DE102010010817B4 - Process for stacking stacked bodies, in particular sand-lime bricks - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for stacking at least approximately parallelepiped stacked bodies, wherein the stacked bodies are arranged to form a stack having a plurality of stack layers, each comprising a plurality of mutually parallel stacked rows of cores, and wherein at least one stacking layer is provided with at least one stacked body or a stacked body row or a stacked body row section, or the at least one rotated stack body (32) or stack body row section or the at least one rotated stack body row (I.1, I.2) on at least one side edge of the stack layer (46) is arranged rotated to the other stacked bodies, stacked body row sections or stacking rows is arranged such that a smallest side surface of the stack body (32) or the individual stack body (32) of the stack body row section or the stack body row faces outwardly, characterized in that a stack layer (46) is made with partially rotated stacking body rows in the following steps: - gripping a stacking block comprising two rows of staples (I.1, I.2) and depositing in a rotated orientation on a side edge of the stack on the stacking layer (42) arranged thereunder; - Grasping the inner (I.2) of the two stacking body rows and settling on the opposite side edge; - Grasping the provided for the internal arrangement stacking rows (II.1, II.2, III, IV) and settling between the offset at the side edges rotated stacked rows of staples (I.1, I.2) in to the underlying stacking layer (42) parallel alignment in one or more consecutive steps.

Description

The invention relates to a method for stacking individual at least approximately cuboid stacked bodies according to the preamble of claim 1 and the preamble of claim 4.

For storage or transport of masonry or building blocks such as calcareous sandstones or bricks or of stone compacts or moldings before hardening during the production of masonry or building blocks such as sand-lime bricks, it is common to this on a pallet or on a trolley, especially a curing car to layer in a pile. As a rule, such a stack comprises a plurality of individual layers or layers of the essentially cuboidal stones or stone moldings as stacked bodies, which are located in mutually parallel planes. In each layer or layer several stack rows of these stones or stone moldings are also arranged parallel to each other. It is now also the stack rows of adjacent layers or layers parallel to each other or rectified, in particular, the stacking can also lead to vertical rows, so that an overhead stack body completely covers an underlying. However, such an arrangement is quite unstable. As soon as even slight vibration occur, this stack can at least partially collapse. This risk of collapse can already be reduced by the fact that the superposed surfaces of stones of adjacent layers are slightly offset, which is sufficient in many cases.

To reduce the risk of collapse, it is also known to arrange the individual layers or layers in each rotated orientation, so that on a layer overlying layer comes to rest in such a way that the stack rows of one layer are offset from each other at right angles to those of the adjacent layer , This rotation can be done after each shift. Such an arrangement is for example an embodiment according to the patent DE 16 08 681 C , which also shows a further embodiment of a stack, in which two adjacent stacked stacked body rows are arranged on a side edge, wherein from layer to layer, the respective side edge changes from one side to the respective opposite side. Out US 4 119 217 A For example, it is known to provide a 90 ° offset only after every other layer. However, this constant rotation of the Stapelgreiferarmes requires time and energy, so that this stacking, although it means a largely stable structure is not economical. In addition, only a few combinations of stacked body dimensions and stacking dimensions make it possible to uniformly cover the individual layers rotated relative to one another.

The DE 20 23 676 B discloses an apparatus and method for placing brick briquettes into a stack, in which the individual stack layers with partially rotated rows of briquettes are made by raising square arrays from adjacent rows of bricks from the subdivided stacked laminations on a conveyor belt after being rotated by 90 ° between the standing rows of blanks or next to them, they are returned to the staging belt.

The DE 27 54 899 A1 A method and apparatus for automatically setting pallet-forming stone blocks of stone packages is known. A freely selectable part of pressed blanks is transferred by a gripping device so on the already pre-stacked stone package that arise as topmost position of the stone packages stone lines with gaps.

Furthermore, from the US Pat. No. 3,894,639 A known to provide only one layer with completely rotated stacked bodies. However, in this prior art, the rotated layer serves as a cover layer of a layer having two channels for inserting the arms of a forklift truck.

Finally it is off the US 4 014 441 A known to assign the individual layers a variety of arrangement pattern of the stacked body, so that even in a layer individual stacked body are arranged orthogonal to each other and for adjacent layers always different patterns are provided. Although such a stack is characterized by a high stability, the production of this variety of different patterns is time consuming and expensive.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method for stacking of stacked bodies of the type described, is achieved by the same with sufficient stability of the stack, a particularly economical production.

• – Greifen eines zwei Stapelkörperreihen umfassenden Stapelblocks und Absetzen in gedrehter Ausrichtung an einem Seitenrand des Stapels auf der darunter angeordneten Stapellage;
• – Greifen der inneren der beiden Stapelkörperreihen und Absetzen am gegenüberliegenden Seitenrand;
• – Greifen der für die innenliegende Anordnung vorgesehenen Stapelkörperreihen und Absetzen zwischen den an den Seitenrändern abgesetzten gedrehten Stapelkörperreihen in zu der darunter angeordneten Stapellage paralleler Ausrichtung in einem oder mehreren aufeinander folgenden Schritten.

The solution of this object is achieved in a method according to the preamble of claim 1, characterized in that a stack layer is created with partially rotated stack body rows in the following steps:

• Gripping a stacking block comprising two rows of stacking bodies and depositing in rotated orientation on a side edge of the stack on the stacking layer arranged thereunder;
• - Grasping the inner of the two stacking body rows and settling on the opposite side edge;
• - Grasping the provided for the internal arrangement stacking rows and settling between the offset on the side edges rotated stacked rows of staples arranged in parallel to the stacking layer in one or more successive steps.

By this rotated arrangement of one or more juxtaposed stacked body on a side edge an anchorage is created comparatively, which acts in a simple and economical way stabilizing on this side of the stack. This side of the stack is distinguished by the fact that the other stack layers have stacked bodies with conventional orientation, which lie with their longitudinal axis parallel to the side edge of the stack. In this orientation of stacked stacked body there is no particularly stable equilibrium position, so that the stacking body can tilt away at this side edge at already small shocks. The rotated stack body according to the invention provide a remedy in the sense of a Reibschlussverankerung.

The stacked bodies are preferably bricks or bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks, or, generally pressed, bricks for bricks or bricks, in particular sand-lime bricks.

When stacking the stacked body on a trolley, especially when it comes to the stacked bodies to building or brick moldings, which are placed on a trolley, especially curing car, to transport them to a hardening plant or a drying or kiln, can now the stack can be formed in particular in two variants.

In a first embodiment, the stack is oriented such that the longitudinal axes of the parallel moldings are aligned orthogonal to the direction of travel and / or the longitudinal axes of the rotated moldings are aligned parallel to the direction of travel for stabilization against lateral forces z. B. when swaying the car or uneven or inaccurate tracks or driving surfaces. In this case, the arrangement of the rotated moldings preferably takes place on the front and rear side edges of the stack seen in the direction of travel to stabilize against loads during startup and braking of the transport or hardening cart.

In particular, when the starting and braking forces of the moving transport or curing cart are greater than forces acting sideways when swaying the car, it is cheaper, the conventional or parallel oriented moldings with their longitudinal axes in the direction of travel of the transport or curing trolley and / or the longitudinal axes align the rotated moldings orthogonal to the direction of travel and further preferably arranged the rotated moldings on the left and on the right side edge of the stack seen in the direction of travel.

A particularly rapid construction of the stack can be achieved by using a stack gripper, which receives a complete stacking layer at once and settles on the pallet or the curing car. For economic reasons, however, smaller stack grippers are usually used which several times move individual stackable stack blocks to complete one stack layer. In a particular embodiment of the invention, a conventional stack layer with exclusively parallel stacking bodies is produced in that the stack gripper in four working steps each settles a stacking block in a matrix, preferably 2 × 2 matrix. In this case, such a stack block preferably comprises at least two mutually parallel stacking body rows.

Preferably, a stack gripper is designed such that it can accommodate individual stacked bodies or whole or staggered stacked body rows or stacked body row sections of an intermediate storage, which is for example a conveyor belt or a lifting table. In order for the abovementioned gaps to be provided in the rotated arrangement, when a stacked-body row provided for the rotated arrangement is gripped, the stacking gripper does not include one or more stacking bodies in the region of the intended gaps. These unrecorded stacking bodies remain at the intermediate storage and, if appropriate, can be supplied for immediate recycling, in particular if they are shaped articles.

The above method is further developed in that the inner stacking body rows are arranged so that the stacking gripper performs the already described four-time settling in a 2 × 2 arrangement, these inner stack body rows are shorter overall because of the already deposited rotated stacking body rows than in the case of stacking with exclusively conventionally arranged stacking body rows. Therefore, in two of the four operations, the stack gripper receives stacking blocks having shortened stacking body rows.

The stability of the stack, which is or has been built in the manner described so far, can be further increased by having parallel stacked, adjacent stacked rows of stacked stack layers have an axial offset parallel to the rows between the individual stack layers. To this In fact, even in the case of stacked bodies deposited in a conventional manner, there is mutual mutual frictional engagement, albeit with respect to the rotated orientation because of the smaller surface coverage.

A particularly good stabilization of the stack can be achieved by arranging the stack layer with the at least one rotated stacked body in the upper half of the stack. In order to achieve a particularly high Reibschlussverankerung, it is advantageous if the arrangement is carried out in the lower region of the upper half. In this way, provide the overlying, again arranged in a conventional orientation stack layers for a high frictional effect benefit coming large contact pressure.

Alternatively or in addition to the method described above, for a particularly economical, because time-saving loading of a curing cart or a pallet, a method can be used, in which again the stacked body are arranged to form a stack with several stack layers, according to the invention at least one step in creating of the stack, in which a stack gripper picks up a stackable block that can be grasped by it from an intermediate storage, in particular a conveyor belt or a lifting table, and places it on the pallet or the hardening trolley, wherein the stacking block comprises at least two stacked body rows arranged one above the other. Preferably, the stack gripper, in order to be able to work particularly time-saving, at least two superimposed stacked body double rows of each horizontal arrangement grab. Also in this case, it is favorable for a stabilizing arrangement, if an axial offset is provided parallel to the rows between the individual stack layers when depositing mutually parallel adjacent stack rows of stacked stacked double layers.

In this alternative or additionally applicable method, the stack layers are produced with stacked bodies arranged exclusively in parallel by depositing at least two stacked rows of staples and the stack layer with the rotated stack bodies or stack body row sections or stack body rows in one or more single-layer stack process steps. In this way, a stack is produced in a particularly economical, but also stable manner.

The invention will now be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings of an embodiment. Showing:

1a -D a fully loaded with sand-lime bricks hardening car in front, side and top view

2 the fully loaded hardening trolley with stacking gripper

3 the gripper hand of the stack gripper of 2

4a -C to 10a -c
the hardening trolley when loading a layer with partially turned stone rows during the successive steps
each in a schematic representation. Corresponding parts and sizes are provided in the figures with the same reference numerals.

In the production of cuboid sand-lime bricks first sand-lime bricks are produced by pressing, which then have to be fed to a hardening process. For the transport of these moldings for hardening furnace or hardening plant comes a so-called hardening car 30 for use, a variety of these moldings 32 picks up and along with these on a track layout 34 enters the curing oven.

The loading of the curing cart 30 takes over a pile grab 36 , with his claw hand 38 a double row, each of a predetermined number, in the illustrated example 17, moldings 32 pick up from a lifting table, not shown, and on the hardening cart 30 can settle. The claw hand 38 of the stack gripper 36 is designed to rotate about a vertical axis. The gripper fingers 40 the gripper hand 38 are individually controllable, so that the stack gripper 34 complete double rows with a total of 34 moldings 32 , but also only individual shapes 32 or molding series sections or molding rows with gaps (ie missing individual moldings) can accommodate.

The hardening car 30 is in the illustrated embodiment with a total of 13 layers 42 . 44 . 46 of moldings 32 loaded. Of course, it can also be more or fewer layers. This includes the lower seven and the ninth to eleventh layer 42 a total of 136 moldings in four parallel rows of 34 moldings each 32 lined up. The twelfth and the thirteenth shift 44 are only half each, so have four rows of 17 moldings 32 on and are in the middle of the eleventh layer 42 applied.

To stabilize the stack are the individual layers 42 . 44 slightly offset axially to each other, so that the single molding 32 not completely on the underlying molding 32 comes to the edition, but its neighbors also partially covers. Such stabilization catches small shocks so that the stack does not collapse.

However, this axial offset is not sufficient for larger shocks to prevent collapses completely. Therefore, the eighth layer 46 produced in an additional stabilizing structure. In fact, there are only four internal rows of 25 shapes each 32 in a conventional arrangement, ie parallel to the moldings 32 in the layers below and above 42 . 44 aligned. The right and left margin (in the direction of travel of the hardship 30 seen) form moldings 32 , which are orthogonal to the inner moldings 32 are arranged and with one of its two smallest side surfaces facing outward, that is, their longitudinal axes are orthogonal to the direction of travel.

The structure of a conventional layer 42 now takes place according to 1c in that the stack gripper 36 in four steps, the individual stacking blocks A, B, C, D in a 2 × 2 matrix arrangement on the hardening cart 30 or on an underlying layer 42 settles. This creates the layers already described 42 with four rows of 34 shapes each 32 , To the gripper fingers 40 of the stack gripper 36 there are gaps to allow sufficient freedom of movement 48 between the four rows.

The eighth layer 46 will now be like in the 4 to 10 shown constructed. First, on the left margin of the seventh layer 42 according to 4a to 4c deposited a stacking block. This stacking block, in turn, consists of two rows I.1 and I.2 to 17 moldings each 32 first, is completely from the gripper hand 38 Approved. In an intermediate step, the gripper hand 38 now, as in 5a to 5c shown offset by half stacking block width so that the gripper fingers 40 , first the outer row I.1 of the stacking block, now the inner row I.2 can take. The intermediate step is done by offsetting the inner row I.2 according to the right margin 6a to 6c completed.

Subsequently, the filling of the eighth layer takes place 46 by settling the inner stacking blocks II.1 . II.2 . III . IV according to 7 to 10 ,

First, according to 7a to 7c and 8a to 8c the stack part blocks II.1 and II.2 picked up together from the lift table. These stack part blocks II.1 and II.2 each comprise two partial double rows of eight moldings 32 , So it is with the gripper hand 38 taken a nearly complete stacking block, wherein the two gripper fingers 40 with the consecutive numbers 9 no molding 32 take. The with the gripper finders 40 molded articles taken with the consecutive numbers 1 to 8 32 form the stack part block II.1 while the gripper fingers 40 with the sequential numbers 10 to 17 the stack sub-block II.2 take. In two steps are now the stack sub-blocks II.1 and II.2 diagonally adjacent to the rotated rows I.1 respectively. I.2 discontinued ( 7c and 8c ).

Finally, according to 9 and 10 picking up and placing the stacking blocks III ( 9c ) and IV ( 10c ), so that way the eighth layer 46 is completely filled. Overall, the result is again as in the conventional layers 42 Gaps 48 between each row.

When loading the two outer turned rows I.1 and I.2 grabs the stack gripper 36 in each case only 14 of the 17 moldings 32 So lets the moldings 32 at the positions 5 . 9 and 13 stand. In this way, the gaps settle 48 the stacking blocks forming the inner rows II.1 . II.2 . III . IV also in the outer turned rows 50 so that the gripper hand 38 when inserting the inner stacking blocks II.1 . II.2 . III . IV remains.

After loading the eighth layer 46 will be the ninth to eleventh shift 42 as well as the twelfth and thirteenth shift 44 deducted in the manner described, so that now the curing car 30 is completely loaded.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 ... 17

Positions of individual blanks in the stacking block

30

hardening car

32

moldings

34

track layout

36

stack gripper

38

gripper hand

40

gripper fingers

42, 44, 46

layers

48,50

Gaps

A, B, C, D

Stacking blocks of conventional layers

I.1, I.2

outer rows

II.1, II.2, III, IV

inner stacking blocks of the layer with turned moldings

Claims (10)

A method for stacking at least approximately parallelepiped stacked bodies, wherein the stacked bodies form a stack with a plurality of stack layers, each comprising a plurality of mutually parallel stacked rows of laminates, and wherein at least one stacking layer is provided with at least one stacked body or a stacked body row or a stacked body row section which is arranged rotated relative to the other stacked bodies, Stapelkörperreihenabschnitten or stacking rows of this stack layer, said at least one rotated stack body ( 32 ) or stack body row section or the at least one rotated stack body row ( I.1 . I.2 ) on at least one side edge of the stack layer ( 46 ) is arranged such that a smallest side surface of the stacked body ( 32 ) or the individual stacked body ( 32 ) of the stack body row section or the stack body row facing outwards, characterized in that a stack layer ( 46 ) is created with partially rotated stacked body rows in the following steps: - gripping a two stacking body rows ( I.1 . I.2 ) stacking in a rotated orientation on a side edge of the stack on the underlying stack layer ( 42 ); - grasping the inner ( I.2 ) of the two stacking body rows and settling on the opposite side edge; Gripping the stack body rows provided for the internal arrangement ( II.1 . II.2 . III . IV ) and settling between the rotated at the side edges rotated stacked body rows ( I.1 . I.2 ) in to the underlying stack layer ( 42 ) parallel alignment in one or more consecutive steps. A method according to claim 1, characterized by at least one or any combination of the following features: - a stack of brick or building block moldings ( 32 ) is placed on a trolley, wherein the longitudinal axes or long sides of the parallel shaped moldings ( 32 ) in the direction of travel of the hardship ( 30 ) is aligned and / or the longitudinal axes or long sides of the rotated moldings are aligned perpendicular to the direction of travel and / or wherein the rotated moldings ( 32 ) are placed on the left and right side edges of the stack; - a stack of brick or building block moldings ( 32 ) is placed on a trolley, wherein the longitudinal axes or long sides of the parallel shaped moldings ( 32 ) aligned orthogonally to the direction of travel and / or the longitudinal axes or long sides of the turned blanks are aligned parallel to the direction of travel and / or wherein the turned blanks ( 32 ) are arranged at the front and at the rear side edge; A stack layer with exclusively parallel stacking bodies ( 32 ) is generated by a stack gripper ( 36 ) sets up in each case a stack block (A, B, C, D) that can be grasped by it in a matrix arrangement in four work steps, - the stacking body rows are arranged at a distance from one another, so that gaps ( 48 ) arise - a stack gripper ( 36 ) takes individual stacking bodies ( 32 ) or stack body row sections or entire stack body rows or stack body rows with gaps from an intermediate storage; - the stack gripper ( 36 ) takes when gripping the stacked body row provided for the rotated arrangement ( I.1 . I.2 ) in the area of the gaps ( 50 ) one or more stacked bodies ( 32 not). A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the arranging of the inner stacking body rows with exclusively parallel stacking bodies takes place in that a stacking gripper ( 36 ) in four steps each one of him perceptible stack block ( II.1 . II.2 . III . IV ) settles in a matrix arrangement, wherein in two of the four working steps the stack gripper receives and deposits stack blocks which comprise shortened stack body rows, and / or that, when depositing mutually parallel, adjacent stack body rows of stack layers (FIG. 42 ) parallel to the rows between the individual stack layers ( 42 ) An axial offset is provided. A method of stacking stacked bodies, wherein the stacked bodies are arranged into a stack having a plurality of stacking layers, and wherein at least one stacking layer is provided with at least one stacked body or a stacked body row or a stacked body row section which is rotated to the other stacked bodies, stacked body row sections or stacked body rows of that stacked layer such that the at least one rotated stack body ( 32 ) or stack body row section or the at least one rotated stack body row ( I.1 . I.2 ) on at least one side edge of the stack layer ( 46 ) is arranged such that a smallest side surface of the stacked body ( 32 ) or the individual stacked body ( 32 ) of the stack body row section or the stack body row to the outside, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one step in the creation of the stack is provided, in which a stack gripper ( 36 ) picks up a stackable block that can be grasped by it from an intermediate storage facility and places it on a pallet or a trolley, wherein the stacking block comprises at least two stacked rows of piles arranged one above the other and wherein the stacking piles with exclusively stacked stacking bodies (FIG. 32 ) by depositing at least two superimposed stacking body rows and the stack layer ( 46 ) with the rotated stacked bodies ( 32 ) or stack body row sections or stack body rows are produced in one or more single-layer stacking process steps. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that an axial offset is provided parallel to the rows between the individual stacked double layers when depositing mutually parallel, adjacent stacked rows of stacked stacked double layers. The method of claim 4 or claim 5, wherein the stacking block comprises at least two superimposed stacked body double rows of each horizontal parallel arrangement. Method according to one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the intermediate storage is a conveyor belt or a lifting table. Method according to Claim 2, in which the matrix arrangement is a 2 × 2 matrix arrangement or in which a stacking block (A, B, C, D) comprises two parallel rows of stacking bodies or in which the stacked bodies ( 32 ) or stacking rows ( I.1 . I.2 ) or stacking body row sections are arranged such that the gaps ( 48 ) in the parallel arranged stacking body rows ( II.1 . II.2 . III . IV ) are continued in the rotated arrangement. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the stacked bodies are masonry or building blocks or masonry or block moldings, or in which the headers are limestone moldings intended for transport to a hardening plant. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in the at least one stack layer at least one stacked body or a stacked body row or a stacked body row section to the other stacked bodies, Stapelkörperreihenabschnitten or stacking rows of this stacking layer is rotated in at least approximately orthogonal orientation.

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