DE10200953A1 - Device for monitoring toxic carbon dioxide concentration in a vehicle air-conditioning unit comprises a gas sensor with a detecting element, and an evaluating electronic unit - Google Patents
Device for monitoring toxic carbon dioxide concentration in a vehicle air-conditioning unit comprises a gas sensor with a detecting element, and an evaluating electronic unitInfo
- Publication number
- DE10200953A1 DE10200953A1 DE10200953A DE10200953A DE10200953A1 DE 10200953 A1 DE10200953 A1 DE 10200953A1 DE 10200953 A DE10200953 A DE 10200953A DE 10200953 A DE10200953 A DE 10200953A DE 10200953 A1 DE10200953 A1 DE 10200953A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- carbon dioxide
- gas sensor
- dioxide concentration
- infrared gas
- detecting element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010019233 Headaches Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010028813 Nausea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010016256 fatigue Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 231100000869 headache Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008693 nausea Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010042772 syncope Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00735—Control systems or circuits characterised by their input, i.e. by the detection, measurement or calculation of particular conditions, e.g. signal treatment, dynamic models
- B60H1/008—Control systems or circuits characterised by their input, i.e. by the detection, measurement or calculation of particular conditions, e.g. signal treatment, dynamic models the input being air quality
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H3/00—Other air-treating devices
- B60H3/0085—Smell or pollution preventing arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
- G01N33/004—CO or CO2
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Kohlendioxid eignet sich sehr gut als Ersatz für Fluor-Chlor-Kohlenwasserstoffe (FCKW) in Klimaanlagen (1). Insbesondere in der Fahrzeugtechnik hat das Kohlendioxid aufgrund seiner thermodynamischen Eigenschaften zusätzliche technische Vorteile. Ein Nachteil ergibt sich allerdings bei Schadensereignissen (Unfall, Korrosion, . .), die zu einer Leckage in der Klimaanlage (1) führen können. Tritt das Kohlendioxid dann in den Fahrgastinnenraum (2) ein, so kann es bei einer Konzentration von > ca. 1 Vol.-% CO2 zu ersten Anzeichen einer Beeinflussung (z. B. Müdigkeit, Kopfschmerzen, Übelkeit, . . .) durch das Kohlendioxid kommen. Konzentrationen bis zu 0,5 Vol.-% Kohlendioxid kann ein gesunder Mensch bis zu 8 Stunden ohne größere Probleme ertragen. Aus diesem Grund wurde dieser Wert auch als maximale Arbeitsplatzkonzentration (MAK) definiert. Steigt die Kohlendioxidkonzentration an (1 Vol.-% bis 5 Vol.-%), so kann es zu weiteren Ausfällen (z. B. Ohnmacht) oder gar zum Tod führen. Carbon dioxide is very suitable as a replacement for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in air conditioning systems ( 1 ). In vehicle technology in particular, carbon dioxide has additional technical advantages due to its thermodynamic properties. A disadvantage arises, however, in the event of damage (accident, corrosion,...), Which can lead to a leak in the air conditioning system ( 1 ). If the carbon dioxide then enters the passenger compartment ( 2 ), at a concentration of> approx. 1 vol.% CO 2 it can be the first sign of an influence (e.g. fatigue, headache, nausea,...) the carbon dioxide coming. Concentrations of up to 0.5% by volume of carbon dioxide can be tolerated by a healthy person for up to 8 hours without major problems. For this reason, this value was also defined as the maximum workplace concentration (MAK). If the carbon dioxide concentration increases (1% by volume to 5% by volume), it can lead to further failures (e.g. fainting) or even death.
Wesentlicher Bestandteil einer kontinuierlichen, arbeitende Vorrichtung (14), die vor diesen gefährlichen Kohlendioxidkonzentrationen warnt, ist ein Gassensor (3, 4, 5), der diese Kohlendioxidkonzentration zuverlässig erfasst. A gas sensor ( 3 , 4 , 5 ), which reliably detects this carbon dioxide concentration, is an essential component of a continuous, working device ( 14 ) which warns of these dangerous carbon dioxide concentrations.
Gassensoren auf der Basis von Flüssigelektrolyten scheiden für eine Anwendung in der Fahrzeugtechnik aufgrund der Temperatureinsatzbereiche von -40°C bis 80°C aus. Nachteilig ist bei diesen Sensoren auch die Ansprechgeschwindigkeit, die im Minutenbereich liegt und somit keine reaktionsschnelle Aktionen auslösen kann. Festelektrolytsensoren sind nicht für den Konzentrationsbereich von 0 Vol.-% bis 5 Vol.-% CO2 geeignet und haben außerdem eine hohe Leistungsaufnahme und ein unerwünschtes Einlaufverhalten (Anwärmzeit, Alterung, . . .). Gas sensors based on liquid electrolytes are ruled out for use in vehicle technology due to the temperature range from -40 ° C to 80 ° C. A disadvantage of these sensors is also the response speed, which is in the range of minutes and therefore cannot trigger quick reactions. Solid electrolyte sensors are not suitable for the concentration range from 0 vol.% To 5 vol.% CO 2 and also have a high power consumption and an undesirable running-in behavior (warming-up time, aging,...).
Wärmeleitfähigkeitssensoren sind prinzipiell geeignet, haben jedoch grosse Querempfindlichkeiten zu Wasserdampf, die eine zuverlässige Kohlendioxiderfassung ausschließen. Thermal conductivity sensors are suitable in principle, but they have large ones Cross-sensitivities to water vapor, which ensures reliable carbon dioxide detection exclude.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist daher eine Vorrichtung (14) zu schaffen, die vor einer solchen gefährlichen (toxischen) Kohlendioxidkonzentration zuverlässig und eindeutig warnt und die Gefahr für die Fahrgäste durch eine schnell aktivierte Frischluftzufuhr (7) beseitigt. The object of the present invention is therefore to create a device ( 14 ) which warns of such a dangerous (toxic) carbon dioxide concentration reliably and unambiguously and eliminates the danger for the passengers by means of a quickly activated fresh air supply ( 7 ).
Die Lösung der erfindungsgemässen Aufgabe ergibt sich aus den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 in zusammenwirken mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen. The achievement of the object according to the invention results from the characterizing ones Features of claim 1 in cooperation with the features of Preamble. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the subclaims.
In Fig. 1 ist der gesamte Aufbau der Vorrichtung (14) in Verbindung mit der Klimaanlage (1) im Fahrzeug (12) dargestellt In Fig. 1, the entire structure of the device (14) is shown in connection with the air conditioner (1) in the vehicle (12)
Ein wesentlicher Vorteil nach Anspruch 1 besteht darin, das Infrarotgassensoren (3, 4, 15) eingesetzt werden, die extrem schnell auf Konzentrationsänderungen reagieren. Die Ansprechzeit wird dabei im wesentlichen durch die Ausspülzeit der Messküvette bestimmt. Miniaturisierte Infrarotgassensoren (siehe Umweltdiagnostik mit Mikrosystemen, Wiley-VCH Weinheim 1999, Kap. 3.6: v. G. Wiegleb, Miniaturisierte Infrarot- und Wärmeleitfähigkeitssensoren) haben eine sehr kleine Messküvette von wenigen 100 µL, so das dieser Sensortyp besonders geeignet ist. Erfolgt der Gasaustausch lediglich durch Diffusion, so ergeben sich Ansprechzeiten im Bereich von 10 Sekunden bis zu einer Minute. Installiert man den Sensor jedoch in einem Luftstrom (9, 10), so wird die Ansprechzeit deutlich reduziert. Durch eine Anordnung des Infrarotgassensors (3) in den Strömungsbereich der Zuluft (9) beträgt der Gasaustausch dann nur wenige Sekunden, so dass sehr schnell auf zu hohe und damit toxische Kohlendioxidkonzentrationen reagiert werden kann. Dies ist auch der Fall, wenn der Aktor (8) in der Klimaanlage (1) auf Umluft (10) geschaltet hat. Insbesondere in dieser Situation, in Verbindung mit einer Leckage, steigt die Kohlendioxidkonzentration dann sehr schnell an. Da der Einbauort in beiden Fällen identisch sein kann wenn der Einbauort in der Zuluft (9) angeordnet ist, wird auch dieser Fall schnell und zuverlässig detektiert. Für eine erhöhte Sicherheit oder zur Redundanz können auch 2 Infrarotgassensoren (3, 4) im Strömungsbereich der Zuluft (9) und der Umluft (10) installiert werden. Ein dritter Infrarotgassensor (5) könnte dann auch zusätzlich im hinteren Teil des Fahrgastinnenraumes angeordnet werden um alle relevanten Bereich zu erfassen. Da die Infrarotgassensoren (3, 4, 5) mit einer entsprechenden Auswerteelektronik (11) verbunden sind, kann bei Überschreitung eines vorgegebenen Grenzwertes (z. B. 1,5 Vol.-% Kohlendioxid) sofort durch ein Steuersignal (6) der Aktor (8) auf Frischluftzufuhr (7) bei maximaler Leistung des Lüfters (13) umgeschaltet werden. Diese schnelle Reaktion gewährleistet dann eine in jedem Fall sicher Situation für die Fahrgäste. A major advantage according to claim 1 is that infrared gas sensors ( 3 , 4 , 15 ) are used which react extremely quickly to changes in concentration. The response time is essentially determined by the rinsing time of the measuring cell. Miniaturized infrared gas sensors (see environmental diagnostics with microsystems, Wiley-VCH Weinheim 1999, chapter 3.6: v. G. Wiegleb, miniaturized infrared and thermal conductivity sensors) have a very small measuring cell of a few 100 µL, making this type of sensor particularly suitable. If the gas exchange takes place only by diffusion, response times in the range from 10 seconds to one minute result. However, if the sensor is installed in an air stream ( 9 , 10 ), the response time is significantly reduced. By arranging the infrared gas sensor ( 3 ) in the flow area of the supply air ( 9 ), the gas exchange is then only a few seconds, so that it is possible to react very quickly to excessively high and therefore toxic carbon dioxide concentrations. This is also the case if the actuator ( 8 ) in the air conditioning system ( 1 ) has switched to circulating air ( 10 ). Especially in this situation, in connection with a leak, the carbon dioxide concentration then increases very quickly. Since the installation location can be identical in both cases if the installation location is arranged in the supply air ( 9 ), this case is also detected quickly and reliably. For increased security or for redundancy, 2 infrared gas sensors ( 3 , 4 ) can also be installed in the flow area of the supply air ( 9 ) and the recirculating air ( 10 ). A third infrared gas sensor ( 5 ) could then also be arranged in the rear part of the passenger compartment in order to detect all relevant areas. Since the infrared gas sensors (3, 4, 5) are connected to a respective transmitter (11) when exceeding a predetermined limit value can (for. Example, 1.5 vol .-% carbon dioxide) at once by a control signal (6) of the actuator ( 8 ) can be switched to fresh air supply ( 7 ) at maximum fan power ( 13 ). This quick reaction then ensures a safe situation for the passengers in any case.
Weitere Vorteile der Infrarotgassensorik liegen auch in der schnellen Betriebsbereitschaft, die nach wenigen Sekunden nach dem Einschalten (Motorstart) erreicht ist und der extrem guten Langzeitstabilität über mehrere Jahre im Dauerbetrieb. Other advantages of infrared gas sensors are the fast Ready for operation, which is reached a few seconds after switching on (engine start) and the extremely good long-term stability over several years in continuous operation.
Die Kennlinie von Infrarotgassensoren ist außerdem monoton fallend, das heißt bei
einer stetig ansteigenden Kohlendioxidkonzentration entsteht nach dem Lambert
Beerschen Gesetz eine exponentielle Kennlinie.
I(c) = I0e- α cL
I(c) = Intensität bei einer Gaskonzentration c
I0 = Intensität bei c = 0
c = Gaskonzentration
α = Absorptionskoeffizient
L = Abstand (optischer Weg in der Messküvette) zwischen der Strahlungsquelle und
dem Empfangsdetektor
The characteristic curve of infrared gas sensors is also monotonically falling, which means that a steadily increasing carbon dioxide concentration creates an exponential characteristic curve according to the Lambert Beers law.
I (c) = I 0 e - α cL
I (c) = intensity at a gas concentration c
I 0 = intensity at c = 0
c = gas concentration
α = absorption coefficient
L = distance (optical path in the measuring cell) between the radiation source and the reception detector
In Fig. 2 ist die Sensorkennlinie im gesamten Konzentrationsbereich von 0,0 Vol.-% bis 5,0 Vol.-% dargestellt. In FIG. 2, the sensor characteristic in the entire concentration range of 0.0 vol .-% is shown to 5.0 vol .-%.
Die Küvettenlänge L kann dabei so angepasst werden, das die Empfindlichkeit in dem kritischen Arbeitsbereich zwischen 1,0 Vol.-% und 3,0 Vol.-% nahezu linear verläuft, während in den größeren Konzentrationsbereichen, nach der Grenzwertüberschreitung (Sättigungsbereich) zwar auch noch eine Signaländerung zu verzeichnen ist, die aber dann in die "Sättigung" übergeht und somit immer einen Wert oberhalb des Grenzwertes anzeigt. The cuvette length L can be adjusted so that the sensitivity in the critical working range between 1.0 vol.% and 3.0 vol.% almost linear runs, while in the larger concentration ranges, after the Limit violation (saturation range) also a signal change is recorded, but which then goes into "saturation" and thus always one Value above the limit value.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10200953A DE10200953B4 (en) | 2002-01-12 | 2002-01-12 | Device for controlling the supply of fresh air in vehicles |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10200953A DE10200953B4 (en) | 2002-01-12 | 2002-01-12 | Device for controlling the supply of fresh air in vehicles |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE10200953A1 true DE10200953A1 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
| DE10200953B4 DE10200953B4 (en) | 2007-08-02 |
Family
ID=7711979
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10200953A Expired - Fee Related DE10200953B4 (en) | 2002-01-12 | 2002-01-12 | Device for controlling the supply of fresh air in vehicles |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE10200953B4 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007016696A1 (en) * | 2007-04-04 | 2008-10-09 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Carbon-dioxide concentration limiting method for use in motor vehicle, involves determining actual value of carbon-dioxide concentration based on static and dynamic measured variables, and comparing actual valve with preset desired value |
| US20080268761A1 (en) * | 2007-04-27 | 2008-10-30 | Toyota Boshoku Kabushiki Kaisha | Condition monitoring apparatus for vehicle passenger compartment |
| CN102336129A (en) * | 2010-07-14 | 2012-02-01 | 热之王公司 | Demand-based fresh air control system |
| DE102014205552A1 (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2015-10-01 | MAHLE Behr GmbH & Co. KG | Device for detecting a leakage of a motor vehicle air conditioning system operated with carbon dioxide as a refrigerant |
| FR3046845A1 (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2017-07-21 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MEASURING AIR QUALITY IN THE CABIN OF A MOTOR VEHICLE |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103344743A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-10-09 | 无锡伊佩克科技有限公司 | Detecting device of air in vehicle |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3907049A1 (en) * | 1989-03-04 | 1990-09-13 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | VEHICLE WITH A SECURITY SYSTEM |
| DE19607637A1 (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1997-09-04 | Kuehl Entwicklung Und Geraeteb | Method to maintain healthy air conditions in motor vehicle passenger compartment |
| DE19850914A1 (en) * | 1998-11-05 | 2000-05-18 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | Air conditioning system for motor vehicle has flap for interrupting air flow into interior of vehicle in ventilation system downstream of heat exchanger and controlled by CO2 sensor |
-
2002
- 2002-01-12 DE DE10200953A patent/DE10200953B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007016696A1 (en) * | 2007-04-04 | 2008-10-09 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Carbon-dioxide concentration limiting method for use in motor vehicle, involves determining actual value of carbon-dioxide concentration based on static and dynamic measured variables, and comparing actual valve with preset desired value |
| US20080268761A1 (en) * | 2007-04-27 | 2008-10-30 | Toyota Boshoku Kabushiki Kaisha | Condition monitoring apparatus for vehicle passenger compartment |
| CN102336129A (en) * | 2010-07-14 | 2012-02-01 | 热之王公司 | Demand-based fresh air control system |
| DE102014205552A1 (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2015-10-01 | MAHLE Behr GmbH & Co. KG | Device for detecting a leakage of a motor vehicle air conditioning system operated with carbon dioxide as a refrigerant |
| FR3046845A1 (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2017-07-21 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MEASURING AIR QUALITY IN THE CABIN OF A MOTOR VEHICLE |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10200953B4 (en) | 2007-08-02 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| OP8 | Request for examination as to paragraph 44 patent law | ||
| 8364 | No opposition during term of opposition | ||
| R119 | Application deemed withdrawn, or ip right lapsed, due to non-payment of renewal fee | ||
| R119 | Application deemed withdrawn, or ip right lapsed, due to non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20140801 |