DE102009052264A1 - Solar module e.g. photovoltaic module, fastening device for e.g. commercial hall-style building, has retaining element arranged away from body, where retaining element is made of material different from material of body and fixed in body - Google Patents

Abstract

The device (10) has a base surface (18) supporting a main body (16) at a laminar support element i.e. flat roof. The main body is made of lightweight material e.g. foam material, mineral wool, polystyrene and elastomer. A retaining element (22) is arranged away from the main body, and holds a solar module e.g. photovoltaic module, where the retaining element is made of a material different from the material of the main body and fixed in the main body. The main body exhibits tapered shape and includes a central recess.

Description

Background of the invention

The invention relates to a device for fastening a solar module to a flat support element, in particular a flat roof.

Flat roofs, in particular of commercial indoor buildings, are basically suitable for the installation of solar modules due to their size. These may include modules for photovoltaic systems, solar thermal systems, or other solar energy converting facilities. With regard to the installation of solar modules, flat roofs offer the advantage that the solar modules can be freely aligned and inclined thereon in any desired direction. However, flat roofs are increasingly covered with pressure-sensitive and sensitive plastic roofing membranes or similar material such as bitumen board.

Usually, only a so-called "floating" assembly of solar modules in the heavy load method is possible on this type of roof, that is, the elevated solar panels can not be mechanically connected to the roof surface, since the required penetrations of the plastic roofing membranes to the underlying roof structure are permanently very difficult to seal and have a high risk potential with regard to ingress of water and associated construction or inventory damage. At the same time, this risk reduces the level of acceptance among the clients and increases the liability risks of plant engineers and installers of solar systems.

In the so-called heavy-duty method, concrete bases have hitherto been placed on the flat roof without further attachment, and a mounting frame for solar elements with screw anchors has been attached to them. In order to be able to withstand a maximum expected wind or suction load, the concrete base must have as a guideline a mass of about 100 kg / m ^{2 of} solar element area. Thus, the assembly in heavy-load process is very complex, associated with a high cost and makes high demands on the static load capacity of the flat roofs. Often it is even necessary to additionally attach a rubber mat on the flat roof for distributing loads and for protecting the roof skin.

The problem here is especially that many flat roofs in the stock are not sufficiently dimensioned to accommodate sufficient additional loads can. Other commercially available, less heavy substructures are disproportionately expensive and therefore unprofitable in many cases.

Underlying task

It is an object of the invention to solve the above-mentioned problems and, in particular, to provide an inexpensive, but at the same time relatively easy, fastening device for solar modules.

Inventive solution

The aforementioned object is achieved with a fastening device for fastening a solar module to a flat support element, in particular a flat roof. The fastening device according to the invention comprises: a main body having a base surface for supporting the main body on the support member and containing a lightweight material consisting of at least one of the group consisting of foam material, mineral wool, polystyrene, elastomers and cardboard, and at least one of the main body projecting holding element for holding the solar module, wherein the holding element is at least partially made of a material which differs from the material of the main body and is anchored in the main body.

The base can have any shape. It can be connected, but it does not have to be connected. For example, the base can also be formed by two separate sections. Preferably, the base is flat, so that the main body can be positively connected to the surface of a flat roof. As already mentioned above, the main body comprises foam material, mineral wool, polystyrene, elastomers and / or cardboard. In this case, the main body may be made entirely or only partially of one of these materials. These materials have a low mass density and are therefore referred to as lightweight materials.

The use of the main body according to the invention allows the execution of the fastening device with a very low weight. At the same time, the production of the fastening device according to the invention is relatively inexpensive and therefore inexpensive. The materials suitable for the main body are chosen such that the main body has sufficient strength, in particular tensile strength, for the intended application. The fastening device according to the invention can manage with a weight of less than 5 kg per square meter roof area. Assuming a maximum weight of 25 kg / m ² for the solar modules, so the invention allows the installation of solar modules with a total weight requirement of only 30 kg / m ² .

The holding elements can be made, for example, at least partially made of metal or a suitable plastic and poured into the main body.

The configuration of the main body according to the invention also makes it possible to fix the fastening device without penetrating the roof skin on a building roof. The attachment can be done by gluing the main body with the roof skin. Thus, the effort to seal the roof at the attachment points, and sealing problems can be avoided.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the main body is made to a predominant volume fraction of the lightweight material. Thus, the weight of the fastening device can be minimized to a great extent. In particular, it is advantageous if the main body consists exclusively or substantially exclusively of the lightweight material. According to further embodiments, the main body may comprise a combination of individual materials of the group comprising foam material, mineral wool, polystyrene, elastomers and cardboard, wherein a predominant volume fraction of the main body consists of the combination.

In a further embodiment according to the invention at least two holding elements are anchored at different locations in the main body, wherein the extension of the main body is different from each other transversely to the base at the two different locations. Thus, the two holding elements are arranged at different heights with respect to the base. According to a variant, the extent of the main body transverse to the base at the two different locations is at least 10%, preferably at least 50%, in absolute dimensions preferably at least 10 cm, preferably at least 15 cm, different.

In another embodiment of the invention, the main body has a tapered shape. In other words, the main body has two surfaces which converge towards one another, preferably the base surface and a solar module side surface opposite the base surface converge toward one another.

In a further embodiment according to the invention, the main body has a wedge-shaped basic shape. As wedge stump in this context, a wedge is called, in which the tip is missing. The basic shape of a body in this context refers in particular to a shape of the body which is defined by a virtual external tension of the body. The actual shape of the body may vary from the basic form of z. B. differ due to recesses. Preferably, the wedge-shaped basic shape is designed such that the truncated end face of the wedge stump has an extension of at least 10 cm transverse to the base surface. According to variants of the invention, the wedge angle is between 5 ° and 60 °, preferably between 10 ° and 40 °, and is in particular about 25 °.

In a further embodiment according to the invention, the main body is integrally formed. This increases the stability of the main body and reduces its manufacturing cost.

In a further embodiment according to the invention, the main body has a central recess on the side opposite the base surface. This recess allows ventilation of the solar modules. This prevents overheating of the solar modules. According to a variant, the central recess extends in sections down to the plane of the base area. In this case, the recess may be designed such that the main body has two sections, which are held together by a narrow compared to the sections connecting portion. The sections are preferably designed in a wedge-shaped manner.

In a further embodiment according to the invention, the side surfaces of the wedge-shaped basic shape are curved outwardly. In projection onto the base, the curvature preferably runs along a circle segment.

In a further embodiment according to the invention, the at least one retaining element has an anchoring pin embedded in the main body and a retaining head projecting from the main body for mounting a retaining rail for the solar module. The anchoring pin is thus at least partially surrounded by the material of the main body. This can be accomplished by manufacturing technology by the anchoring pin is already introduced during the production of the main body, possibly when foaming the main body material in this.

In a further embodiment according to the invention, the retaining rail bridges a plurality of adjacently arranged fastening devices. The retaining rail may be made of metal, for example.

In a further embodiment according to the invention, the main body is surrounded by a protective layer, which is preferably moisture-repellent. The protective layer in this case seals the surface of the main body and Prevents moisture from entering the material of the main body. Furthermore or alternatively, the protective layer can be configured to be UV-radiation-repellent, so that it offers protection against UV radiation. According to various variants of the invention, the protective layer can be formed by: welding the main body in film, dipping the main body in rubber, elastomers and polystyrenes, coating the main body with epoxy resins, welding the main body in natural or synthetic rubber and / or painting the main body.

Furthermore, an arrangement is provided according to the invention, which comprises a fastening device according to one of the embodiments described above and a flat support member. Here, the base of the main body is glued to the flat support element. As adhesives, it is possible to use physically setting adhesives, chemically hardening adhesives and / or adhesives without a hardening mechanism. Thus, the solar modules can be mounted without penetrating the roof skin on the roof of a building, whereby the sealing problems described above can be avoided.

The aforementioned object is further achieved according to the invention with an arrangement which has a solar module and a fastening body for fastening the solar module to a flat support element, in particular a flat roof. In this case, the fastening body includes a lightweight material, which consists of at least one element of the group consisting of foam material, mineral wool, elastomers and cardboard. The fixing body further has a base surface for supporting the main body on the support member and a fixing surface, and the solar module is fixed to the fixing surface.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the solar module is attached thereto by gluing the fastening body to the fastening surface.

The use of said lightweight construction material for fixing a solar module allows an unobtrusive attachment of solar modules, as already explained above. All the features previously described with respect to the main body or the main body comprising the main body according to the invention can also be applied to the fastening body of the last-mentioned arrangement according to the invention.

In a further embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention, the solar module is glued to the mounting surface of the main body. This allows a particularly inexpensive and thus fast and cost-effective installation of the solar modules.

Brief description of the drawings

The foregoing and other advantageous features of the invention are illustrated in the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments according to the invention with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings. It shows:

1 a perspective view of a first embodiment of a fastening device according to the invention for attaching a solar module to a flat support member;

2 a perspective view of an arrangement of two fastening devices according to 1 with mounting rails for solar modules mounted thereon;

3 the arrangement according to 2 in plan view;

4 a sectional view through the arrangement according to 3 along the line IV-IV together with a solar module and a flat support member in a schematic representation;

5 a detailed view of the illustration according to 4 in the region of a retaining element anchored in a main body of the fastening device;

6 a perspective view of another embodiment of the fastening device according to the invention;

7 a perspective view of another embodiment of the fastening device according to the invention;

8th a perspective view of another embodiment of the fastening device according to the invention;

9 a side view of the fastening device according to 1 or one of the 6 to 8th ;

10 a side view of another embodiment of the fastening device according to the invention;

11 a side view of another embodiment of the fastening device according to the invention;

12 a side view of an arrangement of two inventive fastening devices according to another embodiment; such as

13 a side view of a further inventive arrangement with a solar module, which is fixed by means of a fastening body to a flat support member.

Detailed description of inventive embodiments

In the embodiments described below, functionally or structurally similar elements are as far as possible provided with the same or similar reference numerals. Therefore, for the understanding of the features of the individual elements of a particular embodiment, reference should be made to the description of other embodiments or the general description of the invention.

1 shows a first inventive embodiment of a fastening device 10 for fixing a solar module to a flat support element. Such a solar module is in 4 shown schematically and there by the reference numeral 12 designated. The solar module 12 can be designed as a photovoltaic module, as a solar thermal module or as a different kind of solar energy converting module. In the case of photovoltaic modules, film modules, thin-film modules, monocrystalline modules and polycrystalline modules are suitable. reference numeral 14 designated in 4 a flat support element on which the solar module 12 by means of the fastening device 10 is attached. As a flat support element 14 For example, flat roofs, such as flat roofs of commercial halls and factory buildings in question. Alternatively, however, an inclined roof or any other suitable or unsuitable surface can serve as a flat support element.

In the 1 illustrated fastening device 10 has a main body 16 which is also referred to as a fastening body in the context of this application. The main body 16 includes in the in 1 illustrated embodiment, two wedge-shaped side sections 16a and 16b and a cuboid connecting portion connecting the side portions 16c , The main body 16 as a whole thus has a central recess 20 on which is in the front and behind the connecting section 16c lying areas up to the level of the base area 18 extends. The main body 16 is made in one piece in the present variant and consists of either foam material, mineral wool, polystyrene, elastomers and / or cardboard. The enumerated materials all have a low mass density. For the production of the main body 16 For example, the materials are used in embodiments having sufficient tensile strength for the intended application.

When manufacturing the main body 16 made of foam material is the use of foam glass and / or polyurethane foam in question. Polyurethanes can be used one or two-component. When executed with mineral wool, colloquially also Kamelit- or Kamilitwolle called, for example, glass wool and / or rock wool can be used. Polystyrene is often referred to as polystyrene and is a transparent, amorphous or semi-crystalline thermoplastic. As elastomers are dimensionally stable, but elastically deformable plastics whose glass transition point is below room temperature, called.

Due to the wedge-shaped side sections 16a and 16b points the main body 16 according to 1 an overall rejuvenating shape. The main body 16 thus has surface pairs, namely top or bottom of the side sections 16a and 16b to run towards each other. Overall, may also be of a wedge-shaped basic shape of the main body 16 to be spoken. As a truncated wedge in this application, a wedge is understood in which the tip is missing, as in the side sections 16a and 16b the case is.

The main body 16 has a base on its underside 18 auf, which in the embodiment according to 1 is formed substantially H-shaped. For mounting the fastening device 10 on the flat support element 14 becomes the base area 18 on the flat support element 14 glued. This is done with a on the material of the support element 14 matched adhesive. For the material of the support element 14 All the materials that are typical for the outer skin of a roof, such as bitumen, stone, clay, PVC and polymers are suitable. As adhesives, physically setting adhesives, chemically curing adhesives, in particular cyanoacrylate adhesives, and adhesives without solidification mechanism can be used.

In a preferred embodiment, the main body is 16 surrounded with a protective layer, in particular a moisture-repellent and / or UV-radiation-repellent layer. The protective layer may, for. B. are formed by a film or a coating. So can the main body 16 as in a film, in particular made of natural rubber or synthetic rubber (EPDM) are welded. Furthermore, the protective layer may be formed by dipping the main body 16 be applied in rubber, elastomers or polystyrenes. In Further embodiments, the main body 16 coated with epoxy resins or painted with a paint.

How out 1 can be seen, the fastening device 10 still from the main body 16 upwardly projecting holding elements 22 on. The holding elements 22 are made of a material that differs from the material of the main body 16 different. In the present variant, the retaining elements 22 made of metal, but can also consist of a suitable plastic. The holding elements 22 stand from the main body 16 on the base 18 opposite solar module side surface 21 of the main body 16 from.

In each case two holding elements 22 on each of the two wedge-shaped side sections 16a and 16b attached in different places. These locations are chosen such that the extent of the respective side section 16a and 16b is different from each other across the base at the two different locations. In other words, the retaining elements 22 attached at locations of different thickness of the wedge-shaped body. In the present case, the holding elements 22 at the respective end portions of the wedge-shaped side sections 16 anchored.

The holding elements 22 serve the mounting of retaining rails 24 for the solar module 12 , 2 shows by way of example two juxtaposed fastening devices according to 1 , connected by at the holding elements 22 mounted retaining rails 24 , 3 shows the arrangement according to 2 in top view, while 4 a sectional view through the arrangement according to 3 along the line IV-IV shows. The cut runs through the side section 16a one of the fastening devices 10 in the direction of the wedge. As already mentioned above, shows 4 for illustrative purposes, in addition to the fastening device 10 mounted solar module 12 and a flat support element 14 pointing to the main body 16 the fastening device 10 is glued on.

5 illustrates the detail V of the illustration according to 4 in the area of one of the retaining elements 22 , As can be seen, the retaining element comprises 22 an anchoring pin 22a and a holding head 22b , The anchoring pin 22a is in the main body 16 embedded. This can be done by pouring or lapping the anchoring pin 22a during the production of the main body 16 happen. The anchoring pin 22a may have a cylindrical shape, as in the variant according to FIG 5 shown. In a further variant, the anchoring pin 22a Also frustoconical with a in the main body 16 anchored end towards expanding cross-sectional area be formed. This increases the strength of the anchoring of the anchoring pin 22a in the main body 16 ,

The holding head 22b has one for inclusion in the retaining rail 24 tuned shape. The solar modules 12 be to the in the 2 and 3 attached holding rails attached. The wedge angle α of the wedge-shaped basic shape of the main body 16 in the embodiment according to 1 as well as the embodiments described below is between 5 ° and 60 °, preferably between 10 ° and 40 °, more preferably at about 25 °. The truncated end face of the wedge-shaped basic shape has a height h, ie an extension transverse to the base surface 18 , from at least 10 cm up.

The 6 to 8th show further embodiments of the fastening device according to the invention 10 with different variants of the main body 16 , In the embodiment according to 6 is the main body 16 as a truncated wedge without central recess 20 , as in 1 executed. In the embodiment according to 7 is again one of the rear ventilation of the solar modules 12 serving recess 20 provided, this recess is not up to the base 16 extending from the main body. The base area 18 is thus rectangular in this embodiment. The main body 16 according to 7 can thus also in wedge-shaped side sections 16a and 16b split, which by a plate-shaped connecting portion 16c are connected. In the embodiment according to 8th the main body is different 16 from that 7 only by the fact that the side surfaces 25a and 25b the side sections 16a and 16b are curved in a circle segment outward.

9 shows a side view of the fastening device 10 according to the embodiment 1 or one of the embodiments of the 6 to 8th , The line of sight of 9 is exemplary in 8th illustrated with IX. In the 9 illustrated side surface 25a of the main body 16 is trapezoidal.

10 is a side view analogous to 9 for a further group of embodiments of the fastening device according to the invention 10 , This group has one of the 1 such as 6 to 8th shown basic shapes of the main body 16 on, but with the difference that in the main body 16 in addition a transverse recess 26 is provided. This transverse recess 26 runs in contrast to the previously described recess 20 transverse to the wedge direction and on the one hand allows improved ventilation of the solar modules and on the other hand, a saving of main body material.

11 shows a further embodiment of a fastening device according to the invention 10 in side view. In this embodiment, the main body 16 on average "L" -shaped. This indicates the main body 16 a vertical section 16-1 as well as a horizontal section 16-2 on. The anchoring pins 22a the holding elements 22 are vertical in the main body 16 anchored. For tilting the solar module 12 are the holding heads 22b opposite the anchoring pins 22a angled.

12 shows an arrangement of two inventive fastening devices 10-1 such as 10-2 according to a further embodiment of the invention. According to this embodiment, the respective main bodies 16 formed columnar and each have one or more holding elements 22 with angled holding head 22b on. In the case of several holding elements, all holding elements are at the same height with respect to the base 18 arranged. For attaching a solar module 12 become at least two fastening devices according to this embodiment 10-1 such as 10-2 different height at a suitable distance from each other on the flat support element 14 glued, leaving the solar panel 12 can be fixed in a suitable angle.

13 illustrates another group of embodiments in which the fastening devices 10 according to the 1 such as 6 to 8th without holding elements 22 provided. In this case, the solar modules are directly on the solar module side surface 21 of the main body 16 , which is also referred to as a mounting surface in the context of this application, glued. 13 shows such an inventive arrangement of the main body 16 and one on the solar module side surface 21 glued solar module.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

fastening device

10-1

fastening device

10-2

fastening device

12

solar module

14

flat support element

16

main body

16a, 16b

wedge-shaped side section

16c

connecting portion

16-1

vertical section

16-2

horizontal section

18

Floor space

19

truncated face

20

central recess

21

Solar module side surface

22

retaining element

22a

anchoring pin

22b

holding head

24

retaining rail

25a, 25b

side surface

26

transverse recess

Claims (12)

Fastening device ( 10 ) for fixing a solar module ( 12 ) on a flat support element ( 14 ), in particular a flat roof, comprising: - a main body ( 16 ), one of the storage of the main body ( 16 ) on the support element ( 14 ) serving area ( 18 ) and includes a lightweight material which consists of at least one element of the group consisting of foam material, mineral wool, polystyrene, elastomers and cardboard, and - at least one of the main body ( 16 ) projecting holding element ( 22 ) for holding the solar module ( 12 ), wherein the retaining element ( 22 ) at least in sections from a material of the main body ( 16 ) and in the main body ( 16 ) is anchored. Fastening device according to claim 1, wherein the main body ( 16 ) made to a predominant volume fraction of the lightweight construction material. Fastening device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least two retaining elements ( 22 ) at different locations in the main body ( 16 ), the extension of the main body ( 16 ) across the base ( 18 ) is different from each other at the two different locations. Fastening device according to one of the preceding claims, in which the main body ( 16 ) has a tapered shape. Fastening device according to one of the preceding claims, in which the main body ( 16 ) has a wedge-shaped basic shape. Fastening device according to one of the preceding claims, in which the main body ( 16 ) at the base ( 18 ) opposite side a central recess ( 20 ) having. Fastening device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one retaining element ( 22 ) one in the main body ( 16 ) embedded anchoring pin ( 22a ) as well as one from the main body ( 16 ) projecting holding head ( 22b ) for mounting a retaining rail ( 24 ) for the solar module ( 12 ) having. Fastening device ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the main body ( 16 ) is surrounded by a protective layer. Arrangement with a fastening device ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims and a flat support element ( 14 ), the base area ( 18 ) of the main body ( 16 ) with the flat support element ( 14 ) is glued. Arrangement with a solar module ( 12 ) and a fastening body ( 16 ) for fixing the solar module ( 12 ) on a flat support element ( 14 ), in particular a flat roof, wherein the fastening body ( 16 ) comprises a lightweight material which consists of at least one element of the group consisting of foam material, mineral wool, elastomers and cardboard, the fastening body ( 16 ) further one of the storage of the main body ( 16 ) on the support element serving base ( 18 ) and a mounting surface ( 21 ), and the solar module ( 12 ) on the mounting surface ( 21 ) is attached. Arrangement according to Claim 10, in which the solar module ( 12 ) with the mounting surface ( 21 ) of the fastening body ( 16 ) is glued. Arrangement according to claim 10 or 11 with a fastening device ( 10 ) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the fastening body as the main body ( 16 ) serves.

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