DE102010009215A1 - Flow regulator for liquids with power supply via the flow - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a flow regulator for liquids with energy supply via the flow of this liquid, consisting of a feed line for the liquid and a turbine wheel which is rotatably mounted and through which the liquid can flow and which drives an electric generator that charges an energy store and a point of use for the liquid, wherein the forwarding of the liquid can be blocked by a shut-off valve which can be controlled electrically by control electronics, which evaluates at least one sensor and which can be adapted to different types of sensors and the characteristics of different types of point of use The shut-off valve and the control electronics and the sensor can be supplied with electrical energy from the energy store.

Description

The invention relates to a fluid flow regulator with power supply via the flow of this liquid, consisting of a supply line for the liquid and a turbine wheel which is rotatably mounted and which can be flowed through by the liquid and which drives an electric generator which charges an energy storage and a point of use for the liquid.

In the current state of the art, the consumption of liquids has become a daily occurrence for everyone. Probably the most common application example is the supply of water to sinks, toilets, showers, bathtubs, bidets and other elements in the sanitary area.

Another form of consumption of liquid is a radiator. Here, liquid is supplied from which only the heat contained in it is "consumed". The liquid itself is returned to the heater after cooling. In everyday language, it is also referred to as a "consumption" when taken from a dispenser for beverage liquids and drunk.

A consumption of water is also the watering of plants.

All these applications have in common that the supply of liquid to the point of consumption must be regulated. In the simplest case, it only has to be switched off and on. For this purpose, numerous variants of mechanical valves are known on the current state of the art, which are manually operated with a handwheel or with a lever. Also known are electrically switchable valves that are not only used in large-scale systems, but z. B. also in public toilets to open and close to the supply line of water for hand basins and urinals.

In particular, from these applications, it is known that mechanical shut-off valves may be contaminated, so that the user touched them only very reluctant. He can avoid this contact when a sensor z. B. detects the hands under the tap of a hand basin or another sensor detects that a person approaches a urinal zoom and then away again.

These electrical circuits have the disadvantage that not only a water pipe must be routed to the tapping point, but also an electrical line. Since the electric wire can come into contact with liquid, it is to be carried out with increased moisture resistance. An expense is also laying and connecting the power line.

This effort is still manageable in a new building compared to the total cost. For retrofitting a tapping point with an electrically operated shut-off valve, however, a considerable construction effort is required.

The published patent application describes state-of-the-art technology DE 101 44 602 , Lorenz a water wheel, which is flown by the liquid at the tapping point. On the shaft of this water wheel, an electric generator is arranged, which generates electrical energy when turning the water wheel, which is used here for illumination of the water jet.

However, this publication does not provide any indication as to how the liquid flow itself can be controlled.

Against this background, the invention has set itself the task of developing a means for removing liquids with a generator in the liquid stream, with which the energy generated from the electric generator can be used to control the liquid streams suitable for the particular application. In particular, a central functional unit is to be created that is universally applicable and adaptable for applications of the most diverse types and sizes.

As a solution, the invention teaches that the forwarding of the liquid can be blocked by a shut-off valve, which is electrically actuated by control electronics, which evaluates at least one sensor and which is adaptable to different types of sensors and the characteristics of different types of consumption points and the shut-off valve and the control electronics and the sensor of the energy storage are supplied with electrical energy.

The decisive feature of the invention is thus the connection of an electrically controllable shut-off valve with an adapted control electronics, which has a variability for the connection of different types of sensors. The control electronics monitor the power supply for at least one sensor. In addition, the ports for these sensors are present in hardware and additionally a preprogrammed selection of algorithms, one of which serves to adapt to the operating characteristic of the respective sensor used.

An additional equipment of the control electronics are various software blocks for the evaluation of the sensors in adaptation to the respective application.

For a mechanical switch, it makes sense that it is "debounced" in the control electronics. When the switch position is changed, each contact of a mechanical switch on the first contact with the contact surface recovers slightly and then immediately hits the contact surface a second time, followed by the next recoil but with a sharply decreasing amplitude. These vibrations must be suppressed by the control electronics and converted into a clear logic level, which clearly changes only once when changing the switch position.

Another algorithm is a switching threshold for a proximity initiator with an analog output signal, e.g. B. in response to the approach of a body part to the initiator.

If the electric shut-off valve has only the two states "locked" and "open", so in the simplest case, the evaluation of the sensor only two stages.

A multi-stage evaluation of the sensor is useful if the electric shut-off valve allows multiple switching states, such. B. "half closed".

Another variant may be the timing of the shut-off valve, ie the rapid change between "open" and "closed". Here, however, a possibly increased energy requirement must be taken into account.

Another possible variant, which can be programmed into hardware and software of the control electronics, is an analog evaluation of a sensor and an analog control of the shut-off valve. So z. B. at a relatively large distance of the hands from the sensor on the tap of a hand basin, the shut-off valve are only partially opened to keep the water pressure within limits and therefore trigger only a subset of the maximum possible water flow. Only when the hand is close to the sensor and thus the desire for maximum water pressure is documented, the shut-off valve opens completely.

When used in the sanitary sector, such. As hand basins, bidets and showers, where the pumped water has to get in touch immediately with a part of a person, flows on activation of a sensor and immediately and immediately liquid. The end of the flow is marked by the removal of the human body or its parts close to the sensor.

Another variant that can be selected by software is operation as a toilet flush or as an irrigation unit. Here, the control electronics must let through a pulse on a certain amount of fluid, d. H. the shut-off valve is switched off automatically after a certain time or after a certain amount measured by the control electronics.

Other variants are that two sensors act on a single shut-off valve or that the control electronics operates two shut-off valves, z. For hot and cold water.

Even in the simplest case of a control electronics according to the invention, the software and the hardware of the control electronics thus contain a plurality of subregions which can be variably adapted to different applications.

In addition, numerous other variants are interesting. It has already been mentioned that the control electronics also has an input for at least one further sensor, whose signals as well as the signals of the first sensor can be evaluated by the control electronics and allow the adaptation to the respective consumption point. In the simplest case, both sensors act to control only one shut-off valve.

Another variant is that the second sensor primarily controls a second shut-off valve and the software ensures a connection of both shut-off valves care.

An inventive flow regulator is applicable wherever a liquid flows in a conduit which ends at a point at which the liquid is to develop a certain effect. Interesting applications are in the sanitary area of living and working spaces, such as sinks, bidets or showers or other points of withdrawal for water.

In the sanitary area taps for bathtubs are often open until a certain capacity is reached. Another desired parameter may be compliance with a certain water temperature. Variants of this operating mode are the temperature as a primary setpoint, which is superimposed by a specific filling quantity. Another conceivable variant is the automatic control of the water temperature during its cooling during use of the bath by hot water is allowed to fall below a minimum temperature value.

Another characteristic requires the control of a radiator from a hot water heating system.

And again another characteristic is required for watering a plant or for a beverage donation.

Common to all applications is that a turbine wheel is arranged in the supply line. In an embodiment known for the turbine, the turbine wheel consists of an axle which is rotatably mounted and arranged on the radially outwardly facing guide vanes. Such a turbine is known on a very large scale as a Pelton turbine for hydroelectric power plants.

However, since the flow regulator according to the invention is usually used in fluid lines with much smaller diameters, it may be more advantageous that the bearing of the turbine wheel outside the supply line and the discharge line is arranged on a relatively large diameter through which the liquid flows.

In this case, the turbine wheel is a thin-walled hollow cylinder, which is rotatably mounted on its outer side and which is equipped on its inside with radially oriented guide vanes. These vanes may meet in the middle in a streamlined central body, e.g. B. a drop-shaped body which urges the liquid in the outer region of the pipe cross-section, but unlike previously known turbines does not contain a rotary bearing.

In a further advantageous variant, permanent magnets are mounted on the outside of such a turbine wheel, which take over the function of the rotor from the electric generator. For this purpose, stationary, electric coils are arranged at a very short distance from the permanent magnets. As the turbine wheel rotates, the permanent magnets move past the coils at a very close distance, causing their magnetic field to pass through the coils. As a result, an electrical current is induced in the coils, which can be tapped at the terminals of the coil.

For example, in sanitary applications, a sensor such as an ultrasonic sensor or an infrared sensor or a photoelectric sensor can detect the presence of a hand or other body region.

In sanitary applications, it is useful in another interesting embodiment that the control electronics by means of a multi-stage or analog sensor depending on the detected distance to a body part changes the pressure of the outflowing liquid.

Another very interesting additional function in the sanitary area is the non-contact control of the water temperature at consumption points, z. In public toilets. There it makes sense if the individual visitors do not have to touch the faucet directly and therefore do not contaminate it for their part.

Even if they accidentally hit the faucet anyway, the next user is not forced to touch the faucet to trigger a jet of water or to adjust the water temperature.

There are non-contact trigger taps, but in which the adjustment of the water temperature is only possible by touching and pivoting a lever. This is inconsistent because this selector lever for the temperature can in turn be a source of infection.

Therefore, the invention proposes that in sanitary applications, the control electronics according to the invention for temperature control evaluates the signals of a second sensor, which detects a space located outside the point of consumption. At a certain location within this space, a body part or an object is introduced, whereupon the control electronics according to the invention changes the temperature setpoint. The introduction of the body part in a first edge region may, for. B. increase the temperature and lower the introduction of the body part in a second edge region, the temperature.

The operation of such a non-contact temperature controller is greatly facilitated if an optical or acoustic display acknowledges the set temperature setpoint in each case. A very simple indicator is a series of light emitting diodes distributed throughout the setting space. When the highest temperature is activated, z. B. at a boundary of the adjustment space on a red LED. If, on the other hand, the lowest temperature is preselected, a blue LED lights up on the opposite edge of the setting room. The illumination of the LEDs may be the signal that the temperature adjustment has been activated. After a certain time, this display goes out automatically and thus indicates the readiness to perform a new temperature adjustment.

It conforms to the usual conventions when such a temperature adjustment is aligned parallel to the front of the person using the tap. Then it is recommended the Activation of the highest temperature left to arrange and enable the activation of the lowest temperature only on the right side.

In one alternative, only one switching function for "increase temperature" and another switching function for "decrease temperature" can be present.

It is also conceivable, however, that several switching functions are distributed over the "switching space" away, so that a certain temperature can be activated by introducing a body part or an object in this room as a setpoint.

The aforementioned temperature control will in most cases be done by mixing two liquids with mutually different temperatures. For this purpose, the flow control according to the invention requires a control for two separate shut-off valves.

It is a further interesting embodiment that the change of the setpoint for the temperature is possible even without a flow of the liquid. To this extent, this variant corresponds to the well-known "single-lever mixers" in that the angular position of the controlling lever is transmitted to a number of light-emitting diodes or a digital display of the temperature setpoint.

A further enhancement of the comfort of such a flow control is the evaluation of a first temperature sensor, which detects the temperature of the hot liquid supplied and the evaluation of a second temperature sensor, which detects the temperature of the mixture. With this second sensor, the control electronics is able to automatically readjust the preselected temperature.

A further increase of the comfort as well as a considerable saving of water is achieved with the activation of a circulation line as required: If the supply line for the warm water is so long that it cools considerably between the heat source and the consumption source, then the flow control according to the invention can no longer achieve a desired temperature setpoint when the liquid directly behind the hot water shut-off valve has cooled below the desired set point.

A water-saving additional function is a so-called "circulation line", which is activated only when the initially sufficiently heated water has cooled down behind the shut-off valve. If a start command for the tapping of water is given with a certain temperature setpoint, which is higher than the temperature of the water currently pending on the shut-off valve, then the control electronics according to the invention initially does not switch the supply line to the tapping point.

Upon actuation of the faucet according to the invention in this embodiment, therefore, no water flows out at the first moment. Instead, the supply line is connected by an electrically switchable changeover valve with a laxative circulation line. This circulation line brings the once hot, but now cooled water back to the heater until water arrives again with sufficiently high temperature in the supply line. Only then is switched by the control electronics, the changeover valve for the circulation line and released the shut-off valve for the outlet. Only now water flows to the point of consumption, but with exactly the desired temperature.

Various types are conceivable for the shut-off valves of a flow regulator according to the invention. In the simplest embodiment, the shut-off valve has only the two positions "open" and "closed". As soon as electrical energy is supplied, the shut-off valve opens. When no electrical voltage is applied, it is closed again by the force of a spring. This ensures that it will not accidentally open even if the energy fails. The disadvantage, however, is that energy is consumed continuously for the retention of the valve.

Therefore, the invention proposes alternatively shut-off valves that require only a current pulse to be adjusted in a certain position. Without energy supply, they remain in this position. An undesirable, too long opening of the valve in case of failure of the electrical energy supply can be avoided by the state of charge of the energy storage is monitored and when falling below a minimum level the shut-off valves are still closed with the "last remainder" of the energy.

Most types of turbine wheels are optimized for a given water pressure at a given flow rate. If this operating point is well below, z. B. by halving the flow rate, then the amount of energy generated by the turbine wheel is not only halved, but decreases to a much greater extent. This can lead to the extent that when removing small amounts of water at a slow speed, the turbine wheel can no longer generate sufficient amount of energy to maintain the operability of the flow controller according to the invention.

For these cases, the invention proposes, as a variant, that there is an intermediate container in which the liquid always flows in at nominal pressure and rated speed. For this, the access to the intermediate container must be controlled via a shut-off valve, which has only the positions "open" and "closed". From the intermediate container, the liquid can be let out through a second shut-off valve with different positions even in its much lower flow rate. This ensures that the turbine always works in its nominal range and therefore achieves optimum efficiency. When the intermediate container is filled, the first shut-off valve must close and only reopen when the intermediate container is almost empty.

Since the flow regulator according to the invention in principle relates its entire energy supply only from the flowing liquid, it may happen in the repeated removal of very small amounts of liquid that the energy content of the energy storage drops below a critical minimum limit.

Therefore, the invention proposes as an advantageous variant that the voltage of the energy storage is continuously monitored by the control electronics. When the voltage of the energy store drops below a certain minimum value, the control electronics automatically open the shut-off valve and keep it open until the electric generator has increased the voltage of the energy store to a certain minimum value or by a certain amount.

Of course, this functionality requires that the removal of a liquid quantity without risk and at relatively low cost is possible. In a hand basin that would be conceivable in principle. It makes sense, the control electronics should, however, by a signal such. B. a light-emitting diode or an acoustic message to alert them that they will soon open the faucet.

As mentioned, a flow control according to the invention can also be used for the flushing of a toilet. Then the first sensor of the control electronics is a contact on the cover of a toilet. The turbine wheel is installed in the liquid supply of the cistern. The shut-off valve is arranged in the outlet line of the liquid from the cistern.

If, in the use of the toilet, the lid is opened and then closed again, the closing of the cover for the shut-off valve is the command to open for a certain time or until a certain amount of liquid flows through it. The duration or amount should therefore be programmable.

Further refinement of this application automatically adjusts the amount of water used for flushing to the disposal task. This could be served by another sensor that detects the weight of the mass in the toilet bowl. As a sensor, a flexible plastic balloon could be used in the trough of the toilet, which controls a sensor via a weight on it via a pneumatic line. With increasing control of this sensor and thus increasing weight of the mass and the amount of liquid discharged from the cistern for flushing is increased.

A completely different application of a flow regulator according to the invention is a radiator. This is in principle a mostly metallic hollow body, which is flowed through by heated liquid. In this case, the amount of liquid flowing through the heat stored in it through the walls of the radiator through to the room to be heated.

In this case, an inventive flow controller is applicable as a temperature controller. A temperature sensor must detect the temperature of the room to be heated. Below an adjustable minimum temperature on the control electronics, the electric shut-off valve is opened, so that heated liquid flows through the radiator and heats the environment. As soon as the temperature sensor detects that the room temperature has risen to a second maximum value that can be set on the control electronics, the control electronics close the shut-off valve again.

It makes sense to set the externally adjustable temperature setpoint between these two extremes. The switching stroke determined by the distance between the minimum temperature and the maximum temperature is usually only to be selected when commissioning the flow controller, but not to be adjusted during operation.

Another useful additional function of a heating control is the possibility of a flat reduction of the temperature setpoint for certain times of the day, eg. As the so-called. Night reduction - or for certain days of the week, ie for predictable days off in offices. If the opening of windows or doors z. B. can be detected by a contact, which evaluates the control electronics of the flow controller according to the invention continuously, so heat loss during ventilation by switching off the heater can be reduced.

Another very interesting area of application of a flow regulator according to the invention is the control of the irrigation of at least one plant in the soil or in another substrate. For this purpose, the first sensor of the flow regulator must be a moisture sensor and the liquid be suitable for watering the plant, so may be provided with the appropriate nutrients and fertilizers.

The moisture sensor continuously measures the moisture in the soil or in the substrate. When falling below a preselected minimum value, the flow regulator opens the shut-off valve. If the moisture sensor responds quickly enough, it can stop hydration when it reaches its maximum humidity level.

However, if the time delay between the application of the liquid to the soil and the detection by the liquid sensor is very large, the control electronics should eject a certain amount of liquid preselected at start-up.

Thereafter, a break should be inserted for the evaluation of the liquid sensor in the cycle, which corresponds at least to the mean penetration time of the liquid to the liquid sensor.

Another, very interesting application of a flow regulator according to the invention is the automatic filling of any vessel that is to be filled with a liquid. For this embodiment, the invention proposes that at the end of the supply line a U-shaped end piece is arranged, which can be placed on the edge of the vessel. The first sensor is arranged on this U-shaped end piece so that it is activated by placing the end piece on the edge of the vessel. Then the control electronics opens the shut-off valve, so that the supply of liquid begins.

For timely closing of the shut-off valve, a second sensor must be attached to the aforementioned end piece, which detects that the level of the liquid has reached a certain distance from the edge of the vessel. When the second sensor passes this message on to the control electronics, it switches the shut-off valve back on.

This second sensor can, for. B. be an ultrasonic sensor. Another, quite simple embodiment are two electrodes that detect the conductivity of the liquid. Another variant is a fork light barrier. Even with clear liquids, vortexes and air bubbles form on the surface, which can be detected by this forked light barrier.

As a variant, further electrical consumers can be connected to the energy storage or to the control electronics such. As lighting fixtures and / or heaters and / or other electrical appliances. It goes without saying that the dimensioning of the electric generator and the liquid pressure required for its operation and the required amount of liquid must be adapted to the consumers.

In a further, very advantageous application of a flow regulator according to the invention, the turbine wheel and the shut-off valve are arranged in the outflow line of a central water reservoir of an irrigation system. The turbine wheel and the electric generator are dimensioned so large that in addition to the shut-off valve even more electrical consumers can be operated, such. As lighting fixtures or heaters for plants to be watered.

If the central water tank is emptied during the day, so it can be replenished at night with inexpensive downstream. Since the water reservoir is geometrically located higher than the areas to be irrigated, stored energy is available therein, which has been generated with relatively inexpensive night-time current. This energy can be accessed at any time of the day, even during the daytime hours during which the electrical energy from the grid is otherwise considerably more expensive.

Whenever watering is done, it also activates the electric generator and generates electrical energy. This energy can z. B. used for heating and lighting plants in greenhouses. And also on days in spring or autumn, when the weather is still very cloudy and / or the outside temperature is still quite low.

This configuration is particularly advantageous if, in addition to the flow regulator according to the invention, the irrigation is also switched from a distribution of the water by spraying or spraying at high pressure to a dropwise supply of the water with direct lines to the plants.

The decisive advantage of the flow regulator according to the invention is that then also the proportion of stored in the central water storage mechanical energy that has been previously "wasted" for the spraying of water, instead can be converted into otherwise usable again electrical energy. This will provide additional lighting or heating plants which, compared to the previous configuration, does not cause a significant overhead in operating costs.

In the following, further details and features of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an example. However, this is not intended to limit the invention, but only to explain. It shows in a schematic representation:

1 Cross section through a flow regulator in a faucet on a sink

In 1 is a "faucet" on the edge of a washbasin in cross section reproduced. In the right part of the column-like housing of the faucet can be seen, in which the supply line 1 is integrated. It can be seen how this supply line 1 down with a supply of the liquid 2 connected is. 1 shows very clearly how in the supply line 1 the liquid 2 to the shut-off valve 6 rises. In the embodiment shown here, it is a sealing washer which is pressed from a hard plate to an opening in the faucet. For electrical actuation of the shut-off valve 6 serves a control 61 , which is not shown in detail in FIG.

In 1 is good to see that the sealing plate of the shut-off valve 6 must be raised up to the passage for the liquid 2 release. From there, it then flows on through the approximately horizontal boom to the outlet of the illustrated faucet.

In the illustrated embodiment, there is an electric generator 4 on the turbine wheel 3 whose essential components are the permanent magnets 41 on the rotating part of the electric generator 4 and the coils 42 in the stationary part of the electric generator 4 are.

In the sectional view of the 1 It is good to see that the permanent magnets 41 are mounted on a sleeve, which in its interior the turbine wheel 3 houses. Since the front part of the cylindrical sleeve is removed graphically, behind the connecting surfaces of the four forward facing to the viewer blades 31 the turbine wheel clearly visible. These shovels 31 carry a streamlined displacement body in the center of the turbine wheel.

This streamlined body serves only to drive the flow of liquid to the outer portion of the vanes where the lever arm is sufficiently long with respect to the axis of rotation to generate torque. Deviating from conventional water turbines, however, the bearings of this turbine wheel are arranged outside on the sleeve, which contains the turbine wheel. The invention proposes plain bearings for this application because they are surrounded by the liquid flow.

In the illustrated embodiment, two annular plain bearings are provided, which in the sectional view of 1 are recognizable as cross-hatched rectangles. These plain bearings are both the bearing for the electric generator 4 on the outside as well as for the turbine wheel 3 on the inside of the two plain bearings.

In 1 It is easy to see how it is from the coil 42 the connection cable 43 is guided in a cavity through the approximately horizontal part of the faucet in the tower-like, vertical part.

There is the control electronics in a cavity 7 installed in the 1 is recognizable as an electronic board, which is diagrammatically cross-cut. With this electronic board 7 are also the two sensors 81 wired. In the illustrated embodiment, the first sensor 81 of two parts, namely a transmitter and a receiver: when the pulses or beams emitted by the transmitter come from a body below the outlet of the liquid 2 This signal can be reflected from the second part of the first sensor 81 whereupon the control electronics are received 7 the control 61 the shut-off valve 6 releases. In 1 is the cable 62 for electrical connection with the control 61 clearly visible on the top of the tap.

In 1 is in the cavity of the vertical part of the faucet of energy storage 9 built in, whose two poles with the control electronics 7 are connected, so from there the charge and the discharge of the energy storage 9 can be monitored.

In 1 an integrated assembly can be seen, consisting of the turbine wheel 3 in the sleeve with the outer bearings mounted thereon and the outside also on the outside of the sleeve placed around the turbine wheel permanent magnet 41 as well as the coils 42 as a stationary part of the electric generator 4 ,

In 1 is well recognizable as the the outer casing of the head from the faucet, which is also the holder of the coils 42 is screwed with a screw thread in the horizontal arm of the faucet. Also the gradual order of assembly is in 1 Well traceable: It starts with the outer housing, then follows the upper plain bearing of the coils, then the sleeve together with the inner turbine wheel, the outside fixed permanent magnet and the coils resting thereon and then the lower Plain bearing and finally the lower end ring, which fixes the bobbins in the outer housing and is also the support for the lower plain bearing.

Together with the surrounding housing, this creates an assembly that can also be used in completely different applications. Even the electronic board is applicable to other assemblies. Only the input for the sensors used in each case must be matched to the specifics of each application, for which on the electronic board retrievable software and selectable hardware is available.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Supply line for the liquid 2

2

Fluid drives on the way to the point of consumption 5 the turbine wheel 3

3

Turbine wheel, powered by liquid 2 , drives electric generator 4

31

Shovels of the turbine wheel 3

32

Bearing of the turbine wheel 3

4

Electric generator, loads energy storage 9 on

41

Permanent magnets, on the rotating part of the electric generator 4

42

Coils, in the stationary part of the electric generator 4

43

Connection cable of the coils 42

5

premise 5 for the liquid 2

6

Shut-off valve, regulates the flow of liquid 2

61

Actuation of the shut-off valve 6

62

Cable for control 61

7

Control electronics, controls shut-off valve 6

81

first sensor, of control electronics 7 evaluated

82

second sensor, of control electronics 7 evaluated

9

Energy storage, from electric generator 4 rechargeable

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 10144602 A [0009]

Claims (26)

Flow regulator for liquids 2 with energy supply via the flow of this liquid 2 consisting of - a supply line 1 for the liquid 2 and - a turbine wheel 3 , - which is rotatably mounted and - that of the liquid 2 can be flowed through and - the one electric generator 4 drives, which is an energy store 9 charging and - a point of consumption 5 for the liquid 2 , characterized in that - a forwarding of the liquid 2 from a shut-off valve 6 is lockable, - the electrical of a control electronics 7 is controllable, - the at least one sensor 81 evaluates, and - the different types of sensors and the characteristics of different types of consumption points 5 is customizable, and - shut-off valve 6 and control electronics 7 and sensor 81 from the energy store 9 can be supplied with electrical energy. Flow regulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the control electronics 7 at least one input for a second sensor 82 whose signals - from the control electronics 7 evaluable and - in adaptation to the respective consumption point 5 when controlling the shut-off valve 6 are considered. Flow regulator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the consumption point 5 - a sink or - a toilet flush - a shower or - a bathtub or - another sanitary object or - a radiator or - a heat sink or - another temperature control device or - a beverage dispenser or - another liquid dispenser or - a plant to be watered or - is another agricultural or forestry facility. Flow regulator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the turbine wheel 3 is a thin-walled hollow cylinder, - which is rotatably mounted on its outer side and - on its inside with radially oriented guide vanes 31 is equipped. Flow regulator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the outside of the turbine wheel 3 permanent magnets 41 are attached, - at very close distance to stationary electric coils 42 are arranged and - thereby upon rotation of the turbine wheel 3 give off an electric current. Flow regulator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in sanitary applications An ultrasonic sensor or An infrared sensor or - a photocell the presence of a hand or other body area detected. Flow regulator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in sanitary applications, the control electronics 7 by means of a multilevel or analog sensor 8th depending on the distance to the next perceived body part, the pressure of the outflowing liquid 2 changes. Flow regulator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in sanitary applications, the control electronics 7 the signals of a second sensor 82 detected for temperature control, wherein - the second sensor 82 one outside the point of consumption 5 detected and - the penetration of a body part and / or an object in a first edge region of the room increases the temperature and - the introduction into a second edge region of the room lowers the temperature. Flow regulator according to claim 8, characterized in that the temperature by mixing two liquids 2 is changed with each different temperatures. Flow regulator according to claim 8, characterized in that the change in the setpoint for the temperature without a flow of the liquid 2 is possible. Flow regulator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the desired value and / or the actual value for the temperature by a display, for. B. in stages or as a numerical value can be displayed. Flow regulator according to at least one of the preceding claims 8-11, characterized in that the control electronics 7 a second sensor 82 evaluates as a temperature sensor and regulates the temperature as a function of this measurement and the set temperature setpoint. Flow regulator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the supply line 1 for the warm liquid 2 from the control electronics 7 can be switched to a laxative circulation line and - at the start command for an inflow of liquid 2 to the point of consumption 5 a second sensor 82 detects the temperature in the supply line and - the control electronics 7 only when the temperature setpoint is reached the inlet to the point of consumption 5 is free and shuts off the circulation line. Flow regulator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shut-off valve 6 is adjustable in each case by a current pulse in a certain position and remains without energy supply in this position. Flow regulator according to claim 14, characterized in that the shut-off valve 6 only has the two positions "open" and "closed". Flow regulator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the liquid 2 a first shut-off valve 6 flows through, near the turbine wheel 3 is arranged and has only the positions "open" and "closed" and the liquid 2 from there flows into an intermediate container whose outlet can be closed by a second shut-off valve with several positions. Flow regulator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the voltage of the energy store 9 through the control electronics 7 is monitored and at a decrease in the voltage of the energy storage 2 below a certain minimum value the control electronics 7 the shut-off valve 6 opens and holds open until the electric generator 4 the voltage of the energy store 2 increased by a certain amount. Flow regulator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor 81 a contact on the cover of a toilet is from the control electronics 7 is detectable and the turbine wheel 3 in a supply line 1 the cistern is installed and the shut-off valve 6 in the outlet line of the liquid 2 is arranged from the cistern and after closing the cover of the toilet, the shut-off valve 6 is opened for a certain time or until it flows through a certain amount of liquid. Flow regulator according to claim 18, characterized in that by a further sensor 82 the weight of a lying in the toilet bowl mass is detected by the control electronics 7 can be evaluated and with increasing mass and the amount of discharged from the cistern for flushing amount of liquid 2 is increased. Flow regulator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at a consumption point 5 as a by liquid 2 heater to be heated or cooled, the sensor 81 a temperature sensor is and - below an adjustable minimum temperature, the shut-off valve 6 is openable and - remains open until an adjustable maximum temperature is reached, and - a temperature setpoint, which is located approximately in the middle between these two extremes, from the outside into the control electronics 7 is entered. Flow regulator according to claim 10, characterized in that the control electronics 7 the temperature setpoint depending on the time of day and / or the day of the week and / or the opening of windows and / or doors changed. Flow regulator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the point of consumption 5 at least one plant is in the ground or in another substrate and - the sensor 81 a moisture sensor is and the liquid 2 used to water the plant. Flow regulator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the point of consumption 5 a vessel that is with the liquid 2 is fillable and - the supply line 1 a U-shaped end piece, which is placed on the edge of the vessel and - the first sensor 81 is arranged on the U-shaped end piece and - when placing the tail on the edge of the vessel by the control electronics 7 the shut-off valve 6 openable and - the second sensor 82 is also located on the tail and - detects that the mirror of the liquid 2 has reached a certain distance to the edge of the vessel and - in this state, the shut-off valve 6 through the control electronics 7 is closable. Flow regulator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control electronics 7 is arranged on a board which is deformable to a hollow cylinder segment or to a polygonal hollow column. Flow regulator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy store 9 or to the control electronics 7 further electrical consumers can be connected and supplied, such. B. - Lighting fixtures and / or - Heaters and / or other electrical appliances. Flow regulator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the turbine wheel 3 and the shut-off valve 6 are arranged in the outflow of a central water storage of an irrigation system and the turbine wheel 3 and the electric generator 4 are sized so large that next to the shut-off valve 6 even more electrical loads are operable, such. As lighting fixtures or heaters for plants to be watered.

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