 152 ) having Verriege lung support body ( 35 . 36 ; 135 . 136 ) from the locking position, in which they are frictionally clamped by friction with each other self-locking, by applying the hydrostatic fluid bearing ( 45 ; 145 ) are transferred with the fluid pressure medium in a lifting and unlocking position, in which the locking support body ( 35 . 36 ; 135 . 136 ) are lifted apart from each other so that their locking cone surfaces ( 51 . 52 ; 151 . 152 ) do not touch anymore. Method according to at least one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that, preferably by means of a control device or devices ( 85 . 185 ), first the fluid plain bearing ( 45 . 145 ) is acted upon by the pressure medium to a rotation of the spindle ( 30 ) about its axis of rotation ( 33 ) relative to the cylinder ( 21 ) and / or to lift off the locking support body ( 35 . 36 ; 135 . 136 ) or the clamping cone body ( 53 . 54 ; 153 . 154 ) from the locking position, in which they are frictionally clamped together by friction with one another, in a lift-off and unlocking position, in which the locking support body ( 35 . 36 ; 135 . 136 ) or the clamping cone body ( 53 . 54 ; 153 . 154 ) are lifted apart from each other so that their locking cone surfaces ( 51 . 52 ) at least partially not touch, and that only then the pressure medium of a working chamber ( 48 . 49 ) is fed to one side ( 23.1 . 23.2 ) of the piston ( 22 ), preferably delimited therefrom, is a movement of the piston ( 22 ) in an axial direction ( 59 ) parallel to the longitudinal axis ( 25 ) of the cylinder ( 21 ) or parallel to the axis of rotation ( 33 ) of the spindle ( 30 ) to enable, assist or effect. Locking cylinder according to claim 14, characterized in that first the fluid plain bearing ( 45 . 145 ) via a or the fluid channel ( 46 . 146 ) is acted upon by the pressure medium, whereby a lifting of the locking support body ( 35 . 36 ; 135 . 136 ) or the clamping cone body ( 53 . 54 ; 153 . 154 ) from the locking position, in which they are frictionally clamped together by friction with one another, is brought into a lifting and unlocking position, in which the locking support body ( 35 . 36 ; 135 . 136 ) or the clamping cone body ( 53 . 54 ; 153 . 154 ) are at least partially lifted from each other, so that their locking cone surfaces ( 51 . 52 ) at least partially not touching, and thereby a passageway between and along the opposite in the off-hook locking cone surfaces ( 51 . 52 ) formed with a or the fluid channel ( 47 . 147 ) is fluidly connected to the working chamber ( 48 . 49 ) is or is fluid-connected, so that the piston ( 22 ) with the through the fluid channel ( 47 . 147 ) in the working chamber ( 48 . 49 ) is applied to a movement of the piston ( 22 ) in an axial direction ( 59 ) parallel to the longitudinal axis ( 25 ) of the cylinder ( 21 ) or parallel to the axis of rotation ( 33 ) of the spindle ( 30 ) to enable, assist or effect.