ES2429341T3 - Piston and cylinder unit with lock and procedure for locking and unlocking a piston and cylinder unit - Google Patents

Abstract

Locking cylinder (20, 120) with a cylinder (21) and with a piston (22) that with the help of a fluid pressure means that can be supplied to one side (23.1) of the piston (22) through a channel working (24.1) or both sides (23.1, 23.2) of the piston (22) through working channels (24.1, 24.2) assigned to said sides (23.1, 23.2) can move parallel to the longitudinal axis (25) of the cylinder (21) in a first direction (31) and in a second direction (32) opposite to the first direction (31) and which is provided with a piston thread (26) forming a non-self-locking thread (27) is engaged with a spindle thread (28) of a spindle (30) automatically lockable by friction and gravity which can rotate with respect to the cylinder (21) around a rotation axis (33) arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis (25) of the cylinder (21) and which can slide axially with respect to the cylinder (21) in the axial direction (59), in which at least two blocking support bodies are provided (35, 36; 135, 136) which can be passed to a mutually friction locking gear and are intended to lock the spindle (30) by friction against a rotation around its axis of rotation (33) and absorb axial forces acting on the spindle (30) in the second direction (32), and in which at least a first locking support body (35; 135) of the blocking support bodies (35, 36; 135, 136) is connected with the spindle (30) in a non-rotating manner, and in which at least a second locking support body (36; 136) of the blocking support bodies (35, 36; 135, 136) is connected to the cylinder (21) in a non-rotating manner, and in which the spindle (30) is supported on at least two axial bearings (38, 39; 138, 139), a first axial bearing (38; 138) thereof being designed to absorb axial forces acting on the spindle (30) in the first direction (31) and a second axial bearing (39; 139) being designed to absorb axial forces acting s lock the spindle 20 (30) in the second direction (32), and in which the spindle (30) is attached or made with a first support body (41; 141) having a first support surface (43; 143) opposite a second support surface (44; 144) of a second support body (42; 142) joined with the cylinder (21) non-rotatably, and wherein the first support surface (43; 143) of the first support body (41; 141) and the second support surface (44; 144) of the second support body (42; 142) form the second axial bearing ( 39; 139) which is made as a hydrostatic fluid slide bearing (45, 145) which is charged through a first fluid channel (46; 146) or can be loaded with one or the fluid pressure means, characterized in that the first locking support body (35; 135) is made as the first self-locking conical tightening body (53; 153) having first conical locking surfaces (51; 151) and because the second locking support body (36; 136 ) is made as a second conical tightening body (54; 154), self-locking second 30 tapered locking surfaces (52; 152), and because the conical locking surfaces (51, 52; 151, 152) of the conical tightening bodies (53, 54; 153, 154) can be joined together by self-locking tightening, and because the first conical body tightening (53; 153) is at least partly housed in a cavity (75; 175) of the cylinder (21) which is limited on the one hand by a cylinder bottom (40) of the cylinder (21) and, on the other hand , by an appendix (72; 172) that extends radially and transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis (25) of the cylinder (21) and which is disposed between the first conical tightening body (53; 153) and the piston (22) , and because the first fluid channel (46; 146) flows, on a first side (65, 165) of the first conical tightening body (53, 153), into the cavity (75, 175) assigned to its first conical surfaces lock (51, 151) inclined towards the axis of rotation (33) of the spindle (30), and because the cavity (75; 175) is sealed by a gasket (76) with respect cto the piston (22) or a working chamber (48) formed between the cylinder (21) and the piston (22) that is delimited by the side (23.1) of the piston (22), oriented towards the first conical tightening body (53; 153), and where the working channel ends (24.1).

Description

Piston and cylinder unit with lock and procedure for locking and unlocking a piston and cylinder unit

The invention relates to a locking cylinder according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to a method for locking a locking cylinder according to claim 8 and a method for unlocking a locking cylinder according to claim 9.

Locking cylinders of this type appear to have been disclosed, for example, by documents DE-OS2039296, DE3629677A1 and DE19633412A1 in the form of friction-blocking work cylinders. In these work cylinders, a friction lock of a rotating spindle with respect to the cylinder can be carried out with the help of friction rings, as a friction brake. In the event of a failure of the hydraulics or a leak, the spindle is automatically locked, exclusively by gravity and additionally by friction by the load acting on the piston, that is to say by frictional force. For the unlocking of the friction rings, one of the friction rings can be raised from the other friction ring in the axial direction, next to the spindle, by the application of a pressure exerted by a fluid pressure means, so that then The spindle can rotate with respect to the cylinder around its axis of rotation and, in this way, the piston coupled to the spindle can move in the axial direction. The safety of these work cylinders against unlocking and, therefore, against sinking the load is limited due to the construction.

Other work cylinders were also disclosed with an integrated friction lift brake comprising mobile braking bodies that, due to a spring force of one or more springs acting permanently on them, cause a braking and, therefore, a one piston stop. Said braking bodies can be released, that is, lifted from the braking counter-bodies in the axial direction by the action of a force exerted on them by a fluid pressure means in a direction opposite to the spring force, so that then the sliding of the piston with respect to the cylinder is possible. All these work cylinders are of relatively complex manufacturing and construction and require a relatively large space due to their construction.

A working cylinder of this type was disclosed for example by document DE29720838U1. According to this, a spindle is supported at one end by two axial bearings rotatably with respect to a cylinder, around its axis of rotation, being held in one of the axial bearings securely against the axial sliding. The other axial bearing supports a rotating cone with an outer cone that is fixed to the spindle in a non-rotating way and that can be braked through a conical brake piston with an inner cone that is fixed to the cylinder in a non-rotating way and that can be used as a brake of elevation, being slidable in the axial direction against the spring force of a spring. This braking device allows only a friction braking of the spindle and, therefore, of the piston coupled with it through the self-locking thread of the spindle. The braking force exerted by the compression spring remains unchanged regardless of the load to be moved by the piston, so that this work cylinder is only suitable for ascending or descending relatively light loads, but not for moving heavy loads , without considerable security losses.

Other work cylinders of this type were disclosed, for example, by documents DE3831459A1 and US6,612,221B1. These work cylinders are linear actors, whose pistons are fixed to a piston rod without thread or secure against axial movement with respect to the piston rod. These work cylinders also comprise conical braking bodies permanently requested by the spring forces of one or more springs, thereby achieving a friction block of the piston with respect to the cylinder. These braking bodies can also be released by the action of pressure forces of a fluid pressure means against the forces of the springs.

In the case of document DE3831459A1, the conical surfaces of a clamp appendix made as an outer cone and a part of the piston act on the conical surfaces of several clamp tabs of an extendable ring which are elastically deformable in the radial direction and respectively provided with An inner cone These are arranged uniformly by the contour at a distance between them and also form a part of the piston. The cylindrical outer surfaces of the clamping tongues, oriented in the opposite direction to the corresponding inner cone, are opposite to the cylindrical inner surfaces of a cylindrical sleeve of a cylindrical housing. In the resting state, the clamping tabs are pressed out radially against the cylinder sleeve due to the request by the force of disc springs. Due to this widening of the extensible tongues, a friction clamping joint is produced between the clamping tongues and the cylinder housing, whereby the cylinder housing and the piston and therefore also the piston piston are immobilized being coupled to each other. by friction This construction is complicated and is not suitable for ascending or descending heavy loads.

In the case of document US6,612,221B1, on a piston rod there is provided a tubular conical clamping element with an outer cone that is fixed to a cylinder and which is intended to act in friction with the outer surface of a rod of piston. A rectilinear ball bearing that extends in the axial direction is housed on said clamping element. A braking actuator body, in the form of a flange, is in turn housed on said ball bearing, which is permanently applied axially by the spring force of several compression springs, such that, in the rest state , the piston rod is blocked by friction with the cylinder. The ball bearing serves to reduce friction between the braking drive body and the clamping element, so that no tightening can occur in this area. This work cylinder is also of relatively complicated construction and manufacturing and its safety against unlocking is limited, so that this work cylinder is also not suitable for ascending and / or descending heavy loads.

From document DE102007024736A1 of the applicant a lockable pressure lock cylinder with unilateral support in fluid sliding bearing was disclosed. In this locking cylinder, several sliding bolts in the axial direction are provided which, because of the spring forces of compression springs assigned to said locking bolts, can engage in locking cavities, provided with outlet bevels, of an appendix in the form of a flange fixed in a non-rotating manner to a spindle. In this way, the spindle rotation can be blocked in one direction of rotation by blocking positively, while in the other direction of rotation, the spindle can still rotate with respect to the cylinder around its axis of rotation. To absorb axial forces acting on the spindle in the direction of loading, the flange-shaped appendix is made with a support and support body that is made cylindrical and coaxial with respect to the axis of rotation of the spindle and which extends in the axial direction towards the bottom of the cylinder and has at its end located at the bottom of the cylinder a support surface and flat support made normally with respect to the axis of rotation of the spindle. This support and support surface is opposed to an equally flat support and support counter-surface of a sliding bearing disc supported at the bottom of the cylinder. The support and support surface and the support and support counter-surface can form a sliding bearing by hydrostatic fluid that can be loaded with a fluid pressure medium. On its opposite side to the locking cavities, the flange-shaped appendix rests on a needle bearing that also serves to support the spindle. The locking safety of this locking cylinder satisfies high demands even in the case of heavy loads and / or high piston speed. However, this locking cylinder is correspondingly complex construction and its manufacture also requires corresponding time and expense.

From US2,632,426A, a locking cylinder according to the preamble of claim 1 also appears to have been disclosed, and in this construction, a rotating spindle around a spindle rotation axis carries a conical brake disc which can be brake in a conical brake drum under the action of the weight of a load to be lifted. By introducing a pressure means into a working pressure chamber under a cylinder piston, which is rotatably connected to the spindle through a threaded coupling, the piston can move in the axial direction. By this axial movement of the piston, initially a limited axial movement of the spindle is achieved to lift the brake disc from the brake drum, after which the continuation of the movement of the piston in the axial direction causes only a rotation of the spindle by its threaded coupling with the piston. This construction comprises a separate device for releasing the cylinder, in the form of another cylinder and another piston that is fixed to one end of the spindle protruding from the cylinder downwards.

This device for releasing the cylinder serves exclusively to release the brake disc of the brake drum when the descent of the piston with the load is desired, to allow under the action of the load a spindle rotation simultaneously lowering the pressure in the cylinder, of so that in this way the piston can descend under the load with the simultaneous rotation of the spindle. This construction requires a relatively large space and its operational safety is limited.

Therefore, the invention aims to provide a locking cylinder and a method for locking as well as a method for unlocking a locking cylinder, which with a relatively simple and robust construction that saves space and can be manufactured in a manner relatively inexpensive, it still offers, even in the case of heavy loads, high operational reliability for a long time.

This objective is achieved by the characteristics of claims 1, 8 and 9.

Accordingly, the invention relates to a locking cylinder with a cylinder and with a piston which with the help of a fluid pressure means that can be supplied to one side of the piston through a working channel or to both sides of the piston a through working channels assigned to said sides, it can move parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder in a first direction and in a second direction opposite to the first direction and which is provided with a piston thread forming a non-self-locking thread is engaged with a spindle thread of a spindle lockable by friction, that is by friction force, and preferably exclusively by gravity, especially by a load acting on the piston, automatically, preferably without actuation, especially without the action or support of force accumulators such as springs, which can rotate with respect to the cylinder around an axis of rotation arranged positioned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder and which can slide axially, preferably only slightly, with respect to the cylinder, in the axial direction or parallel to its axis of rotation, in which at least two locking support bodies are provided which can be made move to a mutually locking gear by friction and which are intended to lock the spindle by friction against a rotation about its axis of rotation and absorb axial forces acting on the spindle in the second direction, preferably in such a way that, in the locked state, the spindle is supported on the cylinder being secured against a movement in the second direction, and in which at least a first locking support body of the locking support bodies is connected with the spindle or fixed to the spindle of non-rotating form, preferably rigidly, and in which at least a second locking support body of the blocking support bodies is connected with the cylinder or fixed to the cylinder in a non-rotating manner, preferably rigidly, and in which the spindle is supported on at least two axial bearings preferably located at a distance between them in the axial direction, a first axial bearing being designed to absorb forces axial acting on the spindle in the first direction and a second axial bearing being designed to absorb axial forces acting on the spindle in the second direction, and in which the spindle is attached or made with a first support body that has a first bearing body first support surface opposite a second support surface of a second support body, preferably from the bottom of the cylinder, connected with the cylinder or fixed to the cylinder in a non-rotating manner, preferably rigidly, and in which the first surface of support of the first support body and the second support surface of the second support body form the second cushion axial te that is made as a fluid sliding bearing, preferably hydrostatic, that through a first fluid channel is loaded or can be loaded with one or the fluid pressure medium, and in which the first locking support body is made as the first conical body of self-locking or self-locking action that has first conical locking surfaces, and in which the second locking support body is made as the second conical body of self-locking or self-locking action that has second conical surfaces of locking, and in which the conical locking surfaces of the conical tightening bodies are joined by tightening or are joined by tightening between them in a self-locking manner, and in which the first conical tightening body is at least partly housed in a cylinder cavity that is limited on the one hand by a cylinder bottom and, on the other hand, by an appendix that is extends radially and transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder and which is disposed between the first conical tightening body and the piston, and in which the first fluid channel flows, on a first side of the first conical tightening body, into the cavity assigned to its first conical locking surfaces inclined towards the axis of rotation of the spindle, and in which the cavity is sealed by a seal with respect to the piston or to a working chamber formed between the cylinder and the piston that is delimited by the side of the piston, oriented towards the first conical tightening body, and into which the working channel ends.

In other words, when their conical locking surfaces are in mutual contact, the conical tightening bodies can be joined together by self-locking tightening by static friction, or when their conical locking surfaces are brought into mutual contact, the bodies Conical tightening can be joined by tightening in a self-locking way by static friction.

By means of the measures described above, a self-locking tightening block can be achieved or achieved by friction of the spindle both against the rotation with respect to the cylinder around its axis of rotation and against the movement or sliding of the spindle or the first conical tightening body non-rotatably coupled with it, in the axial direction or in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the spindle.

Since or if the first conical tightening body is at least partly housed in a cavity, especially in a chamber, of the cylinder, preferably of one or of the bottom of the cylinder, which is delimited by one or the bottom of the cylinder and, by on the other hand, by an appendix that is preferably joined or made in one piece with the cylinder and that extends especially radially and transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder or the axis of rotation of the spindle and which is arranged between the first Conical tightening body and the piston, an advantageous base can be provided for a regulation or a particularly preferable control of the locking and / or lifting process, with a construction that remains simple and robust and saving space.

These advantages and additionally particularly advantageous pressure conditions are achieved because or if the first conical tightening body is at least partly housed in a cavity, especially in a chamber, of the cylinder, preferably of one or of the bottom of the cylinder, in the which flows the first fluid channel on a first side of the conical tightening body, assigned to the first conical locking surfaces thereof, inclined towards the axis of rotation of the spindle. In other words, the first fluid channel may be arranged on the side of the first conical tightening body, to which its or the first conical locking surfaces are inclined.

Since the cavity is sealed by a joint with respect to the piston or to one or the working chamber that is formed between the cylinder and the piston and delimited by the side of the piston, oriented towards the first conical tightening body, and if necessary , also by the second support body and / or by the appendix and into which the working channel ends, functionality and operational safety are achieved or increased in particular.

The locking cylinder according to the invention can be manufactured in a particularly simple and economical way with a space-saving construction that is especially robust, and thanks to the locking or the self-locking tightening joint itself offers relatively high operational safety in all possible operating states, that is, not only during normal operation, but also in case of overloads and / or in case of a possible pressure failure or a possible leak. Contrary to the blocking or braking constructions known by the state of the art, which work by friction, according to the invention, a self-locking block of the spindle itself can be achieved or achieved in relation to a rotation with respect to the cylinder around its cylinder axis of rotation, that is, even without driving or load forces being introduced through the spindle. Therefore, according to the invention, a double lock or a double self-locking spindle lock with respect to the cylinder can be achieved.

According to the invention, during the shutdown a particularly large degree of negative action can be performed, whereby it is possible to increase the safety of the self-locking compared to the constructions known in the state of the art.

Preferably, the conical tightening bodies may be configured in the form of a truncated cone. At least one of the conical tightening bodies, especially the first conical tightening body may be made with

or as a conical disc or truncated cone-shaped disc.

The locking cylinder may preferably have a hollow piston or a piston nut with an internal thread, in combination with a spindle with an external thread. However, it is understood that, alternatively, the locking cylinder may also have a hollow spindle or a spindle nut with an external thread in combination with a piston with an external thread.

Preferably, the locking cylinder can be a threaded spindle rotatably supported with respect to the cylinder, in combination with a spindle nut non-rotatably supported with respect to the cylinder, especially with a threaded piston, which can be attached with a body drive that leaves the cylinder, especially a piston rod. Alternatively, in kinematic inversion, the locking cylinder may comprise a non-rotating threaded spindle and a rotatably supported spindle nut, especially a piston rod.

Preferably, it may be provided that the first locking support body and the first support body are joined or manufactured in one piece and / or that they constitute a first locking and support support body, preferably common, and / or that the second locking support body and the second support body are joined or manufactured in one piece and / or form a second locking and support support body, preferably common. In this way, an even simpler, more compact and robust construction is achieved at the same time as an especially economical manufacturing.

In a variant according to the invention, it may be provided that the first locking and supporting support body is configured as the first conical body of self-locking or self-locking action having first conical locking surfaces and that the second locking support body and of support is configured as a second conical body of self-locking or self-locking action that has second conical locking surfaces. This allows the advantages described above to be achieved in particular.

According to an especially preferable embodiment, it can be provided that the first conical locking surfaces of the first conical tightening body form with the spindle the first inclination angle and that the second conical locking surfaces of the second conical tightening body form with the longitudinal axis of the cylinder or with the axis of rotation of the spindle a second angle of inclination, the first angle of inclination and the second angle of inclination being equal, preferably four to ten or thirteen, especially four to seven degrees, preferably from six to seven degrees, respectively. In this way, in combination with favorable pairing of materials, a tightening joint characterized by static friction between the conical tightening bodies can always be achieved in combination with a self-locking or in combination with a degree of negative action of the joint itself. In contrast, in complex experiments it was shown that depending on the suitable material pairings chosen from conical bodies with an inclination angle respectively greater than between 10 and 13 degrees, no joint is achieved by self-locking tightening.

According to an advantageous variant, it can be provided that the first conical tightening body is made with or as an outer cone and that the second conical tightening body is made with or as an inner cone. It is understood, however, that alternatively, the first conical tightening body may also be configured with or as an inner cone and that the second conical tightening body may also be configured with or as an outer cone.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the first conical tightening body narrows conically in the direction of the axis of rotation of the spindle and in the opposite direction to the piston, towards a bottom of the cylinder, and / or that the first conical tightening body narrows conical in the direction towards the axis of rotation of the spindle and in the opposite direction to the piston

or in the opposite direction to the bottom of the cylinder.

In addition, it can be provided that the first conical locking surfaces of the first conical tightening body are arranged in the area or on its side facing away from the piston, towards one or the bottom of the cylinder, and that the second conical locking surfaces of the second conical tightening body are arranged in the area on its side oriented towards the piston, in the opposite direction to the cylinder bottom, and / or that the first conical locking surfaces of the first conical tightening body are arranged in the area or on its side oriented in the direction towards the piston, in the direction opposite to the cylinder bottom, and that the second conical locking surfaces of the second conical tightening body are arranged in the area or on its side oriented in the direction opposite to the piston, towards the bottom of the cylinder

According to an advantageous variant, the first conical tightening body may be provided to form one end of the spindle, preferably one end of the spindle, located on the bottom side of the cylinder. In other words, one end of the spindle, preferably the end of the spindle, located on the bottom side of the cylinder, can be made with or as the first conical tightening body. In this way, a construction that can be manufactured especially easily and economically and that is compact and robust is possible.

Likewise, it may be provided that the second support body is made with or as a bottom of the cylinder or with or as the bottom of the cylinder and / or that the second support body is made as an attached attachment or preferably manufactured in a single piece with the cylinder, which extends especially radially and transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder or the axis of rotation of the spindle and which is disposed between the first conical tightening body and the piston.

Likewise, it can be provided that the first conical tightening body is supported through the first axial bearing in the fixedly attached appendix, preferably rigidly with the cylinder, or in one or the cylinder bottom.

Likewise, it may be provided that the first axial bearing is a bearing, especially a needle bearing, preferably an annular bearing and / or a fluid sliding bearing, preferably hydrostatic, that can be loaded or loaded with a fluid pressure means. Therefore, in other words, both the first axial bearing and the second axial bearing can be made as a fluid sliding bearing, preferably hydrostatic. In this way, an even more economical and more robust construction can be achieved with greater space savings and even a construction in which a locking cylinder according to the invention cannot be locked only by pressure or tension, but also at pressure as well as traction.

Another improvement in the sense of the advantages described above can be achieved in such a way that in the cavity located on a second side of the first conical tightening body, oriented in the opposite direction to the first side of the first conical tightening body, preferably directly adjacent to the first conical locking surfaces of the first conical tightening body, a second fluid channel ends, and in the locked state in which the conical tightening bodies are in mutual contact, the first fluid channel and the second channel of fluid are separated from each other, especially sealed against each other, by a part of the first conical tightening body, which comprises the first conical locking surfaces.

Likewise, it can be provided that a second fluid channel or the second fluid channel empties into the cavity directly adjacent to the first conical locking surfaces of the first conical tightening body.

An especially advantageous pressure distribution can be achieved if the first fluid channel or the second fluid channel flows into an area of the cavity or fluid slide bearing, which comprises or crosses the axis of rotation of the spindle.

Functionality and operational safety can be further increased in particular if the first fluid channel and / or the second fluid channel is or are stagnant with respect to one or the working chamber that is formed between the cylinder and the piston and delimited by the side of the piston, oriented towards the first conical tightening body, and if necessary, also by the second support body and / or by the appendix, and into which the working channel ends.

It may be especially advantageous if the gasket is in contact with a screw-free part of the spindle, disposed between the first conical tightening body and the spindle thread and / or the piston, and that rests on the second support body and / or in the appendix.

According to an especially preferable embodiment, it can be provided that, seen in a cross-section comprising the longitudinal axis of the cylinder or the axis of rotation of the spindle and running parallel to the longitudinal axis or the axis of rotation, the cavity has a T-shaped cross-section In this way, a locking cylinder can be made that works especially precisely and that locks in a particularly safe way, both under functional aspects and under safety aspects. The first conical tightening body and the second conical tightening body or the cavity delimited at least in part by it may preferably be rotationally symmetrically configured. The first conical tightening body may be rotationally symmetrically configured with respect to the axis of rotation of the spindle and the second conical tightening body and / or the cavity delimited at least in part by it may be rotationally symmetrically configured with respect to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder or axis of rotation of the spindle.

Another simplified, space-saving and robust construction can be achieved if the first axial bearing and / or the second axial bearing are arranged in the cavity and / or made with wall parts that delimit the cavity.

Another improvement of the construction is achieved if the first axial bearing is disposed between the first conical tightening body and the second support body and / or the appendix and / or if the second axial bearing is disposed between the first conical tightening body and the appendix

Especially advantageous support and support conditions can be achieved if the first axial bearing is at least partially supported in an annular groove of support of the cavity or made or delimited with an annular groove of support of the cavity.

For safe operation of the locking cylinder, it can be especially advantageous that, seen in a perpendicular projection with respect to the axis of rotation of the spindle, that is, in a direction of projection running parallel to the axis of rotation of the spindle, the first support surface of the first conical tightening body is larger than a surface of the spindle located on the side of the joint, sealed by the joint of the cavity in which the first conical tightening body is at least partly housed, and preferably located in direct or indirect fluid communication with a working chamber, preferably with the pressure medium located in one or the working chamber that is formed between the cylinder and the piston and delimited by the side of the piston, oriented towards the first conical body of tightening, and if necessary, also by one or the second support body and / or the appendix, and into which the working channel ends.

Alternatively or additionally it may be provided that the first support surface of the first conical tightening body, which can be loaded or that is loaded with the fluid pressure means, has an outer diameter, and that the gasket has an inner diameter, the diameter being outside of the first larger support surface, preferably much larger than the inside diameter of the joint or than the outside diameter of the screw-free part of the spindle with which the joint is in contact and / or in communication with fluid with the working chamber. Also in this way the advantages mentioned above can be achieved or further improved.

An axial support of the rotating spindle, suitable for many or even for all possible operating states, that is to say in any of the phases and in any of the positions, even in case of a failure of the hydraulics or in case of leakage, is it can be achieved if during a movement of the piston both in the first direction and in the second direction and / or during a rotation, preferably discretionary, of the spindle around its axis of rotation, preferably also during the stop of the piston, especially also in any position When the piston stops, the fluid slide bearing is loaded or loaded with the fluid pressure medium, so that the conical tightening bodies are loose from each other, especially lifted from each other in such a way that they do not touch its conical locking surfaces, preferably in such a way that the spindle is unlocked.

An especially advantageous unlocking of the friction-locked conical clamping bodies can be achieved if at least one of the conical clamping bodies can be passed or passed from a blocking position in which the conical locking surfaces of the conical tightening bodies are joined together by self-locking tightening by static friction, preferably exclusively by the loading of the sliding bearing by hydrostatic fluid with the fluid pressure means, especially under high pressure, to an unlocking position that preferably it allows the spindle to rotate with respect to the cylinder around its axis of rotation. Therefore, in this way it is possible to release from each other, in the axial direction, the conical tightening bodies initially locked in a self-locking manner, at least in such a way that in principle a rotation of the spindle with respect to the cylinder and, therefore, an unlocking of the spindle, but still maintaining or maintaining a friction joint between the corresponding conical tightening bodies. Accordingly, the friction between the corresponding conical tightening bodies can also be regulated in a staggered or continuous manner.

In addition, it can be provided that at least one of the conical tightening bodies is passed from a locking position in which the conical locking surfaces of the conical tightening bodies are joined together by self-locking tightening by static friction, preferably exclusively by loading the sliding bearing by hydrostatic fluid with the fluid pressure medium, preferably under a high pressure, to a lifting and unlocking position that allows the spindle to rotate with respect to the cylinder around its axis of rotation and in which the conical tightening bodies are raised from each other so that their conical locking surfaces no longer touch. Accordingly, in this way, a total unlocking of the corresponding conical tightening bodies can be performed, so that then almost no friction between the corresponding tightening conical bodies anymore, except for the generally negligible friction caused by the means of pressure present between the conical tightening bodies.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, it may be provided that in a housing, preferably in a final housing provided in the area of the axial bearings and / or of a bottom of the cylinder or at the bottom of the cylinder are arranged fluid channels or flow and junction channels and control and / or regulation bodies that form a control unit, between connecting ducts or drills, intended for alternate supply and evacuation of the pressure medium, and fluid channels to intended work chambers on both sides of the piston, and the fluid sliding bearing. With these measures you get a particularly compact unit. By integrating the control unit, external control and / or regulation bodies and corresponding conduits that are susceptible to damage can be suppressed or dispensed with. Improves assembly safety and at the same time reduces assembly work.

According to a particularly preferable variant, it may be provided that the, preferably all, control and / or regulation bodies of the control unit are operated or controlled by their own means, by the pressure means. In this way a construction is obtained that saves even more space and is even more robust and can be manufactured even more economically. Preferably, power lines can be completely dispensed with. Preferably, the locking cylinder can be operated safely for a long time exclusively by means of a pump for the pressure medium.

According to a particularly preferable embodiment of the invention, it may be provided that between a first working channel which is in fluid communication with a first working chamber and a second fluid channel, especially a return or outlet channel, is provided a means to limit the pressure and / or the flow rate of the pressure medium by or in a passage between the first working channel and the second fluid channel, depending on the pressure in a second working channel that is located in fluid communication with a second working chamber, and that the first working chamber is assigned to a first side of the piston, being preferably limited by it, and arranged behind or after the piston, seen in the direction, especially in the direction the second direction of an axial movement of the piston in parallel with respect to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder or in parallel with respect to the axis of rotation of the spindle, and that the second working chamber is assigned to a second side of the piston, preferably being limited by it, and that it is arranged in front of the piston, seen in said direction. In this way, depending on the pressure of the pressure medium in a working chamber, the pressure of the pressure medium can be controlled or regulated in a working chamber provided on the other side of the piston, so that a pressure is always formed sufficient back pressure, so as to avoid or avoid uncontrolled axial movement, especially an uncontrolled advance of the piston and, consequently, of the piston rod and the load.

The mentioned means may be a lowering brake valve or a lowering and load holding brake valve. Preferably, this may be coupled or in fluid communication with a control channel that is in fluid communication with the second working chamber, for the control or regulation of a back pressure in the first working chamber acting against the pressure in the second working chamber. In this way, uncontrolled axial movement can be prevented or prevented, especially a piston advance especially in one direction, especially in the second direction. In parallel connection to such a means or to the inlet and outlet of a lowering brake valve or lowering and load-holding brake valve, a means may preferably be provided for closing a passage path in a flow direction and to free the path in a direction of opposite flow. Said means may preferably be a check valve.

Preferably, it may be provided that between a fluid channel that is in fluid communication with the fluid slide bearing and two connecting channels that alternately serve as a feed channel or a return channel, a means for freeing is provided a first passage path between the fluid channel and a first connection channel of the connection channels and, preferably, to substantially close at the same time a second passage route between the fluid channel and a second channel connection channel of connection or to free the second passage between the fluid channel and the second connection channel and, preferably, to substantially close at the same time the first passage between the fluid channel and the first connection channel. Said means may preferably be a multi-way valve and / or it may be made with double check valves. In this way, an even more compact and more robust construction and safe operation for a long time can be achieved.

According to a particularly preferable embodiment of the invention, it may be provided that between a first fluid channel that when the locking support bodies or the conical tightening bodies are joined together by tightening it is closed with respect to the fluid channel that is is in fluid communication with the fluid sliding bearing and that when the locking support bodies or the conical tightening bodies are raised from each other it is in fluid communication with the fluid channel, and with a second channel of fluid that is in fluid communication with one or the working chamber, preferably with one or the second working chamber arranged between the piston and a cylinder cover assigned to the free end of the spindle, a means for closing or optional or switchable release or optional throttling or release of a passage path between the first fluid channel and the next ndo fluid channel. Said means may preferably be a stop or stop valve or a throttle / pass switching valve, especially a 2-2 distributor valve. It may be coupled or in fluid communication preferably with a switching or operating channel, through which, when loaded with a pressure medium, a switching from a passage position to a closed or closed position can be achieved. a step position to a throttle position. In this way, an even safer operation of the locking cylinder according to the invention can be performed.

The invention also relates to a method for non-rotating friction locking of the rotating spindle about its axis of rotation of the locking cylinder having the characteristics of at least one of claims 1 to 7, against a rotation with respect to the cylinder around the axis of rotation, in which at least one of the blocking support bodies is preferably passed by sliding, from an unlocking position that allows the spindle to rotate with respect to the cylinder around its axis of rotation, preferably in one direction, preferably in the axial direction, parallel to the axis of rotation of the spindle or to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, to a blocking position in which the blocking support bodies can be joined together by self-locking tightening by static friction, non-rotating, so that only by exerting loosening forces that release the joint by tightening can be passed to the po unlock position. By means of such a procedure, a particularly simple and safe locking of the spindle and, consequently, of the piston, with respect to the cylinder, can be achieved.

According to a variant of this procedure, it can be advantageously provided that at least one of the blocking support bodies is passed from an unlocking position in which the spindle can rotate substantially freely with respect to the cylinder around its axis of rotation, preferably in one or the axial direction, parallel to the axis of rotation of the spindle or to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, to the locked position in which the locking support bodies are joined together by self-locking tightening by static friction, non-rotating, in such a way that only by exerting loosening forces that release the joint by tightening can be passed to the unlocked position in which the spindle can rotate substantially freely with respect to the cylinder around its axis of rotation .

In addition, it may be provided that the blocking support bodies having conical blocking surfaces are passed from a lifting and unlocking position in which the blocking support bodies are raised from each other in such a way that they do not touch their conical locking surfaces, preferably in one or the axial direction, parallel to the axis of rotation of the spindle or the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, to a contact and locking position in which the conical locking surfaces of the bodies of Locking support are in mutual contact and joined together by tightening in a self-locking way by static friction, in a non-rotating manner, so that only by exerting separation forces that release the joint by tightening can they be moved to the lifting position and unlock

Likewise, the invention relates to a method for unlocking the locked spindle, in a non-rotating manner, by friction, that is by non-positive connection by static friction, as well as by gravity, preferably by a load acting on the piston, of automatically, preferably without actuation, especially without the action or support of force accumulators such as springs, against a rotation around its axis of rotation with respect to the cylinder of the locking cylinder having the characteristics of at least one of the Claims 1 to 7, in which, in the locked state, the spindle is locked by means of the locking support bodies, by friction, against a rotation with respect to the cylinder around its axis of rotation, and in which the bodies of blocking support absorb axial forces acting on the spindle in the second direction, preferably in such a way that, in the locked state, the spindle rests on the cylinder being secured against a movement in the second direction, and in which the locking support bodies can be passed into an unlocked position in which the spindle can rotate with respect to the cylinder around its axis of rotation, and in the which at least one of the blocking support bodies is passed, preferably by sliding from a blocking position in which the blocking support bodies are connected to each other in a self-locking manner by static friction, in a non-rotating manner, of such such that only by exerting loosening forces that release the joint by tightening, preferably in one or the axial direction, parallel with respect to the axis of rotation of the spindle or the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, to an unlocked position that allows a rotation of the spindle with with respect to the cylinder around its axis of rotation, to the unlocked position. In this way, a tightening joint according to the invention can be released or unlocked especially easily.

The unlocking can be achieved in a particularly simple way if the blocking support bodies are passed from the blocking position in which they are self-locking together by static friction, preferably exclusively by loading the sliding bearing by hydrostatic fluid. with the fluid pressure medium under a high pressure, preferably in one or the axial direction, parallel with respect to the axis of rotation of the spindle or the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, to an unlocking position that allows a rotation of the spindle with respect to the cylinder around its axis of rotation, or to an unlocked position in which the spindle can rotate with respect to the cylinder substantially free and unobstructed.

In addition, it may be provided that the locking support bodies having conical locking surfaces are passed from the locking position in which they are joined together by self-locking tightening by static friction, by loading the sliding bearing by hydrostatic fluid with the fluid pressure medium under a high pressure, preferably in one or the axial direction, parallel to the axis of rotation of the spindle or the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, to a lifting and unlocking position that preferably allows a rotation of the spindle with respect to the cylinder around its axis of rotation and in which the blocking support bodies are raised from each other in such a way that their conical blocking surfaces are no longer touched.

According to an especially preferable embodiment of the unlocking process, it may be provided that, preferably with the help of one or the control device, first, the fluid slide bearing is loaded with the pressure means to allow a rotation of the spindle with respect to the cylinder around its axis of rotation and / or to cause a lifting of the blocking support bodies or of the conical tightening bodies from the blocking position in which they are joined together by tightening, by static friction , to a lifting and unlocking position in which the locking support bodies or the conical tightening bodies are raised from each other, such that their conical locking surfaces no longer touch at least in part, and only then, the pressure medium is supplied to a working chamber assigned to one side of the piston, being preferably delimited by it, or to allow, encourage or cau sar a movement of the piston in an axial direction, parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder or in parallel to the axis of rotation of the spindle, or, which allows, encourages or causes a movement of the piston in the axial direction. This procedure has special advantages if the piston or piston rod is to move axially, especially in the direction of a load to be moved, especially to minimize wear due to operation or to allow axial movement of the piston or rod. of piston itself.

In a particularly preferable variant, first of all, the fluid slide bearing can be loaded with the pressure medium through one or the fluid channel or feed channel, which results in a lifting of the blocking support bodies or of the conical tightening bodies of the locking position in which they are joined together by tightening, by static friction, to a lifting and unlocking position in which the locking support bodies or the conical tightening bodies are raised one on the other, at least in part, in such a way that their conical locking surfaces no longer touch at least in part, a passage path or a gap being opened or formed between and along the opposite conical locking surfaces in the state raised, which is or is in fluid communication with one or the fluid channel or outlet channel that is in fluid communication, preferably through an oe l working channel, with the working chamber, in such a way that the piston is loaded with the pressure medium that flows or is fed to the working chamber through the fluid or outlet channel, or to allow, encourage or cause a movement of the piston in an axial direction, parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder or in parallel to the axis of rotation of the spindle, or, which allows, encourages or causes a movement of the piston in the axial direction. In this way, with a particularly compact and economical construction, especially safe operation can be performed.

According to a particularly advantageous variant, it can be provided that the blocking support bodies are made as self-locking or self-locking conical tightening bodies.

According to the invention, it can also be provided that a plurality of first conical tightening bodies, preferably two first conical tightening bodies, are non-rotatably connected with the spindle or fixed to the spindle in a non-rotating manner and that a plurality, preferably a corresponding number of second conical tightening bodies, preferably two second conical tightening bodies are attached to the cylinder or fixed to the cylinder in a non-rotating manner. In addition, it may be provided that the first conical tightening bodies are made or manufactured in one piece as a double conical tightening body. Alternatively or additionally it may be provided that the first conical tightening body and / or that the second conical tightening body are respectively made as a double conical tightening body. By means of the measures described above, a lockable lock cylinder can be made in the manner according to the invention, both under pressure and tension. Preferably, the double clamping body or bodies may be made symmetrically with respect to an axis or plane of perpendicular extension with respect to the axis of rotation of the spindle or perpendicular with respect to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder. Furthermore, it can be provided that the conical tightening bodies, especially the double conical tightening body, are respectively made as an outer cone or as an inner cone. The conical locking surfaces of the conical tightening bodies, especially the double conical tightening body, can form or enclose with the axis of rotation of the spindle or with the longitudinal axis of the cylinder a different inclination angle or preferably an identical inclination angle . The conical locking surfaces of the conical tightening bodies, especially the corresponding double conical tightening body, can be oriented in the same directions or, preferably, in different directions. The conical locking surfaces of the conical tightening bodies, preferably of a first double conical tightening body may be oriented in opposite directions and the conical locking surfaces of the conical tightening bodies, preferably of a second double conical tightening body, They can be oriented towards each other or face each other.

Alternatively, it can be provided that the conical locking surfaces of the conical tightening bodies, preferably of a first double conical tightening body may be oriented towards each other or facing each other and that the conical locking surfaces of the conical tightening bodies, preferably of a second double conical tightening body, they can be oriented in opposite directions.

It is understood that the characteristics described above may be combined to the extent practicable, individually or in any combination between them.

More features, advantages and aspects of the invention result from the following descriptive part in which two preferable embodiments of the invention are described with the help of the figures.

They show:

Figure 1, a locking cylinder according to the invention, lockable by pressure, in a longitudinal cross section, in a schematic partial representation; Figure 2, a locking cylinder according to the invention, lockable by tension, in a longitudinal cross section, in a schematic partial representation; Figure 3, a lockable pressure lock cylinder, in a view according to Figure 1, with a representation schematic of an integrated control unit; Figure 4, a lockable locking cylinder, in a view according to Figure 2, with a representation Schematic of an integrated control unit.

A lockable lock cylinder 20 is illustrated in Figure 1 and a lockable lock cylinder 120 illustrated respectively in a longitudinal cross-section in Figure 2. The same components, elements and direction arrows bear the same reference signs. The different components, elements and arrows are designated by figures of 100 in the case of the lockable lock cylinder 120, while in the case of the lockable lock cylinder 20, the different components, elements and arrows are designated by figures from 10.

Each locking cylinder 20, 120 comprises a cylinder and a piston 22 slidably supported therein in the axial direction 59, but not rotatably with respect to the cylinder 21. The piston 22 is sealed with respect to the inner wall of the cylinder 21 by an annular gasket 37 and on its sides 23.1, 23.2 oriented in the opposite direction in the direction of the longitudinal axis 25 of the cylinder 21 can be loaded with a fluid pressure means, especially hydraulic, preferably oil, to allow the movement of the piston 22 with the aid of the pressure means in a first direction 31 or in a second direction 32. In the locking cylinder 20 lockable under pressure, the first direction 31 is the exit direction and the second direction 32 is the piston inlet direction 22. In contrast, in the lockable lock cylinder 120, the first direction 31 is the inlet direction and the second direction 32 is the direction of sa lid of the piston 22. The pressure means can be supplied to a first working chamber 48 through a first working channel 24.1 on the side 23.1 of the piston 22, oriented towards the bottom of the cylinder 40, in order to achieve a piston movement 22 along the cylinder 21 in the second direction 32. In addition, the pressure means can be supplied to a second working chamber 49, through a second working channel 24.2 on a second side 23.2 of the piston 22, oriented in the direction opposite to the first side 23.1 thereof, in order to achieve a movement of the piston 22 along the cylinder 21 in the first direction 31.

The first working chamber 48 is sealed with respect to the second working chamber 49 through an annular seal 37 of the piston 22. The seal 37 rests on an annular groove of the piston 22, open outwardly, towards the inner wall of The cylinder liner. The piston 22 forms a non-rotatably attached appendix with the piston rod 22.1. The piston rod 22.1 extends from the second annular side 23.2 of the piston axially 59, coaxially with respect to the longitudinal axis 25 of the cylinder 21 or the rotation axis 33 of the spindle 30. The piston 22 is made as a hollow tubular body and has an inner thread also designated by a piston thread 26. The piston 22 can also be designated a piston nut. The piston thread 26 is in engagement with an external thread of the spindle 30 also designated by screw thread 28, on which the piston 22 is guided. The piston thread 26 and the screw thread 28 form a non-self-locking thread 27. Preferably, the non-self-locking thread 27 is made with a right pitch, although it can also be made with a left pitch. Preferably, the piston thread 26 and the spindle thread 28 are made as a steep thread, especially multiple fillets, especially as a trapezoidal steep thread. Preferably, a steep thread of eight fillets can be used. On its side assigned to the free end 71 of the spindle 30, the cylinder 21 is closed by a cover 40.1 that houses the piston rod 22.1. As shown in the figures, it can be joined or manufactured in one piece with the cylinder 21; although it can also be joined with cylinder 21 in several pieces. The annularly shaped piston cap 40.1 encloses the piston rod 22.1 and has an annular groove open towards the piston rod 22.1. In this annular groove an annular gasket 60 is supported which seals the second working chamber 49 outwards. On one of its sides, the cylinder 21 is closed by the cover or head that forms the bottom of the cylinder 40. This can be joined with the cylinder 21 preferably in several pieces.

The spindle 30 is rotatable with respect to the cylinder 21 about an axis of rotation 33 arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis 25 of the cylinder 21 and can also slide axially only slightly with respect to the cylinder 21 in the axial direction 59 or parallel with respect to the axis longitudinal 25 of the cylinder 21. In the embodiments shown, the axial slidability of the spindle 30, characterized by the double arrow 34, or the axial play of the spindle is only about 1.0 to 1.5 mm. The spindle 20 can be blocked by friction, that is, by non-positive connection by static friction, and in the exemplary embodiments represented, exclusively by gravity, especially by a load 29, 129 acting on the piston 22, automatically, without drive and without action or help of force accumulators such as tension or compression springs. In other words, the spindle 30 is self-locking, namely, according to the invention, doubly self-locking.

For this purpose, first, in the area of the end 69 of the spindle 30, which is oriented in the opposite direction to the free end 71 of the spindle 30 and that here is the end 69 of the spindle, located on the bottom side of the cylinder, two locking support bodies 35, 36 are provided; 135; 136 that can be engaged in mutual lock engagement by friction. These serve to be able to block the spindle 30 by friction against a rotation about its axis of rotation 33 and to be able to absorb axial forces acting on the spindle 30 in the second direction 32, namely, in the embodiments shown here, of such that, in the locked state, the spindle 30 rests on the cylinder 21, here on the bottom of the cylinder 40 thereof, being secured against a movement in the second direction 32. The first locking support body 35, 36 of the blocking support bodies 35, 36; 135, 136 is connected with spindle 30 or fixed to spindle 30 in a non-rotating manner, preferably rigidly. The second locking support body 36; 136 of the blocking support bodies 35, 36; 135, 136 is connected with the cylinder 21 or with the bottom of the cylinder 40 or fixed to the cylinder 21, here to the bottom of the cylinder 40, non-rotatably, preferably rigidly, and preferably in one piece.

The spindle 30 is supported here in two axial bearings 38, 39; 138, 139 arranged at a distance between them in the axial direction 59. A first axial bearing 38; 138 is intended to absorb the axial forces acting on the spindle 30 in the first direction 31. The second axial bearing 39; 139 of the axial bearings 38, 39; 138, 139 is intended to absorb, in its function as a fluid slide bearing, axial forces acting on the spindle 30 in the second direction 32.

The spindle 30 is further provided with a first support body 41; 141 having a first support surface 43; 143 opposite a second support surface 44; 144 of a second support body 42; 142, here of the bottom of the cylinder 40, connected with the cylinder 21 or fixed to the cylinder 21 in a non-rotating manner, preferably rigidly. The first support surface 43; 143 of the first support body 41; 141 and the second support surface 44; 144 of the second support body 42, 142 form the second axial bearing 39; 139. According to the invention, the second axial bearing 39; 139 is preferably made as a fluid slide bearing 45; 145 hydrostatic, which can be charged with a fluid pressure medium especially through a first fluid channel 46; 146. According to the invention, the first locking support body 35; 135 is made as the first conical tightening body 53; 153 self-locking or self-locking action having first conical locking surfaces 51; 151, and the second locking support body 36; 136 is made as a second conical tightening body 54; 154 self-locking or self-locking action having second conical locking surfaces 52; 152. Conical locking surfaces 51, 52; 151, 152 of said conical tightening bodies 53, 54; 153, 154 can be joined together by self-locking tightening. For this purpose, the conical tightening body 53; 153 fixed to the spindle 30 in a non-rotating manner can slide in the first direction 32 in parallel with respect to the longitudinal axis 25 of the cylinder 21, until its tapered locking surfaces 51; 151 are in contact with the conical locking surfaces 52; 152 opposite of the second conical tightening body 54; 154 which form counter-surfaces, the conical tightening bodies 53, 54 can be joined or joined together by self-locking by static friction; 153, 154. In this way, not only can a self-locking friction lock of the spindle 30 be made with respect to a rotation with respect to the cylinder 21 around its axis of rotation 33, but also a spindle lock 30 against a movement or sliding in the axial direction 59, especially also in the first direction 31. Therefore, the block according to the invention is a kind of doubly self-locking block.

The conical tightening bodies 53, 54; 153, 154 are respectively made in the form of a truncated cone. The first conical tightening body 53; 153 which is attached to the spindle 30 or fixed to the spindle 30 in a non-rotating manner, is realized here respectively as a conical disk or as a truncated cone-shaped disk 55; 155. The first conical tightening body 53; 153 and the second conical tightening body 54; 154, respectively, are made rotationally symmetrically with respect to the axis of rotation 33 of the spindle 30 or the longitudinal axis 25 of the cylinder

twenty-one.

The first conical tightening body 53; 153 respectively is housed or arranged in a cavity 75; 175 of the bottom of cylinder 40, made as a chamber. Preferably, the cavity 75 is also made rotationally symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis 25 of the cylinder 21 or the axis of rotation 33 of the spindle 30. The first conical tightening body 53; 153 respectively is non-rotatably attached or fixed to a screw-free part 50 of the spindle 30 which in turn is non-rotatably attached or fixed to a part of the spindle 30 having the spindle thread 28. Part 50 of the spindle 30, provided with a spindle thread, is housed in a hole of an appendix 72; 172 extending radially inwards and transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis 25 of cylinder 21. Here, Appendix 72; 172 is disposed respectively between the first conical tightening body 53; 153 and the first working chamber 48. Appendix 72; 172 has an annular groove open towards the part 50 of the screw-free spindle 30, on whose wall an annular gasket 76 is supported. Through the annular gasket 76, the cavity or chamber 75; 175 corresponding is sealed with respect to the first working chamber 48.

In the embodiments shown, the first locking support body 35; 135 and the first support body 41; 141 are manufactured in one piece and form respectively a first locking and supporting support body 61; 161 common, here in the form of a conical tightening disc 55; 155. Also the second locking support body 36; 136 formed by a part of the cylinder bottom 40, and the second support body 42; 142 are manufactured in one piece and together form a second locking and supporting support body 62; 162. The first locking and supporting support body 61; 161 is made as the first conical tightening body 53; 153 self-locking or self-locking action having first conical locking surfaces 51; 151, and the second locking and supporting support body 62; 162 is made as a second conical tightening body 54; 154 self-locking or self-locking action having second conical locking surfaces 52; 152.

The first conical locking surfaces 51; 151 of the first conical tightening body 53; 153 non-rotatably connected with the spindle 30 enclose with the rotation axis 33 of the spindle 30 a first angle of inclination 63; 163. The second conical locking surfaces 52, 152 of the conical tightening body 54; 154 located on the side of the cylinder bottom enclose a second angle of inclination 64 with the longitudinal axis 25 of the cylinder 21 or with the rotation axis 33 of the spindle; 164. The angle of inclination 63; 163 of the tapered locking surfaces 51; 151 of the first conical tightening body 53; 153 non-rotatably connected with spindle 30 and inclination angle 64; 164 of the tapered locking surfaces 52; 152 of the second conical tightening body 54; 154 non-rotatably connected with the cylinder 21 are identical here respectively measuring approx. 65 degrees, preferably. With these angles of inclination 63, 64; 163, 164 or, more generally, with inclination angles of approx. 4 to 13 degrees, preferably 4 to 10 degrees, self-locking can be achieved depending on the pairing of materials chosen and other parameters, assembling and plugging together the first conical tightening body 53; 153 and the second conical tightening body 54; 154, such that the first conical tightening body 53 and the second conical tightening body 54 or that the first conical tightening body 153 and the second conical tightening body 154 can no longer rotate relative to each other around the longitudinal axis 25 or of the axis of rotation 33 and also can no longer move or slide relative to each other in the axial direction 59, that is, also in the first direction 31 which in this case is a direction in which they move away from each other . It is that a self-lock is produced by the tightening of the two conical clamping bodies 53, 54 or 153, 154.

The first conical tightening body 53; 153 is made as an outer cone 56; 156, while the second conical tightening body 54; 154 is made as inner cone 57; 157. In the locking cylinder 20 locked under pressure, the first conical tightening body 53 narrows conically in the direction towards the axis of rotation 33 of the spindle 30 and in the opposite direction to the piston 22 or to the bottom of the cylinder 40 of the cylinder 21. In contrast, the first conical clamping body 153 of the traction lockable locking cylinder 120 narrows towards the piston 22

or in the opposite direction to the bottom of the cylinder 40, but also in the direction towards the axis of rotation 33 of the spindle 30. In the locking cylinder 20 lockable by pressure, the first conical locking surfaces 51 of the first conical clamping body 53 connected with the spindle 30 in a non-rotating manner is arranged on the side 65 thereof, oriented in the opposite direction to the piston 22 or in the direction towards the bottom of the cylinder 40 of the cylinder 21, and the second conical locking surfaces 52 of the second conical tightening body 54 connected with the cylinder 21 in a non-rotating manner are arranged on the side 66 thereof, oriented in the direction of the piston 22 or in the opposite direction to the bottom of the cylinder 40. In contrast, in the lock cylinder 120 lockable by traction, the First conical locking surfaces 151 of the first conical tightening body 153 connected with the spindle 30 in a non-rotating manner are arranged on the side 165 thereof, oriented in the direction n towards the piston 22 or in the opposite direction to the bottom of the cylinder 40, and the second conical locking surfaces 152 of the second conical tightening body 154 connected with the cylinder 21 non-rotatably, are arranged on the side 166 of this, oriented in the opposite direction to the piston 22 or in the direction towards the bottom of the cylinder 40.

In the lockable locking cylinder 20, the second support body 42 is made with a part of the cylinder bottom 40 of the cylinder, while in the lockable lock cylinder 120, the second support body 142 is realized as Appendix 172 preferably joined or manufactured in one piece with the cylinder 21, which extends radially inwards and transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis 25 of the cylinder 21 or the axis of rotation 33 of the spindle 30.

In lock cylinders 20; 120, respectively the first conical tightening body 53; 153 is supported, through the first axial bearing 38; 138, in appendix 72 or bottom of cylinder 40 fixedly connected, preferably rigidly, with cylinder 21. In the exemplary embodiments shown, the first axial bearing 38; 138 is respectively a bearing in the form of an annular bearing, made as a needle roller bearing. Said needle bearing is partly housed respectively in an annular support groove 78, 178 coaxially made with respect to the longitudinal axis 25 of the cylinder 21. The annular support groove 78; 178 respectively limits the chamber or cavity 75; 175.

Cavity 75; Corresponding 175 in which the first conical tightening body 53 is housed or arranged axially slidably in the axial direction 59; 153, is delimited on the one hand by a part of the cylinder bottom 40 of the cylinder 21 and, on the other hand, by the appendix 72; 172 corresponding. Said chamber or cavity 75; 175 has a cross section 77; 177 in the form of T.

In the case of the pressure lockable locking cylinder 20, a first fluid channel 46, through which the fluid sliding bearing 45 can be loaded with the pressure means, flows into an area of the cavity 75, which contains or crosses the longitudinal axis 25 of the cylinder 21. Therefore, this first fluid channel 46 flows into a first side 65 of the first conical tightening body 53, assigned to the first conical locking surfaces 51, 151 thereof, inclined towards the axis of rotation 33 of the spindle 30. In the area of the other side 66 of the first conical tightening body 53, a second fluid channel 47 flows into the cavity 75, namely directly here adjacent to the first conical locking surfaces 51 of the first conical tightening body 53. In the locked state in which the conical locking surfaces 51; 52 of the conical tightening bodies 53 are in mutual contact, the first fluid channel 46 and the second fluid channel 47 are separated from each other and sealed against each other by a part of the first conical tightening body 53, which contains the first conical locking surfaces 51.

In the lockable lock cylinder 120, on the other hand, a situation generally rotated or approximately 180 degrees normally results with respect to the longitudinal axis 25 of the cylinder 21 or the rotation axis 33 of the spindle 30. Therefore, there, the first fluid channel 146 flows into the cavity 175 directly adjacent to the first conical locking surfaces 151 of the first conical tightening body 153, that is, on the first side 165 of the first conical tightening body 153, opposite to appendix 172. On the other side 166 of the first conical tightening body 153, a second fluid channel 147 flows into the cavity 175, namely, in an area of the cavity 175, which contains or crosses the longitudinal axis 25 of the cylinder 21. When the conical clamping bodies 153 and 154 are joined together by clamping while in mutual contact, the first fluid channel 146 is separated from the second fluid channel 147 and sealed against it, namely, half nte a part of the first conical tightening body 153, which contains the first conical locking surfaces 151.

Seen in a perpendicular projection with respect to the axis of rotation 33 of the spindle 30, that is, especially in a section plane corresponding to the plane of Figures 1 and 2, the first support surface 43; 143 of the first conical tightening body 53; 153 is larger than a spindle surface of the spindle 33 located on the side 83 of the gasket 76, sealed by the gasket 76 of the cavity 75; 175 which at least partially houses the first conical tightening body 53; 153, said gasket 76 being in fluid communication with the first working chamber 48. This spindle surface is an annular surface which on the one hand is delimited radially by the cylindrical outer surface of the spindle part 50, not provided of the spindle thread and, on the other hand, with the outer diameter or the outer thread 28 of the spindle 30. The first support surface 43; 143 of the first conical tightening body 53; 153, which can be loaded with the fluid pressure medium, has an outer diameter 80; 180 which is larger, preferably much larger than the inner diameter 81 of the gasket 76 or than the outer diameter 82 of the screw-free part 50 of the spindle 30.

Next, the operation of the locking cylinder 20 is described in detail; 120, starting with the locking cylinder 20 lockable by pressure.

In the rest state in which neither the working channel 24.1 nor the fluid channel 46 is loaded with the pressure medium under pressure, that is, when the hydraulic system is without pressure, the spindle 30 is locked by tightening with respect to the cylinder 21 doubly self-locking against a rotation about its axis of rotation 33 and against a lift in the first direction 31. Starting from this blocking position, for example to release the piston 22 and ascend the load 29 in the first direction 31, pressure medium can be supplied either first through the first fluid channel 46 and then through the first working channel 24.1, or, preferably, simultaneously through the first fluid channel 46 and the first flow channel work 24.1, so that, therefore, the cavity 75 is first loaded with pressure medium and then the first working chamber 48, or, preferably, loading with pressure medium Simultaneously, the cavity 75 and the first working chamber 48. During this, the self-locking clamping joint is released between the first conical clamping body 53 connected with the spindle 30 in a non-rotating manner and the second conical clamping body 54 connected with the cylinder 21 in a non-rotating manner, after which the spindle 30 and, if necessary, also the piston 22 slides, that is, in this case, they rise in the first direction 31. During this, initially not yet there is no rotation or any significant rotation of the spindle 30 around its axis of rotation 33 with respect to the cylinder

21. However, as soon as or at the latest when the first conical tightening body 53 connected with the spindle 30 non-rotatably comes into contact with the bearing 38, the spindle 30 begins to rotate around its axis of rotation 33 due to friction For this reason and by the threaded coupling with the spindle 30 through the non-self-locking thread 27, the piston 22 can move in the first direction 31, that is, here, upward in the exit direction, whereby the load 29. During this sliding of the piston 22 in the first direction 31, the first working channel 24.1 flows through the first working channel 24.1 to the first working chamber 48 and, at the same time, the pressure means possibly located in the second working chamber 49 exits through the second working channel 24.2. During this movement of the piston 22 in the first direction 31, the fluid slide bearing 39 is loaded or loaded with a pressure means such that the conical tightening bodies 53, 54 are released from each other, especially raised one of another, so that its tapered locking surfaces 51, 52 are not touched, so that now the tapered locking surfaces 51, 52 are therefore in a lifting and unlocking position.

If the piston 22 moving in the first direction 31 is now to stop, the first working channel 24.1 can be switched to a state without pressure. If both the first working channel 24.1 and the first fluid channel 46 are switched to the state without pressure, the piston 22 goes down next to the spindle 30 and the first conical tightening body 53 connected with it non-rotatably, in the second direction 32, because of the load 29 acting in the direction of the force of gravity, that is to say in the second direction 32, the descent corresponding to the planned small axial play, in this case only 1.0 to 1.5 mm, until the first conical tightening body 53 is fixed by self-locking tightening to the second conical tightening body 54.

However, it is understood that, if necessary, only the first working channel 24.1, and not the first fluid channel 46, can be switched to the state without pressure, such that during the stopping of the piston 22, the sliding bearing by fluid 45 it is still loaded with the pressure means and, therefore, the first conical clamping body 53 connected with the spindle 30 non-rotatably can continue to be lifted from the second conical clamping body 54 or, if necessary, maintained regulated in an intermediate position in which, however, braking friction occurs, but no tightening joint of the conical tightening bodies 53, 54 still occurs.

To move the piston 22 in the second direction 32, that is, here in the inlet direction, for the purpose of lowering the load 29 or only for the purpose of the piston inlet 22, the pressure means can be supplied through of the first fluid channel 46, the pressure medium can only be supplied subsequently or simultaneously to the second working channel 24.2. In this way, the first conical tightening body 53 connected with the spindle 30 in a non-rotating manner can move or lift in the first direction 31 together with the threaded spindle 30 and the piston 22, in turn until the first conical body of tighten 53 comes into contact with the bearing 38, after which the spindle 30 now begins to rotate in the opposite direction next to the first conical tightening body 53 non-rotatably connected therewith, after which the piston 22 is move, next to load 29, in the second direction 32, that is, here in the direction of entry. During this, the pressure means located in the first working chamber 48 can exit through the first working channel 24.1.

During the movement of the piston 22 in the second direction 32, the first fluid channel 46 is permanently loaded with the pressure means, so that the fluid slide bearing 45 is made such that it is permanently loaded with the pressure means and that, at the same time, the first conical tightening body 53 connected with the spindle 30 in a non-rotating manner, is raised to a lifting and unlocking position of the second conical tightening body 54 connected with the cylinder 21 in a non-rotating manner , in which the conical locking surfaces 51, 52 are not touched, so that the first conical tightening body 53 and the spindle 30 can rotate substantially freely with respect to the cylinder 21 around the spindle rotation axis 33 If the fluid slide bearing 45 is made by loading the first fluid channel 46 with the pressure means, the first conical tightening body 53 being raised from the second conical tightening body 54 in such a way that its conical locking surfaces 51, 52 are no longer touched, the pressure means supplied through the first fluid channel 46 of the cavity 75 can exit through an annular groove made between the surfaces Conical lock 51 and 52 of the conical tightening bodies 53 and 54 and then through the second fluid channel 47.

To stop the piston 22 moving in the second direction 32, both the second working channel 24.2 and the first fluid channel 46 can be switched to the pressure-free state, so that, because of the load 29 acting, the spindle 30 moves immediately in the second direction 32 next to the first conical tightening body 53, namely, in turn only to the extent of the small set of spindle sliding which is here between 1.0 and 1.5 mm approximately, until the first conical tightening body 53 is fixed by self-locking tightening to the second conical tightening body 54. Then, the spindle 30 is blocked by this locking by self-locking tightening against a rotation with respect to the cylinder 21 around its axis of rotation 33, as well as against an axial lift in the axial direction 59, that is, also in the first direction 31, so that in this way a double self-locking is achieved.

The operation of the lockable lock cylinder 120 is described in detail below:

In the rest state in which neither the working channel 24.1 nor the fluid channel 146 is loaded with the pressure medium under pressure, that is, when the hydraulic system is without pressure, the spindle 30 is locked by tightening with respect to the cylinder 21 doubly self-locking against a rotation about its axis of rotation 33 and against a lift in the first direction 31. Starting from this blocking position, for example to bring the piston 22 in and ascend the load 129 in the first direction 31, pressure medium can be supplied either first through the first fluid channel 146 and then through the second working channel 24.2, or, preferably, simultaneously through the first fluid channel 146 and the second flow channel work 24.2, so that, therefore, the cavity 175 is first loaded with pressure medium and then the second working chamber 49, or, preferably, loading with Simultaneously press the cavity 175 and the second working chamber 49. During this, the self-locking clamping joint is released between the first conical clamping body 153 connected with the spindle 30 in a non-rotating manner and the second conical clamping body 154 connected with the cylinder 20 in a non-rotating manner, after which the spindle 30 and, if necessary, also the piston 22 slides, that is, in this case, they rise in the first direction 31. During this, initially still there is no rotation or significant rotation of the spindle 30 around its axis of rotation 33 with respect to the cylinder 21. However, as soon as or at the latest when the first conical tightening body 153 connected with the spindle 30 is not Rotating comes into contact with the bearing 138, the spindle 30 begins to rotate around its axis of rotation 33 due to friction. Therefore, and by the threaded coupling with the spindle 30 through the non-self-locking thread 27, the piston 22 can move in the first direction 31, that is, here, upwards in the inlet direction, whereby the load 129. During this sliding of the piston 22 in the first direction 31, the second working channel 24.2 flows through the second working channel 24.2 to the second working chamber 49 and, at the same time, the pressure means possibly located in the first working chamber 48 exits through the first working channel 24.1. During this movement of the piston 22 in the first direction 31, the fluid slide bearing 139 is loaded or loaded with pressure means such that the conical tightening bodies 153, 154 are released from each other, especially raised one of another, so that its tapered locking surfaces 151, 152 are not touched, so that now the tapered locking surfaces 51, 52 are therefore in a lifting and unlocking position.

If the piston 22 moving in the first direction 31 is now to be stopped, the second working channel 24.2 can be switched to a state without pressure. If both the second working channel 24.2 and the first fluid channel 146 are switched to the state without pressure, the piston 22 goes down next to the spindle 30 and the first conical tightening body 153 connected with it non-rotatably, in the second direction 32, because of the load 29 acting in the direction of the force of gravity, that is to say in the second direction 32, the descent corresponding to the planned small axial play, in this case only 1.0 to 1.5 mm, until the first conical tightening body 153 is fixed by self-locking tightening to the second conical tightening body 154.

However, it is understood that, if necessary, only the second working channel 24.2, and not the first fluid channel 146, can be switched to the state without pressure, so that during the stopping of the piston 22, the sliding bearing by fluid 145 it is still loaded with the pressure means and, therefore, the first conical tightening body 153 connected with the spindle 30 in a non-rotating manner can continue to be lifted from the second conical tightening body 154 or, if necessary, maintained regulated in an intermediate position where, however, there is a friction of braking, but still no tightening of the conical tightening bodies 153, 154.

In order to move the piston 22 in the second direction 32, that is, here in the exit direction, for the purpose of lowering the load 129 or only for the purpose of the piston inlet 22, the pressure means can be supplied through of the first fluid channel 146, the pressure medium can only be supplied subsequently or simultaneously to the first working channel 24.1. In this way, the first conical tightening body 153 connected with the spindle 30 in a non-rotating manner can move or lift in the first direction 31 together with the threaded spindle 30 and the piston 22, in turn until the first conical body of tighten 153 comes into contact with the bearing 138, after which the spindle 30 now begins to rotate in the opposite direction next to the first conical tightening body 153 non-rotatably connected therewith, after which the piston 22 is move, next to load 129, in the second direction 32, that is, here in the direction of exit. During this, the pressure means located in the second working chamber 49 can exit through the second working channel 24.2.

During the movement of the piston 22 in the second direction 32, the first fluid channel 146 is permanently loaded with the pressure means, so that the fluid slide bearing 145 is made such that it is permanently loaded with the means of pressure and that, at the same time, the first conical tightening body 153 connected with the spindle 30 in a non-rotating manner, is raised to a lifting and unlocking position of the second conical tightening body 154 connected with the cylinder 21 in a non-rotating manner. rotating, in which the tapered locking surfaces 151, 152 are not touched, so that the first conical tightening body 153 and the spindle 30 can rotate substantially freely with respect to the cylinder 21 around the spindle rotation axis 33.

If the fluid slide bearing 145 is made by loading the first fluid channel 146 with the pressure means, the first conical tightening body 153 being lifted from the second conical tightening body 154 such that its conical locking surfaces 151, 152 are no longer touched, the pressure means supplied through the first fluid channel 146 of the cavity 175 can exit through an annular groove made between the tapered locking surfaces 151 and 152 of the conical clamping bodies 153 and 154 and then through the second fluid channel 147.

To stop the piston 22 moving in the second direction 32, both the first working channel 24.1 and the first fluid channel 146 can be switched to the pressure-free state, so that, because of the load 129 acting, the spindle 30 moves immediately in the second direction 32 next to the first conical tightening body 153, namely, in turn only to the extent of the small set of spindle sliding which is here between 1.0 and 1.5 mm approximately until the first conical tightening body 153 is fixed by self-locking tightening to the second conical tightening body 154. Then, the spindle 30 is blocked by this locking by self-locking tightening against a rotation with respect to the cylinder 21 around its axis of rotation 33, as well as against an axial lift in the axial direction 59, that is, also in the first direction 31, so that in this way a double self-locking is achieved.

In the locking cylinders 20, 120 according to the invention, the clamping force between the conical clamping bodies 53 and 54 or 153 and 154 joined together by clamping respectively increases proportionally to the increase in the load 29; 129. In this way, with each load, a secure locking of the spindle 30 can always be achieved against a rotation with respect to the cylinder 21 around its axis of rotation 33 and, consequently, it can be safely prevented from continuing to move the piston 22 and the load 29, 129 that attacks therein, and this not only during normal operation of the locking cylinders 29, 129, but also in the event of a pressure failure of the pressure medium system or in the event of occurrence a leak in the hydraulic system. The locking cylinders 20, 120 according to the invention offer greater locking safety than friction blocking locking cylinders, known until now.

It is understood that for the regulation and / or control of the different operating states or functions of the locking cylinders 20, 120, these may be coupled with or provided with a device for the regulation and / or control of the pressure medium which is not represented in figures 1 and 2.

Two preferable embodiments of locking cylinders 20, 120 provided with control units 85, 185 according to the invention are shown in Figures 3 and 4. Except for integrated control units 85, 185, these locking cylinders are made of the in the same manner as the locking cylinders 20, 120 shown in Figures 1 and 2, so that in this respect it refers to the previous descriptions.

In a final housing or a control block of the corresponding locking cylinder 20, 120, which is provided or provided in the area of the axial bearings 38, 39; 138, 139, a control unit 85, 185 is integrated with several flow and connection channels and control or regulation bodies 108, 208; 88; 90; 98, 98 ', 198; 104 also designated by fluid channels 46, 146; 91, 191; 97, 197; 99, 199; 103, 203; 106, 206, and that in the usual way in this type of circuit representations they are represented with switching signs or symbols of the fluid technique. Preferably, only two connecting ducts 86 and 87 or holes for alternate feeding and evacuation of the pressure medium may be provided. Therefore, each of the connecting ducts 86 and 87 can serve as a feed duct or a return duct. For this purpose, a switching or control valve not shown in the figures may be provided, which is in fluid communication with a provisioning device that is also not represented in the figures and which may comprise a pump and a reservoir for the pressure medium

Each control unit 85, 185 has as essential control or regulation elements at least one lowering and holding brake valve or a lowering brake valve 90, a multi-way valve 104, at least one check valve 88, 92, preferably also a switching valve, especially in the form of a distribution valve 2-2 98, 198.

The corresponding lowering and holding brake valve or corresponding lowering brake valve 90 has an inlet 95, an outlet 96 and a control connection to which a control line or a control channel 91 is connected. In the cylinder lockable lock 20, shown in FIG. 3, the inlet 95 of the lowering brake valve 90 is in fluid communication with the first working chamber 48 through the fluid channel 24.1 also designated by the working channel , and the outlet 96 is in fluid communication with the connection channel 86. In contrast, in the traction lockable locking cylinder 120, shown in Figure 4, the inlet 95 of the lowering brake valve 90 is located in fluid communication with the second working chamber 49 through the fluid channel 24.2 also designated by the working channel, and the outlet 96 is in fluid communication with the flow channel connection 87. With the inlet 95 and outlet 96 of the lowering brake valve 90, a check valve 92 connected in parallel is connected in fluid communication that closes the flow of the pressure medium from inlet 95 to outlet 96, but allows it in the opposite direction. As the closing element 93, for example, a ball can be used. Preferably, the corresponding lowering braking valve 90 may be loaded or charged by the force of a spring 94 acting against the force exerted by the pressure means through the control channel 91,

191. Preferably the passage path between the inlet 95 and the outlet 96 of the lowering brake valve 90 is closed when the control channel 91 is not loaded with the pressure means, that is, when it is without pressure, so that the pressure means that may be present under pressure at the inlet 95 cannot pass through the lowering brake valve 90. In this way, the lowering brake valve can be used as a lowering and load-holding brake valve. It is that in the closed position of the valve 90 the piston 22 cannot continue to descend. In this way, if necessary, independently of or additionally to a mechanical blockage, a hydraulic lock can be achieved. The outlet 96 of the lowering brake valve 90 is in fluid communication with a fluid channel 107 or 207 which in the case of the lockable locking cylinder 20 is in fluid communication with the connection 86 and in The case of the lockable lock cylinder 120 is in fluid communication with the connection 87.

In the case of the locking cylinder 20 lockable by pressure, with the help of the lowering and holding brake valve or lowering brake valve 90 it can be done or done when the piston 22 is loaded on its second side 23.2 with the pressure means located in the second working chamber 49 forming a working pressure that causes the piston 22 to slide in the inlet direction 32, at the same time, in the first working chamber 48, on the first side 23.1 of the piston 22 acts a counter-pressure exerted by the pressure means located in the first working chamber 48. With the help of the lowering brake valve 90, during loading with the pressure medium of the second working chamber 49 and therefore, during the exit of the piston 22 in the inlet direction 32, the counter-pressure acting in the first working chamber 48 is maintained at pressure values that are always lower than the working pressure in the second working chamber 49, so that during the inlet or descent movement of the piston 22 in the inlet direction 32 a controlled braking of the piston 22 in the inlet direction 32 occurs. In this way, a uncontrolled advance of piston 22 in the direction of descent or inlet 32.

In the case of the lockable lock cylinder 120, with the help of the lowering and holding brake valve or lowering brake valve 90 it can be done or done when the piston 22 is loaded on its first side 23.1 with the pressure means located in the first working chamber 48 forming a working pressure that causes the piston 22 to slide in the outlet direction 32, at the same time, in the second working chamber 49, on the second side 23.2 of the piston 22 acts a counter-pressure exerted by the pressure means located in the second working chamber 49. With the help of the lowering braking valve 90, during loading with pressure medium of the first working chamber 48 and therefore, during the exit of the piston 22 in the exit direction 32, the counter-pressure acting in the second working chamber 49 is maintained at pressure values that are always lower than the working pressure in the first working chamber 48, so that during the exit or descent movement of the piston 22 in the exit direction 32 a controlled braking of the piston 22 in the exit direction 32 occurs. In this way, a uncontrolled advance of piston 22 in the direction of descent or exit 32.

Between the first fluid channel 46, 146, which is in fluid communication with the fluid sliding bearing 45, 145, and the two connecting channels 86, 87 which alternately serve as the feed channel or return channel, is a multi-way valve 104 is provided as a means to free a first passage between the first fluid channel 46, 146 and the connection channel 86 and to close, preferably substantially at the same time, a second path between the first fluid channel 46, 146 and the other connection channel 87 or to free the second passage path between the first fluid channel 46, 146 and the connection channel 87 and to close, preferably substantially at the same time, the first path of passage between the fluid channel 46, 146 and the connection channel 86. Preferably, the multi-way valve 104 has only one closing element 105, for example a ball.

The functions of said means 104 are described below: for example, when the connection channel 87 is loaded with pressure, that is, when it serves or is switched as a feed channel, the pressure medium can flow through the fluid channel 106 or 197 to the multi-way valve 104, whereby the multi-way valve 104 closes the passage path to the other connection channel 86 and the pressure medium can flow from the multi-way valve 104 to the first fluid channel 46 , 146 to load the fluid slide bearing 45, 145. On the other hand, when the other connection channel 86 is loaded with pressure, that is to say when it serves or is connected as a feed channel, the pressure means can flow through from the fluid channel 97 or 206 to the multi-way valve 104, whereby the multi-way valve 104 closes the passage path to the other connection channel 87 and the pressure medium can in turn flow from the mu valve Multiple tracks 104 to the first fluid channel 46, 146 for pressure loading the fluid slide bearing 45, 145.

In the case of the lockable locking cylinder 20, the corresponding switching valve which here is a 2-2 98, 198 distribution valve constitutes a means for the optional or switchable closing or release of a passage path and, in the The case of the lockable lock cylinder 120 constitutes a means for the throttling or optional release of a passage path.

In the case of the lockable locking cylinder 20 under pressure, the corresponding passage path or the corresponding valve 98, 198 is disposed between the fluid channel 47 and the fluid channel 103 which flows into the second working channel 24.2, and in the case of the lockable lock cylinder 120 is disposed between the fluid channel 147 and the fluid channel 203 which flows into the first working channel 24.1. When the blocking support bodies 35, 36; 135, 136 or the conical tightening bodies 53, 54; 153, 154 are in contact with each other in a sealed manner by friction, the corresponding fluid channel 47, 147 is closed with respect to the fluid channel 46, 146 which is in fluid communication with the fluid sliding bearing 45, 145. However, when the blocking support bodies 35, 36; 135, 136 or the conical tightening bodies 53, 54; 153, 154 are lifted from each other especially by the loading of the fluid slide bearing 45, 145 with the pressure means, such that between the opposite tapered locking surfaces 51, 52 or 151, 152 a groove or a passage path for the pressure medium, the fluid channel 46, 146 which then serves as the feed channel for the fluid slide bearing 45, 145 is in fluid communication with the fluid channel 103, 203 which then serves as an evacuation channel for the fluid sliding bearing 45, 145. In the case of the lockable locking cylinder 20, the fluid channel 103 is in fluid communication with the second working chamber 49 which is arranged between the piston 22 and a cover 40.1 assigned to the free end 71 of the spindle 30. In the case of the lockable lock cylinder 120, the fluid channel 203 is in fluid communication with the pr It is a working chamber 48 which is arranged between the piston 22 and the cylinder bottom 140 of the cylinder.

Next, the function of the control unit 85, 185 completes with the control or regulating bodies 108, 208; 88; 90; 98; 98 ', 198; 104 which is integrated in a final housing or a control block of the locking cylinder 20, 120 is described separately for both the locking cylinder 20 lockable by pressure and the locking cylinder 120 lockable by traction.

For the output of the piston rod 22.1 of the locking cylinder 20 lockable under pressure in the outlet direction 31, the connecting channel 86 is loaded with the pressure means. In this way, the pressure medium can flow through the connection channel 86, deriving from it at a bypass point, both through the fluid channel 97 which is in fluid communication with the multi-way valve 104 and through the channel of fluid 107 which is in fluid communication with the descent braking valve 90 and the check valve 92. Now, the pressure means in the fluid channel 97 can flow to the multi-way valve 104 which because of that is to say, because of the pressure, it leaves free the passage path towards the fluid channel 46 that is in fluid communication with the fluid slide bearing 45, while substantially at the same time the passage path is closed towards the fluid channel 106 by the closure element 105 of the multi-way valve 104. Therefore, in this way, the fluid slide bearing 45 is loaded with the pressure means. At substantially the same time, the pressure medium can flow, through the check valve 93 arranged parallel to the lowering brake valve 90, to the first working channel 24.1 and, consequently, to the first working chamber 48 which it is formed or can be formed between the appendix 72 of the bottom of the cylinder 20 and the piston 20. Therefore, in this way, the fluid slide bearing 45 and the first working chamber 48 are loaded with the pressure medium substantially at the same time. In this way, the first conical tightening body 53, produced as a truncated cone-shaped disc 55 with an outer cone 53, is produced from the second conical tightening body 54 made with an inner cone, in the direction 31, until that the conical tightening body 53 abuts the axial bearing 38. Because of the friction effects that occur at the latest then, in combination with the working pressure acting simultaneously on the first working chamber 48, it can rotate the spindle 30, so that the piston 22 and, consequently, the piston rod 22.1 move in this direction.

As a result of the lifting of the first conical tightening body 53, made as a truncated cone-shaped disk 55, of the second conical tightening body 54, a passage path or a groove is formed between the opposite conical locking surfaces 51, 52 of the two conical tightening bodies 53, 54. However, the pressure means that then penetrates there cannot reach the fluid channel 103 or the second working channel

24.2 through the fluid channel 47, because due to the loading of the fluid channel 97 with the pressure medium, the working channel 99 of the shut-off valve 98, which is derived from there at a bypass point, also it is loaded with the pressure medium, whereby the shut-off valve 98 passes or has passed from the passage position 100 shown in Figure 3 to a closed position 101. In Figure 3, as an alternative to the shut-off valve 98 is further schematically shown another shut-off valve 98 '. In this, two check valves are provided in the closing path, each check valve closing a flow of the pressure medium in the direction of the other check valve.

During the aforementioned loading of the connection channel 86 with the pressure means, the other connection channel 87 is switched to the state without pressure with the aid of a suitable means, not shown in the figures. Thus, during the exit of the piston rod 22.1 in the exit direction 31, the pressure means located in the second working chamber 49 between the piston 22 and the cylinder cover 40.1 can exit through the second working channel 24.2 and the check valve 88 located before the bypass point of the fluid channel 106 of the connection channel 87, seen in the flow direction, and through the connection channel 87 which then serves as the return channel.

For the input of the piston rod 22.1 of the locking cylinder 20 lockable under pressure, in the inlet direction 32, the connection channel 87 is loaded with pressure medium, while the other connection channel 86 is switched to the state without pressure . Then, the pressure medium can flow through the connection channel 87 to the fluid channel 106 which is in fluid communication with the multi-way valve 104, so that

or because of the pressure, the closing element 105 of the multi-way valve 104 passes from the position shown in Figure 3 to a position that closes the passage path between the fluid channel 97 and the fluid channel 46 and in that the pressure medium flows from the fluid channel 106 through the multi-way valve 104 to the fluid channel 46 which is in fluid communication with the fluid slide bearing 45.

By means of the check valve 88 disposed between the connection channel 87 and the second working channel 24.2, parallel to the flow path comprising the fluid slide bearing 45, it is ensured that by the pressure means flowing through from the connecting channel 87 the fluid slide bearing 45 is first loaded and, only after the lifting of the truncated cone-shaped disk 55, that is, of the first conical tightening body 53, the second conical tightening body 54 and the formation resulting from a groove or a passage along the conical locking surfaces 51, 52 opposite of the two conical clamping bodies 53, 54, the pressure means can flow, here through the second working channel 24.2 , to the second working chamber 49, to then cause axial movement of the piston 22 or of the piston rod 22.1 in the inlet direction 31.

For this purpose, the shut-off valve 98 is in the passage position 100 shown in Fig. 3. This position is eventually achieved with the additional help of a control channel 102 that is derived from the fluid channel 47. Since the connection channel 86 is switched to the state without pressure is then without pressure then also the control channel 99 of the shut-off valve 98, which is in fluid communication with it through the fluid channel 97, so that the valve closure 98 remains in the step position 100 shown in Figure 3.

Since, in this example of operation and embodiment, the fluid slide bearing 45 is first loaded with pressure medium and only the second working chamber 49 is fed or loaded with the pressure medium only Firstly, the first conical tightening body 54 fixed to the spindle 30 is lifted from the second conical tightening body 54, so that a spindle 30 is then rotated with respect to the cylinder 21 around its axis of rotation 33, and only then, the pressure means can flow to the second working chamber 49 through the groove or the mentioned passage path, to produce an axial movement of the piston 22 and, consequently of the piston rod 22.1 in the direction of inlet 32. In this manner, a spindle 30 rotates with respect to the cylinder 21 around its axis of rotation 33, so that the piston rod 22.1 can then enter the direction of Trada 32.

During the entry of the piston 22 or the piston rod 22.1 in the inlet direction 32, the pressure means located in the first working chamber 48 slides to the first working channel 24.1 and, from there, it can exit, through the lowering brake valve 90, to the connection channel 86 which here serves as the return channel. With the help of the lowering brake valve 90, a back pressure is maintained in the first working chamber 48

or braking pressure acting against the working pressure in the second working chamber 49 and causing the piston 22 and, consequently, the piston rod 22.1 not to move uncontrollably in the inlet direction 32 and, especially , do not advance uncontrollably in the inlet direction 32. To always guarantee a sufficiently large back pressure in the first working chamber 48 as the working pressure in the second working chamber 49 increases, as schematically shown in the figure 3, the lowering brake valve 90 may be coupled through the control channel 91 which is in fluid communication with the second working channel 24.2 or with the second working chamber 49. Thus, the braking valve of descent 90 opens a passage path between the first working channel 24.1 and the connecting channel 86 depending on the working pressure acting on the second channel d e work 24.2 or in the second working chamber 49, preferably proportionally to the working pressure, so that as the working pressure in the second working chamber 49 increases, with the help of the brake valve decrease 90 can be achieved or correspondingly achieved by increasing back pressure, preferably proportionally, in the first working chamber 48.

For the output of the piston rod 22.1 of the locking cylinder 20 lockable under pressure, in the exit direction 32, the connection channel 86 is loaded with pressure medium, while the other connection channel 87 is switched to the state without pressure . Then, the pressure medium can flow through the connection channel 86 to the fluid channel 206 which is in fluid communication with the multi-way valve 104, so that, therefore, by pressure, the closing element 105 of the multi-way valve 104 passes from the position shown in Figure 4 to a passage position that leaves the passage path between the fluid channel 206 and the fluid channel 146 which is in fluid communication with the flow fluid sliding bearing 145, while at the same time closing the passage path between the fluid channel 197 and the fluid channel 146. Therefore, now the pressure medium can flow from the fluid channel 206, to through the multi-way valve 104, through the fluid channel 206 and load the fluid slide bearing 145.

By the check valve 88 disposed between the connection channel 86 and the first working channel 24.1 parallel to the flow path comprising the fluid slide bearing 145, it is guaranteed that by the pressure means entering through the flow channel connection 86 the fluid slide bearing 145 is first loaded and only after a lifting of the truncated cone-shaped disk 155, that is, of the first conical tightening body 153, the second conical tightening body 154 and the resulting formation of a groove or a passage path along the opposite tapered locking surfaces 151, 152 of the two conical clamping bodies 153, 154, the pressure means can flow to the first working chamber 48 through the first channel 24.1 to produce an axial movement of the piston 22 or the piston rod 22.1 in the outlet direction 32.

For this purpose, the throttling / switching valve between throttle / passage 198 made as a 2-2 distribution valve is in the position 200 represented in Figure 4. This position is eventually achieved with the additional help of a control channel 202 which is derived from the fluid channel 147. Since the connection channel 87 is switched to the pressureless state, then the control channel 199 of the valve 198, which is in fluid communication with it through is also without pressure of the fluid channel 197, so that the valve 198 remains in the passage position 200 shown in Figure 4.

Since, in this example of operation and embodiment, first of all, the fluid slide bearing 145 is loaded with a pressure means and only then the first working chamber 48 is fed or loaded with pressure medium, in first, the first conical tightening body 153 fixed to the spindle 30 is lifted from the second conical tightening body 154, so that a spindle 30 is then rotated with respect to the cylinder 21 around its axis of rotation 33, and only then, the pressure means can flow to the first working chamber 48 through a groove or a passage between the conical locking surfaces 151, 152 opposite of the two conical clamping bodies 153, 154, to produce a axial movement of the piston 22 and, consequently, of the piston rod 22.1 in the exit direction 32. In this way, a rotation of the spindle 30 with respect to the cylinder 21 around its axis occurs turning 33, so that the piston rod 22.1 can exit in the exit direction 32.

During the exit of the piston 22 or the piston rod 22.1 in the exit direction 32, the pressure means located in the second working chamber 49 slides to the second working channel 24.2 and, from this, it can exit, through the lowering brake valve 90, to the connection channel 87 which here serves as the return channel. With the help of the lowering brake valve 90, in the second working chamber 49 a back pressure or braking pressure is maintained that acts against the working pressure in the first working chamber 48 and which causes the piston 22 and, consequently, the piston rod 22.1 does not move uncontrollably in the outlet direction 32 and, especially, does not advance uncontrollably in the outlet direction 32. To always ensure a sufficiently large back pressure in the second working chamber 49 As the working pressure in the first working chamber 48 increases, as schematically represented in Figure 4, the lowering brake valve 90 may be coupled through the control channel 191 which is in fluid communication with the first working channel 24.1 or with the first working chamber 48. In this way, the lowering brake valve 90 opens a passage path between the second or working channel 24.2 and the connecting channel 87 depending on the working pressure acting in the first working channel 24.1 or in the first working chamber 48, preferably proportional to the working pressure, so that As the working pressure in the first working chamber 48 increases, with the help of the lowering brake valve 90, a rising back pressure can be achieved or correspondingly achieved, preferably proportionally, in the second working chamber 49.

For the entry of the piston rod 22.1 of the traction lockable locking cylinder 20, in the inlet direction 32, the connection channel 87 is loaded with pressure medium. In this way, the pressure medium can flow through the connection channel 87 and, leaving it at a branch point, both through the fluid channel 197 which is in fluid communication with the multi-way valve 104 and through the fluid channel 207 which is in fluid communication with the descent braking valve 90 and with the check valve 92. Now, the pressure means in the fluid channel 197 can flow to the multi-way valve 104 which for this reason or because of this, it leaves free the path of passage to the fluid channel 146 which is in fluid communication with the fluid slide bearing 145, while substantially at the same time it is closed by the closing element 105 of the valve multi-way 104 the passage path to the fluid channel 206. Thus, in this way, the fluid slide bearing 145 is loaded with pressure medium. Substantially at the same time, the pressure means can flow, through the check valve 93 arranged parallel to the lowering brake valve 90, to the second working channel 24.2 and, consequently, to the second working chamber 49 which is formed or can be formed between the cylinder cover 40.1 and the piston 22. Therefore, in this way, the fluid slide bearing 145 and the second working chamber 49 are loaded from the pressure medium substantially thereto weather. In this way, there is a lifting of the first conical tightening body 153, made as a truncated cone-shaped disk 155 with an outer cone 156, of the second conical tightening body 154 made with an inner cone, in the direction 31, until that the first conical tightening body 153 abuts the axial bearing 138. Because of the friction forces originated at the latest, and in combination with the working pressure that simultaneously acts in the second working chamber 49, it can rotate the spindle 30, so that the piston 22 and, consequently, the piston rod 22.1 move in the exit direction 31.

As a result of the lifting of the first conical tightening body 153 made as a truncated cone disk 155, of the second conical tightening body 154, the formation of a passage path or a gap between the opposite conical locking surfaces 151, 152 of the two conical tightening bodies 153,

154. The pressure medium entering then can reach, through the fluid channel 147 and the throttle / throttle / changeover valve butterfly 198, to the fluid channel 203 and, from there, to the flow channel connection 86 without pressure, because due to the loading of the fluid channel 197 with the pressure medium, the control channel 199 of the valve 198 is also loaded with the pressure medium, which leaves it at a branch point, whereby the valve 198 passes or has passed from the passage position 200 shown in Figure 4 to a throttle position 201.

By said loading of the connection channel 87 with the pressure means, the other connection channel 88 is switched to the state without pressure with the aid of a suitable means, not shown in the figures. Thus, during the inlet of the piston rod 22.1 in the inlet direction 31, the pressure means located in the first working chamber 48 between the piston 22 and the appendix 172 of the cylinder bottom 140 can exit through the first working channel 24.1 and the check valve 88 located in front of the bypass point of the fluid channel 206 of the connection channel 86, seen in the flow direction, and through the connection channel 86 which then serves as the return channel.

The invention can also be summarized as follows:

The invention relates to a locking cylinder 20, 120 with a cylinder 21 and with a piston 22 which can move relative thereto in the axial direction 59 with the aid of a pressure means and which is connected with the cylinder in shape. not rotating The piston 22 is provided with a piston thread 26 which, forming a non-self-locking thread 27, engages with the screw thread 28 of a spindle 30 which can rotate with respect to the cylinder 21 about a rotation axis 33 and slide in the axial direction with respect to the cylinder 21. The spindle 30 is non-rotatably connected with a first conical tightening body 53; 153 self-locking having first conical locking surfaces 51, 151, whose conical locking surfaces 51, 151 can be self-locking by means of second conical locking surfaces 52, 152 of a second self-locking conical body 54, 154 self-locking. The invention also relates to a method for non-rotating friction locking of a spindle 30 as well as to a method for unlocking a spindle 30 locked non-rotationally by friction.

List of reference signs

20 Lock cylinder 21 Cylinder 22 Piston

22.1

 Piston rod

23.1

 (First) side of 22

23.2

 (Second) side of 22

24.1

 (First) work channel

24.2 (Second) working channel 25 Longitudinal axis of 21 26 Piston thread 27 Non-self-locking thread 28 Spindle thread 29 Load 30 Spindle 31 First direction 32 Second direction 33 Rotation axis 30 34 Double arrow / axial sliding / sliding kit / axial spindle play 35 (Primer) locking support body

 Truncated cone shaped disk 56 Outer cone 57 Internal cone

36 (Second) locking support body 37 Seal 38 (First) axial bearing / needle bearing / annular bearing 39 (Second) axial bearing / fluid sliding bearing 40 Cylinder bottom 40.1 Cylinder cover 41 ( First) support body 42 (Second) support body 43 (First) support surface 44 (Second) support surface 45 Fluid sliding bearing 46 (First) fluid channel 47 (Second) fluid channel 48 (First) working chamber 49 (Second) working chamber 50 Thread-free part of 30 51 (First) conical locking surfaces 52 (Second) conical locking surfaces 53 (First) conical tightening body 54 (Second) conical tightening body 55 Tapered disk 78 Support ring groove 80 Outside diameter of 43

58 Part of 53

59 Axial direction

60 Board

61 (First) lock and support support body

62 (Second) lock and support support body

63 (First) tilt angle

64 (Second) angle of inclination

65 (First) side of 53

66 (Second) side of 53

67 (First) side of 54

69 End (located on the bottom of the cylinder bottom) of 30

71 Extreme (free) of 30

72 Appendix

75 Cavity / chamber

76 Appendix

77 T-shaped cross section of 75 Shut-off valve / stop valve

99 Switching / control channel

100 Passage Position

101 Lock Position

102 Fluid channel / loading channel

103 Fluid Channel

104 Medium / multi-way valve / double check valve

105 Closure Element

106 Fluid Channel

107 Fluid Channel

108 Control or regulation bodies

120 Lock Cylinder

129 Load

135 (First) locking support body

136 (Second) blocking support body

138 (Primer) axial bearing / bearing / needle bearing / annular bearing

139 (Second) axial bearing / fluid sliding bearing

81 Inside diameter of 76 82 Outside diameter of 50 83 Side of 76 85 Control unit / control device 86 Channel / connection channel / drill 87 Channel / connection channel / drill 88 Return locking means / check valve 89 Element shut-off 88 90 Medium / Valve (load retention and /) lowering braking 91 Fluid channel / control channel 92 Return blocking means / check valve 93 Locking element 92 94 Spring 95 Input 90 96 90 outlet 97 Fluid channel 98 Medium / 2-2 shut-off valve / 98 'half-way valve / 2-2 distribution valve 145 Fluid slide bearing 146 (First) fluid channel 147 (Second) fluid channel 151 (First) conical locking surfaces 152 (Second) conical locking surfaces 153 (First) conical tightening body 154 (Second) conical tightening body 155 Conical disc / truncated cone-shaped disc 156 External cone 157 Inner cone 158 Part of 153 161 (First) locking and supporting support body 162 (Second) locking and supporting support body 163 (First) inclination angle 164 (Second) inclination angle 165 (First) 153 side

140 Cylinder bottom 141 (First) support body 142 (Second) support body 143 (First) support surface 144 (Second) support surface 175 Cavity / chamber 177 T-shaped cross section of 175 178 Support annular groove 180 Outside diameter of 143 185 Control unit 191 Switching / control channel 197 Fluid channel 198 Medium / shut-off valve 2-2 / stop valve 199 Switching / control channel 200 Step position 201 Throttle position 202 Fluid channel / loading channel 203 Fluid channel 206 Fluid channel 207 Fluid channel 208 Control or regulation bodies

166 (Second) side of 153 167 (First) side of 154 172 Appendix

Claims (12)

1.- Locking cylinder (20, 120) with a cylinder (21) and with a piston (22) that with the help of a fluid pressure means that can be supplied to one side (23.1) of the piston (22) through of a working channel (24.1) or both sides (23.1, 23.2) of the piston (22) through working channels (24.1, 24.2) assigned to said sides (23.1, 23.2) can move parallel to the longitudinal axis (25 ) of the cylinder (21) in a first direction (31) and in a second direction (32) opposite to the first direction (31) and which is provided with a piston thread (26) forming a non-self-locking thread (27) It is in engagement with a spindle thread (28) of a spindle (30) automatically lockable by friction and gravity that can rotate with respect to the cylinder (21) around a rotation axis (33) arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis (25) of the cylinder (21) and which can slide axially with respect to the cylinder (21) in the axial direction (59), in the which at least two blocking support bodies are provided (35, 36; 135, 136) which can be passed to a mutually friction locking gear and are intended to lock the spindle (30) by friction against a rotation around its axis of rotation (33) and absorb axial forces acting on the spindle (30) in the second direction (32), and in which at least a first locking support body (35; 135) of the blocking support bodies (35, 36; 135, 136) is connected with the spindle (30) in a non-rotating manner, and in which at least a second locking support body (36; 136) of the blocking support bodies (35, 36; 135, 136) is connected to the cylinder (21) in a non-rotating manner, and in which the spindle (30) is supported on at least two axial bearings (38, 39; 138, 139), a first axial bearing (38; 138) thereof being designed to absorb axial forces acting on the spindle (30) in the first direction (31) and a second axial bearing (39; 139) being designed to absorb axial forces acting s lock the spindle

(30)

 in the second direction (32), and in which the spindle (30) is attached or made with a first support body (41; 141) having a first support surface (43; 143) opposite a second surface of support (44; 144) of a second support body (42; 142) connected with the cylinder (21) in a non-rotating manner, and in which the first support surface (43; 143) of the first support body (41 ; 141) and the second support surface (44; 144) of the second support body (42; 142) form the second axial bearing (39; 139) which is made as a sliding bearing by hydrostatic fluid (45, 145) which through a first fluid channel (46; 146) it is loaded or can be loaded with one or the fluid pressure medium, characterized in that the first locking support body (35; 135) is made as the first conical tightening body ( 53; 153) self-locking that has first conical locking surfaces (51; 151) and because the second body of blocking support (36; 136) is made as a second self-locking conical tightening body (54; 154) having second conical locking surfaces (52; 152), and because the conical locking surfaces (51, 52; 151, 152) of the conical bodies of Tightening (53, 54; 153, 154) can be joined together by self-locking tightening, and because the first conical tightening body (53; 153) is at least partly housed in a cavity (75; 175) of the cylinder ( 21) which is limited on the one hand by a cylinder bottom (40) of the cylinder (21) and, on the other hand, by an appendix (72; 172) extending radially and transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis (25) of the cylinder

(twenty-one)

and that it is arranged between the first conical tightening body (53; 153) and the piston (22), and because the first fluid channel (46; 146) flows, on a first side (65, 165) of the first conical body of tightening (53, 153), in the cavity (75, 175) assigned to its first conical locking surfaces (51, 151) inclined towards the axis of rotation

(33)

 of the spindle (30), and because the cavity (75; 175) is sealed by a seal (76) with respect to the piston (22) or a working chamber (48) formed between the cylinder (21) and the piston (22 ) which is delimited by the side (23.1) of the piston (22), oriented towards the first conical tightening body (53; 153), and into which the working channel (24.1) ends.

2. Locking cylinder according to claim 1, characterized in that during a movement of the piston (22) both in the first direction (31) and in the second direction (32) and / or during a rotation of the spindle (30) around its axis of rotation (33), preferably also when entering stop or during piston stop (22), especially also in a piston stop position (22), the fluid slide bearing (45; 145) is loaded or is loaded with the fluid pressure medium, such that the conical clamping bodies (53, 54; 153, 154) are loose from each other, especially lifted from each other so that their conical surfaces are not touched. blocking (51, 52; 151, 152). 3.-Locking cylinder according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that in a housing, preferably in a final housing provided in the area of axial bearings (38, 39; 138, 139) and / or a bottom of Cylinder (40) of cylinder (21) or at the bottom of cylinder (40) are arranged fluid channels (46, 146; 91, 191; 97, 197; 99, 199; 103, 203; 106, 206) and organs of control and / or regulation (108, 208; 88; 90; 98, 98 ', 198; 104) that form a control unit (85, 185), between connecting ducts or holes (86, 87), intended to the alternate supply and evacuation of the pressure medium, and fluid channels (24.1, 24.2) to working chambers (48, 49) provided on both sides of the piston (22), and to the fluid sliding bearing (45, 145 ). 4. Locking cylinder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between a first working channel (24.1, 24.2) that is in fluid communication with a first working chamber (48, 49) and a second fluid channel (107, 86; 207, 87), especially a return or outlet channel (86, 87), is provided a means (90) for limiting the pressure and / or the flow rate of the pressure medium by a passage between the first working channel (24.1, 24.2) and the second fluid channel (107, 86; 207, 87), depending on the pressure in a second working channel (24.2, 24.1) that is in fluid communication with a second working chamber (49, 48), and the first working chamber (48, 49) is assigned to a first side (23.1, 23.2) of the piston (22), being preferably limited by it, and is arranged behind or after the piston (22), seen in the direction (32) of an axial movement of the piston (22) in parallel with respect to the longitudinal axis (25) of the cylinder (21) or in parallel with respect to the axis of rotation (33) of the spindle (30), and the second working chamber (49, 48) is assigned to a second side (23.2; 23.1) of the piston (22), being preferably limited by it, and is arranged in front of the piston (22), seen in said direction (32). 5.-Locking cylinder according to claim 4, characterized in that the means (90) is made as a lowering brake valve or as a lowering and holding brake valve (90) coupled to a control channel (91) which It is in fluid communication with the second working chamber (49, 48) for the control or regulation of a back pressure in the first working chamber (48, 49) that acts against the pressure in the second working chamber (49 , 48). 6. Lock cylinder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between a fluid channel (46, 146) that is in fluid communication with the fluid sliding bearing (45, 145) and two connection channels ( 86, 87) that alternating serve as an advance channel or a return channel, a means (104) is provided to free a first path between the fluid channel (46, 146) and a first connection channel (86) of the connection channels (86, 87) and, preferably, to substantially close at the same time a second passage path between the fluid channel (46, 146) and a second connection channel (87) of the connection channels ( 86, 87) or to free the second path between the fluid channel (46, 146) and the second connection channel (87) and, preferably, to substantially close the first path between the channel at the same time of fluid (46, 146) and the first connection channel (86). 7.-Lock cylinder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between a first fluid channel (47, 147) that when the blocking support bodies (35, 36; 135, 136) or the conical tightening bodies ( 53, 54; 153, 154) are connected to each other by tightening it is closed with respect to the fluid channel (46, 146) that is in fluid communication with the fluid sliding bearing (45, 145) and that when locking support bodies (35, 36; 135, 136) or the conical tightening bodies (53, 54; 153, 154) are raised from each other is in fluid communication with the fluid channel (46, 146) , and with a second fluid channel (103, 24.2; 203, 24.1) that is in fluid communication with one or the working chamber (49, 48), a means (98, 98 '; 198) is provided for the optional closure or release or the optional throttling or release of a passage path between the first fluid channel (47, 147) and the second fluid channel (103, 24.2; 203, 24.1). 8. Procedure for non-rotating friction locking of the rotating spindle (30) around its axis of rotation (33) of the locking cylinder (20, 120) having the characteristics of at least one of claims 1 to 7, against a rotation with respect to the cylinder (21) around the axis of rotation (33), characterized in that at least one of the locking support bodies (35; 135) is passed from an unlocked position that allows the spindle to rotate (30) with respect to the cylinder (21) around its axis of rotation (33) to a locked position in which the locking support bodies (35, 36; 135, 136) can be joined together by tightly tightening Self-locking by static friction, in a non-rotating manner, so that only by exerting loosening forces that release the joint by tightening can they be moved to the unlocked position. 9-. Procedure for unlocking the spindle (30) locked in a non-rotating way, by friction as well as by gravity, automatically, against a rotation with respect to the cylinder (21) around its axis of rotation (33), of the locking cylinder (20, 120) having the characteristics of at least one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, in the locked state, the spindle (30) is locked by the locking support bodies (35, 36; 135, 136), by friction, against a rotation with respect to the cylinder (21) around its axis of rotation (33), and in which the locking support bodies (35, 36; 135, 136) absorb axial forces acting on the spindle (30) in the second direction, and in which the locking support bodies (35, 36; 135, 136) can be passed to an unlocked position in which the spindle (30) can rotate with respect to the cylinder (21) around its axis of rotation (33), characterized in that at least one of the blocking support bodies (35, 135 ) is passed from a blocking position in which the blocking support bodies (35, 36; 135, 136) are connected to each other in a self-locking manner by static friction, in a non-rotating manner, so that only by exerting loosening forces that release the joint by tightening can they move into an unlocked position that allows the spindle to rotate (30) with respect to the cylinder (21) around its axis of rotation (33), to the unlocked position. 10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the blocking support bodies (35, 36; 135, 136) are passed from the blocking position in which they are self-locking together by static friction, by means of the Loading the hydrostatic fluid sliding bearing (45; 145) with the fluid pressure medium, to an unlocking position that allows a spindle rotation (30) with respect to the cylinder (21) around its axis of rotation (33) , or to an unlocked position in which the spindle (30) can rotate with respect to the cylinder (21) substantially freely and without obstacles. Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the blocking support bodies (35, 36; 135, 136) having conical blocking surfaces (51, 52; 151, 152) are passed from the blocking position in the one that are joined together by tightening in a self-locking way by static friction, by loading the hydrostatic fluid sliding bearing (45; 145) with the fluid pressure medium, to a lifting and unlocking position in which the bodies of blocking support (35, 36; 135, 136) are raised from each other in such a way that their conical blocking surfaces (51, 52; 151, 152) are no longer touched. 12. Method according to at least one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that, preferably with the aid of one or of the control device (85, 185), firstly, the fluid slide bearing (45, 145) It is loaded with the pressure means to allow a rotation of the spindle (30) with respect to the cylinder (21) around its axis of rotation (33) and / or to cause a lifting of the blocking support bodies (35, 36 ; 135, 136) or of the conical tightening bodies (53, 54; 153, 154) of the locking position in which they are joined by tightening, by static friction, to a lifting and unlocking position in the that the locking support bodies (35, 36; 135, 136) or the conical tightening bodies (53, 54; 153, 154) are raised from each other, such that their conical locking surfaces (51, 52 ) are no longer touched at least in part, and only afterwards, the pressure medium is supplied to an assigned working chamber (48, 49) a side (23.1, 23.2) of the piston (22), being preferably delimited by it, or to allow, encourage or cause a movement of the piston (22) in an axial direction (59), parallel to the longitudinal axis ( 25) of the cylinder (21) or in parallel with respect to the axis of rotation (33) of the spindle (30). 13. Method according to claim 12, characterized in that, first, the fluid slide bearing (45, 145) is loaded with the pressure medium through one or the fluid channel (46, 146), which produces a lifting of the blocking support bodies (35, 36; 135, 136) or of the conical tightening bodies (53, 54; 153, 154) of the blocking position in which they are joined together by tightening , by static friction, to a lifting and unlocking position in which the locking support bodies (35, 36; 135, 136) or the conical tightening bodies (53, 54; 153, 154) are raised from each other at least in part, in such a way that their conical locking surfaces (51, 52) are no longer touched at least in part, with a passage path being opened or formed between and along the conical locking surfaces (51, 52 ) opposite in the raised state, which is or is in fluid communication with one or the fluid channel ( 47, 147) which is in fluid communication with the working chamber (48, 49), such that the piston (22) is loaded with the pressure medium flowing to the working chamber (48, 49) through the fluid channel (47, 147) to allow, encourage or cause a movement of the piston (22) in an axial direction (59), in parallel with respect to the longitudinal axis (25) of the cylinder (21) or in parallel with respect to to the axis of rotation (33) of the spindle (30).