DE102009041421A1 - Device for converting and controlling wind energy into electrical energy - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for converting and controlling wind energy into electrical energy, in particular for use within buildings. By the invention, a wind turbine has been created, which has a higher efficiency in energy conversion with low technical effort, allows a more optimal adaptation to existing spatial conditions of different sites and causes less noise. The device is designed such that the windmills arranged inside buildings are connected via their associated generators to a control device controlling the orientation of the windmills in the direction of the maximum occurring wind current and the operating states of the windmills, and the wind-receiving surface elements of the windmills arranged along the rotation axis become self-acting are formed changeable and / or arranged that they each occupy the position and / or shape with the lowest wind resistance in the movement within the wind shadow of the rotation range. Advantageous for the reduction of the intensity of noise, the increase in energy efficiency and lifetime of the device are used in the storage of rotation axes high-temperature superconductor bearings for use.

Description

The The invention relates to a device for conversion and control from wind energy to electrical energy, especially for the application within buildings.

Increasing interest in alternative energy sources from solar and wind power due to decreasing global resources of fossil fuels for power generation, increasingly includes the use of such equipment within or on buildings or homes. So after the DE 202 04 945 U1 a wind turbine for integration into a building described in which are arranged in at least one air duct wind turbines. The air duct is arranged continuously in the ridge area of the building. The arrangement of the air channel mouths on opposite gables of a house, the flow energies are better used. If the course of the ridge results in the direction of the prevailing main wind direction, the efficiency of the system is highest.

A disadvantage of this solution, however, is the dependence of the efficiency in the energy conversion of the particular position of the building. It is thus optimally suitable only for selected buildings. Another disadvantage is the high cost of the installations of the wind tunnels and the low efficiency through the use of conventional wind turbines. At the by the DE 10 2005 041 600 B3 shown wind turbine is a vertical rotor used, which is driven regardless of the wind direction by the impinging wind currents. The rotor core of the wind turbine has a molded on this cam-like rotor blade. Arranged is the rotor within a housing which is provided with a wind inlet opening and a wind outlet opening. The cam-like rotor blade is driven by the wind in an annular Windleitkanal formed within the housing and is in operative connection with an electric generator. With this system, a cost-effective design of a wind power device has been created, which has a vertical rotor and therefore does not have to be turned into the wind. A disadvantage of this system, however, the functional use of only one rotor blade with the associated limited efficiency in the energy conversion, the required separate adaptation of the respective system to the existing space and the noise occurring. In the DE 10 2007 013 885 A1 an arrangement for generating electrical energy is described in which the wind turbine and the generator are arranged below the roof cover. The windmill used has a radial rotor provided with rotor blades in the form of airplane wings. This design of the rotor blades causes a compression of the wind flow and allows the rotors to rotate faster than the wind speed. Also, caused by the shape of the rotor blades, a suction effect of the wind is generated, which compensates for undesirable pressure forces on the rotor blades. Even with this wind turbine, it is disadvantageous that an adaptation to the spatial conditions must be made for each system and the efficiency of the energy conversion is dependent on the wind direction. A disadvantage is also in this system, the strong noise during operation. Also known are control mechanisms to automatically adjust the start-up condition, nominal operating condition and storm operating condition of the wind turbines to target values. So will the solution after the DE 33 32 459 A1 arranged in front of the main rotor with this co-rotating control rotor, which controls the wind turbine with the energy of the incoming air. The different occurring torques are used to adjust the setting angle of the main rotor blades via a control mechanism. As a result, the startup of the wind turbine is made possible with low wind, regulated at sufficient wind at nominal operating speed and protected from destruction in strong storm. A disadvantage of this solution is the high mechanical complexity and the dependence of the control, especially during the start-up phase with low wind from the respective dimensions of the control rotor. Furthermore, it is known from DE 10 2005 029 000 B4 a method and a system for controlling the speed of a rotor of a wind turbine. With this method, a speed control is carried out in partial load operation and in full load operation. In order to achieve a high power output of the power plant, the speed of the system is set in the partial load range to the optimum ratio between the peripheral speed of the rotor and Windgeschwindigleit. The speed is influenced by the counter-torque on the generator. The counter-torque at the generator is higher, the more power the generator takes out of the system and fed into a power grid. In full load operation, the speed adjustment is effected via the adjustment of the blade angle of the rotor blade. With the control method, the power output of the wind turbine is increased by allowing, in particular in the transition range from part load to full load, two different speed setpoints as input to a torque controller and a blade angle controller for independence of control of blade pitch and torque , A disadvantage is the high tax or control technical effort, especially for wind turbines with energy consumers and energy storage modules and the calculable constant load due to energy consumption. In the DE 20 2007 014 366 U1 is a Einrichung for blade adjustment for vertical wind turbines described with the centrifugal force-controlled pitch adjustment improves the starting characteristic, as well as a limitation of the maximum speed is reached. For this purpose, the rear wing mounts are provided with a spring system which causes the angle of attack of the wings when changing the rotor speed and consequent different centrifugal forces. Thus, the calculated angle of attack of the wing can be adjusted by a corresponding adjustment of the bias of the spring system independently, without external energy and without external control. A disadvantage of this device is the lack of optimization of the power output by disregarding the torque of the generator.

The The object of the invention is therefore to provide such Device and control, which has a higher efficiency in the energy conversion with low technical Has effort, a more optimal adaptation to existing spatial Conditions of different sites allows and a lower noise during the operation of the system causes.

Solved will do the job with the developed attachment according to the descriptive Features of claim 1. Advantageous developments of Invention are characterized by the features of the claims 2 to 14 described. With the created plant, the through the wind inlet openings entering and on the surface elements impinging wind currents more efficiently into electrical energy transformed. The achieved effective area of the surface elements for the conversion of wind energy is approx. 30% to 40% of the size of the wind turbine. In order to becomes the size of conventional wind turbines with constant energy production reduced by about 70%. By the self-adapting change of the Wind resistance of the surface elements in the lee of the rotation range, due to the self-acting change in their effective area and form, the efficiency of energy conversion is increased. Effective can the position or change the effective area the surface elements arranged by the side of the rotation path Guide assemblies that correspond to the positions specified Change debit positions. A strong reduction in noise is caused by the storage of rotational axes in the magnetic field of high-temperature superconductor bearings (HTS warehouse) reached. In addition to the noiseless storage causes the application of the HTS bearings due to the lack of frictional resistance in the camps a higher efficiency of energy conversion and a longer life of the bearings. Through the parallel connection of energy consumers and energy storage modules creates a constant load of the generator and thus a constant Torque. The control of the generator torque is unnecessary thus.

The Possibility of optimal adaptation of the system to different ones spatial conditions will be improved by the creation of uniform (standardized) Assemblies created that are functional in the required number can be strung together interactively. there Each wind turbine has a wind turbine and one connected to it Generator as well as the corresponding bearings. For the avoidance of wind turbulences within the wind tunnels between the cooperating wind power assemblies Windleiteinrichtungen arranged, which direct the wind currents targeted by the wind tunnels and thus counteract energy losses. By the introduction of Depressions in the surface of the surface elements its effective area is increased and through the form-related punctiform bundling of the impinging Wind currents increased the efficiency of the system.

The Invention will be described below with reference to an embodiment be explained in more detail. In the drawing shows:

1 : the schematic front view of the wind turbine,

2 : the schematic side view of the wind turbine,

3 : the front view of the surface element,

4 : the side view of the surface element,

5 : the block diagram of wind turbines and

6 : the block diagram of the overall device.

The schematic representation in 1 gives the front view of the structural layout of the wind turbine within the enclosure 1 again. In this exemplary embodiment of the system corresponds to the area and shape of the wind inlet opening 2 approximately the surface and shape of the acting as a rotor blade surface element 3 , This allows the incoming wind flow optimally to the surface of the surface element 3 impact and thus efficiently cause the rotation of the wind turbine. Connected are the surface elements 3 over the axis of rotation 4 , which is functionally connected to an electric generator. The mechanical connection between the axis of rotation 4 and the vial chenelementen 3 is by lateral insertion of the surface elements 3 known per se so-called dovetail guides, in the axis of rotation 4 forming assembly are introduced. This is how substitutions of the surface elements become 3 on easy and with little effort possible. The generator is to one of the two sides of the axis of rotation 4 arranged. The wind stream leaves the rebuilding 1 through the wind outlet 5 , Laterally and above the wind entrance opening 2 running wind tunnel are other wind channels 13 arranged, which the windstream impinging there to the rear to the wind outlet opening 5 conduct. Above the wind tunnel, the incident wind is through the illustrated wind inlet opening 14 and a wind tunnel located behind 13 headed backwards. At the wind outlet 5 then meet the wind power, whose flow energy partly through the wind turbines 11 was converted into electrical energy and the "without obstruction" through the wind tunnels 13 Windstream came to the rear. The energy differences lead to a suction effect, which in turn leads to an amplification of the wind tunnel with the wind turbines 11 flowing wind current leads. This in turn increases the efficiency of energy conversion. In front of the wind inlet opening 2 In addition, for the purpose of directed guidance of the wind flow in the direction of the rotor surfaces 3 Guiding elements arranged. The ensuing air turbulence in the surrounding area of the rotor surfaces 3 additionally increase the effectiveness of energy conversion. The schematic side view of this embodiment is in 2 played. It shows the arrangement of the surface elements 3 on the horizontal axis of rotation 4 , According to the occurring wind direction with the strongest wind flow is the reconstruction 1 tracked by means of a rotating device, not shown. The 3 represents the schematic front view of two opposing surface elements 3 at the axis of rotation 4 dar. Both surface elements 3 have an air gap 9 on, at the edges of each two closing flaps 7 . 8th are movably attached. At the above the axis of rotation 4 surface element shown 3 are the closing flaps 7 . 8th closed. This condition occurs when the wind flow to the surface of the surface element 3 incident. Does the surface element move? 3 During the rotational movement in the area of the wind shadow, the closing flaps open 7 . 8th by the spring effect of the between the closing flaps 7 . 8th and the surface element 3 arranged spring elements 6 , This position is at the lower surface element 3 given. With the representation in 4 the lateral view of the two positions is shown schematically. That above the rotation axis 4 rendered surface element 3 shows the closing flaps 7 . 8th in the closed state during the phase of impingement of the wind. The closed state allows the use of the full surface of the surface element 3 for energy conversion. Reach the surface element 3 the slipstream of the rotational movement, so are by the spring action of the spring elements 6 the closing flaps 7 . 8th open and thus the wind resistance of the surface elements 3 reduced as much as possible. The formation of wind turbulence and suction effects is counteracted and the efficiency of the energy conversion is increased.

This in 5 illustrated block diagram represents the arrangement of three wind power modules 10 Each wind turbine module 10 consists of a windmill 11 with a horizontal and / or vertical axis of rotation. The axis of rotation of each wind turbine 11 is connected to a generator. As bearings of the axes of rotation serve per se known high-temperature superconductor bearings. The technical equipment dimensioning and the technical parameters are with the wind power assemblies 10 uniformly. The arrangement of several wind power assemblies 10 within common wind tunnels becomes so possible. In this case, the composition of the wind tunnel assemblies 10 in succession, one above the other or combined. Depending on existing space conditions, the use of wind power modules 10 be optimally designed according to number and arrangement.

In order to avoid Windverwirbelungen and optimal steering of the wind flow within the common wind tunnels are between the wind turbines 10 Windleiteinrichtungen 12 arranged. The main stream of the wind thus reaches the surface elements 3 without flowing through the rest of the room. This effect is supported by the resulting from assembly to assembly alternately different directions of rotation of the wind turbine 11 ,

In 6 the block diagram of the overall device is reproduced. The wind wheels 11 For the purpose of transmission of the kinetic wind energy, they are axial via a transmission arrangement with a generator 16 connected. To the speeds of the wind turbines 11 to adapt to the existing wind speeds for optimum performance, the wind speed and the direction of the maximum occurring wind flow by means of the wind gauge 17 and measured by the computer designed as a central control device 15 involved in the control processes. About the drive device 20 become the wind wheels 11 followed by the wind direction. The energy consumers are batteries 18 or other energy storage devices connected in parallel. By a programmed predetermined control by the central control device 15 is the in electrical En energy converted into energy, which is not required by the connected energy consumers, in the batteries 18 or stored in the other energy storage. As a result, the load and thus the torque on the generator 16 consistently. The device-technical dimensioning of the generator for the required rated load has become calculable. The regulation of the optimal speed of the windmills 11 including the wind speed and direction is done by a control of a continuously variable transmission. At low wind, the startup process is carried out until the startup torque by temporary energy supply from the energy storage. During this phase, the generator becomes 16 used as an engine. The control device 15 exercises in addition to the control of the generator 16 , the drive device 20 , the data acquisition and processing of the wind measuring device 17 The coming signals also control the energy supply and discharge to energy consumers, energy storage facilities and other energy production facilities such as solar systems 19 out.

1

Umbauung

2

Wind inlet opening

3

surface element

4

axis of rotation

5

Wind outlet opening

6

spring element

7

closing flap

8th

closing flap

9

air gap

10

Wind power assembly

11

windmill

12

wind-deflecting

13

wind Tunnel

14

Wind inlet opening

15

control device

16

generator

17

Wind measuring device

18

Energy storage device

19

solar facility

20

driving means

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 20204945 U1 [0002]
• DE 102005041600 B3 [0003]
• - DE 102007013885 A1 [0003]
• - DE 3332459 A1 [0003]
• - DE 102005029000 B4 [0003]
• - DE 202007014366 U1 [0003]

Claims (15)

Device for converting and controlling wind energy into electrical energy, in particular within buildings, with horizontally and / or vertically arranged wind wheels, which are connected with their axes of rotation with electric generators, characterized in that the windmills arranged inside buildings ( 11 ) via their associated generators ( 16 ) with an orientation of the wind wheels ( 11 ) in the direction of the maximum occurring wind power and the operating conditions of the wind turbine ( 11 ) controlling control device ( 15 ) and arranged along the axis of rotation wind-receiving surface elements ( 3 ) of the wind wheels ( 11 ) are formed and / or arranged so that they can assume the position and / or shape with the lowest wind resistance during the movement within the wind shadow of the rotation region. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface elements ( 3 ) are locked by the locking elements in their position within the rotation area converting the wind energy and are self-adjustably connected to the inside of the rotation axis forming assembly upon reaching the lying in the wind shadow area of rotation. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface elements ( 3 ) movably mounted within the rotation axis forming assembly and on both sides of the rotation path of the surface elements ( 3 ) Guide assemblies are arranged, each for the purpose of lateral control of the position and / or storage of the surface elements ( 3 ) are in operative connection with these. Device according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the forming the axis of rotation and the connection to generator producing assemblies in high temperature superconductor bearings are stored. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two each of a wind turbine ( 11 ) and a generator connected to these wind power assemblies ( 10 ) are arranged one behind the other in the wind tunnel. Device according to claims 1 and 5, characterized in that between the wind power assemblies ( 10 ) occurring Windverwirbelungen preventing Windleiteinrichtungen ( 12 ) are arranged. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the surface elements ( 3 ) Depressions are introduced, which serve for punctiform bundling of the impinging air streams. Device according to claims 1 and 7, characterized in that the spatial depressions have a pyramidal shape. Device according to claims 1 and 7, characterized in that the spatial depressions have a conical shape. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface elements ( 3 ) have a helical shape formed along their longitudinal axis parallel to the axis of rotation. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface elements ( 3 ) at least one by closing flaps ( 7 ; 8th ) have closable air gap and the closing flaps ( 7 ; 8th ) via spring elements ( 6 ) in such a way with the surface elements ( 3 ) are connected so that they are held in the open position without wind. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that in front of the wind inlet opening ( 2 ) for directing the wind flow in the direction of the surface elements ( 3 ) and one in the vicinity of the surface elements ( 3 ) Luftverwirbelungen causing wind deflectors are arranged. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that above and / or laterally of the wind wheels ( 11 ) wind channels further, one on the strength of the wind current amplifying acting suction effect generating wind tunnels ( 13 ) are arranged. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control device ( 15 ) for transmitting the kinetic wind energy via a controllable depending on the rotor speed, the wind strength and direction gearbox with the generators ( 16 ) of the wind wheels ( 11 ) for detecting the wind strength and direction with a wind measuring device ( 17 ) and for the purpose of removing the energy required for start-up control with further regenerative energy sources and an energy storage device ( 18 ) and that the control device ( 15 ) one for aligning the directional position of the wind wheels ( 11 ) driving device ( 20 ) assigned. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control device ( 15 ) serving for supplying energy Solareinrich tion ( 19 ) is assigned.